Dissertations / Theses: 'Teaching and learning processes'

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Palmer, William Pitt. "A study of teaching and learning about the paradoxical concept of physical and chemical change." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14080.

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Science is sometimes seen as contained in a little box on its own, separate from the rest of the world. The questions underpinning this thesis set in train thoughts about investigating the chosen topic, the teaching and learning of physical and chemical change, using a very wide range of methodologies. The perspective is of someone involved in the teaching of the physical sciences for more than 40 years. The topic still remains contentious in teaching chemistry.The thesis sets out the evidence for and against the teaching of physical and chemical change and tracks the historical origins of the concept, its changing definitions and the research relating to the concept of physical and chemical change. A number of historically based textbook case studies are presented, some of which the author considers to be pioneering. The study ends with consideration of the public understanding of science, wondering whether the concept of physical and chemical change can be helpful in this respect.The conclusions reached are not in themselves remarkable, expressing a belief, that overall the concept of physical and chemical change is of benefit to the chemical community and perhaps to the wider public.

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Rollins, Julia Helzer. "Examining Implementation Processes of Positive Behavior Support." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2895.

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This study is a summary of themes found in the meeting notes of school teams implementing school-wide Positive Behavior Support. Positive Behavior Support (PBS) is a systems change process of reorganizing a school's discipline structure to put in place a positive, teaching and reinforcing focus for the improvement of student behavior (Sugai & Horner, 2006). In recent years, education researchers have established that school-wide PBS is an effective way to deliver research- based interventions to improve student behavior (Colvin & Kameenui, 1993, Gottfredson, Gottfredson, & Hybl 1993; Taylor-Green & Kartub, 2000). This study focused on the implementation process in order to gain insights on successes and difficulties encountered by school teams during implementation of PBS. This study utilized meeting notes from 22 school teams that received implementation support from Utah's Academic, Behavior and Coaching Initiative (ABC-UBI). These school teams had at least 3 years of implementation support from ABC-UBI and 3 years of data from the School-Wide Evaluation Tool (SET). The SET provided data indicating the fidelity of implemenation of PBS. From these 22 school teams, 628 total meeting notes were examined using grouded theory and an open-coding process. School teams were divided into 3 implementation patterns according to their SET data: consistently high implementing schools, increasing implementation schools and inconsistently implementing schools. A total of 13 themes were established, through multiple measures of inter-rater reliability, as being present in the meeting notes. According to prevalence rates, there were 2 major themes and 4 minor themes indicated in the meeting notes. The major themes indicated that making assignments and data collection were important to successful school teams. The minor themes indicated that meaningful individual rewards for students, regular staff professional development, utilization of tools provided by ABC-UBI and teaching and posting expectations were important to successful schools. Difficulties with data collection were indicated as being associated with inconsistently implementing schools. From the themes it was inferred that public accountability and the creation of professional learning communities were important factors in consistent and successful PBS implementation.

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Maluleka, Bondo Kenneth. "Improving grade 9 learners' Mathematical processes of solving word problems." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/965.

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Thesis (M.A. (Mathematics Education)) --University of Limpopo, 2013 This study intended to improve Grade 9 learners’ mathematical processes of solving word problems. It was an action research study in my own classroom consisting of 64 Grade 9 learners. Learners were given learning activities on word problems to carry out as part of their normal classroom mathematics’ lessons. Data were collected in two stages: first, through passive observation, that is, without my intervention, and later through participant observation thus provoking their thinking as they attempt the given questions. The learners’ responses were analyzed through checking the mathematical processes they used without my intervention. Learners also submitted their post-intervention responses for analysis of progress after interventions. The scripts were reviewed based on four problem- solving stages adopted from George Polya (1945). Those stages are, namely understanding the problem, devising the plan, carrying out the plan and looking back. It became evident from the findings that learners attempt solving word problems with no understanding. Communication, reasoning and recording processes appear to be key factors in assisting learners to make sense of word problems and, finally, proceeding towards an adequate solution.

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Poldma, Tiiu Vaikla. "An investigation of learning and teaching processes in an interior design class : an interpretive and contextual inquiry." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19491.

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This dissertation describes the teaching and learning experiences of teachers and students in an interior design class. Student-teacher studio interactions were videotaped and documented during the 2000-2001 academic school year, in a three-year bachelor interior design university program. Phenomenological and interpretive methods were used for the gathering, analysis and interpretation of the data. The questions that guided the study include (1) What happens in the interior design class, (2) How do teachers respond to perceived problems of understanding, and how do I work with my colleagues to tailor the ways that we see students learning the design process, and (3) A study of the learning environment: what are the students doing and how do they respond to our ideas. The purpose was to understand meanings held in design processes as student-situated experiences in the design studio. The analysis was done as dialectic between narrative text and diagrammatic conceptual analysis. Individual conversations were interpreted and analysed through the use of reflective analytic memoing and visual diagrams conceptualising of the issues and emerging analysis. There were many underlying messages that became evident during the data analysis itself. The data revealed that students were frustrated by several underlying messages. Negotiations and dynamics operated in both the self-contained data group and within the larger social design studio milieu itself. The data captured many issues that remained unanswered until theoretical sampling was conducted later in the analysis phase. This theoretical sampling consisted of further conversations with the data group students, focus groups, individual conversations with colleagues and students, and a comparative teaching experience with a new group of students in the same studio class one year later. The culmination of the original data, the conversations, the comparative data analysis and subsequent reflective analysis revealed the difficulties in capturing the nature of the design process and in defining what is interior design. Clarification of meaning in interior design lays the foundation for the design process exploration. Emergent issues include the need for teacher and student reflexive thinking that reaches beyond the confines of the studio, and the importance of the interrelationship between the teacher and the student in creating the learning experience.

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James, Alison. "An investigation into what influences action competence-oriented teaching and learning processes in a school environmental club." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003501.

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This interpretive case study sought to determine what influenced action competence-oriented teaching and learning processes in a high school environmental club. The goals were to describe a year of activities, within the TALON environmental club at Hudson Park High School in East London, South Africa and to identify how pedagogical, contextual and relational factors influenced action competence processes amongst club members. I explored how action competence theory and praxis have helped in other school education settings with the aim of establishing better environmental practices. The IVAC model of pedagogy (Jensen & Schnack, 1997) was used as a framework to operationalise action competence processes within the TALON Club. This entailed carefully examining investigative, visioning, action and change processes unfolding through the four themes of the club: plants, animal welfare, waste issues and our community outreach programme at Bongulethu High School. Using questionnaires, interviews, observation and a journal as the main methods of data collection I was able to make five analytical statements that related to the influence of pedagogy, the influence of context and the influence of relational dynamics within the TALON Club. The pedagogical processes were affected by the TALON members wanting to avoid any activities that were ‘too much like school’. However this served to compromise the action and visioning phases within the club, resulting in superficial and poorly-informed action-taking. The influence of context served to both enable and constrain action competence processes. The club and school structures therefore shaped the form that fledgling actions took as the TALON members participated in the meetings and outings and fulfilling the traditional expectations of the school community. Relational dynamics and a desire for fun took precedence over the action competence processes. Although the Club members were motivated by a sense of moral responsibility they were unable to articulate this concept into the club activities. In addition there were the power gradients between the educators and members to consider as determinants of the extent of participatory, democratic interactions. This complex interplay of factors influenced the action competence processes in the club. Recommendations were made on how best to work with the concepts of participation and democracy towards improving the reflexivity and knowledge base of both the educators and learners. In this way action competence processes will be better supported within the club in future.

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Wiklund-Hörnqvist, Carola. "Brain-based teaching : behavioral and neuro-cognitive evidence for the power of test-enhanced learning." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96395.

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A primary goal of education is the acquisition of durable knowledge which challenges the use of efficient pedagogical methods of how to best facilitate learning. Research in cognitive psychology has demonstrated that repeated testing during the learning phase improves performance on later retention tests compared to restudy of material. This empirical phenomenon is called the testing effect. The testing effect has shown to be robust across different kinds of material and when compared to different pedagogical methods. Despite the extensive number of published papers on the testing effect, the majority of the studies have been conducted in the laboratory. More specific, few studies have examined the testing effect in authentic settings when using course material during the progress of a course. Further, few studies have investigated the beneficial effects with test-enhanced learning by the use of neuroimaging methods (e.g. fMRI). The aim with the thesis was to investigate the effects of test-enhanced learning in an authentic educational context and how this is related to individual differences in working memory capacity (Study I and II) as well as changes in brain activity involved in successful repeated testing and long term retention (Study III). In study I, we examined whether repeated testing with feedback benefitted learning compared to rereading of introductory psychology key concepts in a sample of undergraduate students. The results revealed that repeated testing with feedback was superior compared to rereading both immediate after practice and at longer delays. The effect of repeated testing was beneficial for students irrespectively of WMC. In Study II, we investigated test-enhanced learning in relation to the encoding variability hypothesis for the learning of mathematics in a sample of fifth-grade children. Learning was examined in relation to both practiced and transfer tasks. No differences were found for the practiced tasks. Regarding the transfer tasks, the results gave support for the encoding variability hypothesis, but only at the immediate test. In contrast, when we followed up the durability of learning across time, the results showed that taking the same questions over and over again during the intervention resulted in better performance across time compared to variable encoding. Individual differences in WMC predicted performance on the transfer tasks, but only at the immediate test, regardless of group. Together, the results from Study I and Study II clearly indicate that testenhanced learning is effective in authentic settings, across age-groups and also produces transfer. Integrate current findings from cognitive science, in terms of test-enhanced learning, by the use of authentic materials and assessments relevant for educational goals can be rather easily done with vi computer based tasks. The observed influence of individual differences in WMC between the studies warrant further study of its specific contribution to be able to optimize the learning procedure. In Study III, we tested the complementary hypothesis regarding the mechanisms behind memory retrieval. Recurrent retrieval may be efficient because it induces representational consistency or, alternatively, because it induces representational variability - the altering or adding of underlying representations as a function of successful repeated retrieval. A cluster in right superior parietal cortex was identified as important for items successfully repeatedly retrieved Day 1, and also correctly remembered Day 7, compared to those successfully repeatedly retrieved Day 1 but forgotten Day 7. Representational similarity analysis in this region gave support for the theoretical explanations that emphasis semantic elaboration.

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Mukute, Mutizwa. "Exploring and expanding learning processes in sustainable agriculture workplace contexts." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003421.

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The focus of this study is to explore and expand farmer learning processes in sustainable agriculture workplace contexts. It examines change oriented learning processes in the context of three sustainable agriculture practices. The study begins by discussing the history and emergence of environmental discourses and approaches; sustainable agriculture; and the histories of three kinds of sustainable agriculture practices: Permaculture, Organic Farming and Machobane Farming System. It also traces the evolution of agricultural extension approaches within the wider context of education for sustainable development. The main focus of the study is an exploration of how farmer learning can be mediated through an expansive learning process. The study methodology surfaces some of the contradictions in sustainable agriculture and learning activity systems that farmers encounter in learning and practising sustainable agriculture. It uses these contradictions as sources of expansive learning in and between the respective activity systems of farmers, sustainable agriculture facilitators, agricultural extension workers (conventional) and organic entrepreneurs. As shown in the study, the expansive learning processes result in the modelling, implementation and reviewing of solutions to contradictions being faced in the learning and practice of sustainable agriculture. The study also proposes a number of tools that can be adapted and used by development farmers and agricultural trainers to examine and expand learning as well as build farmer agency. The study was conducted in three case study sites in Lesotho, South Africa and Zimbabwe. In Zimbabwe the study is located in Hwedza district in the St Margaret Primary School and community that learn, practise and facilitate the learning of Permaculture within the Schools and Colleges Permaculture Programme (SCOPE). The second study site is in South Africa: Durban urban and peri-urban areas where a community of organic farmers, facilitators and entrepreneurs coordinate the marketing of their produce through Isidore Farm and Earth Mother Organic and support each other to learn and practise organic farming. The third study site is based in the Mafeteng and Mohale‟s Hoek districts of Lesotho where the focus was on farmers who learn and practise the Machobane Farming System (MFS) and are supported in this by the Rural Self Development Association (RSDA) and the Machobane Agricultural Development Foundation (MADF). Drawing on three sensitising concepts of dialectics, reflexivity and agency, the study worked with Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) underpinned by critical realism to reveal how farmer learning is mediated and expanded. The theory of practice/habitus also provided a useful theoretical lens with which to examine data generated. Using a two-phased, multiple embedded case study approach, the study worked within the broad framework of social learning. It used semi-structured individual and group interviews, observations and document analysis to explore learning processes and generate „mirror‟ data. This data was then used in Change Laboratory Workshops, within the Developmental Work Research methodology, where double stimulation and focus group discussions contributed to expanding learning processes. Drawing on critical realism the study used inductive, abductive and retroductive modes of inference to analyse data in each case study as well as across case studies. The findings of the study reveal that farmer learning is influenced by both intrinsic motives, such as identity, and extrinsic motives which are primarily associated with economic, ecological and health benefits. Farmers learn through scaffolding and mediating tools that link everyday and scientific knowledge. They also learn from fellow farmers through observation, practising and experimentation. Some of the issues that were raised in connection with farmer learning processes are: language; time to learn, practice and appropriate concepts; time to improve the natural resource base while at the same time improving income generation; and responses to climate change. The study also found that farmer learning and practice of sustainable agriculture in the case studies investigated, is influenced by past and current agricultural and educational policies; societal values and attitudes; social and cultural backgrounds; work affordances and gender relations; quality of training offered; poverty; and, HIV and AIDS. In the second phase of the study, which built on the problematic situations being encountered by research participants (sustainable agriculture farmers, sustainable agriculture facilitators, extension workers, and organic marketers) to surface contradictions, the main finding was that the expansive learning process has potential to enhance farmer learning and practice of sustainable agriculture. It does this by mobilising distributed cognition among participants as well as their preparedness to act. Through the expansive learning processes in each case study, research participants were able to question their practices, surface contradictions, model solutions and implement them, and thus build individual, collective and relational agency reflexively. Observation of this required micro-analysis of agentive talk and reflective talk. The study contributes in-depth insight into participatory research and learning processes, especially within the context of people-centred learning and innovation in the agricultural development arena. It provides empirical and explanatory insight into how change oriented social learning can emerge and be expanded in Education for Sustainable Development, explaining learning and change relationships in three sustainable agricultural practices. It also provides learning and extension tools to work with contradictions that arise from intentionality, experience, context and history in farming and training activity systems. Its key contribution lies in providing in-depth insight into mobilisation of human agency and reflexivity in change oriented sustainable agriculture learning and development, processes that are critical for responding to contemporary socio-ecological issues and risks.

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Barton, Roberta Swithers. "A study of the relationship of social planning processes to the social competence of learning-disabled adolescents." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618373.

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This study addressed three questions: (1) Are social planning processes, i.e., means-ends thinking, knowledge of social conventions, and social schematic ability, related to each other? (2) Are they related to the perceived social competence of learning disabled (SLD) adolescents? (3) Are they determinants of differences in perceived social competence?;Martin Ford's (1982) Social Competence Nomination Form (SCNF) assessed the social competence of 59 SLD adolescents from The New Community School in Richmond, Virginia. Extreme groups of SCNF scorers were compared on three social planning skill measures: Means-Ends Problem-Solving Procedure (MEPS) (Spivack, Shure & Platt, 1981) and the Comprehension and Picture Arrangement subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Tests (Wechsler, 1974, 1981). The sample was described with the UCLA system of marker variables (Keogh, Major-Kingsley, Omori-Gordon, & Reid, 1982).;The hypothesized relationships were neither proved nor refuted, because although intercorrelations among the three sets of social planning process scores were significant, the correlations between the social competence scores and social planning process scores were not. However, the significant intercorrelations and the analyses of high and low scores added to the validity of Ford's (1986) social competence theory. The study also added to the SLD data base, confirmed the variance in the Kaufman's (1979) social judgment construct, and added to reliability data.;Needing further investigation are the MEPS's cognitive and linguistic features, its scoring, and the effects of the interview process. The SCNF'S cognitive demands, item situational specificity, and bases for perceptions of social competence need closer examination. In addition, studies need to be done with both normal learning and SLD adolescents. Samples should be small, but larger than this one. Also, subjects should have had the opportunity to participate together in multiple school social settings. The results then should be validated by examining behavior in natural situations to see if perceptions of social competence are confirmed by social leadership in real-life situations.

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Wynhoff, Olsen Allison S. "A Longitudinal Examination of Interactional, Social, and Relational Processes within the Teaching and Learning of Argumentation and Argumentative Writing." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373883265.

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Nyame-Asiamah, Frank. "The deferred model of reality for designing and evaluating organisational learning processes : a critical ethnographic case study of Komfo Anokye teaching hospital, Ghana." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7582.

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The study proposed an evidence-based framework for designing and evaluating organisational learning and knowledge management processes to support continuously improving intentions of organisations such as hospitals. It demarcates the extant approaches to organisational learning including supporting technology into ‘rationalist’ and ‘emergent’ schools which utilise the dichotomy between the traditional healthcare managers’ roles and clinicians’ roles, and maintains that they are exclusively inadequate to accomplish transformative growth intentions, such as continuously improving patient care. The possibility of balancing the two schools for effective organisational learning design is not straightforward, and fails; because the balanced-view school is theoretically orientated and lack practical design to resolve power tensions entrenched in organisational structures. Prior attempts to address the organisational learning and knowledge management design and evaluation problematics in actuality have situated in the interpretivist traditions, only focusing on explanations of meanings. Critically, this is uncritical of power relations and orthodox practices. The theory of deferred action is applied in the context of critical research methods and methodology to expose the motivations behind the established organisational learning and knowledge management practices of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) which assumed rationality design conceptions. Ethnographic data was obtained and interpreted with combined critical hermeneutics and narrative analyses to question the extent of healthcare learning and knowledge management systems failures and unveil the unheard voices as force for change. The study makes many contributions to knowledge but the key ones are: (i) Practically, the participants accepted the study as a catalyst for (re)-designing healthcare learning and knowledge management systems to typify the acceptance of the theory of deferred action in practice; (ii) theoretically, the cohered emergent transformation (CET) model was developed from the theory of deferred action and validated with empirical data to explain how to plan strategically to achieve transformative growth objectives; and (iii) methodologically, the sense-making of the ethnographic data was explored with the combined critical hermeneutics and critical narrative analyses, the data interpretation lens from the critical theory and qualitative pluralism positions, to elucidate how the unheard emergent voices could bring change to the existing KATH learning and knowledge management processes for improved patient care.

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Dalton, Rebecca Marie, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "The development of students' mental models of chemical substances and processes at the molecular level." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Dalton_R.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/816.

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The development of student’s mental models of chemical substances and processes at the molecular level was studied in a three-phase project. Animations produced in the VisChem project were used as an integral part of the chemistry instruction to help students develop their mental models. Phase one of the project involved examining the effectiveness of using animations to help first-year university chemistry students develop useful mental models of chemical phenomena. Phase two explored factors affecting the development of student’s mental models, analysing results in terms of a proposed model of the perceptual processes involved in interpreting an animation. Phase three involved four case studies that served to confirm and elaborate on the effects of prior knowledge and disembedding ability on student’s mental model development, and support the influence of study style on learning outcomes. Recommendations for use of the VisChem animations, based on the above findings, include: considering the prior knowledge of students; focusing attention on relevant features; encouraging a deep approach to learning; using animation to teach visual concepts; presenting ideas visually, verbally and conceptually; establishing ‘animation literacy’; minimising cognitive load; using animation as feedback; using student drawings; repeating animations; and discussing ‘scientific modelling’. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Bednall, Timothy Colin Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Effects of self-regulatory aids on autonomous study." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43360.

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The experiments described in this thesis tested whether encouraging the use of self-regulatory learning strategies enhances the effectiveness of autonomous study for novices in a learning domain. Previous research and theory have suggested that high-achieving students are proficient at self-regulating their learning, and they do so using a range of learning strategies for planning their study, monitoring the effectiveness of their efforts and elaborating their knowledge. Information processing theories of instructional design suggest that learning is optimal when working memory load is managed effectively. Accordingly, methods have been devised for reducing load associated with unnecessary task requirements, as well as dedicating additional capacity to the construction and automation of knowledge schemas. Less is known, however, about instructional methods for encouraging self-regulatory learning strategies. Experiments 1, 2 and 4 examined the effect of encouraging participants to reflect on their understanding of topics they had been taught previously. Although these participants were able to accurately estimate their level of understanding in some situations, they failed to consistently use this knowledge to guide their study of topics they had previously understood poorly. In light of this finding, Experiments 3 and 5 examined the effect of encouraging participants to plan a free study period, with the direction to prioritise the topics that they had understood the least well. This intervention had a modest positive effect on post-test performance. Experiment 6 examined the effect of encouraging two elaborative strategies, namely explanation generation and summarisation. The former benefited performance, whereas the effectiveness of the latter depended on the comprehensiveness of the summaries produced by the participants. Finally, Experiment 7 examined the effect of providing broad-spectrum instruction in learning strategies, with minimal requirements to engage in specific strategies. This intervention resulted in an overall benefit to performance. Overall, the results of this dissertation suggest that certain instructional aids for self-regulation yield benefits to the autonomous study by domain novices without overburdening working memory.

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Sabai, Daniel. "Mobilising processes of abstraction, experiential learning and representation of traditional ecological knowledge in participatory monitoring of mangroves and fisheries : an approach towards enhancing social learning processes on the eastern coast of Tanzania." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013060.

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This study addresses a core problem that was uncovered in records from coastal management monitoring initiatives on the eastern coast of Tanzania associated with the application and use of coastal monitoring indicators developed by external development partners for the coastal zone. These records suggest that local communities, who are key actors in participatory monitoring of coastal and marine resources, face many challenges associated with adapting and applying the said frameworks of indicators and monitoring plans. These indicators tend to be scientifically abstracted and methodologically reified; given prevailing contextual and socio‐cultural realities amongst them. The research project addresses the following key research question: How can processes of abstraction, conceptualisation, and representation of TEK contribute to the development of coastal management indicators that are less reified, more contextually and culturally congruent, and which may potentially be used by resource users in the wider social learning process of detecting trends, threats, changes and conditions of mangrove and fisheries resources? In response to the contextual problem and the research question, the study employs processes of abstraction and experiential learning techniques to unlock knowledge that local communities have, as an input for underlabouring existing scientific indicators on the Eastern coast of Tanzania. The research is constituted as critical realist case study research, involving two communities on the eastern coast of Tanzania, namely the Moa and the Boma communities (in Mkinga coastal district). Overall, the study involved 37 participants in a series of interviews, focus group discussions, and experiential learning processes using visualised data, and an experiential learning intervention workshop, and follow‐ups over a period of 3 years. The study worked with mangroves and fisheries to provide focus to the case study research and to allow for in‐depth engagement with the assumptions and processes associated with indicators development and use. Through the above mentioned data generation processes, critical realist analysis, and experiential learning processes involving abstraction and representation of traditional ecological knowledge held by mangrove restorers and fishers in the study areas, the study uncovers possible challenges of adapting and applying scientific indicators in participatory monitoring of a mangrove ecosystem. Using ampliative modes of inference for data analysis (induction, abduction and retroduction) and a critical realist scientific explanatory framework known as DRRREI(C) (Resolution, Re‐description, Retrodiction, Elimination, Identification, & Correction) the study suggests a new approach that may lead to the development of a framework of indicators that are less reified, more congruent to users (coastal communities), and likely to attract a wider context‐based social learning which favours epistemological access between scientific institutions (universities inclusive), and local communities. It attempts to establish an interface between knowledge that scientific institutions produce and the potential knowledge that exists in local contexts (traditional ecological knowledge), and seeks to widen and improve knowledge sharing and experiential learning practices that may potentially benefit coastal and marine resources in the study area. As mentioned above, the knowledge and abstraction processes related to the indicators development focussed on the mangrove ecosystem and associated fisheries, as engaged in the two participating communities in the eastern coast of Tanzania. The specific findings are therefore limited by the case boundaries, but the methodological process could be replicated and used elsewhere. The study’s contributions are theoretical and methodological, but also social and practice‐centred. The study brings into view the need to consider the contextual relevance of adapted knowledge, the capacity or ability of beneficiaries to adapt and apply scientific models, frameworks or tools, and the potential of local knowledge as an input for enhancing or improving monitoring of mangroves and mangrove‐based fisheries. Finally, the study comes up with a framework of indicators which is regarded by the coastal communities involved in the study as being less reified, more contextually and culturally congruent, and which may potentially be used in detecting environmental trends, threats, changes and conditions of mangrove and fisheries resources, and attract wider social learning processes.

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Mkhabela, Antonia T. "An Investigation of the usage of teaching methods and assessment practices in environmental learning processes and emergent curriculum and sustainability competencies." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7812.

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This study explores the teaching and assessment practices used by teachers in environmental learning processes and emergent curriculum and sustainability competencies. The focus is the school subject Life Sciences in the Further Education and Training Phase. The study is based on four cases of teachers in schools in the Midlands area, in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. Lenses used to review the data included curriculum defined cognitive skills and cognitive levels to review the curriculum competencies and a systems approach to teaching and learning (Wiek, Withycombe, Redman & Mills, 2011) to review emergent sustainability competencies. This study employed qualitative methods, namely a questionnaire, stimulated recall interviews, observations (of lesson plan implementation in classrooms) and document analysis (detailing lesson plans, assessment tasks and learners’ work) to generate data. Analysis took place in four phases and included: a descriptive contextual analysis of factors influencing teaching and assessment practices; a descriptive analysis of teacher intentionality, topics, assessment planned and resources used; an analysis of emergent curriculum competencies in informal and formal assessment tasks; and, finally, a second layer of analysis describing emergent sustainability competencies in the environmental learning processes. Ethical considerations included permission for access, anonymity, participant rights and awareness of my role as cluster leader for the group of teachers involved. The study found that the nature of Life Sciences environmental topics and implementation influences the development of curriculum and sustainability competencies. Also, the choice of teaching methods influenced the emergence of particular curriculum and sustainability competencies. The findings also suggested that switching between isiZulu and English, unfamiliarity with action verbs, and the inconsistent use of higher order questions in classroom discussion, informal and formal assessment tasks might have affected success in the development of higher order thinking skills. Finally, the study revealed that environmental learning has the potential to support the development of integrated sustainability competencies. This study was driven by an interest in environmental content knowledge, teaching and assessment within the South African Fundisa for Change network of environmental educators. It is hoped that the study’s illustration of how consideration of curriculum and sustainability competencies can contribute to quality education practices in environmental learning, will be of use in this network.

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Kieran, Carolyn. "An analysis of the processes used in solving algebraic equations and determining their equivalence in the early stages of learning /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=76749.

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This dissertation reports the results of a three-phase study on the learning of algebra. The first phase involved interviews with ten seventh graders (12 and 13 years of age) to uncover some of their pre-algebraic notions on equations and equation solving. Six of these novice subjects were kept on for the second phase: a two-month teaching experiment on equation solving which emphasized the symmetric procedure of performing the same operation on both sides. The pretest and two posttest interviews of the second phase included both equation-solving and equivalent-equations tasks. The third phase involved interviews with nine more-experienced algebra students from grades eight to eleven, to investigate their equation-solving procedures, errors, and methods of determining the equivalence of equation-pairs. Their approaches were compared with those of the novices on the same tasks. The study uncovered two distinct paths followed in the learning of equation solving: one by those already predisposed toward inversing; the other by those with a predisposition toward using surface operations. The latter group was more receptive to the procedure taught during the teaching experiment. A relationship was found to exist between subjects' view of the literal term in equations and their preferred equation-solving method. Novices with an inversing preference applied learned principles to equivalence tasks, but not to equation solving. More-expert subjects relied on inversing for both. Theoretical implications of these findings concern: the processes used in the early stages of learning a new domain, the modeling of the procedures used to determine equivalence, the relationship between errors and structural knowledge, and the representation of word problems by equations. Finally, the characterization of an arithmetic approach and an algebraic approach to the learning of equation solving is used to suggest a basis for a theory of algebra learning.

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Scott-Wilson, Rina. "An analysis of learning characteristics, processes, and representations in mathematical modelling of middle school learners with special educational needs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96130.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The special needs community is in the midst of a philosophical and physical shift from a segregated system to an integrated system, not only in placement, but more importantly, in terms of learning and affording learners with special needs access to mainstream curricular materials. Mathematical modelling, or challenging mathematics problems solved in small groups, is part of the Australian mainstream curriculum. The purpose of the study was to investigate the way special needs learners learn mathematics from a modelling learning environment. To do this, it was necessary to identify the critical characteristics of the best practice in teaching and learning for learners with special needs, and the critical features of modelling. One theory of learning that has the capacity to promote special needs learners' interaction with mathematical modelling is Feuerstein’s theory of Structural Cognitive Modifiability. A hypothetical learning trajectory was designed for special needs learners at middle school according to general design principles from theory, which was adapted to the learning characteristics of the class. The learning environment comprised of three challenging modelling tasks, together with recommended implementation and support conditions in the classroom. Specifically, the research sought to investigate the ways in which special needs educators can support the higher reasoning processes of special needs students during modelling through design in general, and through mediation specific to each learner. The research took the form of a qualitative study, combining the phases of design-based research with a multiple case study approach. Three cases were analysed in depth. Empirical data were collected through a range of qualitative methods, which included data from student files, field observations, video and audio recordings, focus group interviews with students, and the input of various collaborators across the different phases of planning, design, implementation, and revision. Data were coded and analysed inductively according to emerging patterns and themes. Findings suggest that the use of modelling was successful when implemented with certain characteristics defined in the literature, and that it enabled learners to learn mathematics and also to develop additional outcomes such as social skills and language. During this study, learners' higher-order reasoning was supported through dynamic assessment and subsequent mediation. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwysgemeenskap vir leerders met spesiale behoeftes bevind hulle in die middel van filosofiese en fisiese verskuiwings van 'n geskeide sisteem na 'n geïntegreerde sisteem. Dit omvat die plasing van leerders, maar meer belangrik ook die bemoontliking van toegang van hierdie leerders tot hoofstroom kurrikulêre materiale. Wiskundige modellering, en uitdagende wiskundeprobleme wat deur leerders in klein groepies opgelos word, is deel van die Australiese hoofstroomkurrikulum. Die doel van die studie was om die wyse te ondersoek waarvolgens leerders met spesiale behoeftes wiskunde in 'n modelleringsomgewing leer. Dit is gedoen deur die belangrike kenmerke van beste praktyk vir onderrig en leer in spesiale onderwys, asook die kritiese kenmerke van modellering, te vind. Een leerteorie wat die interaksie van leerders met spesiale behoeftes met wiskunde bevorder, is Feuerstein se teorie van Strukturele Kognitiewe Modifieerbaarheid. 'n Hipotetiese leertrajek was ontwerp vir leerders met spesiale behoeftes op middelskoolvlak. Empiriese data is deur 'n reeks kwalitatiewe aksies: data van studentelêers, veldwaar-nemings, video en klankopnames, fokusgroeponderhoude met studente, asook die insette van verskeie medewerkers oor die verskillende fases van beplanning, ontwerp, implementering en hersiening gegenereer. Die spesifieke leerkenmerke van hierdie leerders volgens algemeen-teoretiese en lokaalgekontekstualiseerde ontwerpbeginsels is nagekom. Die leertrajek het bestaan uit drie uitdagende modelleringsprobleme met aanbevole implementering en ondersteuningsriglyne in die klaskamer. Die navorsing het spesifiek gesoek na wyses waarop hierdie leerders se hoër beredeneringsvaardighede deur hul onderwysers, volgens elkeen se eie behoefte gedurende modellering, deur ontwerp in die algemeen en mediasie in die besonder, ondersteun kan word. Die navorsing, 'n kwalitatiewe studie, was gekombineer met fases van ontwikkelingsgebaseerde ontwerp wat uitgespeel het in 'n veelvuldige gevallestudiebenadering. Drie gevalle is in diepte ondersoek. Data was induktief gekodeer en geanaliseer volgens ontluikende patrone en temas. Bevindinge wys uit dat die gebruik van modellering suksesvol was wanneer die implementering volgens spesifieke kenmerke in die literatuur was. Dit het leerders instaat gestel om wiskunde te leer asook om addisionele uitkomste soos sosiale vaardighede en taal te ontwikkel. In hierdie studie is hoër-orde denke ondersteun deur dinamiese assessering en voortspruitende mediasie.

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Paula, Sabrina Ribeiro de. "Ensino e aprendizagem dos processos de divisão celular no Ensino Fundamental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-29012008-152152/.

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A recente explosão do conhecimento da genética molecular e o avanço da indústria da biotecnologia requerem que o público compreenda muitos conceitos da genética para a tomada de decisões sobre a pertinência do uso dessas novas ferramentas. Durante os últimos 30 anos a literatura educacional produziu conceitos e teorias para lidar com estas dificuldades, mas a maioria dos professores desconhece estas produções, principalmente porque os periódicos de referência são publicados em línguas estrangeiras (principalmente em inglês). Esta pesquisa-ação pretende preencher esta lacuna e foi baseada em testes que envolveram 283 estudantes de 12 a 15 anos de idade. Nela descrevemos as concepções dos estudantes sobre a localização e transmissão da informação genética antes e após a aplicação de uma seqüência didática elaborada especificamente para desenvolver estratégias metacognitivas de aprendizagem. As idéias dos estudantes foram colhidas por meio dos questionários e redações, nas quais os estudantes descrevem como imaginam ser o interior das células e dos gametas. Verificamos que as crianças do ensino fundamental possuem concepções semelhantes àquelas descritas para estudantes do ensino médio. A comparação das redações produzidas pelos estudantes antes e após a aplicação da seqüência didática permitiu verificar que o padrão mais comum de aprendizagem é sincrético, ou seja, as crianças tendem a distorcer as informações oferecidas pelo professor em virtude da existência de conhecimentos prévios. Por fim, a descrição e a documentação de seqüências didáticas planejadas a partir de conhecimentos produzidos na literatura educacional permitem o entendimento dos processos de transposição didática e a relação deste com a aprendizagem dos estudantes. The recent knowledge explosion on the areas of genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology introduced many new concepts hard for common people to grasp in their decision-making processes. During the last 30 years or so the educational literature produced concepts and theories to cope with these difficulties but the vast majority of our elementary and highschool teachers remain unaware of them possibly because the available literature is written in foreign languages (mainly in English). The action-research here presented intends to fill this gap and was based on tests performed with 283 students aged 12 to 15. We describe their conceptions on the location and transmission of genetic information before and after the application of a didactic sequence specifically elaborated to develop metacognitive learning strategies. The students\' ideas were gathered by means of questionnaires and through essays describing how they imagine the interior of cells and germ-cells. We verified that children on basic educational level have conceptions very similar to those of students of middle-level education. The paired comparison of before and after essays suggests the existence of a common, syncretic learning standard. In plain language, the results indicate that previous informal knowledge of children tends to distort the formal information transmitted by their teachers. It is clear that the description and documentation of planned didactic sequences, available from the specialized literature, provide the understanding of the didactic transposition process and its relation with the students´ learning process.

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Schiever, Shirley W. "THE EFFECT OF TWO TEACHING/LEARNING MODELS ON THE HIGHER COGNITIVE PROCESSES OF STUDENTS IN CLASSES FOR THE GIFTED (PARNES CPS, TABA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282090.

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The defensibility of special classes and programs for gifted students is an issue with academic, social, and political ramifications. Critical components of programs for the gifted include the curriculum and service delivery model. This author examined the effect of two teaching/learning models, the Parnes Creative Problem Solving model and the Hilda Taba Teaching Strategies on the higher cognitive processes of gifted students in grades 5 through 8. Three service delivery models were included. The design of the study was the 3 x 3 x 2 analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last factor. The between subjects factors were experimental condition--Parnes, Taba, and Control--and service delivery model--Daily, One Day per Week, and Self-Contained. The within factor was the time of testing, the pre and posttest scores. Fourteen classes of gifted students in grades 5 through 8 were included: a total of 213 students took both the pretest and the posttest. The analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed two significant between subjects effects: interaction of treatment with service delivery model (p < .0001) and treatment effect (p < .02). The analysis of variance within factors indicated no significant effects (p < .05) except difference between the pretest and the posttest scores. Since the period of time between the pre and posttest was about seven months, this growth is expected and is not informative. Post hoc tests, using the Scheffe formula, showed significant (p < .10) differences in favor of both the Parnes and the Taba Daily groups when compared to the Control group, and a significant (p < .10) difference favoring the Taba Self-Contained when compared to the Taba One Day per Week group. The supporting data gathered indicated that three teachers did not implement their teaching/learning model effectively and two additional teachers used the model infrequently. The posttest cell means appear to be related not only to correct model implementation, but to frequency as well. Those cells with the highest frequencies of correct model use had the highest posttest mean scores. Therefore, it was concluded that process models offer a powerful method of teaching the higher cognitive processes to gifted students, but that such models must be used correctly and frequently.

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Joubert, L., G. Ludick, and Z. Hattingh. "STUDENT EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TEACHING METHODS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS THEREOF." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 2: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/287.

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Published Article A significant amount of time and effort has to go into teaching students. It is no art when lecturers simply read from a text book. The objective of this study was to determine the teaching methods that students at the Hotel School, Central University of Technology, Free State, consider as most effective to support learning. All first-year students (N=73) enrolled for the National Diploma: Hospitality Management were targeted to participate in the survey. A mixedmethod study design was followed, and a questionnaire consisting of closedand open-ended questions was developed for data collection. Closed-ended questions were rated on a five-point Likert scale, while answers to open-ended questions were analysed to determine trends. Results showed that lecturers used a variety of teaching methods. The lecture teaching method was rated best by 49% of students followed by the group discussion method which was rated as second best (19%). Case studies and brainstorming were the least-preferred methods (4% and 0% respectively). Lecturers should ensure that maximum information is transferred through the teaching methods that most appeal to students. The focus should be on enabling students to practically apply the lessons taught in everyday life.

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Malm, Erik. "Scenankomst : Finns det en plats för slam i skolsammanhang?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-55739.

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This degree project essay examines the literary culture phenomenon known as poetry slam, a competitive format for performance poetry, with the purpose of discussing whether poetry slam could contribute to upper secondary school Swedish teaching or not. The essay consists of two parts, one where poetry slam is presented and one where poetry slam is discussed from a didactic perspective. In the first part, a brief history of poetry slam and its origins in the U.S. is presented, followed by a discussion of the ideology within the slam movement. Furthermore, the set of rules that regulate poetry slams are presented and finally the first part of the essay is ended with a discussion of poetry slam as a poetic genre of its own. The second part starts by presenting and discussing the concept of aesthetic learning processes and how poetry slam might enable such processes. Poetry slam is then related to the Swedish subject syllabus for upper secondary school in order to analyse whether there is any rationale for poetry slam in Swedish teaching or not. Furthermore, poetry slam is related to literacy development, first by discussing creative writing and then by discussing oral performance. The results of the analysis shows that poetry slam is foremost motivated in Swedish teaching as a literary historical content, partly as an opportunity to work with oral performance, and also to cultivate students’ linguistic subjectivity. Poetry slam could possibly enable aesthetic learning processes, although it may be questioned whether poetry slam qualifies as an artistic community professional enough to provide artistic working methods. The very concept of a school poetry slam could also be seen as a contradiction, when considering the slam movement’s self image of counter culture, as schools themselves could be interpreted as dominant literary establishments. Possible pitfalls related to poetry slam in Swedish teaching are the competitive format’s effect on students socio-emotional safety and the scoring system that may be hazardous for students’ linguistic subjectivity. Also, poetry slam may not meet the curricular demands on rhetoric performances which are mandatory in the upper secondary school Swedish courses, and thus questions may be raised if oral poetic performances can be prioritised at the expense of oral rhetoric performances. Moreover, the free, creative space provided to students within creative writing processes puts high demands on the teacher balancing students’ creative freedom, in order to possibly articulate hidden knowledge, with making sure that students do not spend time procrastinating.

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Медведєва, С. О., and О. В. Зубенко. "Blended Learning as a Way to Diversify the Traditional System of Learning." Thesis, Вінницький державний педагогічний університет ім. М. Коцюбинського, 2017. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/24401.

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Rapid developments of IT technologies can not but have a deep impact on the process of learning and teaching. Information technologies create the unlimited amount of opportunities that intensify the teaching / learning process and make it more diverse. The newest developments in the sphere of education is connected with blended learning that can be considered as an additional element to the classroom activities and the one that supports existing teaching practices. Швидкий розвиток ІТ-технологій не може не мати істотного впливу на процес навчання і викладання. Інформаційні технології створюють необмежену кількість можливостей, які активізують процес викладання / навчання і роблять його більш різноманітним. Новітні розробки у сфері освіти пов`язані зі змішаним навчанням, яке можна розглядати як додатковий елемент діяльності в аудиторії, а також підтримувати наявні педагогічні практики.

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Schudel, Ingrid Joan. "Examining emergent active learning processes as transformative praxis : the case of the schools and sustainability professional development programme." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006079.

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This is a study on the nature of learning, particularly the emergence of active learning processes in the case of an environmental education teacher professional development programme – the Eastern Cape Border-Kei cohort of the 2008 Schools and Sustainability Course. This was a part-time, one-year course supporting teachers to qualify, strengthen and deepen opportunities for environmental learning in the South African curriculum. An active learning framework (O’Donoghue, 2001) promoting teaching and learning with information, enquiry, action and reporting/reflection dimensions was integrated into the Schools and Sustainability course design to support these environmental learning opportunities. In this study, the notion of active learning is elaborated as a situated, action-oriented, deliberative and co-engaged approach to teaching and learning, and related to Bhaskar’s (1993) notion of transformative praxis. The study used a nested case study design, considering the case of six Foundation Phase teachers in six primary schools within the Border-Kei Schools and Sustainability cohort. Interviews, observations (of workshops and lesson plan implementation in classrooms) and document review of teacher portfolios (detailing course activities, lesson plans, learners’ work and learning and teaching support materials) were used to generate the bulk of the data. A critical realist theory underpinning the methodology enables a view of agency as emergent from social structures and mechanisms as elaborated in Archer’s (1998b) model of morphogenesis and Bhaskar’s (1993) model of four-planar being. The critical realist methodology also enables a view of emergent active learning processes as open-ended, responsive to particular potential, but dependent on contingencies (such as learning and teaching support materials, tools and methodologies). The analysis of emergent active learning processes focuses particularly on Bhaskar’s (1993) ontological-axiological chain (MELD schema) as a tool for analysing change. The MELD schema highlights1M ontological questions of what is (with emphasis on structures and generative mechanisms) and what could be (real, but non-actualised possibilities). It enables reflection on what mediating and interactive agential processes either reproduce what is or have the potential to transform what is to what could be (2E). Thirdly, the MELD schema enables reflection on what should be – this is the 3L “axiological moment” (Bhaskar, 1993: 9) where questions of values and ethics in relation to the holistic whole are raised. Finally, the schema raises questions (4D) of what can be, with ontologically grounded, context-sensitive and expressively veracious considerations. The study describes the agency of course tutors, teachers and learners involved in the Schools and Sustainability course, as emergent from a social-ecological context of poverty and inequality, and from an education system with a dual transformative and progressive intent (Taylor, 1999). It uses a spiral approach to cluster-based teacher professional development (Janse van Rensburg & Mhoney, 2000) focusing on the development of autonomous (Bernstein, 1990) and reflexive teachers. With teachers well-disposed and qualified to fill a variety of roles in the classroom, these generative structures and mechanisms had the power to drive active learning processes with potential for manifestation as transformative praxis. Through the analysis of the active learning processes emergent from this context, the study shows that the manifestation of transformative praxis was contingent on relational situated learning, value-based reflexive deliberations, and an action-orientation with an emphasis on an iterative relationship between learning and doing. These findings enable a reframing of an interest in action in response to environmental issue and risk, to an interest in the processes that led up to that action. This provides a nuanced vision of active learning that does not judge an educational process by its outcome. Instead, it can be judged by the depth of the insights into absences (2E), the ability to guide moral deliberations on totality (3L), and by the degree of reality congruence (1M) in the lead up to the development of transformative agency (4D). The study also has a methodological interest. It contributes to educational and social science research in that it applies dialectical critical realist philosophy to a concrete context of active learning enquiry in environmental education. It reports on the value of the onto-axiolgical chain in describing a diachronic, emergent and open-ended process; in providing ontological grounding for analysis (1M); in understanding relationality in situated learing processes (2E); in focusing on value-based reflexive learning (3L) and in understanding transformative learning as “tensed socio-spatialising process” (Bhaskar, 1993: 160) where society is emergent from a stratified ontology, and agency and change are open-ended and flexible processes not wholly determined by the social structures from which they emerge (4D). Considering the knowledge interests defined in the 2011 South African Minimum Requirements for Teacher Education (South Africa. Department of Higher Education and Training, 2011) and the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) which were implemented in South Africa from 2012 (in a phased approach), the study concludes with recommendations for exploring environmental learning in the CAPS. The study proposes working with a knowledge-focused curriculum focusing on the exploration and deepening of foundational environmental concepts, developing relational situated learning processes for meaningful local application of knowledge, supporting transformative praxis through the “unity of theory and practice in practice” (Bhaskar, 1993: 9), and implementing a spiral approach to cluster-based teacher professional development.

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Markevičiūtė, Vaida. "Mokymosi organizavimo įtaka IV klasės mokinių matematikos mokymosi pasiekimų rezultatams." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140722_134405-35522.

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Šiuolaikiniame ugdyme akcentuojama, jog matematika yra reikšminga pasaulio kultūros ir veiksminga jo pažinimo dalis. Sudėtinga prisitaikyti prie nuolat kintančios tikrovės, jeigu nėra pakankamai gerai išlavinti problemų sprendimo įgūdžiai, jeigu stinga žinių, noro mokytis ir tobulėti, nepasitikima savo jėgomis. Taigi, šiuolaikinis mokymosi organizavimo procesas neįsivaizduojamas be sėkmingo mokytojo ir mokinio santykio, kuris daro poveikį mokinių mokymosi pasiekimams.Tačiau kaip nuo matematikos pamokos organizavimo būdų priklauso IV klasės mokinių mokymosi pasiekimai nėra pakankamai išnagrinėta. It is emphasized that mathematics is important world culture and the efficient cognition part in modern education. It is complicated to adapt to the constantly changing reality, if the problem solving skills are not developed well enough, there is a lack of knowledge and desire to learn and improve, distrust to your own forces. Therefore the modern learning organization process is inconceivable without the successful relationship between the teacher and the student which influences students’ learning achievements. However it is not analyzed enough how IV form students’ learning achievements depend on the math lesson organizational methods.

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Lindley, David Stewart. "Can expansive (social) learning processes strengthen organisational learning for improved wetland management in a plantation forestry company, and if so how? : a case study of Mondi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015661.

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Mondi is an international packaging and paper company that manages over 300 000 ha of land in South Africa. After over a decade of working with Mondi to improve its wetland management, wetland sustainability practices were still not integrated into the broader forestry operations, despite some significant cases of successful wetland rehabilitation. An interventionist research project was therefore conducted to explore the factors inhibiting improved wetland management, and determine if and how expansive social learning processes could strengthen organisational learning and development to overcome these factors. In doing so, the research has investigated how informal adult learning supports organisational change to strengthen wetland and environmental sustainability practices, within a corporate plantation forestry context. How individual and/or group-based learning interactions translate to the collective, at the level of organisational change was a key issue probed in this study. The following three research questions were used to guide the research: 1. What tensions and contradictions exist in wetland management in a plantation forestry company? 2. Can expansive learning begin to address the tensions and contradictions that exist in wetland management in a plantation forestry company, for improved sustainability practices? 3. Can expansive social learning strengthen organisational learning and development, enabling Mondi to improve its wetland sustainability practices, and if so how does it do this? Cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) and the theory of expansive learning provided an epistemological framework for the research. The philosophy of critical realism gave ontological depth to the research, and contributed to a deeper understanding of CHAT and expansive learning. Critical realism was therefore used as a philosophy to underlabour the theoretical framework of the research. However CHAT and expansive learning could not provide the depth of detail required to explain how the expansive learning, organisational social change, and boundary crossings that are necessary for assembling the collective were taking place. Realist social theory (developed out of critical realism by Margaret Archer as an ontologically located theory of how and why social change occurs, or does not) supported the research to do this. The morphogenetic framework was used as a methodology for applying realist social theory. The expansive learning cycle was used as a methodology for applying CHAT and the theory of expansive learning; guiding the development of new knowledge creation required by Mondi staff to identify contradictions and associated tensions inhibiting wetland management, understand their root causes, and develop solutions. Through the expansive learning process, the tensions and contradictions become generative as a tool supporting expansive social learning, rather than as a means to an end where universal consensus was reached on how to circumvent the contradictions. The research was conducted in five phases: • Phase 1: Contextual profiling to identify and describe three activity systems in Mondi responsible for wetland management: 1) siviculture foresters; 2) environmental specialists; 3) community engagement facilitators. The data was generated and analysed through through document analysis, 17 interviews, 2nd generation CHAT analysis, and Critical Realist generative mechanism analysis; • Phase 2: Analysis and identification of tensions and contradictions through a first interventionist workshop. Modelling new solutions to deal with contractions, and examining and testing new models in and after the second interventionist workshop; • Phase 3: Implementing new models as wetland management projects and involved project implementation. This included boundary crossing practices of staff in the three activity systems, reflection and re-view in a further five progress review/interventionist workshops, and a management meeting and seminar; • Phase 4: Reflecting on the expansive learning process, results, and consolidation of changed practices, through nine reflective interviews and field observations; • Phase 5: Morphogenic/stasis analysis of the organisational change and development catalysed via the expansive social learning process (or not). The research found that expansive social learning processes supported organisational learning and development for improved wetland management by: 1) strengthening the scope, depth, and sophistication of participant understanding; 2) expanding the ways staff interact and collaboratively work together; 3) democratising decision making; 4) improving social relations between staff, reducing power differentials, and creating stronger relationships; 5) enhancing participant reflexivity through deeper understanding of social structures and cultural systems, and changing them to support improved wetland and environmental practice of staff, and developing the organisational structures and processes to strengthen organisational learning and development; and 6) using the contradictions identified as generative mechanisms to stimulate and catalyse organisational learning and development for changed wetland/environmental management.

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Effeney, Gerard. "A case study investigating changes in students' approaches to learning when exposed to teaching strategies aimed at promoting metacognitive learning." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 1994. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/6d64d83151bea85db890d23c64cf0cb43a9ac7d318709726568675bd8e466abb/6376502/Effeney_1994_A_case_study_investigating_changes_in.pdf.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate, through the use of case study approach, changes in students' approaches to learning when exposed to teaching strategies aimed at promoting metacognitive learning. The case study approach used in this research to address the research question was characterised by three stages: - Identification of the initial learning characteristics of the students. - Identification of any changes in these learning characteristics following the exposure to teaching strategies aimed at promoting metacognitive learning. - Monitoring the students’ perceptions of their own learning during this time using a variety of data sources. Stages one and two were firstly applied to the class as a group, and provided a framework within which the more detailed investigation of the individual case studies were situated. The use of the Learning Process Questionnaire (LPQ) as a means of identifying the general learning characteristics of the students was successful. The approach to learning identified by the LPQ for an individual student was very often confirmed by the other data sources. A second application of the LPQ did uncover changes in individual student’s approaches to learning, which, through student reflection sheets, semi-structured interviews and teacher reflection, were able to be investigated further. The results seemed to indicate that in some cases, these changes in approaches were influenced by the teaching strategies used, but the extent to which metacognitive motives and strategies were adopted depended very much on their acceptance of the class and the individual students.

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Wen, I.-chun. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEARNING THROUGH DRAMA IN TEACHING CHINESE AS A SECOND LANGUAGE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1435882138.

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Rosa, Ana Carolina Pereira da Silva. ""Se meu pai viesse aqui hoje nessa escola, ele não ia aprender": Cibercultura e processos de ensino-aprendizagem." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4550.

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A sociedade na qual vivemos vem passando por grandes transformações que influenciam os modos de construir conhecimentos e veicular informações, as formas de se relacionar com o outro, a maneira de perceber o mundo e a si mesmo no mundo. Estas mudanças são marcadas pela interatividade, pela conectividade, pela velocidade, pela multilinearidade, pela complexidade e pela fragmentação tão presentes na cultura digital. Os jovens, nascidos em meio a estas transformações, vivenciam essas marcas em suas práticas culturais cotidianas, construindo uma nova lógica que orienta seu modo de perceber e agir na sociedade. No entanto, ao mesmo tempo em que os jovens orientam suas ações a partir dessa lógica que chamo nesse trabalho de cibercultural, vivenciam uma lógica linear na escola, o que acaba por produzir um hiato entre as culturas juvenis e a cultura escolar. Buscando contribuir para a construção de práticas pedagógicas mais concernentes às necessidades dos jovens contemporâneos, este estudo se propôs investigar o papel mediador das tecnologias digitais nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma escola de Ensino Médio Integrado, na zona norte do Rio de Janeiro, na qual os alunos têm acesso, em período integral, às disciplinas do currículo do MEC integradas às disciplinas de formação técnica voltadas às tecnologias digitais. Este projeto é fruto de uma parceria da Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com um instituto privado, cujo objetivo é construir um espaço de pesquisa e de inovações em educação. A pesquisa se configurou como um estudo de caso, embora algumas reflexões possam contribuir para debates mais amplos em educação. O estudo apoiou-se teórico-metodologicamente nos Estudos Culturais Latino-americanos (Martín-Barbero e Canclini), que trazem contribuições para pensar o papel das mediações nos processos de recepção dos meios comunicacionais. Baseia-se, também, nos estudos sobre juventude (Dayrell e Carrano) que ajudaram a construir um olhar para os jovens pesquisados a partir do lugar ativo e protagonista de suas práticas dentro e fora da escola. Complementando estes aportes teóricos, o trabalho se fundamenta, ainda, nos estudos sobre a relação dos sujeitos com os ambientes virtuais ou ciberculturais (Lévy, Lemos e Santaella). As entrevistas realizadas com jovens e professores da escola e as observações em sala de aula foram exercícios de alteridade e exotopia, inspirados em Mikhail Bakhtin. O trabalho foi tecido numa perspectiva dialógica, buscando trazer para o texto impresso as experiências vividas no campo e os debates desencadeados a partir dessas experiências, propondo alguns caminhos para contribuir com uma escola mais significativa aos novos tempos. The society in which we live is undergoing major transformations that influence the ways of constructing knowledge and relay information, the forms of relating with other people, the way of perceiving the world and himself in the world. These changes are marked by interactivity, connectivity, speed, multilinearity, complexity and fragmentation so prevalent in digital culture. The contemporary young people who had been born in the middle of these changes, live these brands in their daily cultural practices, constructing a new logic that guides their way of perceiving and acting in society. However, while young people guide their actions from that logic that I call in this work of cybercultural, they live a linear logic inside the school, which produce a gap between youth culture and school culture. Searching to contribute to construct pedagogical practices concerning the needs of contemporary youth, this study aimed to investigate the digital technologies as their role as mediators in the teaching-learning process. The study was developed in a high school integrated in the northern zone of Rio de Janeiro, where the students have access, full time, on the subjects in the curriculum of MEC integrated to the disciplines of technical training related to digital technologies. This project is the result of a partnership between the Education Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro with a private institute, whose the objective is construct a space of research and innovations in education. The research was configured as a case study, although some reflections can contribute to wider debates in education. The study was supported theoretical and methodological by the Latin American Cultural Studies (Martín-Barbero and Canclini), which contributes to reflect on the role of mediation and the processes of reception the communication media. It is based also on studies of youth (Dayrell and Carrano) who helped to construct a way to look to the young people respondents from the place and active protagonist of their practices inside and outside of school. Complementing these theoretical contributions, the work is based also on studies of the relation of subjects with virtual or cybercultural environments (Lévy, Lemos and Santaella). The interviews with young people and school teachers and the classroom observations were exercises to construct a responsive look, inspired in Mikhail Bakhtin. This work was woven in a dialogic perspective, trying to bring to the printed text the experiences in the field and the debates initiated from these experiences and propose some ways to contribute to a school more meaningful to the contemporary times.

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Bromberg, Kirstin. "Harmonisierung von Lehren und Lernen mit der ‚doc.post‘ (document of commitment)." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5318/.

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Internationale Forschungsbefunde zu ‚Teaching in Higher Education’ konstatieren immer wieder eine Nicht-Übereinstimmung zwischen intentional angelegten Lehrinhalten und Lernzielen und tatsächlich hervorgebrachten Fähigkeiten. Sie legen eine formative Evaluation von akademischen Lehr-Lern-Angeboten nahe, um bereits im Verlauf einer Lehrveranstaltung auf etwaige Lernschwierigkeiten und –barrieren reagieren zu können. Das an deutschen Hochschulen gängige Repertoire sozial-wissenschaftlicher Evaluationsinstrumente fokussiert jedoch zumeist auf summative quantitative Verfahren, die weder den verschiedenen Formaten akademischer Lehre noch dem komplexen Interaktionsgeschehen in Lehr-Lern-Kontexten gerecht zu werden scheinen, indem sie auf die Abfrage studentischer Zufriedenheitsniveaus abstellen. Anliegen dieses Beitrages ist es daher, ein von der Verfasserin entwickeltes multifunktionales und metakognitiv angelegtes Lehr-Lern-Forschungsinstrument, die ‚doc.post’ vorzustellen, das sich insbesondere zur Ausbildung generischer Kompetenzen in verschiedenen universitären erziehungs- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Studiengängen bewährt hat. Die ‚doc.post’ eignet sich gleichermaßen als Evaluations- und Prüfungsinstrument sowie für weitergehende Forschungsaktivitäten, die Qualität der eigenen Lehre betreffend. Research in Higher Education has shown that teaching and learning is actually not the same. Although we always have well-designed plans in teaching courses, students often do not acquire the needed and desired learning outcomes. Teaching does not automatically lead to a desired learning outcome. Searching for a solution of the described gap between teaching and learning I worked out a method called ‘doc.post,’ that serves both teaching and learning. It impacts teaching observation and evaluation and reveals students’ learning processes and insights at once. This paper is the first result of my ruminations on how to harmonize teaching and learning and consists of six parts. Before introducing the currently developed method ‘doc.post’, I have given a more general comment on academic teaching and the creation of ‘doc.post’ as a result of my own teaching and learning processes at universities. This is followed by few a words on the theoretical and analytical frame that ‘doc.post’ has been built on. I then explore how to use and when to apply the ‘doc.post’ in academic teaching and learning. Finally I summarize the extent of resources ‘doc.post’ requires and in which case it is worth using. If readers are interested in further details, there is additional information on practicing ‘doc.post’ aligned to empirical data at the very end of this paper.

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Fridborg, Esther. "Estetiska lärprocesser genom lärares ögon : Lärares uppfattning av estetiska lärprocesser i ämnet svenska." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47048.

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Enligt läroplanen ska elever få möjlighet att lära sig genom estetiska uttrycksformer (Skolverket, 2018, s.10). Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om lågstadielärares uppfattningar av estetiska lärprocesser i relation till ämnet svenska. För att besvara studien har följande två frågeställningar formulerats: Vad uppfattar lärare att estetiska lärprocesser innebär i svenskundervisning? Hur uppfattar lärare att estetiska lärprocesser används i svenskundervisning? Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra lärare. Studien baseras på fenomenografisk ansats och utifrån analys framträdde fyra beskrivningskategorier: estetiska lärprocesser som delaktighetsstödjande, estetiska lärprocesser som inlärningsstöd, estetiska lärprocesser som komplement i undervisning och estetiska lärprocesser som svåra att genomföra. Resultatet visar att estetiska lärprocesser kan vara ett redskap för att elever ska nå mål i ämnet svenska. Samtidigt visar resultatet att lärare har behov av kompetensutveckling för att estetiska lärprocesser kunna ska planeras och genomföras i svenskundervisningen. Slutsatsen är att studien har bidragit med en bild av vad lärare uppfattar att estetiska lärprocesser är och hur de utifrån sin uppfattning valt att praktisera estetiska lärprocesser i sin svenskundervisning. The curriculum states that students should have the opportunity to learn through aesthetic expressions (Skolverket, 2018, s.10). The aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge about primary teachers’ pedagogical perceptions of the aesthetic learning processes related to the subject of Swedish language. This study attends to two research questions: What do teachers perceive that aesthetic learning processes are in the teaching of Swedish language? How do teachers perceive that they use aesthetic learning processes when teaching the Swedish language? The collection of data was accomplished through semi-structured interviews with four primary teachers. The study has been inspired by the phenomenography. The result of the study is divided into four categories: aesthetic learning processes as participation support, aesthetic learning processes as learning support, aesthetic learning processes as a complementary part in teaching and aesthetic learning processes as difficult to implement. The results show that aesthetic learning processes may help pupils attain the intended learning outcomes of the subject Swedish. At the same time, the results show that the teachers need competence development in order to be able to plan and support aesthetic learning processes when teaching Swedish. The conclusion is that this study has contributed with an idea of what teachers perceive that aesthetic learning processes are and how they, against this background, choose to practice it in their own teaching in the Swedish subject.

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Šliažas, Artūras. "Pažintinių procesų koregavimas taikant interaktyviojo mokymosi strategijas aštuntų – devintų klasių matematikos ir muzikos pamokose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060820_164119-63780.

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Life alteration stipulates the changing of education ideas, the search of new teaching and learning theories and methods is going on. For a contempory pupil it is not enough to have only formal knowledge and abilities. He/she must become an initiative person having a critical way of thinking and being able to work and create in this constantly changing world. A modern person should be able to learn continually and improve himself/herself as well as his/her activities. From this point of view it is important to understand that studies for each person are not over when he finishes school or any other educational institution, he is an active learner in everyday life and activities. In order to estimate our unique experience, to improve our knowledge and to see what else we need for our improvement we must master modern methods of active teaching which deliberately help to plan learning activity. Such learning activity should be full of sense. In the documents regulating the content of education at comprehensive schools in Lithuania the constructive direction of education is encouraged, the creation of the system of valuable rules is underlined, the importance of educating different kinds of abilities is mentioned, by various methods teachers are stimulated to encourage pupils’ self-dependence and to create auspicious conditions for this at the lessons. Searching to combine these two spheres it is relevant to encourage cognitive processes employing interactive learning strategies... [to full text]

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Candondolo, Canhinguiquine Perfeito. "O processo de transição do ensino para a monodocência nas 5º e 6º classes no município de Saurimo: o caso das escolas primárias nº 14 do Candembe I, missão Masculina nº 2 e nº 8, 28 de Agosto de Txucumina." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21961.

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A monodocência pode ser observada em diversos contextos sociais e nas organizações educacionais, neste contexto, o processo de transição do ensino para a monodocência em relação à 5ª e 6ª classes, no Município de Saurimo afirma-se com uma mudança na forma do Sistema Educativo angolano. A implementação do projeto foi oportuna, mas os resultados que o processo tem apresentado não são satisfatórios, de acordo com os pressupostos da Lei de Bases concebidos pelo Ministério de Educação. Para o Município de Saurimo e para as escolas que serviram de objeto nesta pesquisa, a monodocência não se faz sentir tal como está regulamentada, devido a vários constrangimentos que o processo atravessa, desde a sua implementação, experimentação até à fase de generalização. Quanto à metodologia utilizada, à análise, às técnicas e procedimentos tidos em conta para a recolha dos dados da presente investigação optámos por aplicar um inquérito por questionário ao grupo alvo, registamos um certo fracasso relativamente à má qualidade no ensino-aprendizagem das crianças. E em relação às conclusões e recomendações finais, o processo de facto é um projeto que foi muito bem concebido, mas o seu incumprimento e as assimetrias entre as escolas, regiões e Províncias de acordo com a Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo angolano faz com que o processo em si não tenha êxitos e não se concretizem integralmente os objetivos propostos. Para além da formação específica dos professore, das infraestruturas condignas do material didático e não só. Julgamos que todas essas dificuldades afloradas, tanto pelo Diretor Provincial de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia da Lunda-Sul, os Diretores e dos professores das respetivas Escola, o Executivo, os Governos Provinciais e outros atores envolvidos no processo tudo têm de fazer para se dar resposta ou minimizar esses obstáculos que o processo atravessa, visando a melhoria da qualidade de ensino no país; ABSTRAT: The Transition Process of Teaching for Monodocence in the 5th and 6th Classes in the Municipality of Saurimo: The Case of Primary Schools no. 14 of Candembe I, Men's Mission Nº 2 and nº8, August 28, Txucumina. The monodocence can be observed in several social contexts and in educational organizations, in this context, the process of transition from teaching to monodocence in relation to the 5th and 6th classes, in the Municipality of Saurimo is affirmed with a change in the form of the Angolan Education System . The implementation of the project was timely, but the results that the process has presented are not satisfactory, according to the assumptions of the Basic Law designed by the Ministry of Education. For the municipality of Saurimo and for the schools that served as object in this research, the monodocence does not feel as regulated, due to several constraints that the process goes from its implementation, experimentation until the generalization phase. Regarding the methodology used, the analysis, techniques and procedures taken for the collection of the data of the present investigation, we opted to apply a questionnaire survey to the target group, we have a certain failure regarding the poor quality in teaching-learning of children. And in relation to the final conclusions and recommendations, the de facto process is a project that was well conceived, but its noncompliance and the asymmetries between schools, regions and Provinces according to the Basic Law of the Angolan Educational System the process itself is not successful and the proposed objectives are not fully realized. In addition to the specific training of teachers, the appropriate infrastructure of teaching materials and more. We believe that all these difficulties arise, both by the Provincial Director of Science and Technology Education of Lunda-Sul, the Directors and the teachers of the respective School, the Executive, the Provincial Governments and other actors involved in the process, all have to do to respond or to minimize these obstacles that the process crosses, aiming at improving the quality of education in the country.

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Vallabh, Priya. "How policy discourses and contextual realities influence environmental teaching and learning processes in early childhood development: a case study of the Raglan Road child care centre." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003441.

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This case study considers the relationship between context, school policy and environmental teaching and learning processes at a community-based early childhood development centre in South Africa. The study recognises that educational practices in the early childhood development field are shaped by historical, cultural, economic and political realities at both local and national levels. It is from the understanding that each school is a unique composition of these shaping factors that the research was designed to consider the community-based school participating in this study. By compiling a contextual profile, this study attempts to consider dominant contextual factors affecting the school. Through the critical discourse analysis of a school policy document, this study considers local level policy, and through the literature chapter, national policy. Teacher interviews provide insight into teacher understanding of school policy in response to contextual issues, as well as providing insight into how teachers perceive their translation of policy into teaching practice. Observations of lessons in the centre provided an. opportunity to see how context and policy translated into and influenced environmental teaching and learning processes. This study looks at how environmental education is addressed in the Raglan Road Child Care Centre, and provides insight into how environmental education within the context of the school and in relation to school policy may be strengthened. It comments on the tensions and ambivalences arising from the relationships between context, policy and environmental teaching and learning processes and makes recommendations to address these ambivalences in ways that are contextually relevant. The main recommendations were designed to be practically useful for the school involved in the study and are focused around engaging the ambivalences emerging from this study to open up 'spaces' for deliberating environmental teaching and learning processes and other tensions arising out of the study at an ECD level. Recommendations included: 1) engaging with the strong development focus in school policy and the educational focus in national policy and teacher discourse; 2) deliberating the ways in which school policy and national policy respond to risk; 3) engaging with the ambivalence in the school-parent relationship; 4) the re-alignment of the explicit curriculum and broadening the contextually-based view of whole child development; and 5) engaging the ambivalence in approaches to education at the centre.

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Piguave, Pérez Vicenta Rocío. "Importance of creativity development for Commercial Engineering career students from the teaching-learning process." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116853.

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The objective of this work is to place the importance of creativity development for students into university contexts, therefore a diagnosis of the issue is presented in the students who aspire to reach higher levels of personal development and emotional health in social environments increasingly complex and competitive, to the demands of the entrepreneurial sector towards professionals in order to solve in an original and independent way, the decision-making processes, products and innovative services generation that solve problems on the field as a way to improvetheir quality of life. This study was conducted with students from «Universidad Laica Eloy Alfarode Manabí» in the career of Commercial Engineering, through a survey and additionally interviews were conducted to professors to supplement the information gathered by the survey. The synthesis of the results and recommendations are presented for routing teaching tasks placing the professor as the main promoter ofcreativity from the learning process. El objetivo del trabajo es situar la importancia del desarrollo de la creatividad paralos alumnos en contextos universitarios, por lo que se presenta un diagnóstico del tema en los estudiantes que aspiran alcanzar niveles superiores de desarrollo personal y de bienestar emocional en entornos sociales cada vez más complejos y competitivos, ante las exigencias del sector empresarial a los profesionales para solucionar de una manera original e independiente los procesos de toma de decisiones, generación de productos y servicios innovadores que les permitan resolver los problemas del medio, como una forma de elevar su calidad de vida. Este estudio se realizó con estudiantes de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí en la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial a través de una encuesta, y adicionalmente se realizó entrevistas a docentes para complementar la información recogida por la encuesta. Se presenta la síntesis de los resultados así como recomendaciones para encaminar tareas docentes, situándolo como el principal promotor de la creatividad desde el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.

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Lima, Silene Jucelino de. "Aprendizagem cooperativa: um experimento no ensino de contabilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-14022013-131422/.

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Devido à grande discrepância entre os métodos de ensino atuais e a forma como ocorre a atuação profissional do contador, destaca-se a necessidade de estudar métodos que estimulem a interação social e facilitem a cooperação entre os estudantes. Neste cenário, a presente pesquisa dedica-se ao estudo da aprendizagem cooperativa, tema já consolidado no ensino de inúmeras disciplinas de nível secundário, porém recente no ensino superior de contabilidade e com resultados ainda controversos. O objetivo principal é avaliar se a utilização da aprendizagem cooperativa proporciona melhoria na aprendizagem dos alunos de Ciências Contábeis. Para isso, foram escolhidos dois níveis das habilidades intelectuais mais elevadas da taxonomia de Bloom: aplicação e análise. O referencial teórico se baseia na literatura sobre aprendizagem cooperativa, taxonomia de Bloom, estilos de aprendizagem e o problema de gerenciamento de conflitos em grupos conhecido como \"Paradoxo de Abilene\". O experimento foi realizado em uma turma do 1º semestre do curso noturno de Ciências Contábeis da FEA-USP. A amostra inicial era composta por 43 alunos e a final por 36. Os alunos foram divididos em dois grupos: experimental (aprendizagem cooperativa) e controle (aprendizagem individual), utilizando amostragem aleatória estratificada. Os critérios de estratificação foram: 1º) nota parcial em Contabilidade Introdutória; 2º) gênero; 3º) estilo de aprendizagem e; 4º) faixa etária e experiência. Os dois grupos responderam às mesmas questões, porém a turma de controle respondeu individualmente e a turma experimental, em grupos heterogêneos de quatro a cinco indivíduos. Os dados coletados foram analisados utilizando a análise de covariância (ANCOVA) para a categoria aplicação e análise de variância (ANOVA) para a categoria análise. Contrariando as expectativas, os resultados não apuraram diferenças significativas no desempenho dos alunos nas duas categorias. Ao final do estudo, são discutidas as percepções dos alunos sobre a experiência, limitações e sugestões para pesquisas futuras sobre o tema. Due to the large discrepancy between the current learning methods and how is the performance of the professional accountant, stands out the need to study methods that encourage social interaction and facilitate cooperation among students. In this scenario, the present research is devoted to the study of cooperative learning, a topic already consolidated in teaching numerous courses at the secondary level. However, this is recent in higher education accounting and the results are still controversial. The main objective is to evaluate whether the use of cooperative learning provides improvement in student learning in accounting science. For this, we chose two levels of higher intellectual skills of Bloom\'s taxonomy: application and analysis. The theoretical framework is based on the literature on cooperative learning, Bloom\'s taxonomy, learning styles and the problem of conflict management in groups known as \"Abilene Paradox\". The experiment was conducted in a 1st semester of the night course of accounting from FEA-USP. The initial sample was composed of 43 students and end by 36. Students were divided into two groups: experimental (cooperative learning) and control (individual learning), using stratified random sampling. The stratification criteria were: 1) partial score in Introductory Accounting, 2) gender, 3) learning style and, 4) age and experience. Both groups answered the same questions, but the control group answered individually and the experimental group in heterogeneous groups of four to five individuals. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for category application and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for category analysis. Contrary to expectations, no significant differences were cleared in the student performance of cooperative learning in relation to individual learning in both categories. At the end of the study, it was discussed the perceptions of students about the experience, limitations are and suggestions for the future research on the topic.

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Schäfer, Stefanie [Verfasser], Christina [Akademischer Betreuer] Seidel, and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Prenzel. "Pre-service teachers' cognitive learning processes with regard to specific teaching and learning components in the context of professional vision : A mixed-methods exploration / Stefanie Schäfer. Gutachter: Christina Seidel ; Manfred Prenzel. Betreuer: Christina Seidel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054419914/34.

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Lopes, Sergio Francisco Sargo Ferreira. "O uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação no Ensino Superior: os impactos nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4922.

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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Docência e Gestão da Educação As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) estão profundamente relacionadas com a maioria das atividades humanas, seja no meio profissional ou acadêmico, as TIC trazem como ferramenta, enormes vantagens, e otimizam as atividades diárias de maneira muito eficiente se empregadas adequadamente. É tal a importância das TIC na sociedade atual e no meio acadêmico, que essas vêm sendo amplamente estudadas e analisadas por pesquisadores universitários de diversas áreas acadêmicas, em função das transformações que as TIC causam nas atividades profissionais no interior das indústrias, e principalmente na Educação. No contexto da Educação, principalmente no ensino superior, a utilização das TIC está profundamente disseminada, sejam nos recursos tecnológicos utilizados no ensino presencial, como nos utilizados na Educação a Distância (EaD), tendo este último crescido exponencialmente nos últimos anos, principalmente na oferta de cursos de graduação e pós-graduação das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) do Brasil. Na atualidade observamos uma enorme variedade de recursos disponibilizados pelas TIC, oferecidos aos professores e alunos, o que vem notadamente exigindo uma rápida adaptabilidade por parte de ambos, obrigando-os de certa forma, a se ajustar em suas atividades pedagógicas, principalmente nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. O mundo tecnológico atual exige muito dos professores, exigindo um constante aperfeiçoamento profissional frente às novas tecnologias, destacadamente as computacionais, conhecimentos esses que vão muito além de suas áreas de formação, colocando os professores numa situação de aprender e reaprender constantes. Dentro desse contexto, o presente trabalho tem por finalidade realizar um estudo de caso no Centro de Educação Técnica e Tecnológica Álvares de Azevedo (CETTAA), mantenedora de diversas faculdades do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, junto aos professores das diversas áreas de conhecimento, investigando como esses estão se adaptando com a constante evolução das TIC, e quais os impactos positivos e/ou negativos que as TIC vem causando nos processos e metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem utilizados no ensino presencial e no ensino-à-distância (EaD). The Information and Comunication Technology (ICT) is deeply related to most human activities. Either at the professional or at the academic world, ICT, as a tool, provides huge advantages, and, if properly used, those tools optimize our daily activities in a very special way. The importance of ICT is so high nowadays both in society and in the academic environment that it has been studied and analysed by university researchers from various academic areas, and that happens due to the transformations ICT brings to the professional activities inside the taken industries, and mainly in the Educational sector. Considering the Educational sector, mainly at the highest levels, ICT’s use is highly disseminated both when needed for developping the technological resources used during the classes taken and during the distance learning. This last way of teaching has become extremely more frequent lately mainly considering the offer of graduation and post graduation courses at the Institutions of Superior Courses (IES) in Brazil. We notice, nowadays, that a great variety of resources has been offered by ICT to teachers and students and that this has demanded a quick adaptability of both groups. Due to this fact, they are somehow obliged to adjust their pedagogical activities, mainly on teaching-learning processes. At this moment in history, the technological world demands a lot from teachers and a constant knowledge increasing regarding the new acquisitions in the different áreas of studies, leads teachers to a situation of constant learning and perfecting knowledge on different areas. This goes, then, beyond their specific áreas of studies. Considering this context, this piece of work has the purpose of making a subject study at the Centro de Educação Técnica e Tecnológica Álvares Penteado (CETTAA), which maintains several colleges in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, with teachers in different areas of knowledge. It will investigate how they are adapting to the constant evolution of TIC and the positive and/or negative impact the ICT’s have been causing on the processes and the methodologies of teaching-learning used on the premises and distance learning.

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Alsaeed, Maha Saad. "Teacher Knowledge That Supports Student Processes in Learning Mathematics: A Study at All-Female Middle Schools in Saudi Arabia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1336411716.

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Cruz, Jaqueline Zdebski da Silva. "O ensino da matemática nas escolas do campo de Cascavel: articulação entre conhecimento cientifico e contexto matemático do cotidiano discente." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3625.

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Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-10T17:21:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Jaqueline Zdebski Da Silva Cruz.pdf: 1188135 bytes, checksum: bd5a78ce47f0307f62d98595feaf3493 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T17:21:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jaqueline Zdebski Da Silva Cruz.pdf: 1188135 bytes, checksum: bd5a78ce47f0307f62d98595feaf3493 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES This essay describes a research envolving the Mathematics teachers working on nine State Country Schools on Cascavel Municipality, aiming to analise the articulation between the mathematical school knowledge and everyday mathematical knowledge. It takes as reference the Country Education Directive, document which presents the curricular procedures to Paraná State, and defends the necessity of specific pedagogic practices to this educational modality. This work aims to understand if it occurs, as it occurs and which the teachers intend when they do this articulation between different knowledge. It intends also identify if the initiative of articulating those distinctive knowledge are related to elements as: how long teachers are teaching in Country Schools, knowledge of pupil reality, knowledge of the school identity expressed on its Pedagogic Political Project and knowledge of Country Education Directives. The necessity of to answering those questions gave a methodological direction to the process of data collected, which occurred by semistructured interviews during the first semester of 2012, envolving all the 19 State School Country Math teachers in Cascavel Municipality. Data were analyzed by Content Analysis proposed by Bardin, and it was concluded that only the school extra knowledge about the pupil’s reality was relevant to articulate math and everyday context, as all teachers who know this reality do this articulation by any way and all teachers that do not do this articulation do not know such reality. Besides, data showed this articulation in 69% of the situations, but envolving different contextualization concepts. Esta dissertação buscou uma aproximação dos docentes de matemática das nove Escolas Estaduais do Campo do Município de Cascavel - Pr com o objetivo de compreender como acontece no ensino da Matemática a articulação entre o conhecimento matemático escolar e o conhecimento matemático do cotidiano do aluno. Toma como referência as Diretrizes da Educação do Campo, documento orientador do currículo para a Educação do Campo em todo o Paraná e que defende a necessidade de práticas pedagógicas específicas para esta modalidade educacional. Este trabalho objetivou compreender se ocorre, como se desenvolve e quais os objetivos dos docentes ao realizarem essa articulação entre conhecimentos matemáticos distintos. Buscou ainda identificar se a iniciativa de articular esses diferentes conhecimentos possui alguma relação com os seguintes elementos: tempo de magistério em escolas do campo, conhecimento da realidade discente, conhecimento da identidade da escola expressa no seu Projeto Político Pedagógico e conhecimento das Diretrizes da Educação do Campo. A necessidade de responder a estas questões direcionou metodologicamente a coleta dos dados para a realização de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas que ocorreram no primeiro semestre de 2012, envolvendo todos os dezenove professores de Matemática das Escolas Estaduais do Campo do município de Cascavel. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin e concluiu-se que apenas o conhecimento da realidade extraescolar discente exerce influência na prática docente de articular matemática e o contexto do cotidiano, uma vez que todos que o conhecem articulam-no de alguma forma ao ensino da matemática enquanto que todos os que não articulam o desconhecem. Identificou-se, ainda, que a articulação ocorre em cerca de 69% dos casos, porém funda-se em diferentes concepções de contextualização.

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Hoffmann, Patricia Anne. "Reviewing the use of environmental audits for environmental learning in school contexts: a case study of environmental auditing processes within a professional development course." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003630.

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This case study focuses on the use of environmental audits for learning, by teachers participating in the Schools and Sustainability professional development course in Durban, South Africa. It reviews ways in which audits were choreographed and used for lessons within school contexts. It explores ways in which audits shaped meaning-making interactions and environmental learning processes. This is an interpretive case study, characterized by a moderate realist perspective. Data were generated through interviews with teachers, field observations, photographs, document analysis, and group interviews with learners. Data were analyzed using the general comparative method. The research takes place in the context of educational transformation in South Africa. Some of the challenges accompanying the shift to Outcomes Based Education seem to be associated with naïve interpretations of constructivism and a view of reality as socially constructed and relative. This seems to have influenced ways in which audits are being undertaken in school contexts. This study argues that a realist orientation to auditing may be a more useful process for engaging with the world and enhancing the way learners perceive and respond to environmental risk. Ideas about reality-congruence and the interacting processes of involvement and detachment are of central importance in understanding processes of knowledge construction and meaning making in this study. The study draws on the work of Elias (1987) and Latour (1999) to shed light on the significance of auditing processes in which a close engagement with reality, coupled with a measure of detachment, can lead to the construction of a more reality-congruent account and a more realistic assessment of the environmental issue in focus. Key findings of the study suggest that the effectiveness of environmental auditing as a pedagogical process was influenced by the teachers’ intentions, knowledge and skills, choreography of the audit, nature of the teaching and learning interactions, and ways in which teachers and learners engaged with the findings. The study recommends that auditing activities should be carefully structured and mediated by teachers to be meaningful and to enable learners to identify environmental issues, gather data, engage in critical reflection and deliberate appropriate responses for social and environmental transformation.

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Iijima, Danieli Winck. "Rotinas nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/882.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:17:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1Danieli Winck Iijima.pdf: 1847560 bytes, checksum: 8d14197739931044fcda5790f64526d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 Considering school as an institution responsible for ensuring new generations to acquisition of knowledge historically constructed by mankind was sought, with this research to understand the routines in the teaching and learning processes in the early years of elementary school. We understand routine as those daily, repetitive and regular activities that occur in a particular quotidian, seeking organize it. Was held, in addition to a literature search, which sought to embrace the main authors who discuss this subject: Barbosa (2000), Cavasin (2008), Rodrigues (2009) and Lima (2010), an ethnographic study spanning two municipal schools in the region of Cascavel city. The fieldwork, whose data were collected through observation, using the cursive register technique, aimed to describe the pedagogical activities in the early years of elementary school, focusing on routines. In Phase I, it was observed for three days, the first and second year of elementary of two schools, totaling 48 hours. So it was decided, in phase II, concentrating the 48 hours of observation in a single class. Found a predominance of routines totaling between 52 and 72 percent of other educational activities in school life. Based on observations, the routines were classified as related to the organization of time, space, compliance with school rules and structuring of content. Considering the high frequency of the routines in the pedagogical process, emphasizes the importance of giving them the same treatment given to other activities developed by the teacher, planning them intentionally. Dialogues in the sense that, by targeting the formative aspect in education, routines can be constituted both an educational category that contributes to students learn the scientific knowledge, which process, school is responsible; as unlike can characterize an activity that hinders the learning process, making it uninteresting and boring, if not planned and diversified. Ao considerar a escola como instituição responsável por garantir às novas gerações a apropriação dos conhecimentos historicamente construídos pela humanidade, buscou-se, com esta pesquisa compreender as rotinas presentes nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Entendem-se como rotinas aquelas atividades diárias, repetitivas e regulares que ocorrem em um determinado cotidiano, buscando organizá-lo. Realizou-se, além de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que buscou abarcar os principais autores que discutem essa temática: Barbosa (2000), Cavasin (2008), Rodrigues (2009) e Lima (2010), uma pesquisa etnográfica abrangendo duas escolas municipais da região de Cascavel. A pesquisa de campo, cujos dados foram coletados por meio da observação, utilizando a técnica do Registro Cursivo, objetivou descrever as atividades pedagógicas desenvolvidas nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, com foco nas rotinas. Na fase I, observou-se durante três dias, o primeiro e o segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental de duas escolas, totalizando 48 horas. Optou-se, então, na fase II, por concentrar às 48 horas de observação em uma única turma. Constatou-se o predomínio das rotinas totalizando entre 52 e 72 por cento das demais atividades pedagógicas desenvolvidas no cotidiano escolar. Com base nas observações realizadas, as rotinas foram classificadas como referentes à organização do tempo, do espaço, ao cumprimento das normas escolares e à estruturação dos conteúdos. Considerando-se a alta frequência das rotinas no processo pedagógico, ressalta-se a importância de se dar a elas o mesmo tratamento atribuído às demais atividades desenvolvidas pelo professor, planejando-as intencionalmente. Dialoga-se no sentido de que, ao visar o aspecto formativo na educação, as rotinas podem constituir-se tanto em uma categoria educativa que contribua para que os alunos apropriem-se dos conhecimentos científicos por cujo processo a escola é responsável, quanto ao contrário, podem caracterizar uma atividade que dificulta o processo de aprendizagem, tornando-o desinteressante e enfadonho, caso não sejam planejadas e diversificadas.

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Callegari, Jean Hugo. "Robótica educativa com crianças/jovens : processos sociocognitivos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1091.

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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal compreender como se manifestam os processos sociocognitivos quando os sujeitos são provocados a desenvolver atividades em oficinas de Robótica Educativa, articulada aos pressupostos da Ética Hacker, do Construtivismo e do Construcionismo. Para dar conta do objetivo, valeu-se de oficinas que utilizaram os recursos dos sistemas de montagem e motores da LEGO®, do Scratch e do Arduino, em um estudo de caso, de caráter exploratório, atuando como facilitador, e pesquisador. Das oficinas participaram seis crianças/jovens, de 11 a 13 anos, pertencentes ao projeto Mais Educação, de uma escola da serra Gaúcha. O Método Clínico de Piaget foi inspirador das intervenções, durante as oficinas, e suporte para a análise de dados, possibilitando o surgimento de um eixo de autoanálise do pesquisador. Mesmo que entremeados por movimentos de coação e conformismo, a análise dos dados apresenta indícios do estabelecimento de processos de cooperação, intelectual e moral, nos momentos em que os sujeitos tiveram seus interesses e saberes respeitados. Os resultados indicam que a utilização da Robótica Educativa, em um ambiente de trabalho em equipe, através da autogovernância, pode ser fator de promoção da construção de novos saberes e é capaz de contribuir para preparação do sujeito para a vida em sociedade, respeitando o outro. As atividades, atrativas por assumir a forma de entretenimento, podem auxiliar na formação de sujeitos ativos na construção de novos saberes, de ordem intelectual e moral. Para concluir, apresenta-se alguns princípios para o esenvolvimento de atividades com Robótica Educativa, em ressonância com os preceitos aqui defendidos. Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-01-27T17:13:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jean Hugo Callegari.pdf: 3581631 bytes, checksum: 1e5752459168e0ee366fa9a44e0c382c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T17:13:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jean Hugo Callegari.pdf: 3581631 bytes, checksum: 1e5752459168e0ee366fa9a44e0c382c (MD5) This research had as its main goal understand how the sociocognitive processes take place when the subjects are engaged in some activities in workshops of Educational Robotics, linked to theoretical precepts according to Hacker Ethics, Constructivism and Constructionism. In order to achieve that goal, workshops held using LEGO®, Scratch and Arduino motors and assembling resources were analyzed in an exploratory case study, where the author acted as a advising professor, provoker, and researcher. Subjects in the workshops were 11 to 13 years old, participating in the Brazilian educational project known as “Mais Educação” at a school in the northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul during their off-school period. Piaget’s Clinical Method was the intervention method during the workshops, as well as the data analysis method, making it possible for the researcher’s self-analysis to emerge. Even though data are interweaved by movements of coercion and conformism, data analysis signalizes the establishment of intellectual and moral cooperation processes, in moments when subjects had their interests and knowledge respected. The voluntary construction of the story “M’s Dream” and the signs of empowerment observed in a few subjects indicate that using Educational Robotics, in an environment favoring teamwork, by selfgovernment, can be a factor promoting the construction of new knowledge and that can contribute for the preparation of the subject for life in society, respecting the other. The activities, attractive because they are shaped as entertainment, can help in the education of subjects that are active in the construction of new knowledge, both of intellectual and moral nature. In the conclusion, some principles for the development of activities with Educational Robotics, which are consonant with the precepts supporting this study, are presented.

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Piazzoli, Erika Caterina. "Navigating the Labyrinth: A Study of Engagement and Artistry in Process Drama for Additional Language Teaching and Learning." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365439.

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In this reflective practitioner research I investigate process drama for additional language teaching and learning (AL/process drama). In particular, I examine two constructs relevant to AL/process drama aesthetics: ‘learner engagement’ and ‘teacher artistry’. To explore these constructs I draw on three case studies, developed within two adult schools of Italian (AL) and a university, in Milan, Italy. As teacher/researcher, I designed and facilitated a series of process drama workshops for each context, resulting in 45 hours of video-recorded material. I kept a reflective journal (written in English) and a logbook (written in Italian) where I recorded my reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. As a translingual researcher, I deliberately switched between languages, in an attempt to capture different nuances and better understand my attitudes and beliefs towards AL/process drama teaching. Within each case, I worked with a group of up to 16 international students of Italian (AL) at an intermediate level of proficiency (student-participants) and up to seven teachers (teacher-participants) who observed the workshops and took notes on the learners’ engagement. Both students and teacher-participants took part in individual and focus group interviews. At the end of each workshop, student-participants were invited to choose a specific moment from the drama and self-evaluate their engagement. These moments informed the selection of video extracts that were later used within video-stimulated recall interviews. The ‘learner engagement’ construct was explored through the Vygotskyan lens of ‘felt-experience’ (perezhivanie) in which individuals perceive, feel, interpret, internalise, and re-create meaning through a cognitive, affective and social investment. I analysed the nature of engagement from a sociocultural perspective, across three domains: Second Language Acquisition (SLA), Intercultural Education and Aesthetic Learning. The analysis revealed that the nature of learner engagement in the SLA domain seems to appear and manifest as a cycle of ‘perception-in-action’. Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) School of Education and Professional Studies Arts, Education and Law Full Text

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Silva, Vânia Regina de Vasconcelos Reis e. "Os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem no curso de Direito." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-10102013-160100/.

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O problema da aprendizagem, hoje, vem sendo elaborado a partir do cruzamento de tendências determinadas por imposições mercadológicas, de um lado, e necessidades científico-pedagógicas de outro. Nesse conflito, ideias tradicionais a respeito do assunto têm sido questionadas por meio de pontos de vista às vezes radicalmente desviantes, como é o caso dos estudos desenvolvidos pelo Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas Subjetividade e Educação (GEPSEd), do qual resulta o presente trabalho. A ênfase desta pesquisa foi colocada na micropolítica em andamento nas atividades em sala de aula, e não apenas na macropolítica estruturada pelas diretrizes governamentais impostas no cenário da educação superior de Direito. Desse modo, é no contato direto com a rotina diária da vida acadêmica que buscamos sentir suas microrrelações e a movimentação de seus territórios mal delimitados. É aí que correm os desejos, e onde podemos vislumbrar momentos, situações e encontros que favorecem o aprendizado, visto aqui não como aquisição e armazenamento de saberes já cristalizados, mas como atividade criadora em que o professor participa como intercessor: aquele que apresenta signos catalisadores da eclosão do aprendizado como atividade criadora, e não recognitiva. O trabalho tem como objetivo geral investigar as concepções dos alunos sobre as condições de ensino e aprendizagem no curso de Direito e observações das condições que favoreçam e desfavoreçam a aprendizagem dentro da sala de aula. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma faculdade de Direito particular da região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo etnográfico, que contou com a observação participante, entrevistas formais e informais e análise de documentos. Os resultados obtidos foram agrupados em grandes conjuntos de categorias: aspectos institucionais, sala de aula, atividades extracurriculares, lazer, avaliação e dados obtidos por meio de questionário. Assim, foi possível verificar que as situações favorecedoras da aprendizagem são aquelas que aumentam a potência de agir dos alunos, promovendo afecções alegres e momentos de relaxamento, como atuações dinâmicas e encenações em sala de aula. A pesquisa revelou, ainda, que as situações inibidoras são maioria, promovendo afecções que diminuem a potência de agir dos alunos e inibem a ocorrência do aprendizado, como aulas dadas de uma mesma maneira, tom monótono e leitura excessiva de códigos legais, favorecedoras da passividade dos alunos. Por outro lado, a pesquisa mostrou também que, mesmo em situações pouco potencializadoras da aprendizagem, em que as afecções tristes estão presentes por quase todo o tempo, os alunos encontram linhas de fuga para o aprendizado, seja com alguns poucos professores, seja com eles mesmos em ajuda mútua. The problem with learning, today, is being elaborated from the crossing of tendencies determined by marketing impositions, on one side, and scientific-pedagogic needs on the other. In this context, the traditional ideas regarding this subject have been questioned by points of view sometimes radically deviant, as it is the case of the studies developed by Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas Subjetividade e Educação (GEPSEd), from which comes the present work. The emphasis of the research was put in the ongoing micro-politics in activities in the classroom, opposed to the macro-politics structured by governmental directives imposed on the Law higher education scenery. Thus, it\'s in the direct contact with the daily routine of academic life that we intend to feel its micro-relations and the movement of its badly delimited territories. It is there where desires run, and we are able to notice moments, situations and encounters that favor the learning, seen here not as the acquisition and storage of already crystalized knowledge, but as the creator activity in which the professor participates as an intermediate: the one who lays the catalyst signs of the emerging of the learning as a creator activity, and not a recognizing one. The work has as a general objective, to investigate the conceptions of the students about the teaching and learning conditions in their Course of Law and observation of the conditions that favor the learning in the classroom. The research was carried out in a private Law School on the northeast region of the state of São Paulo. We opted for a qualitative research, of the ethnographic kind, which included participative observation, formal and informal interviews and document analysis. The results obtained were clustered in big category groups: institutional aspects, classroom, extracurricular activities, leisure, evaluation and data obtained through questionnaires. Thus, we found that the situations that favor learning are those that increase the active power of students, promoting cheerful affections and moments of relaxation, such as dynamic performances and drama in the classroom. The research showed also that most situations are inhibiting, promoting affections that diminish the active power of students and inhibit the occurrence of learning, such as classes taught in the same way, monotone tone and excessive legal codes reading, favoring passivity of students. On the other hand, research also showed that even in situations little empowering of learning, where sad affections are present for almost all the time, the students find lines of flight for learning, either with a few teachers, or with themselves in mutual aid.

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Santos, Lúcia Helena Pereira dos. ""Estratégias e avaliação no processo ensino-aprendizagem e a postura do professor na educação profissional em enfermagem"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-16122005-111433/.

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Objetivamos levantar a opinião de alunos e professores sobre o significado de ser bom e mau professor; as estratégias de ensino e os critérios de avaliação utilizados nas aulas. Trabalhamos um estudo qualitativo usando a metodologia participativa mediada pela Pesquisa-Ação. Investigamos 47 sujeitos (12 professores e 35 alunos) da educação profissional de nível técnico em enfermagem, de uma instituição mineira. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário e da observação participante. Após categorização efetuou-se a análise dos dados. A maioria dos educadores entrevistados referiu que bom professor é aquele que é aberto, responsável, facilitador, entre outros. E o mau professor, assume postura autoritária e adialógica. Já os alunos evidenciaram ser bom professor aquele que domina e sabe passar conteúdo e para o mau professor, o inverso. Professores e alunos destacaram a aula expositiva como a técnica mais utilizada em sala de aula e os alunos evidenciaram uso excessivo de retroprojetor para esse tipo de aula. Quanto ao processo de avaliação os professores demonstraram preocupação em contemplar várias modalidades avaliativas, e os alunos destacaram provas, trabalhos individuais e em grupo como as técnicas mais utilizadas. Sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas na sala de aula, os professores mencionaram o desinteresse, e os alunos enfatizaram a desmotivação nas aulas. A respeito do ensino à distância, professores e alunos revelaram conhecimento sobre essa modalidade de ensino. Os alunos revelaram necessidade de maior motivação na vida dos professores e no processo ensinoaprendizagem. Os resultados finais foram compartilhados com alunos e professores, explicitando que isso representaria o lançamento de uma semente, necessitando maior investimento na área, sobremaneira às complexas questões que se atrelam o processo ensinoaprendizagem e a relação professor-aluno. The goal of this research is to get students and professors opinions about waht means beeing a good or a bad teacher; learning strategies and evaluation criterias used on the classes. We used a qualitative research methods and a participative methodology in Action Research. We investigate 47 people (12 professores and 35 students) from a professional level education in nursing at an institution in Minas Gerais. The data were achieved by questionaries and participative observation. After categorizing the data we did the analysis. Most os the interviewed educators said that the caracteristics of a good professor are: openess, responsability, and among others that he has to be a facilitator of the learning process. And a bad professor is authoritarian and not able to stabilish a good dialog. On the other hand, the students said that a good professor is the one who dominates the class and knows how to explain the subject and the bad one doesnt do any of those. Professors and students detached the expositive class as the most used technique in the classroom and the students emphasized the excessive use of the overheadprojector on this kind of classes. About the evaluation process, the professors showed that they were worried about adding new evaluation modalities, and the students said that tests, individual and group work were the most used evaluation techniques. About the difficulties inside the classroom, the professors mentioned that one of them is the studentsseflessness and the students agreed that desmotivation is a problem in the classes. Professors and students said that they both have some knowledge about distance learning education. Students said that professors needed more motivation on their own lives and also on the teaching and learning process. The final results were shared with the students and professors, showing that this attitude would represent the beginning of a process which needs more attention, mainly those complex problems concerning teaching and learning process and the relation between professor and students.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Teaching and learning processes'

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