Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Teaching and Learning Sequences'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Teaching and Learning Sequences.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Chan, Hang. "The effectiveness of teaching methods incorporating formulaic sequences for foreign language oral fluency." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648794.
Full textClement, Benjamin. "Adaptive Personalization of Pedagogical Sequences using Machine Learning." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0373/document.
Full textCan computers teach people? To answer this question, Intelligent Tutoring Systems are a rapidly expanding field of research among the Information and Communication Technologies for the Education community. This subject brings together different issues and researchers from various fields, such as psychology, didactics, neurosciences and, particularly, machine learning. Digital technologies are becoming more and more a part of everyday life with the development of tablets and smartphones. It seems natural to consider using these technologies for educational purposes. This raises several questions, such as how to make user interfaces accessible to everyone, how to make educational content motivating and how to customize it to individual learners. In this PhD, we developed methods, grouped in the aptly-named HMABITS framework, to adapt pedagogical activity sequences based on learners' performances and preferences to maximize their learning speed and motivation. These methods use computational models of intrinsic motivation and curiosity-driven learning to identify the activities providing the highest learning progress and use Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms to manage the exploration/exploitation trade-off inside the activity space. Activities of optimal interest are thus privileged with the target to keep the learner in a state of Flow or in his or her Zone of Proximal Development. Moreover, some of our methods allow the student to make choices about contextual features or pedagogical content, which is a vector of self-determination and motivation. To evaluate the effectiveness and relevance of our algorithms, we carried out several types of experiments. We first evaluated these methods with numerical simulations before applying them to real teaching conditions. To do this, we developed multiple models of learners, since a single model never exactly replicates the behavior of a real learner. The simulation results show the HMABITS framework achieves comparable, and in some cases better, learning results than an optimal solution or an expert sequence. We then developed our own pedagogical scenario and serious game to test our algorithms in classrooms with real students. We developed a game on the theme of number decomposition, through the manipulation of money, for children aged 6 to 8. We then worked with the educational institutions and several schools in the Bordeaux school district. Overall, about 1000 students participated in trial lessons using the tablet application. The results of the real-world studies show that the HMABITS framework allows the students to do more diverse and difficult activities, to achieve better learning and to be more motivated than with an Expert Sequence. The results show that this effect is even greater when the students have the possibility to make choices
Fridley, Michael D. "A comparison of the effects of two learning sequences on the acquisition of music reading skills for the guitar: Traditional versus Kodaly-based." Scholarly Commons, 1993. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2618.
Full textMCDONALD, JUNE CLARKSON. "THE APPLICATION OF EDWIN GORDON'S EMPIRICAL MODEL OF LEARNING SEQUENCE TO TEACHING THE RECORDER." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184116.
Full textLlobet, Martí Bernat. "Analysis of the interactivity in a teaching and learning sequence with novice rugby players: the transfer of learning responsibility and control." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399791.
Full textAquesta tesi és una compilació de 3 articles, i l'objectiu principal és eñ mecanisme de traspàs de l'aprenentatge. El primer article explica el Rugby Attack Assessment Instrument, una eina que avalua el rendiment col·lectiuen el rugbi en una situació reduïda de 5x5, tenint en compte accions simples i comportaments tàctics més complexos. El segon article explica l'ús del Model Integrat Tècnic-Tàctic utilitzat durant la seqüència d'ensenyament i aprenentatge, i explica els resultats de l'aprenentatge d'aquesta seqüència. Els resultats en un nivell macro revelen que no hi ha millores significatives. Els resultats a nivell micro mostren un increment de la freqüència de determinats comportaments tàctics. El tercer article analitza la interactivitat entre els participants i el traspàs de la responsabilitat de l'aprenentatge de l'entrenador als jugadors. Les unitats d'anàlisi són els segments d'interactivitat. Els resultats mostren que aquest procés està lligat a un lleuger descens de la segmentació i principalment a un traspàs dels moments de reflexió des de segments específics de discussió cap a reflexions dutes a terme durant la pràctica guiada
Andersson, Roger. "Teaching and learning geometrical optics with computer assisted instruction : changing conceptions about vision, image and ray." Licentiate thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-720.
Full textThe information and communication technology, ICT, is opening new possibilities for the educational arena. Previous research shows that achieving positive educational outcomes requires more than simply providing access to computer hardware and software. How does this new technology affect the teaching and learning of physics? This thesis focuses on the field of geometrical optics. It reports two studies, both in Swedish upper secondary school. Important for the use of the ICT in physics education is the teaching strategy for using the new technology. The first study investigates with a questionnaire, how 37 teachers in a region of Sweden use computers in physics education and what intentions they follow while doing so. The results of this study show that teachers’ intentions for using ICT in their physics teaching were to increase students' interest for physics, to increase their motivation, to achieve variation in teaching, and to improve visualization and explanation of the phenomena of physics. The second study investigates students’ conceptual change in geometrical optics during a teaching sequence with computer-assisted instruction. For this purpose we choose the computer software "Constructing Physics Understanding (CPU)", which was developed with a base in research on students conceptions in optics. The thesis presents the teaching sequence developed together with the teacher. The study is based on a constructivist view of learning. The concepts analysed in this study were vision, image, ray and image formation. A first result of this study is a category system for conceptions around these concepts, found among the students. With these categories we found that students even at this level, of upper secondary school, have constructed well-known alternative conceptions before teaching, e.g. about a holistic conception of image. The results show also some learning progress: some alternative conceptions vanish, in some cases the physics conceptions are more often constructed after teaching. The students and the teacher also report that the CPU program gave new and useful opportunities to model multiple rays and to model vision.
Trask, Jill A. (Jill Ann). "The Effect of Sequencing Microeconomics and Macroeconomics on Learning." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330741/.
Full textWatt, Sarah Jean. "Teaching algebra-based concepts to students with learning disabilities: the effects of preteaching using a gradual instructional sequence." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2658.
Full textZambrano, Chaguendo Alfonso Claret. "The history of heat and temperature and its relationship to the design of a teaching sequence and to a student conceptual framework." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020207/.
Full textMazeti, Lucas Jesus Bettiol. "Sequência didática: uma alternativa para o ensino de acústica para o ensino médio." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8963.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T14:56:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MAZETI_Lucas_2017.pdf: 49007504 bytes, checksum: f3fdb82d0d60e3a579610f4b6e5baad9 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T14:56:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MAZETI_Lucas_2017.pdf: 49007504 bytes, checksum: f3fdb82d0d60e3a579610f4b6e5baad9 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T14:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MAZETI_Lucas_2017.pdf: 49007504 bytes, checksum: f3fdb82d0d60e3a579610f4b6e5baad9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10
Não recebi financiamento
The present work consists of a teaching learning sequence in the theme of Acoustics, built under the theory of significant learning of David Ausubel, to assist teachers in the teaching of Physics on this topic. The proposal was implemented in a high school class of Colégio Integrado Monteiro Lobato school in the city of Itu, in the interior of São Paulo. The analysis of the data was qualitative and tried to identify if there was significant learning on the part of the students about the content of the Acoustics, so that a significantly appropriation of the concepts of acoustics was observed at the end of the work. It is believed that this material is very flexible, facilitating the application of the classroom and adapting to the reality of the teacher, since it is assembled in modules, propitiating the use in a wide variety of environments.
O presente trabalho consiste em uma sequência didática no tema de Acústica, construída sob a teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel, para auxiliar os docentes no ensino da Física sobre esse tema. A proposta foi implementada em uma turma do ensino médio da escola Colégio Integrado Monteiro Lobato na cidade Itu, interior de São Paulo. A análise dos dados foi qualitativa e tentou identificar se houve aprendizagem significativa por parte dos alunos sobre o conteúdo da Acústica, de forma que se observou uma apropriação dos conceitos da acústica de forma significativa ao final do trabalho. Acredita-se que esse material é bastante flexível, facilitando a aplicação em sala de aula e adaptando-se à realidade do professor, uma vez que ele é montado em módulos, propiciando o uso numa grande variedade de ambientes.
Silva, Jacineide Virgínia Borges Oliveira da. "Produção textual: o gênero artigo de opinião através de sequências didáticas no ensino fundamental." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8924.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T14:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3639714 bytes, checksum: adb3916cd2a4801f7834e46b1f5d6306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-28
This action research emerged from the observation of the increasingly satisfactory yield in the written productions of the students of the 9th grade of Elementary School of a public, state school, located in the city of Pedras de Fogo – PB. On this context, we aim to ameliorate such problems present in our school context. Some studies have shown new forms and methods for a more effective process of teaching-learning of textual production. In this way, our objective is to make the students competent producers of texts, starting from a proposal of teaching about the discursive genre called opinion article, through didactic sequences. Thus, having as theoretical foundation the contributions brought by Bakhtin (2003) about the conception of genres, as well as the contributions of other researchers such as: Cavalcante (2013), Geraldi (1996), Koch and Elias (2015) about the same thematic, and our proposal of intervention was based on the scheme of didactic sequence proposed by Dolz; Noverraz; Schneuwly (2004). The corpus of the research was composed by the initial and final textual productions of the students, in the case six (6) initial with six (6) final, totalizing twelve (12) productions of the genre opinion article. On the initial productions, we were able to detect some of the students' inadequacies regarding the structure, the level of information and also to the adequacy to the cultured norm of the Portuguese Language, related to the production of this discursive genre and that were worked during the intervention with the didactic sequence. After this stage, the students had the opportunity to rewrite their texts following the guidelines given by the teacher, in order to adapt the texts to the structure of opinion article described by the authors mentioned above. Finally, was evident the effectiveness of the implementation of the didactic sequence, which contributed significantly to the development of communicative skills of the students, more specifically with regard to the written production of the genre of opinion article.
Esta pesquisa-ação surgiu da observação do rendimento cada vez menos satisfatório nas produções escritas dos estudantes do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública, estadual, localizada no município de Pedras de Fogo – PB. Neste sentido, buscamos meios para amenizar tais problemas presentes em nosso contexto escolar. Alguns estudos têm mostrado novas formas e métodos para um ensino-aprendizagem mais eficaz da produção textual. Dessa maneira, o nosso objetivo é tornar os alunos produtores competentes de textos, a partir de uma proposta de ensino do gênero discursivo artigo de opinião através de sequências didáticas e temos ainda como objetivos específicos: produzir o gênero artigo de opinião considerando as características sociodiscursivas; desenvolver a capacidade ou a habilidade de argumentar dos alunos; trabalhar, junto aos alunos, os problemas verificados na correção dos seus textos. Assim, desenvolvemos esta pesquisa, tendo como fundamentação teórica as contribuições trazidas por Bakhtin (2003) sobre a concepção de gêneros, bem como as contribuições de outros pesquisadores, tais como: Cavalcante (2013), Geraldi (1996), Koch e Elias (2015) sobre a temática, e nossa proposta de intervenção baseou-se no esquema de sequência didática proposto por Dolz; Noverraz; Schneuwly (2004). O corpus da pesquisa foi composto pelas produções textuais iniciais e finais dos alunos, no caso seis (6) iniciais com mais seis (6) finais, totalizando doze (12) produções do gênero artigo de opinião. Com as produções iniciais, pudemos detectar algumas inadequações dos alunos no que concerne à estrutura, ao grau de informatividade e à adequação à norma culta da Língua Portuguesa, relacionadas à produção desse gênero discursivo e que foram trabalhadas durante a intervenção com a sequência didática. Após essa etapa, os alunos tiveram a oportunidade de reescrever os seus textos seguindo as orientações dadas pela professora, com o intuito de adequar os textos à estrutura de artigo de opinião descrita pelos autores supracitados. Por fim, ficou evidente a eficácia da implementação da sequência didática, que contribuiu de forma significativa para o desenvolvimento de competências comunicativas dos alunos, mais especificamente no que se refere à produção escrita do gênero artigo de opinião.
Oliveira, Elaine de Almeida [UNESP]. "Relação espaço-plano: uma intervenção pedagógica para o desenvolvimento do pensamento geométrico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92345.
Full textSecretaria Estadual de Educação
Este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, vinculado à linha de pesquisa “Práticas Educativas na Formação de Professores”, do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação, da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia – FCT/Unesp, Campus de Presidente Prudente, tem por objetivo investigar as vantagens e limites de uma proposta didática baseada em uma seqüência múltipla de situações de aprendizagem e como ela pode favorecer a aprendizagem significativa de conceitos geométricos envolvidos na relação espaçoplano. Para tanto, elaboramos, aplicamos e analisamos uma seqüência didática de situações de aprendizagem, que utilizou metodologia e recursos diferenciados, junto a trinta e dois alunos de uma 5a série do ensino fundamental da escola pública “EMEF Marechal do Ar Márcio de Souza e Mello”, da cidade de Álvares Machado – SP. Os pressupostos teóricos de Ausubel, Parsysz, Van Hiele e Duval alicerçam a fundamentação e a análise do trabalho. Antes de iniciarmos a intervenção pedagógica, aplicamos uma avaliação diagnóstica para identificarmos os conhecimentos prévios e as dificuldades dos alunos. A partir desse diagnóstico, planejamos e desenvolvemos nove situações de aprendizagem, vivenciadas ao longo de seis meses do ano de 2007, as quais empregaram recursos didáticos diversificados, dentre eles, o computador. Ao final, aplicamos novamente a avaliação, com o intuito de identificarmos os avanços em relação à compreensão de conceitos. Para melhor analisarmos o material coletado, dividimos os alunos em três grupos. A análise dos dados revelou que um grupo não apresentou avanços expressivos em relação ao domínio dos conceitos envolvidos por não conseguir se desvincular das situações concretas para abstrair delas regularidades quanto aos elementos e conceitos em jogo...
This is a qualitative study linked to the research line “Educative Practice on Teachers’ Formation”, from the Post Graduation Program in Education, of Science and Technology College (Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia – FCT/Unesp), Campus of Presidente Prudente. The present study has the objective of investigating the advantages and the limits of a didactic proposal based on a multiple sequence of learning situations and how it can support the significative learning of geometric concepts involved in the plane-space relationship. To do so, we elaborated, applied and analyzed a didactic sequence of learning situations that used different resources and methodology, with thirty two students from the 5th grade from a public school “EMEF Marechal do Ar Márcio de Souza e Mello”, from Álvares Machado – SP. We used the theoretical presupposes from Ausubel, Parsysz, Van Hiele and Duval that contributed to the base and the analysis of this study. Before we initiate the pedagogic intervention, we applied a diagnostic evaluation to identify the students’ previous knowledge as well as their possible difficulties. From this diagnostic we planed and developed nine learning situations, experimented during six months in 2007 and for what we used different didactic resources, as the computer, for example. Finally we applied the evaluation again to verify the students’ improvement about the concepts comprehension. To best analyze the collected data, we divided the students in three groups...
Pane, Mara Cristina. "Substância e mistura de substâncias: estudo da evolução conceitual dos alunos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81132/tde-14012016-151429/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to investigate the views of 9th grade students and 1st year of high school on the concepts of substance and mixture of substances, making sure that it is possible for students in 9th grade, do these ideas evolve through a structured teaching sequence. The preparation of this sequence took into account some aspects of the approach based on demand learning (Leach and Scott, 2005). The demand resulted from the comparison between the concepts that would teach for substance and mixtures of substances and what the students brought in everyday study, such as the idea that every material is a substance that homogeneity is characteristic of the substance, and the idea that mixtures of substances are switched to the act of mixing. From there, the sequence was defined to address these issues. To achieve the objectives presented were implemented eight lessons of 45 minutes in three classes of 9th grade of elementary school from two public schools in the state of São Paulo. To evaluate the results have been developed and applied instruments before, after and six months after the sequence is applied. Through a content analysis emerged the various categories, allowing the organization of data. For each concept analysis, categories were created. The results showed that the application of the teaching sequence was able to promote the learning of most students the concepts of substance and mixtures of substances and allowed greater ability to recognize and differentiate the materials in relation to the concepts studied.
Hunt, Jessica H. "The effects of a ratio-based teaching sequence on performance in fraction equivalency for students with mathematics disabilities." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4927.
Full textID: 030422862; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-211).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Education
Cupaioli, Marcos Eder [UNESP]. "Abordagem experimental no ensino de física com materiais de baixo custo e reciclados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144996.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-05T13:25:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cupaioli_me_me_prud.pdf: 1786404 bytes, checksum: db704a54f33dc6b28331ff0bbb07a982 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-05T13:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cupaioli_me_me_prud.pdf: 1786404 bytes, checksum: db704a54f33dc6b28331ff0bbb07a982 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-22
O presente trabalho aborda um conjunto de atividades experimentais com materiais de fácil manuseio, recicláveis e de baixo custo, baseados em uma abordagem de Teaching-Learning Sequence (TLS) ou Sequência de Ensino-Aprendizagem com enfoque intervencionista inspirada na investigação educacional. Utilizando para isso metodologias problematizadoras, visando o entrelaçamento científico e a perspectivas dos alunos sendo estes os protagonistas do seu conhecimento, fazendo a montagem e realizando as atividades experimentais, tendo o professor como mediador, orientando e explicando aos alunos em todo o processo. Além de abordar algumas atividades experimentais, mostrando como são realizadas as montagens dos experimentos e os objetivos a serem atingidos, trazemos um roteiro e uma sequência de como acreditamos que devemos abordá-las em sala de aula. Após a finalização dos experimentos, a análise dos resultados e a validação da aprendizagem, verificou-se, claramente, os progressos obtidos na aprendizagem da Física, com resultados bastante satisfatórios. As atividades aqui propostas podem ser utilizadas e redesenhadas pelo professor, de acordo com o nível de ensino e do conhecimento de seus alunos.
This study approaches a set of experimental activities with easy-handling, recyclable, low-cost materials, based on a Teaching-Learning Sequence (TLS) approach, with interventionist focus inspired by educational investigation. Using problematizing methodologies, aiming scientific intertwining and also the students’ perspective, with the students being the protagonists regarding their own knowledge creating and performing experimental activities, the teacher being a mediator, guiding and detailing with the whole process. Besides approaching some experimental activities, showing the way the experiments are prepared and the goals to be met, we bring guidelines and a sequence indicating how these activities should be approached in the classroom. After completion of the experiments, the analysis of the results and verification of learning, it was clearly verified progress acquired in learning physics with very satisfactory results. The activities proposed here can be used and adapted by teachers, according to the education level and knowledge of their students.
Saran, Marina Cláudia Brustello. "Astrofísica de partículas na sala de aula : uma sequência de ensino e aprendizagem sobre raios cósmicos para o ensino médio." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4437.
Full textUpdating the physics curriculum for high school has been a challenge to all researchers and teachers in the area for at least two decades and has appeared in many academic studies that account for the needs justifying this update. However, we still haven´t achieved this update in the classrooms. But there is already some research focused on structure and activities for teaching and learning sequences that have emerged in the field of physics education research in order to fill this gap in the curriculum of physics for high school. From this research we reflected on the possibilities of carrying out a process of transformation in regards to the theme of cosmic rays in learning how to teach, based on the rules and features of the Theory of Didactic Transposition, proposed by Ives Chevallard (1991). Thus, we implemented a sequence of teaching and learning about cosmic rays in order to determine the point of impact and reconstruct the direction of arrival of a primary cosmic ray from data recorded by the Pierre Auger Observatory. We applied this activity in the form of a mini course in a public school in the city of Sertãozinho/SP. This activity addressed fundamental concepts such as energy conservation, center of mass, velocity, coordinate systems, time references and observation of the sky.
Atualizar o currículo de Física para o Ensino Médio é um desafio a todos os pesquisadores e professores da área, e há pelo menos duas décadas figuram no meio acadêmico muitas pesquisas que dão conta de justificar as necessidades desta atualização. No entanto, ainda não percebemos nas salas um reflexo desta atualização. Mas já existem algumas pesquisas focadas em estruturar atividades e sequências de ensino e aprendizagem, e que têm surgido com força no campo de pesquisa em ensino de Física, visando a suprir essa carência no currículo de Física do Ensino Médio. Foi neste sentido que refletimos sobre as possibilidades de se realizar um processo de transformação do tema Raios Cósmicos em saber a ensinar, com base nas regras e características da Teoria da Transposição Didática, proposta por Ives Chevallard (1991). Assim, implementamos uma sequência de ensinoaprendizagem sobre Raios Cósmicos com o objetivo de determinar o ponto de impacto e reconstrução da direção de chegada de um Raio Cósmico primário a partir de dados registrados pelo Observatório Pierre Auger e aplicamos tal atividade na forma de um minicurso em uma Escola Pública, na cidade de Sertãozinho SP. Esta atividade aborda conceitos fundamentais, como conservação de energia, centro de massa, velocidade, sistemas de coordenadas, referências de tempo e observação do céu.
Viel-Ruma, Kimberly A. "The Effects of Direct Instruction in Writing on English Speakers and English Language Learners with Disabilities." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/49.
Full textOliveira, Elaine de Almeida. "Relação espaço-plano : uma intervenção pedagógica para o desenvolvimento do pensamento geométrico /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92345.
Full textBanca: Leny Rodrigues Teixeira
Banca: Saddo Ag Almouloud
Resumo: Este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, vinculado à linha de pesquisa "Práticas Educativas na Formação de Professores", do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação, da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - FCT/Unesp, Campus de Presidente Prudente, tem por objetivo investigar as vantagens e limites de uma proposta didática baseada em uma seqüência múltipla de situações de aprendizagem e como ela pode favorecer a aprendizagem significativa de conceitos geométricos envolvidos na relação espaçoplano. Para tanto, elaboramos, aplicamos e analisamos uma seqüência didática de situações de aprendizagem, que utilizou metodologia e recursos diferenciados, junto a trinta e dois alunos de uma 5a série do ensino fundamental da escola pública "EMEF Marechal do Ar Márcio de Souza e Mello", da cidade de Álvares Machado - SP. Os pressupostos teóricos de Ausubel, Parsysz, Van Hiele e Duval alicerçam a fundamentação e a análise do trabalho. Antes de iniciarmos a intervenção pedagógica, aplicamos uma avaliação diagnóstica para identificarmos os conhecimentos prévios e as dificuldades dos alunos. A partir desse diagnóstico, planejamos e desenvolvemos nove situações de aprendizagem, vivenciadas ao longo de seis meses do ano de 2007, as quais empregaram recursos didáticos diversificados, dentre eles, o computador. Ao final, aplicamos novamente a avaliação, com o intuito de identificarmos os avanços em relação à compreensão de conceitos. Para melhor analisarmos o material coletado, dividimos os alunos em três grupos. A análise dos dados revelou que um grupo não apresentou avanços expressivos em relação ao domínio dos conceitos envolvidos por não conseguir se desvincular das situações concretas para abstrair delas regularidades quanto aos elementos e conceitos em jogo...
Abstract: This is a qualitative study linked to the research line "Educative Practice on Teachers' Formation", from the Post Graduation Program in Education, of Science and Technology College (Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - FCT/Unesp), Campus of Presidente Prudente. The present study has the objective of investigating the advantages and the limits of a didactic proposal based on a multiple sequence of learning situations and how it can support the significative learning of geometric concepts involved in the plane-space relationship. To do so, we elaborated, applied and analyzed a didactic sequence of learning situations that used different resources and methodology, with thirty two students from the 5th grade from a public school "EMEF Marechal do Ar Márcio de Souza e Mello", from Álvares Machado - SP. We used the theoretical presupposes from Ausubel, Parsysz, Van Hiele and Duval that contributed to the base and the analysis of this study. Before we initiate the pedagogic intervention, we applied a diagnostic evaluation to identify the students' previous knowledge as well as their possible difficulties. From this diagnostic we planed and developed nine learning situations, experimented during six months in 2007 and for what we used different didactic resources, as the computer, for example. Finally we applied the evaluation again to verify the students' improvement about the concepts comprehension. To best analyze the collected data, we divided the students in three groups...
Mestre
Modanez, Leila. "Das seqüências de padrões geométricos à introdução ao pensamento algébrico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2003. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11235.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aim of this research is to study the introduction to the geometrical thought by means of sequences of geometrical patterns. Furthermore, we present an approach to pre-algebra in the elementary education and a discussion on the learning of such subject by means of a didactical series consisting of eight activities elaborated from the use of a series of geometrical patterns. We aim to answer the following question: Can a teaching sequence by means of geometrical patterns promote the introduction of the student to the algebraic thought? Our discussion is based on the following hypothesis: ! To engage the student in activities that promotes the relationship among different aspects of the Algebra, such as problem solving, and not only to find the value of an algebraic expression or merely mechanical activities. ! To propose situations through which the students may investigate patterns, in numerical series as much as in geometrical representations, identifying their structures so that the students can describe them symbolically. ! To propose situations that allows the students to construct algebraic notions through the observation of regularities, and not only mechanical manipulations of algebraic expressions. The research is based mainly on the theories about Changing of Pictures of Régine DOUADY (1987) and Registries of Semiotic Representation of Raymond DUVAL (1993). The adopted methodology follows the principles of the didactical engineering. The research evolved teachers and students of the 6th grade of elementary education
O objetivo dessa pesquisa é o estudo da introdução ao pensamento algébrico, por meio de seqüências de padrões geométricos. Além disso, apresenta uma proposta de ensino da pré-álgebra, no Ensino Fundamental, e uma reflexão sobre a aprendizagem desse conteúdo, por meio de uma seqüência didática, envolvendo oito atividades elaboradas a partir do uso de seqüências de padrões geométricos. Procuramos responder à seguinte questão: Uma seqüência de ensino por meio de padrões geométricos pode proporcionar ao aluno a introdução ao pensamento algébrico? Baseamo-nos nas seguintes hipóteses: Acreditamos que a introdução ao pensamento algébrico pode ser atingida se a seqüência de ensino, ! engajar o aluno em atividades que inter-relacionem diferentes aspectos da Álgebra, como resolução de problemas e não só para encontrar o valor numérico de uma expressão algébrica ou atividades meramente mecânicas; ! propuser situações em que o aluno possa investigar padrões, tanto em sucessões numéricas como em representações geométricas, identificando suas estruturas para que possa descrevê-los simbolicamente; ! propuser situações que levem o aluno a construir noções algébricas pela observação de regularidades, e não somente manipulações mecânicas de expressões algébricas. A pesquisa fundamentou-se principalmente nas teorias sobre Mudanças de Quadros, de Régine DOUADY (1987), e Registros de Representação Semiótica, de Raymond DUVAL (1993). A metodologia adotada seguiu os princípios da engenharia didática. A pesquisa envolveu professores e alunos de 6a série do Ensino Fundamental
Pereira, Rita de Cassia de Sena Pardo. "As representa??es gr?ficas como recurso metodol?gico em situa??es de sala de aula com alunos surdos." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/78.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2015-07-23T01:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o19nov.pdf: 5190648 bytes, checksum: 59043649b75e51773c3fda7faa3e7e7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-04
This research is situated in the context of inclusive education, where deaf and hearing people can enjoy the same rights and opportunities. Despite the inclusion of law, you need to evaluate the conditions to meet this challenge. As from the experience of this research professor in daily classroom "said" inclusive, many problems have been perceived. Not yet, in the current educational context, physical, human and pedagogical structures that afford favorable conditions for quality education accessible to deaf and listeners students, respecting their specificities, not favoring the repetition and the age / school year. The objective of this research is to investigate whether working with teaching strategies, with emphasis on graphical representations, such as drawing, signs in LIBRAS, photographs, illustrations, can contribute to facilitating communication and learning the Portuguese language written by deaf students. The subjects were deaf students (06) of a class of 7th year, enrolled in regular school system,enrolled in regular school system, in an inclusive school located in Feira de Santana, Bahia, in 2013. In order to analyze possible effects of different pedagogical mediation, was made a Preliminary Assessment of performance in the writing of deaf people from the request of elaboration in writing a ticket. Next, we held an teaching strategy planned Didactic Sequence 12 seconds, which contemplate the use of graphical representations in the teaching learning process. At the end of theses, we proceeded to the evaluation Later, when there was a request to prepare a second ticket. Tickets were evaluated according to the criteria proposed by Brochado (2003). From the comparison of performance in writing of deaf students, before and after Didactic Sequence, we can infer possible effects of these. The data indicated that the Preliminary Assessment only 02 tickets were deemed satisfactory for submitting minimal information that would make the textual genre understandable ticket. The other 04 tickets did not present minimum information to ensure communication, such as event type and date. Already in the Posterior Evaluation, all 06 tickets were considered satisfactory. While not changing interlingual level of students has been observed in this short period of pedagogical mediation, here were qualitative changes in writing performance of the Portuguese language, in terms of increased use of punctuation and of binding elements, beyond the text to ensure a better understanding by the reader. It was observed that at the end of the process, the deaf students were more socialized and motivated to work in the classroom, so there was a better use both in terms of learning as communication of deaf students together with colleagues and with the teacher. One can check that teaching with deaf students is only possible from the compromise of those involved in the educational process. It is necessary that specific teaching strategies are appropriate for teachers to meet appropriate way to deaf students.
Esta pesquisa situa-se no ?mbito da educa??o inclusiva, onde surdos e ouvintes possam usufruir os mesmos direitos e oportunidades. Apesar da lei de inclus?o, ? preciso avaliar as condi??es para enfrentar este desafio. A partir da viv?ncia desta professora pesquisadora, no cotidiano da sala de aula ?dita? inclusiva, muitos problemas tem sido percebidos. Ainda n?o h?, no contexto educacional atual, estruturas f?sica, humana e pedag?gica capazes de proporcionar condi??es favor?veis ? educa??o de qualidade e acess?vel aos alunos surdos e ouvintes, respeitando suas especificidades, n?o favorecendo a repet?ncia e a defasagem idade/ano escolar. O objetivo desta pesquisa ? investigar se o trabalho com estrat?gias de ensino, com ?nfase nas representa??es gr?ficas, tais como desenho, sinais em LIBRAS, fotografias, ilustra??es, pode contribuir para facilitar a comunica??o e a aprendizagem da L?ngua Portuguesa escrita, pelos alunos surdos. Os sujeitos foram os alunos surdos (06) de uma classe de 7? ano, matriculados no sistema regular de ensino, em uma escola inclusiva, localizada em Feira de Santana, na Bahia, no ano de 2013. A fim de analisar poss?veis efeitos da media??o pedag?gica diferenciada, foi feito uma Avalia??o Pr?via do desempenho na escrita dos sujeitos surdos, a partir da solicita??o da elabora??o, por escrito, de um bilhete. Em seguida, procedeu-se a uma estrat?gia de ensino planejada segundo 12 Sequ?ncias Did?ticas, que contemplam o uso de representa??es gr?ficas no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Ao t?rmino destas, procedeu-se a Avalia??o Posterior, quando houve a solicita??o da elabora??o de um segundo bilhete. Os bilhetes foram avaliados de acordo com os crit?rios propostos por Brochado (2003). A partir da compara??o do desempenho na escrita, dos alunos surdos, antes e depois das Sequ?ncias Did?ticas, pode-se inferir poss?veis efeitos destas. Os dados indicaram que na Avalia??o Pr?via apenas 02 dos bilhetes foram considerados satisfat?rios, por terem apresentado informa??es m?nimas que tornassem o g?nero textual bilhete compreens?vel. Os outros 04 bilhetes n?o apresentaram informa??es m?nimas para garantir a comunica??o, como por exemplo, tipo de evento e data. J? na Avalia??o Posterior, todos os 06 bilhetes foram considerados satisfat?rios. Embora n?o tenha sido observada a mudan?a de n?vel interlingual dos alunos, neste pequeno per?odo de media??o pedag?gica, houve mudan?as qualitativas no desempenho da modalidade escrita da L?ngua Portuguesa, em termos de um maior uso de pontua??o e de elementos de liga??o, al?m do texto garantir um melhor entendimento por parte do leitor. Observou-se que, ao final do processo, os alunos surdos estavam mais socializados e motivados para o trabalho em sala de aula, sendo assim, houve um melhor aproveitamento tanto em termos de aprendizagem como de comunica??o dos alunos surdos entre si, com os colegas e com a professora. Pode-se verificar que o trabalho docente com alunos surdos s? ? poss?vel a partir do compromisso dos envolvidos no processo educacional. ? mister que estrat?gias de ensino espec?ficas sejam apropriadas pelos professores para atender de modo adequado aos alunos surdos.
Araujo, Adelia Luciana Rangel Botelho de. "Produção do gênero artigo de opinião no ensino fundamental através de sequências didáticas." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7661.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2015-12-07T11:38:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2532203 bytes, checksum: 530eb62f3d1885ea477fe5818cf03e09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-21
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This dissertation is an interventionist and applied research aimed to equip students in the 9th grade of elementary education at a public school in the city of João Pessoa-PB, in order to become competent writers and critics of their own texts, through a proposal for teaching and production of the opinion article genre, guided by the approach of didactic sequences. The implementation of this procedure took into account the context of production and reception of that genre and primarily focused on its linguistic and discursive features, from a procedural conception of writing activity. In this perspective, to accomplish our research, we resorted to Bakhtin (1986 [1977], 2011 [1992]) and Marcuschi (2008), regarding the understanding of sociointeractionist nature of language and the concept of textual / discursive genre as well as to Dolz, Noverraz, (2004), regarding the didactic sequence proposal. We also recurred to the contributions of Antunes (2003, 2006, 2009) and Passarelli (2004, 2012), aimed to reflect on the process of teaching and learning of writing at school. The analysis was based on the very textual production of the students involved in the investigation. In this sense, the analysis corpus consisted of ten (10) opinion articles produced by the students, in two versions: in its first version and last, totaling 20 texts. In the analysis of the initial production, we found problems related to the genre structure under study, to the informativeness and to the standard use of the language, which were worked out in the modules / workshops, step envisaged in the didactic sequence proposed. This intervention was followed by the rewriting of the original text, whose difficulties were largely overcome. The results allow us to state that the didactic and pedagogical procedure that we have adopted contributes to develop a linguistic-discursive competence of students.
Esta dissertação trata de uma investigação, de caráter intervencionista e aplicada, que objetivou instrumentalizar alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do município de João Pessoa-PB, a fim de contribuir para que se tornem autores competentes e críticos de seus próprios textos, através de uma proposta de ensino de produção do gênero artigo de opinião, pautada pela abordagem das sequências didáticas A implementação desse procedimento levou em conta o contexto de produção e de recepção do referido gênero e enfocou, prioritariamente, suas características linguístico-discursivas, a partir de uma concepção processual da atividade de escrita. Nessa perspectiva, para realizarmos a nossa investigação, recorremos, principalmente, a Bakhtin (1986 [1977], 2011 [1992]) no tocante ao entendimento da natureza sociointeracionsita da linguagem e ao conceito de gênero textual/discursivo bem como a Dolz, Noverraz, (2004), no que diz respeito à proposta de sequência didática. Além de nos apropriarmos das contribuições de Antunes (2003,2006, 2009) e Passarelli (2004, 2012), voltadas para uma reflexão sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da escrita no ambiente escolar. A análise realizada teve como base a própria produção textual dos alunos envolvidos na investigação. Nesse sentido, o corpus de análise foi constituído por 10 (dez) artigos de opinião produzidos pelos alunos, em duas versões: na sua primeira versão e na última, totalizando 20 textos. Na análise da produção inicial, detectamos problemas relacionados à estrutura do gênero em estudo, à informatividade e ao padrão culto da língua, os quais foram trabalhados, nos módulos/oficinas, etapa prevista na proposta de sequência didática. Após essa intervenção, seguiu-se a reescrita do texto inicial, cujas dificuldades foram, em grande parte, superadas. Os resultados obtidos permitem-nos afirmar que o procedimento didático-pedagógico que adotamos contribui para desenvolver a competência linguístico-discursiva dos alunos.
Lutz, Mauricio Ramos. "Uma sequência didática para o ensino de estatística a alunos do ensino médio na modalidade PROEJA." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49625.
Full textThe present study is a qualitative research that aimed to develop, implement, and analyze main a didactic sequence involving statistical education activities. It also aimed to develop and monitor the skills of the students through the data collection, processing, interpretation and critique of information taken from everyday situations, which reaches them through a variety of media. The work was applied in a classroom, with 24 students high school course PROEJA on Technician Computer – stage I, of the Federal Institute Farroupilha – Campus Alegrete/RS Campus. The importance of holding such a session is due to the need to include the teaching of Statistics in Math discipline and the lack of educational material for the people in the study. The National Curricular Parameters (1999) pointed out the statistical education, from elementary school, as a necessity for the understandings of social, political, and economic relationships of the globalised world. To support the process of our research have been used as Didactic Engineering methodology assumptions, according to description given by Artigue (1996), since it is used in searches of Didactics of mathematics, including an experimental part. It was also used the theory of Semiotics Representation records Duval (2003) due to relevance of converting records to approach the teaching of Statistics, in order to build the student's knowledge. The result of this survey points out that the material produced favored content learning of statistics. The final product is a didactic sequence that covers Statistical content which covers the records and representations of natural language, algebraic, graphical and table, which will contribute as material for high school teachers.
Zahaila, Willie Douglas Pugin. "Atividades experimentais virtuais usando o game Portal 2." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
Find full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física - MNPEF, 2017.
Este trabalho consiste em uma Sequência de Ensino Aprendizagem (SEA) baseada em atividades experimentais virtuais usando o game Portal 2 com o objetivo de subsidiar os professores de Física que desejem inovar em suas práticas educacionais. Ao observar que o ensino tradicional, em que os alunos são expostos à memorização de fórmulas e resolução de exercícios sem aplicação prática, poderia estar relacionado a um baixo interesse pelo conteúdo apresentado, este trabalho busca apresentar uma alternativa de ensino, a aprendizagem baseada em games, algumas técnicas da gamificação. A aplicação numa escola particular de São Paulo mostrou a eficácia da utilização do game Portal 2, considerado o mais apropriado para o ensino de Física, para demonstrar o caráter experimental da Física e tornar o ensino mais atraente aos alunos que são considerados nativos digitais.
This work consists in a Teaching and Learning Sequence (TLS) based on experimental virtual activities using the game Portal 2. The objective is subsidizing physics teachers who wish to innovate in their educational practices. The traditional teaching, in which the learning process employs memorization of formulas and resolution of exercises by the students without any practical application, could be related to the low interest in the learning of physics. This work presents an alternative approach, the game based learning (GBL) and some techniques of gamification. The application in a private school of São Paulo showed the effectiveness of using the game Portal 2, recognized as the most appropriate game to physics teaching, in demonstrating the experimental nature of Physics and make teaching task more attractive to students who are considered digital natives.
Souza, Rosa Andrea Lopes de. "A viagem de Alfred Russel Wallace ao Brasil: uma aplicação de história da ciência no ensino de biologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81133/tde-13042015-144132/.
Full textThis dissertation, set in search of \"History, Philosophy and Culture in Science Education\" line, addressed the insertion of an episode of the History of Science in Biology teaching of basic education. The research, characterized by an inclusive approach of the History of Science in teaching Biology, was guided by the following objectives: 1) develop the study of a historical episode involving the journey of the English naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) to Brazil in the nineteenth century; 2) develop an empirical study of using episode of the History of Biology in teaching and learning content biology through the development, validation, implementation and evaluation of an instructional sequence; 3) investigate the effects of using of an episode of the History of Biology on motivational and emotional aspects of learning content for students of Biology. A trip to the Amazon Wallace was analyzed according to the methodology of research in History of Science, using primary and secondary sources. The initial training of the researcher and the motivations for the provision of travel were investigated according to the context of the scientific expeditions of the nineteenth century. We also discuss the major contributions he has developed, particularly on Amazonian palm trees. This study generated a material that can serve as a subsidy to the teacher who wishes to address this historical episode in the classroom. From this episode, we created a teaching sequence based on the studies of Wallace on the Amazon palm trees. Palm trees studied by Wallace served as the basis for students to carry out activities related to biological classification, the use of dichotomous keys for identification and development of a phylogenetic classification matrix. The teaching learning sequence consisted of eight lessons developed with different strategies of teaching and learning, using a specially designed instructional materials for each class. After the validation process, the teaching learning sequence was applied to two groups of 2nd year of High School, a public school in São Paulo, in the first half of 2013. Triangulation of data obtained through the recording and transcription of the classes as well as application of two validated questionnaires in the literature was performed: one designed to assess motivation and to review other students\' situational emotion. The data analysis led to the development of a graphical representation mapping the motivational and emotional dispositions of students during interactions of teaching and learning instructional sequence. As the results of empirical research that can contribute to the area of teaching natural sciences in that historical approaches are inserted, are evidence that the students responded positively to learning of scientific considered complex and current content away from their daily lives, such as the phylogenetic classification, after this study have been caused from the studies of Wallace in the Amazon. This research also contributes to the dissemination of a methodology for investigating motivational and emotional aspects of learning content students in Biology. Finally, set some parameters on the contribution of the History of Science in teaching Biology.
Ferreira, Rodrigo Santa Cruz. "Oficina de foguete: aspectos interdisciplinares entre astronomia, astron?utica e f?sica." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/520.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-10-30T21:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigo-impressao-final.pdf: 7579791 bytes, checksum: 452033974e205d8cc5aa54423e7c0756 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30
This work discusses aspects of Astronautics and Astronomy in the Science and Physics classes of Elementary and Middle School in public and private schools in Feira de Santana. Astronomy is an interdisciplinary and necessary science in the curriculum of Brazilian schools. As such, we have a workshop where students build and launch rockets made of low-cost materials such as PET pickups and PVC pipes. The meaningful learning (Ausubel, 1976) was the theoretical reference of this study. Therefore,, we started the work by collecting information from the students through questionnaires to create a profile about their knowledge about astronomy and, after that, we propose activities where students are able to develop skills for understanding the physical phenomena that can be observed during the launch of a rocket, such as Oblique Motion and Newton's Laws. The workshop was very positive, arousing students' interest in participating in the Brazilian Astronomy and Astronautics Olympiads and obtaining better grades in the disciplines of Science and Physics. The students also realized the importance of astronomy in the development of humanity.
Este trabalho discute aspectos do tema Astron?utica e Astronomia nas aulas de Ci?ncias e F?sica do Ensino Fundamental e M?dio em escolas p?blicas e privadas de Feira de Santana. A Astronomia ? uma ci?ncia interdisciplinar e necess?ria no curr?culo das escolas brasileiras. Sendo assim, realizamos uma oficina onde os estudantes construem e lan?am foguetes confeccionados com materiais de baixo custo, como garradas PET e tubos de PVC. A aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel (1976) foi o referencial te?rico deste estudo. Portanto, iniciamos os trabalhos coletando informa??es dos alunos atrav?s de question?rios para criar um perfil sobre o conhecimento dos mesmos sobre Astronomia e, ap?s isso, propomos atividades onde os alunos fossem capazes de desenvolver habilidades para a compreens?o dos fen?menos f?sicos que podem ser observados durante o lan?amento de um foguete, como Movimento Obl?quo e leis de Newton. A oficina mostrou-se muito positiva, despertando o interesse dos alunos a participarem das Olimp?adas Brasileira de Astronomia e Astron?utica e obtendo notas melhores nas disciplinas de Ci?ncias e F?sica. Os alunos tamb?m perceberam a import?ncia da Astronomia no desenvolvimento da humanidade.
Balan, Luanda Helena Balúgoli. "Matemática e saúde : boa alimentação e as equações dos índices IMC, RIP e IAC contextualizadas em situações de sala de aula." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5933.
Full textFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
Most students have great difficulty in applying the theory learned in mathematics throughout their academic life. Since the initial series until the final grades of high school, the study of equations, inequations and functions are privileged, with demonstrations of formulas and properties and applications of exercise lists. However, the results of educational assessments at state and national level show that one of the major found student´s difficulties is using the mathematical tools learned throughout their lives, with the aim of resolving everyday problems. Contextualizing the teaching is a way of making significant all the mathematical knowledge and a way of contextualizing is to apply didactic sequences that bring everyday problem situations to the student´s present. The contextualized didatic sequences are strategies that encourage learning in an efficient and meaningful way.
A maioria dos discentes possui grandes dificuldades em aplicar a teoria Matemática aprendida em toda sua vida acadêmica. Desde as séries iniciais até as séries finais do Ensino Médio, os estudos das equações, inequações e funções são privilegiados, com demonstrações de fórmulas, propriedades e aplicações de listas de exercícios. No entanto, resultados de avaliações educacionais em nível estadual e nacional mostram que uma das maiores dificuldades encontradas pelo aluno é utilizar as ferramentas matemáticas aprendidas ao longo de sua vida, com objetivo de resolver situações problemas do cotidiano. Contextualizar o ensino é um dos caminhos de tornar significativo todo o saber matemático e uma das formas de contextualizar é aplicar sequências didáticas que trazem situações problemas cotidianas ao presente do aluno. As sequências didáticas contextualizadas são estratégias que estimulam a aprendizagem de forma eficiente e significativa.
Rodrigues, Iliane Maria Pimenta. "SequÃncia Fedathi e aprendizagem cooperativa no ensino de matemÃtica: reflexÃes metodolÃgicas sobre a postura docente." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2017. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=20174.
Full textA presente pesquisa aborda a SequÃncia Fedathi e a Aprendizagem Cooperativa como propostas teÃrico-metodolÃgica-formativas para o ensino de MatemÃtica no ensino mÃdio, a partir de uma anÃlise sobre a postura do professor na aula de MatemÃtica, objeto principal desta pesquisa. Destaca-se de um lado a SequÃncia Fedathi, como uma metodologia de formaÃÃo docente, que considera preliminarmente, a anÃlise teÃrica e a anÃlise ambiental, na qual apresenta quatro fases: tomada de posiÃÃo, maturaÃÃo, soluÃÃo e prova. De outro lado, a Aprendizagem Cooperativa se configura como uma metodologia baseada em cinco elementos: interdependÃncia positiva, responsabilidade individual, interaÃÃo promotora, competÃncias sociais e processamento de grupo. Objetiva-se com esse estudo apresentar as metodologias SequÃncia Fedathi e Aprendizagem Cooperativa a partir da anÃlise sobre uma formaÃÃo docente, a fim de discutir seus contributos para a docÃncia de MatemÃtica. Para a fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica e metodolÃgica, esta pesquisa apoia-se nas ideias de Borges Neto (2013, 2017), Santos (2007), Sousa (2005, 2013, 2015), Pinheiro (2016), alÃm de Johnson, Johnson e Smith (1991), Johnson, Johnson e Holubec (1993, 1998), Lopes e Silva (2009). A pesquisa tem como lÃcus de sua prÃtica uma escola estadual de ensino regular, do municÃpio de Caucaia-CearÃ, e para anÃlise de dados foram adotados os pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de instrumentos formativos a serem detalhados ao longo do texto. Para coleta de dados, foi necessÃrio: (a) estudos para aprofundamento teÃrico; (b) observaÃÃo da professora em sala de aula; (c) elaboraÃÃo da proposta de formaÃÃo; (d) formaÃÃo da professora a partir das metodologias propostas; (e) observaÃÃo da postura da professora apÃs a formaÃÃo; e, f) coleta, categorizaÃÃo e anÃlise dos dados obtidos na formaÃÃo e observaÃÃo. Os resultados analisados apontam as implicaÃÃes das duas metodologias empregadas ao Ensino de MatemÃtica, principalmente no que concerne ao comportamento do professor e na organizaÃÃo do planejamento. Considera-se que tal pesquisa mostrou-se relevante no que se refere a proposta de formaÃÃo a partir do uso em conjunto das metodologias SequÃncia Fedathi (SF) e Aprendizagem Cooperativa (AC), tendo como consequÃncias a mudanÃa de postura do professor, revelando: (i) o comportamento de um professor de MatemÃtica reflexivo; (ii) mediador; e, (iii) incentivador de seus alunos, visando uma aprendizagem baseada na investigaÃÃo e na cooperaÃÃo.
Zhuang, Zhongfang. "Deep Learning on Attributed Sequences." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/507.
Full textSaraiva, Lucilene Oenning. "ATIVIDADES INVESTIGATIVAS PARA O ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DOS CONCEITOS E PROPRIEDADES DE SUCESSÕES NUMÉRICAS." Universidade Franciscana, 2012. http://tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/123.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as possibilidades que a metodologia de investigação matemática pode proporcionar ao ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos e propriedades de sucessões numéricas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com 28 estudantes do quarto ano de um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática de uma universidade privada do oeste do Paraná. A revisão de literatura baseou-se em livros, artigos, dissertações e teses que tratam dos aspectos teóricos da investigação Matemática, do papel do professor e da investigação no currículo escolar. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo e nela empregaram-se, como instrumentos, anotações de observações de sala de aula, os trabalhos realizados pelos alunos e um questionário aplicado ao final da experiência. O questionário forneceu dados das opiniões dos alunos sobre a experiência realizada. Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar as dificuldades do grupo de formular hipóteses, argumentar e formalizar ideias matemáticas. Além disso, foi possível constatar que atividades investigativas desenvolvidas na etapa de formação inicial podem incentivar seu uso na futura prática docente e permitir uma mudança de concepção sobre o ensino de matemática e da postura do professor no trabalho de sala de aula.
Bridges, Jon P. "Preparing Historically Underserved Students for STEM Careers| The Role of an Inquiry-based High School Science Sequence Beginning with Physics." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10272772.
Full textImproving the STEM readiness of students from historically underserved groups is a moral and economic imperative requiring greater attention and effort than has been shown to date. The current literature suggests a high school science sequence beginning with physics and centered on developing conceptual understanding, using inquiry labs and modeling to allow students to explore new ideas, and addressing and correcting student misconceptions can increase student interest in and preparation for STEM careers.
The purpose of this study was to determine if the science college readiness of historically underserved students can be improved by implementing an inquiry-based high school science sequence comprised of coursework in physics, chemistry, and biology for every student. The study used a retrospective cohort observational design to address the primary research question: are there differences between historically underserved students completing a Physics First science sequence and their peers completing a traditional science sequence in 1) science college-readiness test scores, 2) rates of science college-and career-readiness, and 3) interest in STEM? Small positive effects were found for all three outcomes for historically underserved students in the Physics First sequence.
Júnior, Jorge Luiz Nicolau. "Estrutura didática baseada em fluxo: relatividade restrita para o ensino médio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81131/tde-30042015-161931/.
Full textThe present work conceptualizes and applies the concept of \"flow\" as part of the didactic intention related to the quality of transitions between activities of a design experiment. The flow was used as the central protoprinciple in the developiment of a course on Special Relativity for high school based on a Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology. The work has involved the participation of researchers and public school teachers of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Meetings, production and didactic interventions were collectively organized. The comparison between the desired flow and fluency observed by the students was analyzed as a result of the research. An auxiliary research on the understanding on the concept of event is also constructed and complements the research. Looking forward the generalization proposed by researchers in this area, the protoprinciple of the flow was presented as a potential idea for the development of didactic sequences. The flow\'s diagram was presented as a practical representation of the intentions of the developers and the flow instrument has shown as a method for producing data. These elements were tested in a cycle of research and are intended for use in other design experiments.
Monteleoni, Claire E. (Claire Elizabeth) 1975. "Online learning of non-stationary sequences." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87360.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 47-48).
by Claire E. Monteleoni.
S.M.
Jesus, Luciana Romeira de. "Ensinando o sistema circulatório no ensino fundamental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81133/tde-27042015-155241/.
Full textThis work is characterized by a constructivist pedagogical intervention proposal that makes use of Jean Piaget\'s ideas of knowledge construction as ways to reach learning. It is expected that learning about a specific Science content, such as the circulatory system may be enabled simultaneously with an understanding of the scientific knowledge construction process. A didactic sequence (DS) was elaborated in order to fulfill these two learning objectives. This DS contains strategies to lead students to learn a specific content (SC) and participate in activities that involve the History of Science (HC). The DS calls the attention to points that show the building up of scientific knowledge about SC stressing the discontinuous character of science evolution with sequences of misses and hits that are both essential for progress. SD was applied to a pilot course and materials produced by students during the proposed interventions have been analysed according to the \"textual discursive analysis\", aiming to an evaluation of ongoing learning and the adequacy of interventions within the SD. This kind of analysis was used to be adequate to the nature of data, characterizing a qualitative investigation. The first DS intervention was the investigation about student\'s previous conceptions by means of classroom discussions. The second intervention involved a practice activity when students could handle our study object (the heart element at SC). They received several hicken hearts that they should analyse writing notes and drawing sketches of what was being observed. After expressing their ideas and some concrete exploration about SC, students received texts containing different ideas about his scheme that had been written by several intellectuals along HS. Many of these ideas were similar to those of students but others were quite different. Then a timeline was presented to them where all the previous texts intellectuals appeared in their epoch. The last intervention was an expositive class with dialogues and practice showing how SC is presently understood. A cow heart was then used to show the important heart structures. Is has been possible to onclude that there is a strong relation between students ideas and those that may be found in historical literature about this subject. DS often enabled students to be the actors of their own knowledge, handling concrete structures and having access to different ideas about the heart functioning- some of them to be considered as wrong in the present context. This situation led them to improvement in the idea of errors that are present in HS context but also in the classroom and this favored the teaching and learning process from a constructivist perspective.
Machado, Júlio César Epifânio. "A sequência didática como estratégia para aprendizagem dos processos físicos nas aulas de geografia do ciclo II do ensino fundamental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-27062013-161524/.
Full textThis present work is part of a study group dedicated to Teaching Methodology of Geography. We investigate how does the overcoming of obstacles to learning an elementary physical process in classes of this discipline, organized through a teaching sequence. Its main contribution is to provide theoretical and methodological planning classes of Geography to Ensino Fundamental II, aiming to work with themes and concepts common to Physical Geography. This work is supported by classic and contemporary authors that deal with learning, construction of knowledge and geographical concepts (PIAGET, 1948/2005; BACHELARD, 1938/2008; MEIRIEU, 2000; CAMILLONI, 1997; CASTELLAR; VILHENA, 2010; MONBEIG, 1956; SANTOS, 1997; ROSS, 2006, among others). We demonstrate and analyze the process of learning a concept in the context of a school routine and according to the geographical and pedagogical assumptions adopted, which allowed us to establish a relationship between theory and practice, and from this experience, theorising our experienced practice.
Tonidandel, Sandra Maria Rudella. "Superando obstáculos no ensino e na aprendizagem da evolução biológica: o desenvolvimento da argumentação dos alunos no uso de dados como evidências da seleção natural numa sequência didática baseada em investigação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-18122014-100501/.
Full textThe scientific education has focused on pedagogical activities that use students investigative practice. One of the objectives is so that students not only obtain the scientific concepts, but also the specific practices of science activity. It is a pretention that students develop their scientific argumentation competence. This investigation aims at understanding how students develop their written argumentation, analyzing their use of data as evidence of natural selection in order to sustain their conclusions about biological evolution investigative questions. We made a didactic sequence, which architecture establishes the foundation to the teachers pedagogical actions, and promotes students investigative actions. The sequence lies on two integrative bases: a) an investigation based scientific education and b) Darwins investigation on the natural selection as a mechanism of the historical construction matrix of biological evolution. In order to examine how would it be the biological evolution teaching based in Darwins investigative structure, our problem question was built with two main focuses: a) how could we articulate conceptual and methodological intentions, characteristic to biological sciences, with the approach of the main historical obstacles of natural selection in evolving into the concept of the mechanism of biological evolution in a didactic sequence based upon inquiry and b) how it is the use of data as evidence of natural selection in the high school students written argumentative structure during the application of Inquiry Based Biology Teaching Sequence (SEEBI, in Portuguese) to biological evolution teaching. To investigate our task, we developed a SEEBI that was applied by a public networks teacher to 125 high schools senior year students in a public school of São Paulo. Our methodology has qualitative and quantitative approaches. Our data consists of: a) materials (textbooks, experimental models, audio-visual resources used in class) and b) booklets with answers written by the students after the proposed activities. The data analyses were based upon these booklets, with students written answers, materials elaborated and posted in the SEEBI and also in the transcription we did. The results show that SEEBI has its foundation lied on conceptual and methodological intentions, characteristic to Biology. Furthermore, the results indicate an overcoming of conceptual obstacles as well, such as cosmic teleology and fixism, therefore, building the concept of natural selection as a mechanism of biological evolution. The study of the consequences presents an improvement in students argumentative ability, a strong correlation between the use of data from biological evolution with the construction of higher quality arguments by the students, using justifications (warranty and theoretical support) grounded in scientific knowledge. Theres evidence of an expansion of the arguments construction, both increasing the number of used components as well as the field-dependent components of sciences quality, such as support and evidence. The arguments constructed shall provide support based on specific conceptual assistance in paradigms of Biology, like natural selection, validating the findings from the use of data (Toulmin, 2006) in researches conducted by students.
Bonk, William J. "Serial learning of verbal and nonverbal sequences." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303837.
Full textSantiago, Ortência da Paz. "Perspectivas da abordagem ciência, tecnologia e sociedade e suas relações com as capacidades de pensamento crítico." Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8329.
Full textThis research was intended to investigate possible approaches between the goals defended by the Science-Technology-Society approach in the Brazilian context and Taxonomy of critical thinking. The approaches were taken as an assumption, since the two theoretical perspectives expose students to formative element should be a critical view in the face of everyday issues. As part of this initial investigation, was built an instrument with the intent to establish a body of approaches among the objectives in two theoretical fields. In addition, this research aimed to investigate what capabilities can be manifested in individuals in educational situations based on a CTS of Brazilian Reference Approach. To this end, the data were collected through audiovisual instruments and records written during teaching Learning sequence applications (SEA) who treated chemistry concepts, namely: Thermochemistry and electrochemistry. The material collected has suffered the kind of Content analysis based in Bardin. Treating the early stage of the research and the approaches of the two theoretical fields, the results showed that these theories approach significantly in their goals, within a minimum margin of 87% among some in the theoretical field capabilities, such as: analyze arguments, or even decide on an action. With regard to the results of the application of SEA in the classroom, students indicated evidence of critical thinking skills, such as: analyze arguments and interact with others, implying that the material Science-Technology-Society has the potential to appeal to thecapabilities, confirming the theoretical implications.
Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade investigar possíveis aproximações entre os objetivos defendidos pela abordagem Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade no contexto brasileiro e Taxonomia do Pensamento Crítico. As aproximações foram assumidas como pressuposto, uma vez que as duas perspectivas teóricas expõem que os estudantes devem ter como elemento formativo uma visão crítica frente a questões do cotidiano. Como parte inicial desta investigação, foi construído um instrumento com o intuito de estabelecer um corpo de aproximações entre os objetivos presentes nos dois campos teóricos. Em complemento, esta pesquisa objetivou investigar quais capacidades podem ser mobilizadas nos indivíduos em situações didáticas embasadas numa Abordagem CTS de referenciais brasileiros. Para tanto, a coleta de dados foi realizada através de instrumentos audiovisuais e registros escritos durante aplicações de Sequências de Ensino Aprendizagem (SEA) que trataram de conceitos da química, a saber: termoquímica e eletroquímica. O material coletado sofreu a análise do tipo de Conteúdo embasada em Bardin. Tratando da etapa inicial da pesquisa e das aproximações dos dois campos teóricos, os resultados mostraram que essas teorias se aproximam significativamente em seus objetivos, dentro de uma margem mínima de 87% entre algumas capacidades no campo teórico, como: analisar argumentos, ou até mesmo decidir sobre uma ação. No que se refere aos resultados da aplicação das SEA em sala de aula, destaca-se que os alunos indicaram indícios de capacidades do Pensamento Crítico, tais como: analisar argumentos e interagir com os outros, implicando, assim, que o material Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade tem potencial para com a apelar as capacidades, confirmando as implicações teóricas.
São Cristóvão, SE
Struminski, Luciane Aparecida de Freitas. "USO DE JOGOS NO ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA:UMA PROPOSTA DIDÁTICA PARA O ENSINO DE PROBABILIDADE." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1507.
Full textThe games are part of human life since ancient times. The interest in studying them has contributed fundamentally to the development of probability theory. Starting from the premise that teaching and learning mathematics should not be something tiresome and uninteresting, this work aims to propose and present a didactic proposal that combines the activities proposed in the material prepared by the São Paulo State Education and adopted by the state schools this state the use of educational games that can contribute to the teaching and learning of probability process. To this end, we tried to carry out a literature search on the topics probability and use of games in classrooms and study and describe the activities presented in the Student Notebook and Teacher's Notebook, both used in state schools of the state of Paulo. The didactic proposal to join games to the activities already planned in this material was applied in a classroom of the 2nd year of high school, trying to integrate the Student Notebook activities to use games to address the issue likely. It also describes the characteristics of the school where the proposal was applied, the details of the activities, the materials used, the evaluation of the content that has been applied to students and a questionnaire in which they were able to respond and assess the practical use.
Os jogos fazem parte da vida do homem desde a antiguidade. O interesse em estudá-los contribuiu fundamentalmente para o desenvolvimento da Teoria da Probabilidade. Partindo da premissa de que ensinar e aprender matemática não deve ser algo cansativo e desinteressante, este trabalho tem por objetivo propor e apresentar uma proposta didática que alia as atividades propostas no material elaborado pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo e adotado pelas escolas estaduais deste estado à utilização de jogos didáticos que podem contribuir para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de probabilidade. Para tal, procurou-se realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica acerca dos temas probabilidade e uso dos jogos nas salas de aula, bem como estudar e descrever as atividades apresentadas no Caderno do Aluno e no Caderno do Professor, ambos utilizados nas escolas estaduais do estado de São Paulo. A proposta didática que visa a junção de jogos às atividades já previstas nesse material, foi aplicada numa sala de aula do 2º ano do Ensino Médio, procurando integrar as atividades do Caderno do Aluno à utilização de jogos para tratar o tema probabilidade. Descreve ainda, as características da escola onde foi aplicada a proposta, o detalhamento das atividades desenvolvidas, os materiais empregados, a avaliação do conteúdo que foi aplicada aos alunos e um questionário em que eles puderam responder e avaliar a prática utilizada.
Amorim, Andreza Soares Espínola de. "Produção do gênero Carta de solicitação no 9° ano do ensino fundamental: a escrita como prática social." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8910.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T14:25:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2472000 bytes, checksum: 1da40c449f0799bfa5b98bc5ce04cafe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-29
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
For several decades, Portuguese Language teaching in schools was founded on a normative perspective, turning almost exclusively to the assimilation of grammar rules or standard language. In this context, the activities of reading and writing took place in a decontextualized way, unrelated to students experience, which made difficult the development of these skills. Against this teaching model, the work proposal from discourse genres, in which fits the current study, seeks to explore text in real conditions of use, highlighting the communicative function beyond the formal aspects of each genre. Based on theorists as Bakhtin (2011) and Marcuschi (2010) with regard to the conception of discoursive/ textual genre, and Dolz, Schneuwly and Noverraz (2011) in relation to Didactic Sequences, among others. The present study aims to prepare 9th grade students of public Elementary School located in the countryside of Pedro Régis (PB) to recognize and produce the genre letter of request from its linguistic and discursive functioning and its social use, investigating the development of skills and argumentative strategies, from the proposed contextualized textual genre production and subsidized by a didactic sequence. The genre was chosen for enabling writing with a concrete social function: request rights and persuade a specific interlocutor, through argument, to take action on any situation. Counting with ten (10) volunteer students, the corpus of our analysis was made for the first and last version of the texts produced by them during the Sequence's implementation. Based on the first productions, we mapped the main difficulties presented by students about genre, from that mapping, modules / workshops were developed aiming to overcome these difficulties. After the comparative analysis between the two versions of the letters, we identified that advances were more significant in the following ways: informativeness, cohesion mechanisms and development of argument. Therefore, the results indicate that the use of DS in the teaching-learning process of investigated genre contributed to enlarge the linguistic-discursive competence of students.
Durante muitas décadas, o ensino da língua portuguesa nas escolas esteve alicerçado sobre uma perspectiva normativa, voltando-se quase exclusivamente para a assimilação das regras gramaticais ou da norma culta. Nesse contexto, as atividades de leitura e de escrita ocorriam de maneira descontextualizada, sem relação com a vivência dos alunos, o que dificultava o desenvolvimento dessas habilidades. De encontro a esse modelo de ensino, a proposta de trabalho a partir de gêneros discursivos, na qual se enquadra a presente pesquisa, procura explorar o texto em condições reais de uso, com destaque para a função comunicativa além dos aspectos formais de cada gênero. Aportando-se em teóricos como Bakhtin (2011) e Marcuschi (2010), no que diz respeito à concepção de gênero discursivo/textual, e Dolz, Schneuwly e Noverraz (2011), no que se refere às Sequências Didáticas, entre outros. O trabalho que ora se apresenta tem como objetivo instrumentalizar os alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola municipal localizada na zona rural de Pedro Régis, PB, para reconhecerem e produzirem o gênero carta de solicitação a partir de seu funcionamento linguístico-discursivo e de seu uso social, investigando o desenvolvimento de habilidades e estratégias argumentativas, a partir da proposta de produção textual contextualizada do gênero e subsidiada por uma sequência didática. O gênero foi escolhido por possibilitar a escrita com uma função social concreta: solicitar direitos e persuadir um interlocutor específico, por meio de argumentos, a tomar providências sobre alguma situação. Contando com 10 (dez) alunos voluntários, o corpus da nossa análise foi composto pela primeira e pela última versão dos textos por eles produzidos durante a aplicação da Sequência. Com base nas primeiras produções, mapeamos as principais dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos no tocante ao gênero e, a partir desse mapeamento, foram elaborados os módulos/oficinas com vistas à superação dessas dificuldades. Após a análise comparativa entre as duas versões das cartas, identificamos que os avanços foram mais significativos nos seguintes aspectos: informatividade, mecanismos de coesão e desenvolvimento da argumentação. Os resultados apontam, portanto, para a conclusão segundo a qual a utilização da SD no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do gênero investigado contribuiu para ampliar a competência linguístico-discursiva dos estudantes.
Quevedo, Gabriel Almeida. "Compreensão dos conceitos de área e perímetro : um estudo de caso." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149219.
Full textThe aim of this paper has been to identify and analyse how the students understand the concepts of area and perimeter. The choice of this topic happened during our teaching experience while observing the difficulty of the students in solving geometry problems. To reach this aim, we have worked with a ninth year of primary school class, during nine classes, using a sequence of activities. These students, who participated in the study, belong to a state school, located near Porto Alegre downtown, Rio Grande do Sul. Our main theoretical framework was Gérard Vergnaud’s Theory of Conceptual Fields and the stages of quantities of learning proposed by plaza and Gómez. With the help of this theory, we elaborated the activities and tried to comprehend how the students understand the ideas of area and perimeter. In these activities, problems that discussed the topic were proposed, in which the students were invited to measure, visualise geometric constructions, apply the concepts and execute the calculations. From this data, discussions on the reason the students have difficulties and/or success with the problems happened. As we analysed the answers of each student, we can affirm that our methodology was a qualitative study with case study approach. From the analyses of these answers, based on Vergnaud, Plaza e Gómez and other authors who have discussed the topic, we elaborated a didactic sequence with a proposal that helps the students to understand area and perimeter. It was verified that many of the mistakes made by the students were connected to a poor understanding of the concepts involved in the problems, and, most of them, during the solution of the problems, tried to apply the definitions and formulas even when it didn’t make any sense. It was also verified that some indicatives of a reconstruction of these concepts, through the proposed sequence, is possible.
Monteiro, Ejane Dusek de Novaes. "Sequência didática com abordagem CTSA para o estudo das funções orgânicas." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4774.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Biblioteca Central do Valonguinho Biblioteca Central do Valonguinho (bcv@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-10-03T22:28:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao Ejane.pdf: 6232518 bytes, checksum: 2d2bd1daf5e29cccf486ab664ea40980 (MD5) Produto Ejane.pdf: 1815078 bytes, checksum: 1d36482b9ffd4c785a3b16a0e7be0ea5 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T22:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao Ejane.pdf: 6232518 bytes, checksum: 2d2bd1daf5e29cccf486ab664ea40980 (MD5) Produto Ejane.pdf: 1815078 bytes, checksum: 1d36482b9ffd4c785a3b16a0e7be0ea5 (MD5)
A partir de um tema gerador de cunho social, Poluição Ambiental, com enfoque CTSA (Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente), selecionado através de uma investigação prévia junto aos educandos, foi desenvolvida e aplicada uma proposta de Sequência Didática para o estudo das diferentes funcionalidades dos Compostos Orgânicos. Aliou-se a esse trabalho a concepção de educação proposta por Paulo Freire. Optou-se por uma pesquisa com abordagem metodológica qualitativa de natureza aplicada, junto aos alunos da 3ᵃsérie do Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública da Baixada Fluminense em São João de Meriti – RJ. Os dados foram coletados por meio de aplicação de questionário diagnóstico, observações, discussões com os educandos, fotografias, registros escritos e avaliação informal e formal. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as atividades desenvolvidas através da sequência didática sob a concepção dita acima, contribuíram para a construção de conhecimentos dos alunos, de forma progressiva, dando indícios de uma aprendizagem contextualizada, centrada na formação para a cidadania. Com o propósito de compartilhar o estudo desenvolvido com outros docentes, como produto final desse trabalho, foi elaborado um caderno contendo as atividades desenvolvidas e as orientações para que outros profissionais da área possam utilizá-lo e futuramente contribuir com novas ideias.
From a social theme generator, environmental pollution, CTSA approach (science, technology, society and environment), selected through a prior investigation together with the students, was developed and applied a proposal of Didactic Sequence for the study of the different functionality of organic compounds. Allied to this work of education proposed by Paulo Freire. We opted for a survey of qualitative methodological approach applied in nature, together with students from the 3ᵃ series high school, a public school of the Baixada Fluminense in São João de Meriti-RJ. The data were collected through questionnaires, diagnostic observations, discussions with learners, hotographs, written records and formal and informal assessment. The results obtained indicate that the activities developed through the teaching sequence under the conception said above, contributed to the construction of student knowledge, progressively, giving evidence a contextualized learning, focused on training for citizenship. With the purpose to share the study with other teachers, as a final product of this work, a notebook containing the activities and the guidelines for other professionals in the field can use it and contribute with new ideas.
Jensen, Gerda Maisa. "Charles Darwin (1809-1882) e os peixes elétricos: história e natureza da ciência no ensino de ciências na Educação de Jovens e Adultos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-13122016-111043/.
Full textThis thesis, History of Biology and Education part of the research line, was designed to introduce Science History episodes in elementary school science classes, mainly in Youth and Adult Education (YAE). The historical approach had two objectives in science teaching: promoting understanding of current scientific concepts related to the evolutionary theory of living beings and develop a perception on the characteristics of science and scientific inquiry. The first part of the thesis discusses the historical research and specially the episode in selected science history in which the same biological material - electric fish - were studied by different naturalists of the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. The interest was to know the main explanations for the phenomenon, first considered in a corpuscular and mechanical level, and then in an electric one, taken in the nineteenth century, in the context of evolutionary theory. The historical study was focused on the fact that the electric organs of fish belonging to different taxonomic groups were considered by Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) as a special difficulty for the principle of natural selection. This study indicated the approach adopted by English naturalist and compared it to the current scientific knowledge since this original historical study was devoted to the learning of a set of concepts related to the natural selection principle. The historical study followed the methodology research in history of science, through analysis of primary sources, in the light of secondary sources. The second part of the thesis is an empirical research that discusses the introduction of history of science in science education. The introduction of historical study in science education to adult education students was through planning, validation, implementation and evaluation of a Teaching Learning Sequence (TLS). The construction and validation of the TLS followed the parameters established by Méheut and Psillos (2004). The empirical research has been done according to the action-research methodology; the teacher-researcher, and YAE students in a public school, São Paulo. The triangulation of data was made from photographs, audiovisual recordings of classes, many student records along the teaching learning sequence, including answers to previous questionnaire (pre-test) and after (post-test) to the instructional sequence, semi-structured interviews, structured interviews and the teacher-researcher notes. The analysis of the following qualitative data, followed a methodology researched in the science education based on the authors Bogdan and Biklen (2014) and content analysis based on Bardin (1994). The main results of empirical research on the historical approach of science in science/biology education at the Youth and Adult Education are the increasing in the number of students with more informed perceptions about science and understanding the principle of natural selection to explain the origin of species - a current scientific content, considered complex and far from students\' daily lives
Singer, Annabelle. "Learning, remembering, and relating sequences in the hippocampus." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390077.
Full textPinto, Rafael Coimbra. "Online incremental one-shot learning of temporal sequences." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49063.
Full textThis work introduces novel neural networks algorithms for online spatio-temporal pattern processing by extending the Incremental Gaussian Mixture Network (IGMN). The IGMN algorithm is an online incremental neural network that learns from a single scan through data by means of an incremental version of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm combined with locally weighted regression (LWR). Four different approaches are used to give temporal processing capabilities to the IGMN algorithm: time-delay lines (Time-Delay IGMN), a reservoir layer (Echo-State IGMN), exponential moving average of reconstructed input vector (Merge IGMN) and self-referencing (Recursive IGMN). This results in algorithms that are online, incremental, aggressive and have temporal capabilities, and therefore are suitable for tasks with memory or unknown internal states, characterized by continuous non-stopping data-flows, and that require life-long learning while operating and giving predictions without separated stages. The proposed algorithms are compared to other spatio-temporal neural networks in 8 time-series prediction tasks. Two of them show satisfactory performances, generally improving upon existing approaches. A general enhancement for the IGMN algorithm is also described, eliminating one of the algorithm’s manually tunable parameters and giving better results.
Leite, Rondineli Schulthais. "O ensino de parte da geometria do ensino fundamental: análise de dificuldades e sugestão de sequência didática." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6467.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho tem por objetivo construir um aprendizado sistemático e eficaz de parte dos mais importantes conceitos geométricos do nono ano do ensino fundamental, utilizando o software GeoGebra como instrumento inovador na construção de uma sequência didática que contribua de forma significativa na compreensão dos conteúdos geométricos. São eles: semelhança de triângulos, teorema de Tales, relações métricas no triângulo retângulo, teorema de Pitágoras e trigonometria. Deseja-se que estes conteúdos sejam trabalhados de forma harmoniosa, diferentemente da prática comum que organiza estes assuntos em tópicos como se não houvesse interligação entre seus conceitos. Realizamos pesquisas investigativas com alunos e professores no intuito de observar as principais dificuldades dos estudantes no aprendizado da geometria do nono ano e de verificar possíveis equívocos realizados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem desses conceitos geométricos. Em posse dos resultados da pesquisa, iniciamos a construção da sequência didática, buscando desobstruir os principais obstáculos observados na condução desses conteúdos, favorecendo o aprendizado organizado com orientação do professor, mas construído pelo próprio aluno. Para isso, produzimos cinco atividades de aspecto exclusivamente introdutório desses assuntos, organizadas em roteiros de trabalho de tal forma a conduzir os alunos ao aprendizado gradual e consistente por meio de manipulações realizadas no software GeoGebra. A avaliação desta sugestão de sequência didática se faz importante, merecendo estudos posteriores que a verifique como instrumento metodológico eficaz na condução do ensino desses conteúdos geométricos
This paper aims to build an effective and systematic learning of the most important geometric concepts of the ninth year of elementary school, using the software GeoGebra as an innovative tool in building a didactic sequence that contributes significantly to the understanding of the geometric content. They are: similarity of triangles, Tales theorem, metric relations in the rectangle-triangle, trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. It is hoped that these contents are worked harmoniously, unlike the common practice that organizes these issues on topics as if there was no connection between their concepts. We conducted an investigative research with students and teachers in order to observe the main problems students have in learning geometry in ninth grade, and check possible mistakes made in the teaching and learning process of these geometrical concepts. In possession of the search results, we started the didactic sequence construction, seeking to unclog the main obstacles observed in the leading of these contents, favoring organized learning with teacher s guidance, but constructed by the student. For this, we produced five activities in an introductory aspect, exclusively, of these issues, organized in labor routings so to lead students onto a gradual and consistent learning through manipulations performed in the software GeoGebra. The evaluation of this suggestion of didactic sequence becomes important and deserves further studies to verify how effective it is as a tool in the conducting of teaching these geometric contents
Labella-Sánchez, Natalia. "Análise de necessidades e gêneros de texto para o planejamento de material didático de espanhol para fins específicos : o curso técnico em transações imobiliárias." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/135033.
Full textThis qualitative research focuses on the design and conceptualization of learning materials aimed at the teaching of Spanish for specific purposes based on genres for the subsequent modality course of a Federal Institute in the southern of Brazil: the course of Technician in Real Estate. Because vocational education courses aim to train and professionally qualify students, they provide the right context for the teaching of languages for specific purposes (LSP). For courses of LSP, it is essential to carry out a needs analysis that supports the design and conceptualization of learning materials aimed to meet the specific professional and academic needs of students (HUTCHINSON; WATERS, 1996). Thus, with the intent to conceptualize a didactic proposal for the teaching of Spanish based on genres for vocational education courses, the concept of genres have been considered since the needs analysis stage in the research. The theoretical foundations used to support such an analysis come from the Rhetorical Genre Studies, specially, the theoretical and methodological proposal of the study of activity systems (BAZERMAN, 2005) to identify and comprehend the genres that circulate in a specific socio-communicative context. For the stage of analysis and didactization of the characteristics of the identified genres, the theoretical and methodological framework of the Sociodiscursive Interactionism (SDI) has been used, more specifically the proposal of didactization of language capacities needed for the production and/or consumption of genres, based on the production of didactic sequences (SCHNEUWLY, 1998; 2004; DOLZ; SCHNEUWLY, 1998; SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004a, DOLZ; NOVERRAZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004). The corpus was generated through surveys and semi-structured interviews, field notes and the gathering of exemplars of genres. Among the methodological procedures adopted to analyse the activity systems of the real estate agents, Bazerman’s methodological proposal (2005) and the techniques and procedures of grounded theory to code, categorize and relate pieces of information were used (STRAUSS; CORBIN, 2008; CHARMAZ, 2009). In relation to the analysis of the didactic characteristics of the genres identified, the methodological suggestions of the SDI framework were used (DOLZ; SCHNEUWLY, 1998; CRISTOVÃO et al., 2010; CRISTOVÃO; STUTZ, 2011). The findings indicate that the analysis of the activity systems of real estate agents of Porto Alegre and the identification of the genres in Spanish that can be used by such professionals, to engage with Hispanic-speaker clients, generated relevant informative subsidy to: (a) know the language capacities, especially those of the pre-textual level of analysis, that constitute the genres in Spanish; (b) guide the design of Spanish teaching material for real estate agents based on didactic sequences; (c) produce instructions and activities that explore the language capacities characteristic of genres based on the socio-communicative situations needed for their production and/or consumption. The study allowed the conclusion that the relation of intersection and complementarity between the study of activity systems (BAZERMAN, 2005) and the proposal of didactization of SDI have potential to subsidize the design of learning materials for the teaching of languages for specific purposes.
Esta investigación, de naturaleza cualitativa, trata de la planificación y creación de un material didáctico destinado a la enseñanza de español para fines específicos acerca de géneros de texto para un curso de Gestor Técnico Inmobiliario, en un Instituto Federal del sur de Brasil. Siendo cursos que tienen por objetivo impartir formación y cualificación profesional, esos cursos técnicos presentan un contexto favorable para la enseñanza de lenguas para fines específicos (ELFE). Para cursos de ELFE, es esencial realizar un análisis de necesidades que sirva como base para la planificación y creación de materiales dirigidos a atender las demandas académicas o profesionales específicas de los estudiantes (HUTCHINSON; WATERS, 1996). Con el interés de crear una propuesta didáctica de enseñanza de español con base en géneros de texto para ese tipo de curso, se consideró el tema de los géneros desde la etapa de análisis de necesidades. Las concepciones teóricas utilizadas para fundamentar ese análisis vienen de la socio-retórica, especialmente, de la propuesta teórico-metodológica de estudio del sistema de actividades (BAZERMAN, 2005) para la identificación y comprensión de los géneros de texto que circulan en determinado entorno sociocomunicativo. Para la etapa de análisis y didactización de las características de los géneros identificados, se utilizó el cuadro teórico-metodológico del interaccionismo sociodiscursivo (ISD), más específicamente la propuesta de didactización de las capacidades de lenguaje necesarias para la producción y/o recepción de géneros de texto, a través de la elaboración de secuencias didácticas (SCHNEUWLY, 1998; 2004; DOLZ; SCHNEUWLY, 1998; SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004a, DOLZ; NOVERRAZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004). El corpus fue constituido por medio de la aplicación de cuestionarios y de la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas, anotaciones de campo y colecta de ejemplares de géneros de texto. Entre los procedimientos metodológicos adoptados para analizar el sistema de actividades de los agentes inmobiliarios, se utilizó la propuesta metodológica de Bazerman (2005) y las técnicas y procedimientos de la teoría fundamentada en los datos para codificar, categorizar y relacionar las informaciones (STRAUSS; CORBIN, 2008; CHARMAZ,2009). Para el análisis de las características didácticas de los géneros de textos identificados, se utilizaron las sugestiones metodológicas de cuadro ISD (DOLZ; SCHNEUWLY, 1998;CRISTOVÃO et al., 2010; CRISTOVÃO; STUTZ, 2011). Los resultados muestran que el análisis del sistema de actividades de los agentes inmobiliarios de Porto Alegre y la identificación de los géneros de texto de español que pueden ser utilizados por esos profesionales, en la atención a clientes hispanohablantes, produjeron relevante contribución informativa para: (a) conocer las capacidades de lenguaje que constituyen los géneros de texto en este idioma, especialmente las de nivel pre-textual; (b) orientar la planificación de un material didáctico de idioma español para agentes inmobiliarios, organizados a través de secuencias didácticas; (c) elaborar enunciados y actividades que busquen desarrollar las capacidades de lenguaje características de los géneros tomando en cuenta las situaciones sociocomunicativas necesarias para su producción y/o recepción. Fue posible concluir que la relación de intersección y complementariedad entre el estudio del sistema de actividades (BAZERMAN, 2005) y la propuesta de didactización del ISD tiene potencial para apoyar la planificación de material didáctico para ELFE, organizado en secuencias didácticas.
Wilde, Heather Jo. "Proportional and non-proportional transfer of movement sequences." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3082.
Full textRocha, Jennyfer Alves. "A compreensão da natureza da ciência a partir do estudo de radioatividade : contribuição de uma sequência de ensino-aprendizagem." Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8560.
Full textEsta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento de uma Sequência de Ensino-Aprendizagem (SEA) elaborada na perspectiva da História e Filosofia da Ciência, verificando as suas contribuições para a percepção dos alunos sobre a Natureza da Ciência e elaboração conceitual em torno do tema radioatividade. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 26 alunos do 2o ano do Ensino Médio do Colégio de Aplicação, localizado no município de São Cristóvão, em Sergipe. Ela apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa e partiu da hipótese de que uma SEA construída a partir de uma Abordagem Contextual pode contribuir para a compreensão dos alunos acerca da Natureza da Ciência. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários e gravações em vídeo. Os dados oriundos das gravações em vídeos foram mapeados originando episódios da sala de aula, de acordo com a metodologia apresentada em Mortimer et al. (2007) e em Silva (2008) e juntamente aos dados obtidos por meio dos questionários foram submetidos a uma Análise Textual Discursiva (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2006). As sequências discursivas que compõem os episódios e as respostas apresentadas aos questionários foram caracterizadas considerando-se categorias emergentes que revelam a compreensão dos alunos acerca de aspectos relativos à Natureza da Ciência e aos conceitos envolvidos no tema radioatividade. A análise das interações desenvolvidas ao longo da SEA, bem como dos dados oriundos dos questionários, foram fundamentais para evidenciar a variedade de sentidos atribuídos pelos alunos aos termos descoberta, método científico e ciência. O investimento da professora/pesquisadora em fomentar as discussões em sala de aula, bem como as ferramentas mediadoras por ela empregadas favoreceram o avanço das concepções dos alunos rumo à ruptura de estereótipos sobre a Natureza da Ciência. Assim, percebeu-se que, em paralelo ao avanço conceitual relativo ao tema radioatividade, a SEA contribuiu positivamente para desestabilizar as concepções empirista, linear, neutra e masculina de ciência, possibilitando a percepção desta como resultado de uma comunidade de prática histórico e socialmente situada.
São Cristóvão, SE
Al-Raisi, Seema F. A. R. "Machine learning-based human observer analysis of video sequences." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33581.
Full textBerçot, Filipe Faria. "História da biologia e natureza da ciência na formação inicial de professores: uma sequência didática sobre reprodução animal no século XVIII nos estudos de Charles Bonnet e Abraham Trembley." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-11012019-142836/.
Full textThis dissertation comprises of the elaboration, validation, application and evaluation of a Teaching Learning Sequence (TLS) aimed at preservice teachers of Biological Sciences, structured on Inquiry learning (EI) and Design Based Research (DBR) and based on episodes from the History of Biology of the eighteenth century. The main objectives of this dissertation are to promote specific historical knowledge (historical content), to review concepts of animal reproduction (scientific content) from the perspective of its didactic application and to foster informed conceptions about Nature of Science (NOS). The historical episodes were based in the studies on animal reproduction carried out by the naturalists Charles Bonnet (1720-1793) and Abraham Trembley (1710-1784) who culminated in the understanding of modes of asexual reproduction, some of them unknown until then. When studying specimens of aphids, popularly known as \"aphids\", Bonnet was able to identify and to describe the phenomenon of \"multiplication without mating\" (parthenogenesis). Abraham Trembley, when collecting and isolating water insects, observed a kind of creature, later named \"freshwater polyps\" (hydra, from the group of cnidarians). Their studies on hydra culminated on \"discovery\" of reproduction by regeneration and budding. Besides, based on research methods of History of Science, the historical contents were developed and presented in specific chapters in order to offer the broader context of research on living beings in the eighteenth century. Also, the historical content might subside the creation of instructional resources - the educational products of this dissertation. The first one are Historical Narratives, textual resources structured according to Inquiry learning, whose content is organized using problems from the very studies of Trembley and Bonnet, using colloquial language and positioning the reader/student in the research context of the time. The plot is still interspersed with THINK questions, which are specific break moments in order to discuss explicitly aspects of NOS most directly involved. The second resource are prototypes of a Virtual Learning Object based on Bonnet studies about reproduction in aphids. The third one, is a script of Physical Replication of Historical Experiments, about Abraham Trembley\'s studies on freshwater polyps. These instructional resources and didactical strategies compose a TLS, implemented, validated and analyzed according to the Design-Based Research (DBR). The DBR approach is a methodological and theoretical framework implemented through successive applications, or \"iterations\" of TLS versions (prototypes), after cycles of data analysis are extracted Design Principles that should guide not only the refinement of TLS during the ongoing iterations, as helping to create parameters, both theoretical and practical, for the construction of new TLS, in similar teaching contexts. The TLS elaborated in this research underwent two validations and two iterations. The first on was carried out by four primary high school teachers\' members of the Laboratory of History of Biology and Teaching of Institute of Biosciences - USP in 2015. The second one was carried out by specialists on history and philosophy of science and teaching of the University Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 2017. The first iteration of the TLS was applied and evaluated with ten undergraduates enrolled in the elective course, Strategies for Teaching Genetics and Evolution in High School, of the Biological Sciences course of the Institute of Biosciences of the University of São Paulo (IB-USP), in 2015. The second one, applied on ten preservice teachers enrolled on the discipline of Pedagogical Practice in Biology I, with preservice teachers at Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, in 2016. In both cases, a Free and Informed Consent Form (TCLE) was administered and signed by the research participants. The instruments of data collection of the TLS prototypes included participative observation, audio recording of activities and strategies, student productions, questionnaires and interviews. Due the predominantly qualitative analysis, the collected data were triangulated and compared to validated and established rubrics, in order to determining the relevant variables in the promotion of the learning of the meta-scientific and scientific content addressed in the TLS and the delineation of indicators for proposition Principles of Design. The results of this work, collected through iterative cycles of TLS prototypes, allow to conclude that the association between episodes of the history of biology, nature of science and Inquiry learning is an efficient strategy for the promotion of NOS aspects related to make scientific in disciplines of initial teacher training. Nevertheless, in order to increase the robustness of the Design Principles proposed in this dissertation, new iteration cycles, if possible increasing the amount of participants and similar educational scenarios, are recommended