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1
Al-Jarrah, Rasheed S. "An optimality-theoretic analysis of stress in the English of native Arabic speakers." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1238739.
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The overall purpose of this study is to analyze the acquisition of English word-stress by Arabic speakers in light of advancements in Optimality Theory. It has been reported that Arab second language learners of English have difficulty in acquiring the various patterns of English word stress. According to OT, the reason for this difficulty is that although these speakers, like native speakers, have full command of the universal and violable constraints that are operative in determining where stress falls in the word, they fail to capture or induce the exact ordering of these constraints. The basic premise of OT is that each grammar is a unique way of ordering the set of universal and violable constraints that determine the actual output form of a certain linguistic feature, say word-stress in this case. In other words, whereas Arabic word-stress and English word-stress are both subject to the same set of universal and violable constraints, they differ in one respect: the ordering of these constraints. The sole task of the learner then is to capture the correct ordering that determines which syllable in each word carries main stress.This study consists of four chapters. In chapter one, we introduce the problem of the study and the basic background information for an OT analysis, the task we undertake for word stress in subsequent chapters. Chapter two reviews word-stress placement in three competing models: linear approach (Chomsky and Halle 1968), nonlinear approach (Liberman and Prince 1977; McCarthy 1979; Hayes 1980, 1982, 1991), and finally Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993; McCarthy and Prince 1993a, b). In chapter three, we introduce the set of constraints that are relevant for predicting the place of stress, not just in English and Arabic, but in all languages. Hence, these constraints are literally present in all languages, though their ranking is language-specific. Then, we develop a ranking of the set of constraints particular to Arabic and another one particular to English. In chapter four, we set out to compare the two constraint rankings in order to (1) predict stress errors in the interlanguage of native speakers of Arabic when learning English, and (2) demonstrate how, by making use of the notion of constraint demotion, those learners can make their English more native-like with respect to stress placement.This study has diverted from a standard OT analysis in at least two ways. First, we allow for some alignment constraint (namely MAIN-RIGHT) to be interpreted as a nongradient constraint. Second, we allow for constraint parameterization. NONFINAL is parameterized to account for Arabic word stress; and WSP is parameterized to account for English word stress.This study has shown that there are significant differences between Arabic and English as far as the ranking of the universal and violable constraints is concerned. Among the major differences are the following. (1) WSP is irrelevant for stress placement in Arabic. (2) Arabic requires that FOOT-BINARITY be interpreted under a moraic analysis, but English requires it to be interpreted under a syllabic analysis. (3) Arabic requires constructing metrical feet from left to right (i.e. ALL-FEET-LEFT >> ALL-FEET RIGHT), English require that it be the other way around (i.e. ALL-FEETRIGHT >> ALL-FEET-LEFT). (4) In. ploysyllabic words, whereas a final syllable that weighs two or more moras is parsed in English, only a final syllable that weighs three moras is parsed in Arabic. (5) Arabic requires that PARSEσ dominates FOOTBINARITY, but English requires the opposite ranking.
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Aboutaj, Heidi H. (Heidi Huttar). "Finitness and Verb-Raising in Second Language Acquisition of French by Native Speakers of Moroccan Arabic." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277683/.
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In this thesis, the three hypotheses on the nature of early L2 acquisition (the Full Transfer/Full Access view of Schwartz and Sprouse (e.g., 1996), the Minimal Trees view of Vainikka and Young-Scholten (e.g., 1996), and the Valueless Features view of Eubank (e.g., 1996)), are discussed. Analysis of the early French production by two native speakers of Moroccan Arabic is done to determine if the L1 grammar is transferred onto the L2 grammar. In particular, the phenomena of verb-raising (as determined by the verb's position vis-a-vis negation) and finiteness are examined. The results of this study indicate that the relevant structures of Moroccan Arabic do not transfer onto the emerging French grammar.
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Qandil, Mahmoud Ahmed. "The Effect of Text Structure and Signaling Devices on Recall of Freshman Arab Students." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331413/.
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The problem of this study was to examine the effect of text structure and signaling devices on immediate and delayed recalls of freshman Arabic-speaking students after reading a text. Subjects for the study were forty-five freshman Arabic-speaking students enrolled in three freshman English courses at a state university. All subjects were male students. The subjects-were chosen on a voluntary basis. The subjects were given the Reading Comprehension Section of the TOEFL. They were then divided into groups of good, average, and poor readers according to their performance on the TOEFL. Two well—organized passages of expository text with clearly identifiable top-level structure of problem/solution and appropriate reading levels were selected for the study. Two versions of each passage were adapted — one with the signaling devices included in the passage and the other with the signaling devices deleted. Each subject read one version of each of the two passages. The immediate and delayed recalls of the subjects were scored by an unbiased scorer. The scorer was an expert teacher of English to foreign students. Hypothesis I stated that good readers would be able to utilize the writer's rhetorical mode of the text at a significantly higher level than average and poor readers. This hypothesis was supported. The results of Chi square analysis was significant at the .03 level for immediate recall, and at the .01 level for the delayed recall. Hypothesis II stated that readers of each of the three groups who followed the original rhetorical mode of the text would recall significantly more information than those who failed to do so. This hypothesis was also supported. The results of the Two-way Analysis of Variance were significant at the .01 level for both immediate and delayed recalls. Hypothesis III stated that the students of all three groups would recall significantly more information from the passage with signaling devices than from the passage without signaling devices. This hypothesis was not supported. Signaling devices helped good and average readers to recall significantly more information, while the group of poor readers was not affected by the presence of these signaling devices. The findings suggest that training non-native speakers in identifying and utilizing different rhetorical structures might facilitate their reading comprehension. There is also a parallel need in writing instruction so that writers can . offer this facility to their readers.
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Alolayan, Fahad. "THE USE OF READING STRATEGIES IN ARABIC BY NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1441.
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With increasing opportunities to study abroad, learning to read in a foreign language has become increasingly important for countless second language learners. International students in pursuit of higher education degrees are required and expected to read in the target language at the same level of fluency and comprehension as their native-speaking counterparts. The number of international students studying in Arabic higher education institutions has followed the general ascending trend. For these second language speakers of Arabic, good reading skills in Arabic are essential for their academic success. Since the use of reading strategies is an important component of first and second language reading, this study aimed to investigate the use of reading strategies by native and non-native speakers of Arabic when reading academic materials in Arabic. In addition, it aimed to explore possible differences in the use of reading strategies between these two groups. For this purpose, a total of 305 students participated in the study. A survey composed of 30 items was administered to 222 non-native speakers of Arabic, and the same survey with 28 items was administered to 83 native speakers of Arabic. The survey included demographic questions adapted from Mokhtari and Sheorey (2008) and employed the questionnaire SORS used by Mokhtari and Sheorey (2002). These 30 items belonged to three strategy subscales: Global, Problem-solving, and Support strategies. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics and multiple independent t-tests were performed. In addition, an analysis was performed to find the most and least used reading strategies by both groups as well as possible differences between them in terms of reading strategy use. Problem-solving strategies were the most frequently used by both groups with a slightly higher use by the non-native speakers. Regarding the other two types, the native and non-native speakers showed different preferences. Specifically, Support strategies were the second most favored type among the non-native speakers, whereas for the native speakers, the second most frequently used type were Global strategies. However, even though Global strategies were the least used among non-native speakers, the non-native speakers' mean score on Global strategies use was higher than the native speaker score of use. Overall, the similarities and differences in the use of reading strategies by native and non-native speakers of Arabic deserve attention because they carry implications for both reading research and pedagogy. These empirical findings can be used by Education policy makers to create training courses and workshops that will help students improve their reading skills in general and reading strategies in particular. This study also suggests that there is a need for further research that will examine how the use of reading strategies is related to the academic performance of native and non-native speakers.
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Kennedy, Elizabeth Anne. "The oral interaction of native speakers and non-native speakers in a multicultural preschool : a comparison between freeplay and contrived NS/NNS dyads." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28082.
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While researchers generally recommend a 1:1 ratio of native speakers (NSs) to non-native speakers (NNSs) be maintained in multicultural preschool classrooms, these- ideal proportions are often unrealistic in regions where populations reflect high concentrations of ethnic groups. In these areas, where enrolments usually consist of a majority of NNSs, pedagogical modifications may be necessary to ensure second language learners are exposed to sufficient amounts of 'meaningful target language input' which is considered essential for second language acquisition (Krashen, 1979).
This study investigated the effects of deliberate pairing on NSs and those NNSs who had low English language proficiency (L) in one multicultural preschool where NNSs outnumbered NSs by 3:1. Four NS subjects were videotaped, employing a multiple baseline design, as they interacted with their peers during a math game activity time. The effects of the treatment on four interactional measures were analysed using Ruvusky's statistic.
Results, as predicted, indicated significant differences for three of the four measures. When deliberately paired, both NSs and NNSs(L) took more turns, and NSs uttered significantly more directives to their NNS(L) peers than they did during the freeplay situation. -Deliberate pairing of NSs and NNSs(L) has been shown to be a successful technique for exposing NNSs(L) to increased levels of target language input in this multicultural preschool. Implications for teachers are outlined and the role of NSs in multicultural classrooms is discussed.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Wynne, Hilary Suzanne Zinsmeyer. "The phonological encoding of complex morphosyntactic structures in native and non-native English speakers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:39fd5b76-2099-4f42-a428-e4c2df39685d.
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Theories of phonological word formation (e.g. Selkirk 1980, 1986; Nespor & Vogel 1986; Lahiri & Plank 2010) assume that prosodic units are not isomorphic with syntactic units. However, the prosodic status of compounds remain uncertain, at least in so far as language planning and phonological encoding is concerned. Theories are not transparent about the prosodic status of compounds: although a noun-noun compound in English consists of two lexical words (and therefore two prosodic words), it can also act as a single prosodic item by exhibiting main stress on the first unit and carrying inflection. Thus the question remains controversial - should these items be treated as a single prosodic unit, similar to a monomorphemic word, or as two distinct units for the purpose of post-lexical representation? Recursive word formation may suggest that compounds are a single unit. Psycholinguistic evidence measuring speech onset latency in native speakers of Dutch and Portuguese also shows compounds being treated as single prosodic units (Wheeldon & Lahiri 1997, 2002; Vigario, 2010). Although recent studies have produced evidence for the prosodification of compounds in native speakers, little is known about the process in non-native speakers. Our research questions are as follows: what is the post-lexical planning unit in English, and how do non-native fluent speakers of English plan these units for the purpose of phonological encoding? To investigate our hypotheses, we focus on the phonological encoding of compounds with and without encliticisation, for native and non-native speakers of English. In a series of delayed priming tasks, we found overwhelming evidence that reaction times reflected the total number of prosodic units in the target sentence. In online tasks, however, speech latencies only reflected the size of the first prosodic unit. Taken together,these results suggest that, despite containing two lexical and prosodic words, English compounds are planned as single prosodic units, exhibiting encliticisation and reaction times similar to those of monomorphemic words. As shown by the results in this study, this naming paradigm has proved extremely beneficial for eliciting data about the structure of prosodic units in speech production. Not only was it successful for native speakers of Dutch, European Portuguese, and English, we also found that it was easily implemented into a study of post-lexical encoding in non-native speakers of English.
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Shirvani, Shahenayati Zahra. "A Comparison of Native and Non-Native English-Speaking Teaching Assistants." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330776/.
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The purposes of this study were to determine whether differences existed between the communication styles and teaching effectiveness, respectively, of native and non-native teaching fellows, as perceived by their undergraduate students. In addition, the study sought to determine whether a positive correlation existed between the final grades and the communication styles and teaching effectiveness, respectively, of native and non-native teaching fellows as perceived by their undergraduate students. In order to carry out the purposes of this study, six hypotheses were tested concerning the perception of native and non-native undergraduate students toward the communication style and teaching effectiveness of teaching fellows in North Texas State University.
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uhaibani, Saleh. "A comparative study of the present preparation programmes for teachers of Arabic for native and non-native speakers in the Riyadh Universities." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/533/.
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The main purpose of this study is to investigate of the similarities and dissimilarities between two types of Arabic language teacher preparation programmes: Teachers of Arabic as a Native Language (TANL) and Teachers of Arabic as a Foreign Language (TAFL) at King Saud University (KSU) and Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), both in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The research is thorough and goes beyond a comparison of mere descriptive programme elements and practices as the data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and the practical observation of programmes. The thesis basically comprises two broad parts: the first half contains the background to the study, related literature, the historical development of teacher preparation programmes and the research methodology followed in this work. The second half deals with the analysis and evaluation of the data from a variety of angles. Among the most salient findings of this study are the following: the overemphasis on both programmes of theory at the expense of practice; the antiquated teaching approach and methods used; and, the overwhelming consensus for the necessity of programme evaluation and renovation. The programmes involved in this comparative study were found to be distinctly dissimilar in terms of clarity and specificity of their aims, admission policies, course components, structure and outcomes.
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Liu, Yue. "Teacher comments and students' risk-taking : native and non-native speakers of American English in basic writing." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1159150.
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This comparative case study examines how writing teachers comment on basic writing students' papers, how students respond to these comments, and how students take risks in their revising process. Four U.S., four ESOL basic writing students, and four basic writing teachers participated in the study. Three writing samples of the students' choices including drafts, revisions, and final papers were collected, coded, and analyzed to see the amount of risk-taking. Students were asked to complete the Daly and Miller's Writing Apprehension Test along with a Demographic Information Check Sheet. Each student was interviewed three times: once for each writing sample, and each teacher was interviewed once. The study revealed that students in the study appreciated teachers' written comments on their multiple-draft papers, and that teachers' comments, particularly the ones on content and organization, did help improve their writing ability and motivated these students to take risks in trying new ideas in revision. The ESOL writers tend to take fewer risks and regard revision as making lexical changes because of their unfamiliarity with the English usage and writing conventions, while the U.S. writers take more risks and view revision as a recursive process with different levels of attention.The main purpose of the study was to find out what major factors motivated students' risk-taking in their revisions so that writing teachers will be able to provide comments that motivate students to become better writers. This study will contribute to the understanding of what students really think of teachers' written comments.Department of English
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Fujita, Kyoko. "Roles of native and non-native teachers in English education in Japan : teachers' and students' perceptions." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98923.
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This study explores issues related to native and non-native English speaking teachers in the context of Japanese English education, specifically in public junior high school settings in relatively rural areas of Japan. The study mainly asks Japanese teachers of English, assistant language teachers employed in the Japan Exchange and Teaching Programme, and students about their perceptions of the roles of native and non-native teachers in their English classrooms. These stakeholders seem to have preconceived assumptions about the roles of native and non-native teachers. These include native teachers as opportunity providers and motivators and non-native teachers as facilitators. These fixed roles in the stakeholders' perceptions of the roles of native and non-native teachers may prevent them from expanding their possibilities and may reinforce the existing distinction between native and non-native speakers. Implications for policy makers and stakeholders include the need to adopt a perspective of English as an international language into the goals of Japanese English education to value collaborative teaching and reconceptualize the roles of Japanese English teachers and assistant language teachers in classrooms.
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McGuire, Michael. "Formulaic sequences in English conversation: Improving spoken fluency in non-native speakers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11024/.
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Native speakers often ignore the limitless potential of language and stick to institutionalized formulaic sequences. These sequences are stored and processed as wholes, rather than as the individual words and grammatical rules which make them up. Due to research on formulaic sequence in spoken language, English as a Second Language / Foreign Language pedagogy has begun to follow suit. There has been a call for a shift from the traditional focus on isolated grammar and vocabulary to formulaic sequences and context. I tested this hypothesis with 19 L2 English learners who received 5 weeks of task-based instruction and found substantial progress in oral fluency only for the experimental group. Differences between pretest and posttest oral fluency were examined by looking at the learners' speech rate and their mean length of run. Subjective evaluation of fluency by 16 native English judges confirmed the calculated measures.
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Stevenson, Bill. "Peer Correction by Non-native Speakers of English in Oral Group Work." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4918.
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This research is observational and descriptive. Its primary purpose is to provide data on the extent to which, and how, Non-Native Speakers (NNSs) of English engage in error correction of their peers when participating in classroom oral group work. In addition, it shows to what extent these learners self-correct their own errors in the same situation. The over-arching focus of the study is to examine the role of second language learners to determine whether they possess the potential to play a more active and productive part in their own language learning. Nine beginning level adult university ESL students are the subjects of this research. They were placed in small groups and asked to perform specified classroom tasks designed to generate maximum oral interchange among the participants. The ensuing discussions provided the basis for the data which were collected via tape recording each group's proceedings. The data samples were listened to and coded per an error typology and any correction that took place. The data were then statistically analyzed via SYSTAT. The findings are consistent with the results of other research and indicate that while many errors are not treated, a significant number of them are corrected clearly and accurately. These results lend credence to the idea that second language learners may have much more to learn from each other than they think, and that they do have the potential to play a greater role in their own language learning. Much more research is indicated in order to better understand the multi-faceted phenomenon of second language learner error and its treatment.
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Tsang, Yvonne Shuk Kuen. "An analysis of teacher-pupil interaction in ESL classroom with reference to native speaking and non-native speaking teachers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1994. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/20.
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Liu, Wing-yi, and 廖詠儀. "Non-native speakers' strategies for coping with unknown words in reading passages." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196137X.
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Sawadogo, Ousmane. "PERCEPTION OF /q/ IN THE ARABIC /q/-/k/ CONTRAST BY NATIVE SPEAKERS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH: A DISCRIMINATION TASK." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1695.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Ousmane Sawadogo, for the Master of Arts degree in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, presented on May 4, 2015, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: PERCEPTION OF /q/ IN THE ARABIC /q/-/k/ CONTRAST BY NATIVE SPEAKERS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH: A DISCRIMINATION TASK MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Soo Jung Chang Studies on speech perception have suggested that non-native sound perception is influenced by the listener’s native language. Non-native sound contrast perception depends on a given sound’s similarity or dissimilarity to the listener’s equivalent native language sound. The Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) posits that it is difficult to distinguish non-native sounds when they are perceived as very similar to native sounds and are thus assimilated to a native sound category, but identification is easier when the non-native is sound is dissimilar to a native sound (Best, 1994a). The present study investigated whether native speakers of American English would display very good discrimination of /q/ in the Arabic /q/-/k/ contrast as predicted by the PAM. The Speech Learning Model (SLM) posits that non-native perception is position-sensitive and hypothesizes that the listener’s perception of non-native sounds would vary from one position to another (Flege, 1995). The current study also aimed to investigate whether the discrimination of the Arabic /q/-/k/ contrast would be position-sensitive. The current study also investigated the effect of the vocalic context on the discrimination of /q/. Participants consisted of 22 (6 male and 16 female) native speakers of American English who were students or faculty members at Southern Illinois University. Their ages ranged between 19 and over 50. The data were collected through an online AXB discrimination task survey. Target sounds were represented in 108 pseudowords so that the sounds could be contrasted in minimal pairs. The environments were word-initially followed by /i/, /u/, and /a/; word-medially, between two instances of /i/, two instances of /u/, and two instances of /a/; and word-finally, preceded by /i/, /u/, and /a/. Two pseudoword pairs were selected for each contrast. Four AXB combinations (AAB, ABB, BAA, and BBA) were generated for each of the nine contrasts, which resulted in a total of 36 stimuli. The participants were requested to click on a button to listen to the recordings of these word pairs and check the right answer. The findings were consistent with predictions made by PAM that native speakers of American English would have a very good discrimination of /q/ in the Arabic /q/-/k/ contrast. The results suggested that the uncategorized versus categorized (UC) type could also be of excellent discriminability. SLM was not totally supported because the differences were not statistically significant. However, the data indicated that some positions resulted in better discrimination scores than other positions and that certain vowels likewise resulted in better vocalic discrimination scores. Keywords: Discrimination task, non-native sound perception, Arabic /q/-/k/ contrast, position-sensitive, context-sensitive, vocalic context, UC type assimilation, Speech Leaning Model (SLM), Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM).
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Ng, Weng Kei Kei. "An investigation into non-native English teachers' attitiudes towards pedagogic models of pronunciation teaching." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953429.
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Isaacs, Talia. "Towards defining a valid assessment criterion of pronunciation proficiency in non-native English speaking graduate students." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98938.
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This exploratory, mixed-design study investigates whether intelligibility is "enough," that is, a suitable goal and an adequate assessment criterion, for evaluating proficiency in the pronunciation of non-native English speaking graduate students in the academic domain. The study also seeks to identify those pronunciation features which are most crucial for intelligible speech.Speech samples of 19 non-native English speaking graduate students in the Faculty of Education at McGill University were elicited using the Test of Spoken English (TSE), a standardized test of spoken proficiency which is often used by institutions of higher learning to screen international teaching assistants (ITAs). Results of a fined-grained phonological analysis of the speech samples coupled with intelligibility ratings of 18 undergraduate science students suggest that intelligibility, though an adequate assessment criterion, is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for graduate students to instruct undergraduate courses as teaching assistants, and that there is a threshold level (i.e., minimum acceptable level) of intelligibility that needs to be identified more precisely. While insights about the features of pronunciation that are most critical for intelligibility are inconclusive, it is clear that intelligibility can be compromised for different reasons and is often the result of a combination of "problem areas" that interact together.
The study has some important implications for ITA training and assessment, for the design of graduate student pronunciation courses, and for future intelligibility research. It also presents a first step in validating theoretical intelligibility models which lack empirical backing (e.g., Morley, 1994).
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Maby, Mark. "How non-native speakers learn polysemous words : a study of the equivalence of prototypicality across languages." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83122.
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This study investigated whether English second language learners learn the senses of polysemous vocabulary items in an order from a core sense to more extended senses. Polysemous words have one form but many interrelated meanings. It was hypothesised that such an order could be explained by way of the theory of prototypicality.48 ESL learners from three language groups, French, Japanese and Chinese, took part in the study. The participants translated into their first language 29 English sentences using different senses of the word over. Translations were coded for correct translations of the sense of over and for variation in the correct translations. A MANOVA analysis showed that core senses were translated significantly more correctly than extended senses. A negative correlation was shown between variation in translation and correctness of translation. Following Krzeszowski, T. (1990), the study confirms that the theory of prototypicality offers an effective way of explaining language transfer.
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Torres, Julie West. "Speaking up! Adult ESL students' perceptions of native and non-native English speaking teachers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4681/.
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Research to date on the native versus non-native English speaker teacher (NEST versus non-NEST) debate has primarily focused on teacher self-perception and performance. A neglected, but essential, viewpoint on this issue comes from English as a second language (ESL) students themselves. This study investigated preferences of adults, specifically immigrant and refugee learners, for NESTs or non-NESTs. A 34-item, 5-point Likert attitudinal survey was given to 102 students (52 immigrants, 50 refugees) enrolled in ESL programs in a large metropolitan area in Texas . After responding to the survey, 32 students volunteered for group interviews to further explain their preferences. Results indicated that adult ESL students have a general preference for NESTs over non-NESTs, but have stronger preferences for NESTs in teaching specific skill areas such as pronunciation and writing. There was not a significant difference between immigrants' and refugees' general preferences for NESTs over non-NESTs based on immigration status.
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Granlund, Jessica. "Teaching English grammar : A case study of the differences and similarities between teaching English grammar to native- and non-native speakers of English in Sweden and in the UK." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6862.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the similarities/differences in the views on and practices of grammar teaching of a Swedish teacher of English (FL – Foreign Language) and a UK teacher of English (L1 – First Language). Furthermore, the study tries to explain how the differences found in the comparison can be connected to each country’s different steering documents and to the different teaching conditions involved in teaching English to L1 learners compared to FL learners. The two participating teachers were both interviewed and observed. The results of this study show that the teachers’ grammar practices are very similar since they include explicit formal instruction both inductively and deductively, but with a focus on the latter. These are typical ‘Focus on FormS’ related practices even though both teachers want to achieve a ‘Focus on Form’ directed practice. Furthermore, both teachers use metalanguage in their teaching. The main difference between the teachers’ grammar approaches are the aims that they have with their teaching. The UK teacher aims at plain accuracy in her pupils’ written production whereas the Swedish teacher aims at developing all-round communicative abilities among her pupils. This is explained with the different accuracy-focus which each country’s steering documents hold.
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Dougherty, Timothy. "An investigation of the dual mechanism model of past tense formation : does the model apply to non-native speakers?" Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32906.
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The purpose of this research is to further investigate the ongoing debate between the Dual Mechanism Model and the Connectionist Model of language processing by investigating how knowledge of second language (L2) inflectional morphology is represented and processed by learners of English. Specifically, do second language learners of English use the same Dual Mechanism Model that Prasada and Pinker (1993) have argued is a universally applicable model, or does the Connectionist Model of language processing better explain L2 learning and language processing?The participants in this study were students in a Montreal area CEGEP. The instrument used to gather data was the Prasada and Pinker pseudo-verb list, with modifications suggested by Lee (1994) to create a revised list. Participants were asked to create past tense forms of pseudo verbs. In addition to this task, four participants were asked to do a simultaneous verbal think aloud, orally explaining their responses to the stimulus presented in the study.
The results of the studies indicate that English second language learners used both a rule based mechanism and an associative mechanism in the formation of both regular and irregular English verbs. This result provides support for the claims of the Connectionist model of past tense formation of English verbs, but also supports some of the claims of the Dual Mechanism Model. There are possible implications for the teaching and learning of English as a Second Language (ESL). This study also raises further research questions involving rule vs. associative learning in the teaching and learning of language. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Balfour, Robert John. "Investigating the integrated teaching of language and literary skills : trialling a new syllabus for non-native speakers of English in South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621833.
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Ahmad, Nordin. "The development of Reading Comprehension skills in Arabic Language for non-native speakers : A comparative study of Arabic programme between International Islamic University Malaysia (LLUM) and School of Oriental and African Studies University of London (S." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497196.
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Eda, Sanae. "Processing of intonation patterns in Japanese implications for Japanese as a foreign language /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086187589.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 164 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Mari Noda, Dept. of East Asian Languages and Literatures. Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-164).
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Sloan, Carol BonDurant. "Planning for Academic Success: Survey of University Professors' Assessments of Non-native Students' Language Skill Needs." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4777.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine which language skills university professors believe are most essential for academic success in Portland State University classes. The study can shed light on a question for future research: Do current academic ESL classes at Portland State University teach the necessary skills to help international students maximize their second-language learning potential in university-level courses. Enrollment statistics for 1993 I 94 show 53 percent of the 815 international students declared majors in two programs: the school of Business Administration and the school of Engineering and Applied Science. This study asked 31 instructors from business and engineering to assess which language skills--reading, writing, listening or speaking--were most important to success in their undergraduate and graduate classes; how they used the language skills; how international students performed in their classes compared with native speaking students; and to describe any critical incidents which appeared to have been caused by lack of comprehension of orally-presented materials. Interview questions were designed to establish a profile of each class and assess the relationship between the amount of culturally-embedded vocabulary and the degree of difficulty experienced by non-native speaking students. Three patterns emerged from the research. First, the ranking of language skills followed results of earlier national surveys showing the importance of reading and listening. All faculty ranked reading the "most important" language skill; reading and listening were ranked equally "most important" by engineering faculty; and writing varied by level and discipline; and speaking was ranked "least important" by all faculty. Second, all faculty ranked textbooks the preferred use of reading skills; note taking was the most-used listening skill; and class discussion was the mostused speaking skill. Writing activities varied by level and discipline, although reports and essay answers were the most frequently mentioned uses. Third, faculty said international students performed better in quantitative than qualitative classes. Within both disciplines, classes which manipulated numbers were less problematic than those which manipulated language with culturally-embedded context or vocabulary. Implications for ESL curriculum design suggest emphasis on skills considered most important by academic faculty.
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Mahmood, Nafisa. "Using Google Docs to Support Collaborative Learning and Enhance English Language Skills among Non-Native English Speaking Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404538/.
Full textAbstract:
Collaborative writing technologies such as Google Docs is believed to be a helpful tool in supporting the development of constructivist learning environments. However, not much research has been done among special populations outside the United States. This dissertation examines how using google docs can enhance collaborative learning among non-native English-speaking students at a university in Oman. A total of 52 students participated in this study, where they completed a collaborative writing activity using Google Docs. This exploratory study yielded quantitative as well as qualitative data. Interviewees shared their experience of using Google Docs for the collaborative writing activity. The research shows that Google Docs promoted collaborative interactions among students, such as learning from each other and communicating with the teacher. Interestingly, the data indicate that students used alternate social media such as WhatsApp to communicate with their group mates regarding the collaborative writing activity. Overall, the results obtained here confirm that the Google Docs can be used to enhance collaborative learning among non-native English-speaking students.
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Booker, Barbara B. "Perceptions Of Hispanic Female ESL Students Toward First-Year College Writing Courses: A Phenomenological Examination Of Cultural Influences." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4292.
Full textAbstract:
The role of culture as a phenomenon guided this qualitative study, which examined the influence of diverse Hispanic cultures on the attitudes and perceptions towards college writing courses of female Hispanic students who are non-native speakers of English. With the increasing number of Hispanic immigrants coming to the U.S., the minority student population at our nation's colleges and universities has also risen. Community colleges have become the means through which many of these Hispanic immigrants obtain a college education.
The eight women who participated in this study self-identified as Hispanic. All were first generation college students who had been born outside of the United States. Three were born in Puerto Rico, two were born in Cuba, and the remaining three came from Uruguay, Colombia, and Mexico, respectively. The eight participants were students at a Florida community college, and all had already completed at least one college writing course.
The data were collected through the use of individual interviews (Patton, 1987) and responses to journal prompts (Owens, 2007). The journal prompts and interview questions were designed to elicit the participants' descriptions of their experiences in their college writing courses and their attitudes towards their college writing coursework. These eight women provided insight into how their culture as Hispanic females affects their learning experiences in college writing courses.
This study was based on three exploratory questions:
* What are the cultural influences that shape the experiences of female Hispanic ESL learners in college writing courses?
* How do these cultural influences affect student learning, specifically those skills involving thinking, conducting research, and using correct grammar, format, and citation?
* Have these cultural influences produced a learning experience that is transformative? If so, how?
The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis software. The findings were triangulated through this analysis of the responses, by having the participants check the transcripts for accuracy, and through the use of a researcher reflective journal (Creswell, 1998). Five emergent themes were extracted from the data:
1. The frustrations and struggles ESL students experience in their college writing courses;
2. The desire to succeed in school and in their prospective careers;
3. The influence of teachers on their academic experiences;
4. The importance family for emotional support; and
5. The necessity of cultural assimilation without compromising one's own cultural identity.
From these themes, descriptive statements (Creswell, 2007) were developed that suggest answers to the exploratory questions. These descriptive statements are:
* Female Hispanic ESL learners are influenced by several elements of their culture, specifically in their relationships with their families and their instructors.
* Female Hispanic ESL learners consider English language acquisition an integral element of cultural assimilation.
* Female Hispanic ESL learners see the transformative aspect of their English writing courses as requiring them to change on both a personal and a societal level.
These descriptive statements formed the basis for a discussion of implications in both teaching and curriculum development, and recommendations for future research. These recommendations include promoting awareness of the cultural and institutional barriers that are the result of a lack of personal connections between students and teachers, such as the limited availability of tutors and other learning center staff; the limited availability of instructors whose native language is the same as that of the ESL student; family and child care responsibilities; problems related to full- or part-time employment; transportation issues; and the lack of college writing courses designed specifically for non-native speakers.
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Yang, Kwo-Jen. "The tension and growth Taiwanese students experience as non-native writers of English in a university writing program for international students." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186805.
Full textAbstract:
A case study approach was adopted for this study. Four Taiwanese students enrolled in the writing program for international students at The University of Arizona were interviewed individually about (1) how they acquired the code of written English and what their L2 writing assumptions were upon entering The University of Arizona; and (2) what writing difficulties they experienced in a university writing program for international students and what their L2 writing assumptions were after completing a university writing program for international students. Findings from this research indicated that the four Taiwanese students did not have sufficient comprehensible input from pleasure reading or other voluntary, extracurricular sources. They acquired the code of written language from reading, participating in varied classroom activities such as small-group and whole-class discussions, peer review, teacher-student conferences, writing texts to different audiences for various purposes, analyzing model essays, practicing sentence combinations, and formal instruction in the composing process. Their writing difficulties could be summarized as follows: (1) not making good use of classroom activities to reshape ideas in terms of readers' expectations and their own writing intentions; (2) lack of experience to develop necessary reading and writing skills; (3) inadequate knowledge of the composing process; (4) inadequate syntax, vocabulary, or mechanics to express themselves in L2; (5) being influenced by their L1 rhetorical convention; (6) no intrinsic motivation to integrate with the target language, culture, or society; and (7) low expectations of success related to negative or weak teacher-student relationships. This research both reinforces and expands Krashen's (1984) model of second language acquisition and writing, showing the critical role of comprehensible input, the significance of natural acquisition over direct teaching of grammar rules and error correction, and the presence of an "affective" filter which is socially and culturally mediated, as well as cognitively and linguistically based.
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David, Rosa Dene. "Empowering All Who Teach: A Portrait of Two Non-Native English Speaking Teachers in a Globalized 21st Century." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2298.
Full textAbstract:
One of most prevalent issues surrounding English education internationally is the differentiation between Native English-Speaking Teachers (NESTs) and Non-native English-Speaking Teachers (NNESTs). What is sometimes termed the "Native speaker fallacy" is the notion that in order to be a proficient teacher of the English language one must either be a native speaker or possess native like fluency (Phillipson, 1992). This position is furthered by Hollidays Native Speakerism (Holliday, 2006) which suggests that within the field of English Language Teaching (ELT) there is an assumption that NESTs are better equipped to teach English language learners due to language proficiency and Western teaching methodology. Today, instructors who are native speakers of English are more sought after on the international market than their non-native English-speaking counterparts. NNESTs have less access to employment, fair wages and job security due to the perceived differences in language ability (Barry, 2011). The distinction between the two classes of teachers underscores the belief that NNESTs are often treated as second-class citizens (Braine, 1999). Subsequently, when employers and colleagues note the differences between English variety and dialect NNESTs' social and teacher identity in the classroom may be jeopardized (Varghese et al., 2005).
The purpose of this qualitative, ethnographic case study is to explore the socio-historical lives of two NNESTs living in the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, this study is concerned with the way in which two NNESTs perceive their social and teacher identity in relation to being bilingual speakers teaching English. This study attempts to explore in a non-dichotomous fashion the manner in which these two actors describe and interpret their roles and positions as NNESTs.
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Dunn, Linda Carol Andrews. "An evaluation of the academic success of students who participated in the English for non-native residents program at Portland State University." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3969.
Full textAbstract:
Many programs exist across the United States to prepare non-native English speaking students for academic work. The effectiveness of these programs has been the subject of various research projects, with mixed results. Some have found that the programs they have examined seem to have led to higher achievement among participants. Others have found that it is difficult to show any effect. However, the amount of time and resources devoted to such programs warrants continuing efforts to evaluate their success.
This study compares the academic records of non-native English speaking students who were enrolled in the English for Non-native Residents Program (ENNR) at Portland State University (PSU) with those of a group of similar students who did not enroll in the program, with the goal of answering the following questions: (1) Does enrollment in the ENNR program have a positive effect on academic performance at PSU? (2) Does enrollment in the ENNR program have a positive effect on performance in composition classes? (3) Does enrollment in the ENNR grammar workshop have a positive effect on performance in the basic composition course? (4) Does enrollment in the ENNR program have a positive effect on performance in PSU courses requiring relatively more reading?
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Mahmood, Nasir. "TEACHING OF ARABIC LANGUAGE IN PAKISTAN: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SELECTED CURRICULA." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16296.
Full textAbstract:
Die Bedeutsamkeit einer Sprache kann sowohl anhand ihres Gebrauchs als auch anhand der Bedürfnisse einer Gesellschaft gemessen werden. Wenn wir die arabische Sprache in der pakistanischen Gesellschaft betrachten, ist dies anhand mehrerer Aspekte feststellbar. Basierend auf der Bevölkerungsmehrheit ist der Islam ist die offizielle Religion Pakistans und entsprechend beruht auf ihm auch die Verfassung. Die arabische Sprache hingegen stellt das wichtigste Mittel dar, um den Islam und seine Lehren zu verstehen. Dadurch stellt sie einen wichtigen Teil des pakistanischen Bildungswesens und des alltäglichen Lebens dar. Beobachten kann man dies beispielsweise bei Geburten, Bestattungen oder Hochzeiten, wo sich zur vollständigen Umsetzung des jeweiligen Ereignisses bzw. Ritus arabischer Floskeln bedient werden.
Es ist bekannt, dass der arabische Gebetsruf, der ʾAḏān, das Erste ist, das einem Neugeborenen ins Ohr geflüstert wird. Alsdann wird dem Kind ein arabischer Name gegeben und sobald es anfängt zu sprechen, versucht die Familie ihm Worte wie Allāh, Muḥammad und Rasūl beizubringen. Auf dem Gebiet der Bildung wird einem muslimischen Kind üblicherweise das arabische Alphabet gelehrt, bis es in die Schule eintritt. Danach lernt es, wie man den Koran rezitiert, um sich bestimmte Verse einzuprägen und zu beten. Die Kombination all dieser Bräuche erzeugt eine starke Verbindung zwischen Muslimen und der arabischen Sprache.
Die Briten erreichten den indischen Subkontinent anfänglich als Unternehmer und nicht als Herrscher. Allmählich begannen sie allerdings, sich in lokale politische Angelegenheiten einzumischen, bis sie schließlich die gesamte Region übernahmen. Anschließend veränderten sie die religionspolitische, soziale und bildungstechnische Landschaft der Muslime auf dem Subkontinent. Hinsichtlich der Bildungspolitik war es somit Macaulay (1800-1859), der die Muslime in ihrem Heimatland, in dem sie bereits 1000 Jahre gelebt hatten, zu Bürgern zweiter Klasse machte. Auf Basis dieser Politik wurde das traditionelle islamische Bildungswesen für ungültig erklärt und Kenntnisse der englischen Sprache wurden zur Voraussetzung zur Erlangung eines Berufs.
Als Folge dessen wehrten sich einige Muslime hart gegen dieses neue Bildungssystem. Andere blieben gleichgültig gegenüber der Politik, während einige wiederum überzeugt waren, dass es zu den notwendigen Erfordernissen der damaligen Zeit gehöre, die englische Sprache zu lernen. Aufgrund ihrer Gespaltenheit, können wir zwei Gruppen entwerfen: Die Gegner des Bildungssystems (darunter die traditionellen muslimischen Gelehrten) sowie die Befürworter (Sir Sayyid Aḥmad Khan [1817-1898] und seine Anhänger). Sir Sayyid Aḥmad Khan reformierte die muslimische Gesellschaft und gründete neue Schulen und Universitäten, wie z.B. das Muḥammadan College (1875 AD), das Aligarh College, und die Scientific Society of Aligarh, um auf die neuen Wissenschaften aufmerksam und machen und diese zu vermitteln. Dahingegen eröffneten die ʿUlamāʾ eine Reihe neuer Medresen, weil sie dachten, dass ein Wiederaufleben der islamischen Wissenschaften und der arabischen Sprache der Schlüssel zum Erfolg der Muslime sei. Als Erwiderung auf diese Gruppen entstand schließlich auch eine dritte Gruppe, die die Reformgesellschaft Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama (1898) begründete und der Ansicht war, dass beide Ansätze zur Prosperität der Muslime beitragen würden.
Seitdem Beginn dieser Debatte bis in unsere heutige Zeit hat sich das muslimische Bildungssystem in zwei Gruppen geteilt: Religiöse und nichtreligiöse Ausbildung. Diese Unterteilung basiert freilich auf der Idee des Säkularismus, wonach religiöse und wissenschaftliche Lehre zwei gänzlich verschiedene Bereiche sind, die einander ausschließen. Die britischen Herrscher etablierten neue Richtlinien im Bildungswesen, um die Muslime von ihren religiösen, erzieherischen, ethischen und kulturellen Werten abzubringen und auf sie das britische Verständnis von „Zivilisation“ zu projizieren. Die muslimischen religiösen Institute hingegen beruhten auf religiösen Wissenschaften, wie der Lehre von Qurʾān und Sunna, die mittels der arabischen Sprache gelehrt wurden.
Abgesehen von der Einleitung sowie dem Schlusswort unterteilt sich diese Untersuchung in fünf Kapitel. Der erste Teil untersucht die Schritte und Phasen, die die arabische Sprache durchlaufen hat. Dabei widmet es sich der Geschichte der arabischen Sprache auf dem indischen Subkontinent von ihren Anfängen bis zur Teilung der Region in Indien und Pakistan 1947. Es wird außerdem erläutert, welchen Einfluss die Sprache auf Gesellschaft und Kultur hatte und wie es um ihren offiziellen Status während der verschiedenen Herrschaftsepochen bestellt war.
Das zweite Kapitel unterteilt sich in zwei Bereiche. Zuerst wird eine kurze Einführung zum Land Pakistan und seiner Kultur sowie verschiedenen Sprachen gegeben. Danach wird das Bildungssystem erklärt, wie es aufgeteilt ist und welche Rolle die arabische Sprache und Literatur darin einnimmt.
Das dritte Kapitel untersucht die Geschichte und Aufbau der Medresen in der Region vor und nach der Teilung des Landes. Begonnen wird dieses Thema anhand der ersten Medrese bis schließlich die modernen religiösen Institute, Stiftungen und Gremien Pakistans genauer betrachtet werden. Auch der schulinterne Lebensstil, die Gebäudeausstattung, Finanzen und Leistungsangebote an die Gesellschaft werden hier unter Augenschein genommen.
Der vierte Bereich prüft intensiv den kompletten Curriculum fünf religiöser Schulgremien. Die folgenden Gremien werden hierbei vorgestellt und ihre Lehrmethodologien erläutert:
• Wifaq al-Madaris al-Arabiyya Pakistan
• Tanzeem-ul-Madaris Ahl-e-Sunnat
• Wifaq al-Madaris al-Salafiyya
• Rabta-tul-Madaris al-Islamiyyah
• Wifaq al-Madaris al-Shia Pakistan
Das fünfte Kapitel analysiert alle fünf Gremien statistisch und es wird ein vollständiger Überblick zu Büchern, Lehrthemen und anderen Unterrichtsmaterialien gegeben. Die Ergebnisse, z.B. zum Anteil gleicher und verschiedener Bücher sowie Themen, werden in Form von Tabellen und Diagrammen dargestellt. Am Ende wird die Schlussfolgerung sämtliche Punkte und Fragen dieser Forschungsarbeit noch einmal ausführlich zusammenfassen.
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Ahmedou, Mohamed Youssouf Ould. "Tabsit Nusus li l-Qira'at al-Muwassa'a li l-Natiqin bi Ghair al-Arabiya = Simplification of texts for expanded reading for the benefit of non-Arabic speakers." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2381.
Full textAbstract:
This study comprises an introduction and six chapters. The introduction presents a
chronological synopsis of the development of Arabic language teaching up to now.
Chapter One presents a broad framework for this study as well as the problem and
associated questions whose resolution is being sought, namely treating shortcomings relating
to the teaching of Arabic to non-Arabic speakers as regards reading.
Chapter Two is a survey of the theoretical study that classifies the most psychological,
pedagogic, cultural, linguistic and reading competence principles needing compliance in
the compilation and simplification of texts.
Chapter Three comprises texts that have been simplified by this researcher.
Chapter Four analyses and appraises simplified texts by providing mechanisms used for that
purpose.
Chapter Five comprises a model lesson, based on the principles outlined above.
Chapter Six reviews the most important findings in terms of the ideal time needed for realising
the hypothesis of the research and provides other proposals and concluding comments.Religious Studies and Arabic
M.A. (Arabic)
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Caravita, Joanna Ruth. "Identity and anxiety in teachers of Arabic and Hebrew : the native vs. nonnative speaker question." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21264.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the beliefs of foreign language teachers regarding the relative positions of native and nonnative speakers in foreign and second language education. In particular, I am concerned with the idealization of the native speaker in this context and the foreign language anxiety that may occur in nonnative speaker language teachers if they internalize this idealization. I collected data from 29 college-level Arabic and Hebrew teachers using four methods: (1) a questionnaire on their background and beliefs regarding native and nonnative speaker language teachers, (2) a version of the Teacher Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (Horwitz, 2007), (3) a one-on-one interview, and (4) class observation. By and large, study participants believed that native speakers, because of their nativity, have reached higher levels of linguistic and cultural proficiency with relative ease, and as a result are more readily granted credibility as teachers of their native language. Participants believed that nonnative speakers are more empathetic and understanding of their students' problems because of their own experience and efforts as students of the language. With regard to foreign language anxiety, the main sources of anxiety among the nonnative speaker participants were the fear of making mistakes (and losing credibility as a result), of not having the authority to speak on cultural issues, of not being hired when competing with native speakers, and of addressing professional audiences. Native speakers feared that they cannot anticipate or understand as easily as nonnative speaker teachers the difficulties their students have in learning their language, because they cannot relate to their experiences in the same way. Neither group, however, reported feeling particularly anxious overall. I argue that anxiety was minimal for both groups because of specific steps that participants have taken to overcome the perceived disadvantages of their group and thereby bolster their confidence. Participants reported gaining confidence through some combination of the following factors: (1) gaining experience and education, (2) improving their linguistic and cultural proficiency, (3) presenting the persona of a credible language teacher through extra preparation and language choices, (4) receiving external validation, and (5) realizing that everyone can learn from and teach others.text
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"Accuracy and fluency: a comparison of native and non-native evaluation of compositions written by EFL learners in China." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5885713.
Full text
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Bearden, Rebecca Jo. "Chatting in a foreign language an interactional study of Spanish oral vs. computer-assisted discussion in native speaker and non-native learner dyads /." Thesis, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3110749.
Full text
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Martin, Lynne Rohmerien. "A Model for Developing Law Lecture Comprehension Lessons for Non-Native Speakers of English from Video-taped Authentic Materials." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1087.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007.Title from screen (viewed on June 27, 2007) Department of English, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-80)
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"The attitude of university students in Hong Kong towards native and non-native teachers of English." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891264.
Full textAbstract:
Cheung Yin Ling.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-125).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT (English version) --- p.i
ABSTRACT (Chinese version) --- p.ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii
Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Background of the Present Study --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of the Study --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Research --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.4
Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5
Chapter 2.1 --- Changing Ideas on the Interpretation of Native and Non-native Speakers of English --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.1 --- The Native Speaker Construct --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.2 --- The Non-native English Speaker Construct --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.3 --- The Researcher's Present Position --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Standard English and Varieties --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Current Issues on Native and Non-native Speakersin English Language Teaching --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.1 --- ESL Students' Reaction to Accent Differences --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Who are More Successful? The Native Teachers or The Non-native Teachers? --- p.15
Chapter 2.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.22
Chapter 3 --- DESIGN OF THE STUDY --- p.24
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.24
Chapter 3.2 --- Survey Research --- p.25
Chapter 3.3 --- The Value of Survey Research --- p.25
Chapter 3.4 --- Data Gathering --- p.26
Chapter 3.5 --- Rationale for the Instruments Used in This Research --- p.27
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Questionnaire --- p.27
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Interview --- p.27
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Classroom Observation --- p.28
Chapter 3.6 --- Pilot Study --- p.29
Chapter 3.7 --- Instruments --- p.29
Chapter 3.7.1 --- The Questionnaire --- p.29
Chapter 3.7.2 --- The Interview --- p.31
Chapter 3.7.3 --- Classroom Observation and Post-classroom-Observation Interview --- p.33
Chapter 3.8 --- Subjects --- p.35
Chapter 3.8.1 --- The Institutions Chosen for the Study --- p.35
Chapter 3.8.2 --- The Sampling of Subjects --- p.36
Chapter 3.9 --- Chapter Summary --- p.38
Chapter 4 --- FINDINGS --- p.39
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.39
Chapter 4.2 --- Student Perspective --- p.39
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Questionnaire Survey --- p.39
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Interviews --- p.50
Chapter 4.3 --- Teacher Perspective --- p.62
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Questionnaire Survey --- p.62
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Interviews --- p.66
Chapter 4.4 --- Classroom Observations --- p.74
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Observations of Lectures --- p.74
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Post-classroom-Observation Interviews with Students --- p.76
Chapter 4.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.77
Chapter 5 --- DISCUSSION --- p.80
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.80
Chapter 5.2 --- Students' Perceptions of the NESTS and the Non-NESTs in terms of Pedagogy and Knowledge of Applied Linguistics --- p.82
Chapter 5.3 --- Strengths and Weaknesses of the NESTS and the Non-NESTs --- p.89
Chapter 5.4 --- Motivational Strategies in the Teaching of English --- p.96
Chapter 5.5 --- Discrimination against the Non-NESTs in Hong Kong and Suggestions to Reduce Such Discrimination --- p.100
Chapter 5.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.106
Chapter 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.107
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.107
Chapter 6.2 --- "Summary of the Research Questions, Methodology, and Findings" --- p.107
Chapter 6.3 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.110
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Research Design --- p.110
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Sample --- p.111
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Generalizability of Findings --- p.111
Chapter 6.4 --- Pedagogical Implications --- p.112
Chapter 6.4.1 --- Students Should be Made Aware of Hong Kong Accented English --- p.112
Chapter 6.4.2 --- The Importance of Intelligibility of English --- p.113
Chapter 6.5 --- Suggestions for Future Research --- p.114
Chapter 6.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.114
Chapter 7 --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.115
Appendices
Chapter Appendix A. --- Sample of Student's Questionnaire --- p.126
Chapter Appendix B. --- Sample of Teacher's Questionnaire --- p.130
Chapter Appendix C. --- Student Questionnaire Data --- p.132
Chapter Appendix D. --- Teacher Questionnaire Data --- p.145
Chapter Appendix E. --- Consent Letter --- p.150
Chapter Appendix F. --- Questions for Student's Interview --- p.151
Chapter Appendix G. --- Questions for Teacher's Interview --- p.152
Chapter Appendix H. --- Full Transcripts (Student's Interview) --- p.153
Chapter Appendix I. --- Full Transcripts (Teacher's Interview) --- p.190
Chapter Appendix J. --- Categorization of Data (Student's Interview) --- p.228
Chapter Appendix K. --- Categorization of Data (Teacher's Interview) --- p.248
Chapter Appendix L. --- Classroom Observation Form --- p.294
Chapter Appendix M. --- Questions for Post-classroom-Observation Interview --- p.296
Chapter Appendix N. --- Summary of Data Gathered from Post-classroom-observation Interview --- p.297
Chapter Appendix O. --- ELT 1106 Lecture Notes (Week 1 - Week 5) --- p.303
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Moyo, Joseph. "A study of the teaching/learning of English as a first language in a predominantly non-native English classroom in South Africa." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3155.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.The movement of former township learners to suburban schools has resulted in more non-native learners taking English as a Home Language (EHL). In some suburban schools, the former township learners are now in the majority, with implications for the conceptualization of EHL as a curriculum option. EHL classrooms in suburban schools with a majority non-native English learner population were investigated for their communicativeness. It might be expected that such classrooms will exhibit an affinity with English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms. Therefore, ESL classrooms, which have attracted a lot of attention from researchers, were used as a tool in understanding the nature of the said EHL classrooms. Once the data on the communicative orientation of the EHL classrooms were obtained, they were compared to the data from ESL classrooms. There were few significant differences between the EHL classrooms and the ESL ones. The conclusion was that non-native EHL has a lot in common with ESL. The most important difference from the standpoint of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) was found to be in the learning content selection, with the EHL settings using more literary works, and so focusing less on the direct teaching of grammatical forms. However, a disturbing pattern was the inability of the learners in the EHL settings and the ESL settings to take full advantage of CLT, which suggests that CLT might not be suitable for learners with rudimentary language skills.
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Χαϊδογιάννου, Χρυσούλα. "Σχεδιασμός γλωσσικού μαθήματος για μη φυσικούς ομιλητές : εφαρμογή στην Γ΄ και Δ΄ τάξη του δημοτικού." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5530.
Full textAbstract:
Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας αποτέλεσε ο σχεδιασμός του γλωσσικού μαθήματος για τους μη φυσικούς ομιλητές της ελληνικής γλώσσας που φοιτούν στο δημοτικό σχολείο με βάση τον αντίστοιχο σχεδιασμό του γλωσσικού μαθήματος που εκπονήθηκε στο πλαίσιο του Προγράμματος Εκπαίδευσης Μουσουλμανοπαίδων. Αρχικά εντοπίστηκαν και καταγράφηκαν οι κειμενικοί και γραμματικοί στόχοι των σχολικών εγχειριδίων της Γ και Δ τάξης του δημοτικού σχολείου που εκπονήθηκαν στο πλαίσιο του Π.Ε.Μ. Στη συνέχεια έγινε εφαρμογή αυτού του γλωσσικού σχεδιασμού στα σχολικά εγχειρίδια της Γ και Δ τάξης που διδάσκονται σε όλα τα δημοτικά σχολεία της ελληνικής επικράτειας.
Η έρευνα εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο του ευρύτερου επιστημονικού ενδιαφέροντος για τη διδασκαλία της ελληνικής γλώσσας ως ξένης. Πρωταρχικός της στόχος ήταν να αναζητήσει σε ποιο βαθμό ο σχεδιασμός του γλωσσικού μαθήματος μέσα από τα σχολικά εγχειρίδια του Π.Ι. είναι κατάλληλος και για τους αλλόγλωσσους μαθητές του ελληνικού σχολείου. Βασικό κριτήριο για αυτή την εφαρμογή υπήρξε ο γλωσσικός σχεδιασμός του Π.Ε.Μ. Συγκεκριμένα ερευνήθηκαν οι κειμενικοί και οι γραμματικοί στόχοι (φωνολογία, μορφολογία, σύνταξη) των σχολικών εγχειριδίων της Γ και Δ τάξης του δημοτικού σχολείου.
Η ανάλυση της έρευνας έδειξε πως ένα μεγάλο μέρος των κειμενικών και γραμματικών στόχων των σχολικών εγχειριδίων είναι πολύ απαιτητικοί για τους αλλόγλωσσους μαθητές αυτών των τάξεων. Μερικοί από αυτούς τους στόχους μπορούν ενδεχομένως να εφαρμοστούν μερικώς και άλλοι υπό κάποιες προϋποθέσεις.
Η ύπαρξη του ενός και μοναδικού σχολικού εγχειριδίου στο ελληνικό σχολείο, διαμορφωμένου μάλιστα με βάση ένα σχεδιασμό για μαθητές φυσικούς ομιλητές της ελληνικής γλώσσας, αποτελεί ένα από τα μεγαλύτερα εμπόδια για την υιοθέτηση και εφαρμογή προσαρμοσμένου με τις εκάστοτε ανάγκες διδακτικού υλικού. Η υιοθέτηση του πολλαπλού-εναλλακτικού βιβλίου που θα καλύπτει τις ιδιαίτερες ανάγκες των μαθητών και θα επιτρέπει την αυτενέργεια των εκπαιδευτικών θεωρείται απαραίτητη.-