Academic literature on the topic 'Team Performance Framework; Team Performance; Performance Measurement Systems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Team Performance Framework; Team Performance; Performance Measurement Systems"
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Fowlkes, Jennifer, Jerry Owens, Corbin Hughes, Joan H. Johnston, Michael Stiso, Amanda Hafich, and Kevin Bracken. "Constraint-Directed Performance Measurement for Large Tactical Teams." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 25 (September 2005): 2125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902502.
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Large tactical teams must demonstrate integrative performance as tens to thousands of operators perform within highly dynamic, complex, and unpredictable environments. The development of methods for capturing integrated performance and the achievement of team goals, while also allowing for and even embracing adaptive performance, is challenging. However, as Distributed Mission Training (DMT) systems continue to mature and are increasingly representative of important training opportunities in the military, diagnostic performance assessment systems are needed to ensure training quality. In this paper, we propose a methodological framework for team performance that is responsive to the performance measurement challenges found within DMT systems. The approach is illustrated within a U.S. Navy research and development program called Debriefing Distributed Simulation-Based Exercises (DDSBE).
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Schreuder, Frits, Rene Schalk, and Jeroen de Jong. "Psychological contracts in self-directed work teams." Team Performance Management: An International Journal 23, no. 3 (June 13, 2017): 136–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-07-2016-0035.
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Purpose This study aims to examine reciprocal exchange in teams using a psychological contract (PC) framework. Adopting Rousseau’s conceptualization of the contract, the authors explore the extent to which the team members reciprocate perceived team obligations and fulfilment by adjusting their own obligations and fulfilment. A new scale for the measurement of obligations and fulfilment was developed. Team commitment was hypothesized as a mediating variable. Design/methodology/approach The new PC scale was tested in a longitudinal study design. A survey of a representative sample of 230 Dutch first-year college students nested in 73 teams was conducted. Findings The authors found that in student teams, perceived team obligations at Time 1 are positively associated with perceived member obligations at Time 2. Furthermore, they found higher commitment to the team as the team fulfilled the obligations as perceived by its members. Contrary to the exchange theory, in student teams, perceived fulfilment of obligations at Time 1 is not reciprocated by more obligations of its members at Time 2. No significant mediating effects are found of team commitment. Originality/value To date, this study provides the first measurement of contract fulfilment in non-hierarchical team relationships. The instrument can act as a tool to assess future team effectiveness and performance and adjust team composition accordingly.
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Christ, Richard E., and Frederick A. Muckler. "The Measurement and Evaluation of Collective Unit Training and Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 17 (October 1993): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701710.
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Recent reviews of team training and team performance have drawn at least one common conclusion: Much more research needs to be conducted on the process of and methods for measuring and evaluating teamwork. The current absence of reliable, valid, and robust measures of teamwork hinders not only the development of optimal collective training strategies, but also team-oriented research, human resource management efforts, and organizational and systems development programs. The objectives of this symposium are to (a) present an overview of some key theoretical and methodological issues which confront researchers and practitioners concerned with teamwork, and (b) introduce several innovative concepts, methods, and procedures which can aid in solving some of the problems associated with the measurement and evaluation of teamwork. These objectives will be met, in part, through presentations which describe and discuss (a) a conceptual framework for analyzing and interpreting measures of collective behavior, (b) the application of complexity theory-based measures to team and organizational performance, (c) a measure of teamwork based on the confidence team members have in their individual and collective capabilities, and (d) a system which supports the measurement and evaluation of unit collective performance in a simulation network environment. (The essence of these presentations are captured in the four papers which follow this abstract.) The discussant will provide his summary of the key issues addressed, as well as some that were not addresses. Finally, inputs and active participation of the audience will be solicited. The desired impact of this symposium is a heightened awareness and appreciation of the need for more research on teamwork measurement methods and procedures. The long-term goal of the symposium is to stimulate that research.
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Zajac, Stephanie, Andrew Griggs, Katelyn Cavanaugh, Elizabeth Hunter Lazzara, and Courtney Holladay. "Measuring team effectiveness in healthcare: A comprehensive and practical tool." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19188-e19188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19188.
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e19188 Background: Publication trends reveal that research on teams and teamwork in healthcare has surged over the past decade. Efforts to improve team effectiveness have also become pervasive, with team training being identified as a top strategy for improving patient outcomes. Unfortunately, measures of team effectiveness in the literature vary greatly and are aimed largely toward clinical teams. The aim of this effort, therefore, is twofold: (1) to provide a tool that can be adapted and used to diagnose performance and guide targeted team training across team types, and (2) to further our understanding of teams across all areas of a healthcare system (clinical, research, and administrative) by providing a standard measurement tool. Methods: We began with a comprehensive framework of team effectiveness developed through a top down (i.e., literature review) and bottom-up (i.e., focus groups, interviews) approach. The framework includes 23 constructs identified as critical to teams (e.g., clear roles, supportive culture, conflict management, shared mental models). Next, three subject matter experts (SMEs) identified and compiled measures of team effectiveness published in the healthcare teams literature. Items were reworded as needed to be generally applicable across healthcare team types. The three SMEs then matched each revised item to the framework by independently labeling each with the framework construct it best represents. Items on which 2 out of 3 experts agreed were kept, and new items were generated as needed for construct coverage resulting in a refined item bank. This item bank was again independently rated on quality of item (e.g., clarity, avoidance of double-barreled questions) and construct representativeness (i.e., ensuring the most important aspects of each construct were captured). Two additional subject matter experts then reviewed the ratings, and kept the top five rated items for each construct, ensuring full coverage of the construct (i.e., removing items that were duplicative and tapped the same part of a construct). Results: The processes above resulted in a measure with 115 items that capture 23 fundamental constructs for teams in healthcare. Conclusions: The measure developed is applicable across team types. It can be adapted and used to diagnose team performance, inform training, and further understanding of what facilitates effective teamwork in multi-team systems performing diverse functions across the healthcare system.
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Kayaga, Sam. "Soft systems methodology for performance measurement in the Uganda water sector." Water Policy 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.153.
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Water and sanitation services in developing countries are delivered in an extremely complex institutional environment, characterised by “soft” problems, that is problems with significant political and social components whose “what” and “how” cannot be defined early in the intervention process. A problem situation common in developing countries depicting “soft” characteristics is how to improve the effectiveness and efficacy of existing performance measurement systems to track the progress towards achievement of water/sanitation-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Such problem situations are better handled using soft systems methodology (SSM), a methodology recommended by Professor Checkland and his research colleagues at Lancaster University, UK. In 2003, SSM was applied in an intervention that aimed to improve performance measurement systems in the Uganda water/sanitation sector. Through strong participation of the key stakeholders, a team of researchers with their local counterparts in Uganda developed and field tested a performance measurement framework. According to an evaluation by the international donor community, policy makers and managers in the sector, the past three annual water/sanitation sector performance reports compiled using the performance measurement framework have depicted a progressive qualitative improvement.
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Rosen, Michael A., Aaron S. Dietz, Ting Yang, Carey E. Priebe, and Peter J. Pronovost. "An integrative framework for sensor-based measurement of teamwork in healthcare." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 22, no. 1 (July 22, 2014): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2013-002606.
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Abstract There is a strong link between teamwork and patient safety. Emerging evidence supports the efficacy of teamwork improvement interventions. However, the availability of reliable, valid, and practical measurement tools and strategies is commonly cited as a barrier to long-term sustainment and spread of these teamwork interventions. This article describes the potential value of sensor-based technology as a methodology to measure and evaluate teamwork in healthcare. The article summarizes the teamwork literature within healthcare, including team improvement interventions and measurement. Current applications of sensor-based measurement of teamwork are reviewed to assess the feasibility of employing this approach in healthcare. The article concludes with a discussion highlighting current application needs and gaps and relevant analytical techniques to overcome the challenges to implementation. Compelling studies exist documenting the feasibility of capturing a broad array of team input, process, and output variables with sensor-based methods. Implications of this research are summarized in a framework for development of multi-method team performance measurement systems. Sensor-based measurement within healthcare can unobtrusively capture information related to social networks, conversational patterns, physical activity, and an array of other meaningful information without having to directly observe or periodically survey clinicians. However, trust and privacy concerns present challenges that need to be overcome through engagement of end users in healthcare. Initial evidence exists to support the feasibility of sensor-based measurement to drive feedback and learning across individual, team, unit, and organizational levels. Future research is needed to refine methods, technologies, theory, and analytical strategies.
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Dey, Chitra, and Ganesh M.P. "Team boundary activity: a review and directions for future research." Team Performance Management: An International Journal 23, no. 5/6 (August 15, 2017): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-06-2016-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is an examination of the literature on team boundary activity to trace how team boundary activity has evolved as a construct and examine the dimensions of team boundary activity and their relationships. It highlights the need for a deeper examination of the dimensions of buffering and reinforcement, and why buffering and reinforcement are required. It presents the case of why it is important to study this topic and maps out areas for future research. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews conceptual and empirical papers published on team boundary activity in reputed journals between the years 1984 and 2016. Findings The focus of research in team boundary activity has been on external interactions of the team (boundary spanning), and very few papers have studied the activities through which the team defines and defends its borders (boundary strengthening). These boundary-strengthening activities can be equally important for innovation and learning in externally dependent teams. Further, there is a need to clearly distinguish these constructs from other variables like team identification. Another area that has here-to not been researched is the relationships between the dimensions of team boundary activity. Last, there is a need to consider a wider range of antecedents, outcomes and moderators of team boundary activity. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on past empirical and conceptual papers, identified using search terms such as team boundary activity, team boundary spanning and external communication. Other related areas can also be explored for identifying variables of interest. Originality/value As opposed to previous reviews which focused mainly on team boundary spanning, this paper considers all dimensions of team boundary activity, with special focus on buffering and reinforcement. It proposes a 2 × 2 framework to explain the effect of boundary-spanning and boundary-strengthening activities on the achievement of team objectives. It examines the cyclical nature of relationship between team boundary activity and team performance. It highlights measurement issues in the area of team boundary activity.
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Haimson, Craig, David Diller, and Laura Kusumoto. "A Method for Exploring Teamwork Modeling and Assessment within a Multiplayer Game." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 12 (September 2005): 1215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901225.
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Massively multi-player games (MMPGs) have the potential to enable training at a level of participation, intensity, and fidelity previously unrealized. As a first step towards the implementation of automated performance measurement technology for MMPGs, we explored an approach to developing training and assessment of team performance during urban infantry operations simulated within the Asymmetric Warfare Team Training Technology (AW-VTT) under development by Forterra Systems and RDECOM-STTC. Our method entailed (1) mapping a theoretical framework to established Army doctrine, (2) mapping doctrinal descriptions to specific activities within a simple yet operationally-valid scenario, and (3) developing rule-based descriptions of these activities and formally representing them within finite state networks to validate their consistency and completeness. We then enacted the scenario within AW-VTT to demonstrate the environment's capability for simulating the behaviors required for assessment of teamwork in this scenario. We describe this approach and discuss lessons learned.
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Doolan-Noble, Fiona, Mataroria Lyndon, Andrew G. Hill, Jonathon Gray, and Robin Gauld. "Developing and Implementing a Framework for System Level Measures: lessons from New Zealand." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v11i2.181.
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Background: Measuring performance is now the norm in health systems. System Level Measures (SLMs), implemented at New Zealand’s Counties Manukau Health (CMH) are designed to support quality improvement activities undertaken across the health system using only a small set of measures. While the healthcare and performance measurement literature contains information regarding the facilitators and barriers to quality improvement initiatives, there is an absence of studies into whether these factors are germane to the establishment and implementation of a SLM framework.
Methods: A purposive sample of thirteen senior managers and clinicians involved in the construction and implementation of SLMs were invited to participate. Semi-structured telephone interviews were completed and recordings transcribed verbatim. Transcriptions were thematically analysed using a general inductive approach.
Findings: In total, ten interviews took place. Six facilitative themes were identified including: dispersed and focused leadership; communication; data; alignment of the measures with organisational strategic data; alignment of the measures with organisational strategic plans and values; stakeholder engagement; and a dedicated project team. Conversely, five themes were identified that hindered the process. These were: reaching consensus; perfection versus pragmatism; duplication and process burden; achieving buy-in and workload.
Discussion: The factors that facilitate and hinder establishing and implementing a framework of SLMs are common to other quality improvement approaches. However, this study demonstrated that these factors were also germane to SLMs. These findings are of particular relevance as researchers and policy makers elsewhere increasingly aim to adopt measurement arrangements for health systems that address equity, safety, quality, access and cost.
Abbreviations: CMH – Counties Manukau Health; DHB – District Health Board; IHI – Institute for Healthcare Improvement; QI – Quality Improvement; SLM – System Level Measure.
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Mendibil *, Kepa, and Jillian MacBryde *. "Designing effective team-based performance measurement systems: an integrated approach." Production Planning & Control 16, no. 2 (March 2005): 208–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537280512331333101.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Team Performance Framework; Team Performance; Performance Measurement Systems"
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Dils, Marta Dolli. "Analysis of Performance Measurement Systems and their Application Spectrum in Teamwork." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191515.
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This Master Thesis aims to provide an overview of performance measurement systems both business and team related and to analyse their application spectrum. Based on the theoretical analysis, a new framework was created, including all relevant factors to analyse team performance. Thus the research questions of whether performance is measurable and what factors influence performance were investigated. The team performance framework (TPF) and the results from its application are presented in the practical part. The TPF includes different factors influencing team performance, such as input factors, motivation, communication, and output factors. This academic research concludes that various factors influence performance but that simplistic theoretical models still cannot catch the whole complex picture of reality.
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Hunt, Daryl R. (Daryl Roscoe) 1955. "A systems approach to team performance measurement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9622.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-102).
Teams are rapidly becoming the primary work unit across business and industry. Much has been written about the advantages of teams in problem solving, decision-making, quality improvement and performing complex tasks. Likewise, the body of knowledge surrounding team development, teamwork and team dynamics has grown rapidly over the last 15 to 20 years. Many theories of team performance have been developed. However, few unified approaches to measuring team performance have been proposed. Team performance measurement (TPM) is important for several reasons: 1) team measures have a motivating and focusing influence on team processes; 2) measurement provides necessary feedback for decision-making, problem diagnosis and intervention; and 3) measurement is fundamental to team learning and continuous improvement. The premise of this thesis is that the design and deployment of effective team performance measurement strategies can best be accomplished through a systems approach. A systems approach to TPM considers the following: I) The object of the measurement, the team is a system. 2) Team performance measurement strategies must consider the elements of the system (members, sub-teams, tasks, processes and interfaces) in addition to system outputs. 3) The team operates within an organizational super-system, which imposes contextual and environmental influences on team performance. 4) Team performance measurement is itself a system, with an associated function, interrelated elements, interfaces, influences and context. This thesis suggests an architectural framework for analyzing the critical factors influencing team performance and a holistic TPM framework for developing and deploying a balanced set of team measures.
by Daryl R. Hunt.
S.M.
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Mendibil, Telleria Kepa. "Designing effective team-based performance measurement systems : an integrated approach." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21546.
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The current trend in industry to move towards team-based organisational structures has resulted in an increased interest to seek innovative ways for managing team performance. In that sense, team performance measurement has been recognised as an effective management practice. This research departs from an industrial problem identified while working on a number of projects with industry - i. e. lack of understanding of how to design effective team-based performance measurement systems. The overall goal is to create a better understanding of the design of effective team-based performance measurement systems (TPMS). In particular, its aim is to gain new insights into (1) the process for designing effective TPMS and (2) the factors that enable and/or constrain the design of effective TPMS. An effective TPMS is defined here as a performance measurement system that enables the team to increase its contribution to the business and at the same time motivates and develops the team and its individuals. This study falls into the empirical and applied research category because it focuses on an industrial problem and provides a solution through continuous collaboration with industry. The following is the most significant contribution of this research: (1) A typology for TPMS design that describes the characteristics of a comprehensive process for designing TPMS. (2) The identification and description of ten factors that enable and/or constrain the development of effective TPMS. (3) A practical construct to enable industrial organisations to design effective TPMS. The quality of the research was ensured by defining the evaluation criteria and the specific research tactics early in the process. These criteria and tactics guided all the activities carried out during this study. This thesis will be of interest to managers, team leaders and indeed anyone who works in a team. Researchers working in the fields of performance measurement and team management will also benefit from this research.
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Shihady, Jessica L. "HSI Framework for Organizations." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43807.
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Human Systems Integration CapstoneApproved for public release;distribution is unlimited.
In the United States Air Force (USAF), a system is generally thought of in terms of technology; but there are other types of systems supporting our warfighters. A system is “a group of related parts that move or work together” (Merriam-Webster, 2014), suggesting that systems can also be a compilation of human activities and interactions. One such system is the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS). The AFMS has been charged with the delivery of healthcare for the USAF. It is an organization within which there are many workplaces, and these are prototypical of workplaces in the USAF. The USAF currently has no framework for developing organizations. This capstone project took an inside look into the organizational structure of the Keesler Air Force Base’s Base Operational Medicine Cell (BOMC). By conducting a macroergonomic analysis, I was able to make recommendations for an effective and fully harmonized organizational design. Human systems integration (HSI) played a pivotal role in the evaluation of the Keesler BOMC, as Manpower, Personnel, and Training (MPT) are key drivers in the development of organizations. The results of this analysis lead to the development of BOMC requirements and subsequently HSI requirements for organizations, or an HSI Framework for Organizations.
Books on the topic "Team Performance Framework; Team Performance; Performance Measurement Systems"
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Alan, Spiker, Armstrong Laboratory (U.S.). Aircrew Training Research Division., and Anacapa Sciences inc, eds. Team performance during combat mission training: A conceptual model and measurement framework. Mesa, AZ: U.S. Air Force, Armstrong Laboratory, Human Resources Directorate, Aircrew Training Research Division, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Team Performance Framework; Team Performance; Performance Measurement Systems"
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Sudarti, Ken, and Olivia Fachrunnisa. "Islamic Intrinsic Motivation and Knowledge Conversion Process for Sales Team Performance: A Theoretical Framework." In Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, 383–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50454-0_37.
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Krishnan, B., and Satyen Parida. "Preoperative Evaluation and Investigations for Maxillofacial Surgery." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 11–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_2.
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AbstractPatients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgeries have unique perioperative considerations as the surgical field is in proximity to the airway and poses a challenge to the anesthesiologist in the matter of airway management. A well-structured preoperative evaluation plays a decisive role for the successful performance of the planned surgical intervention, as well as to overcome any challenges posed due to the pre-existing health condition of the patient. Each physiologic system can be adversely affected by associated comorbidities that may or may not have clinical importance for the surgeons. Thus, the effects of coexisting diseases on the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine systems may be significant. Moreover, to mitigate risks related to these associated comorbidities, as well as to the impact of surgery/anesthesia on the patient, specific risk reduction strategies for the entire perioperative period need to be implemented. Risk management and optimization strategies involve the rational use of adjunctive laboratory and imaging studies and professional opinions of consultants of other specialties. A team approach is critical in establishing a working framework of perioperative management that would be able to keep morbidity and mortality related to the maxillofacial surgery, to an absolute minimum.
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Brock, Timothy R. "Evaluating the Impact and ROI of Medical Education Programs." In Cases on Instructional Design and Performance Outcomes in Medical Education, 261–93. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5092-2.ch013.
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Medical education programs must deliver valued results that stakeholders expect in return for their funding investments. In the past, healthcare organizations accepted reports about test results and participant perceptions of the program as adequate evidence of course outcomes. Today, program funders expect evaluations that provide evidence that medical education programs improve organizational excellence measures to justify ongoing funding. This chapter will explain four of the five elements required of a proven, comprehensive evaluation system. This five-element system is necessary to provide the desired organizational excellence evidence that medical educators can adopt to address the needs of stakeholders at different levels of an organization. Specifically, this chapter will overview an evaluation framework, a process model, and guiding principles that are crucial elements of this methodology. The chapter ends with a case study that shows how a medical education team used this measurement and evaluation methodology to plan how they would design and evaluate a medical education program requested by executives to solve an ICU central line infection problem.
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Engelkemeyer, Susan West, and Sharon Muret-Wagstaff. "Using the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Criteria to Enable KM and Create a Systemic Organizational Perspective." In Creating Knowledge-Based Healthcare Organizations, 150–63. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-459-0.ch012.
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Health care leaders face an intensifying array of changes and challenges that heighten the need for systematic approaches to knowledge management at the organizational level. Healthcare costs are rising, biomedical science and technological advances are burgeoning, and recent reports indicate that medical errors are widespread. In its report on strategies for achieving improvement in the quality of healthcare delivered to Americans, the Institute of Medicine recommends building organizational supports for change such as the redesign of care based on best practices, use of information technologies to capture and use clinical information, and incorporation of performance and outcome measurements for improvement and accountability (Institute of Medicine, 2001). The Baldrige National Quality Program and its Healthcare Criteria for Performance Excellence (Baldrige National Quality Program, 2003) offer both the framework and the tools to guide organizations in building these critical supports. This chapter describes the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and its framework, criteria, and scoring system. It provides insight into the pitfalls that stand between an organization and successful KM, as well as examples of ways in which healthcare groups and institutions are becoming learning organizations — successfully employing cycles of learning and effective knowledge management systems in order to enhance performance and better meet the needs of their patients and other customers. The Baldrige Healthcare Criteria for Performance Excellence offer a useful framework for developing a knowledge management system at the organizational level in an increasingly complex environment. Use of the Baldrige Criteria will enhance the knowledge assets of your organization and enable your organization to deliver more value to patients and other customers. These criteria will also improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness through the management of individual, team, and organizational knowledge.
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Arumugam, Chamundeswari, and Srinivasan Vaidyanathan. "Agile Team Measurement to Review the Performance in Global Software Development." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 81–93. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9659-2.ch005.
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This chapter is aimed at studying the key performance indicators of team members working in an agile project environment and in an extreme programming software development. Practitioners from six different XP projects were selected to respond to the survey measuring the performance indicators, namely, escaped defects, team member's velocity, deliverables, and extra efforts. The chapter presents a comparative view of Scrum and XP, the two renowned agile methods with their processes, methodologies, development cycles, and artifacts, while assessing the base performance indicators in XP setup. These indicators are key to any agile project in a global software development environment. The observed performance indicators were compared against the gold standard industry benchmarks along with best, average, and worst-case scenarios. Practitioners from six agile XP projects were asked to participate in the survey. Observed results best serve the practitioners to take necessary course corrections to stay in the best-case scenarios of their respective projects.
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Dolezel, Michal, and Alena Buchalcevova. "A Framework for Analyzing Structural Mechanisms Deployed to Support Traditional and Agile Methods." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 205–27. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4165-4.ch011.
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People rely on structures to make their worlds orderly. This chapter conceptually probes into the problem of the differences between organizational structures deployed in traditional and agile environments. The authors develop an argument that all common forms of organizational entities can be classified by involving a two-dimensional classification scheme. Specifically, they constructed a typology to examine the issues of formal vs. informal authority, and disciplinarity vs. cross-functionality in terms of their significance for traditional and agile software development workplaces. Some examples of concrete organizational forms—including traditional project team, independent test team, self-organizing agile team and developers' community of practice—are discussed. In sum, they argue that by employing this classification scheme, they can theorize the nature of the on-going structural shift observed in conjunction with deploying agile software development methods. They acknowledge that the structures have fundamentally changed, terming the move “democratization” in the software development workplace.
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Beyer, Annabelle, Murat Keskin, and Dirk Berndt. "Developing competencies for collaborative work settings in a virtual simulation laboratory - Training approach and performance measurement." In Competence development and learning assistance systems for the data-driven future, 199–214. Goto Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30844/wgab_2021_12.
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In our paper we present first performance measurement results of a digital simulation laboratory, which is applied in the context of industrial front-end team training. The design of the simulation laboratory is oriented towards an Escape Room. First, we situate the presented approach within existing competency understandings and accompanying training approaches in the context of Industry 4.0 Performance measurement for front-end training has been a challenge in this context so far, since performance, unlike in the back-end, is not attributable to specific production results, but becomes visible on a superior process level. Building on the competency facets of complexity management, self-reflection, creative problem solving, and cooperation (Wilkens et al., 2017) as well as action implementation (Heyse & Erpenbeck, 2009), the performance measurement presented addresses the question which individual competencies have an impact on team performance in the simulation scenario. Preliminary results show that the individual competencies among team members have a lower impact on performance than moderating factors such as heterogeneity and cohesion within the team. In order to increase the performance of front-end teams, it therefore appears to be reasonable to focus more on developing team structures rather than only on individual competence development.
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Tanyeri, Gokhan, Trish Messiter, and Paul Beckett. "Framework-Based Debugging for Embedded Systems." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 424–54. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6194-3.ch018.
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Debugging embedded systems is almost guaranteed to cause headaches. Embedded systems, and especially portable embedded systems, are becoming increasingly complex and have unique constraints that make them hard to debug. Traditional static debugging tools provided by the embedded development tool chains are important but are only part of the story. Time-dependant issues cannot be debugged by such tools. Embedded environments have to provide efficient mechanisms for managing a range of issues such as thread interaction, control of timers, semaphores and mutexes, IPC message passing, event handling, and finite-state machine organizations. This chapter looks at issues of escalating complexity in modern heterogeneous embedded systems and their impact on debugging techniques and advocates a framework approach to manage this complexity. Using the ClarinoxSoftFrame® Suite framework as an illustrative example, this chapter describes how a modular and open approach to debugging can aid the rapid development of robust wireless-enabled embedded systems that employ a variety of operating systems and platforms. The overall objective in this type of approach is to leverage prebuilt code infrastructure plus existing development skills as much as possible, thereby avoiding the need for engineering staff to learn and re-learn a range of compilers, operating systems, and the like. Overall, debug time can be greatly reduced by improved visibility into the complex interactions between cooperating processes within the code. Collateral benefits can include a reduction in the size of the necessary development team with a reduction in skills specialization.
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Lohani, Monika, Eric G. Poitras, and Charlene Stokes. "A Framework for Human-Technology Social Systems." In Examining Multiple Intelligences and Digital Technologies for Enhanced Learning Opportunities, 281–309. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0249-5.ch014.
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Advancements in semi- and fully-autonomous systems have made human-technology interaction a dynamic and social process. In this chapter, the authors highlight the importance of interpersonal interactions between human and technology and how they can be modeled, tracked, and fostered in the context of adaptive instructional systems. They will first introduce a human-technology social systems framework, which integrates individual factors (human and technology), situational factors (e.g., stress), and team interaction-relevant factors (e.g., communication and team cognition) that contribute to various team-related outcomes (e.g., learning and performance). Using examples from interactive virtual agents and educational technology, they discuss attributes of technology that should be considered to optimize joint learning and performance in applied contexts. The proposed framework points to novel research directions and is likely to offer an understanding of mechanisms that could enhance learning opportunities in diverse socioemotional contexts.
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Miranda, Eduardo. "Milestone-Driven Agile Execution." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 1–27. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4165-4.ch001.
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This chapter introduces a hybrid software development framework, called Milestone-Driven Agile Execution, in which the empirical process control and the just-in-time planning of tasks of agile development are retained but the prioritization of the backlog is done according to a macro or strategic plan that drives the execution of the project. Selecting work items from the product backlog according to a plan instead of following the immediate concerns of a product owner adds visibility, predictability, and structure to the work of the team while preserving the adaptive advantages of agile development.
Conference papers on the topic "Team Performance Framework; Team Performance; Performance Measurement Systems"
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"THE INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK IN VIRTUAL TEAM LEARNING." In 2nd International Conference on Computer Supported Education. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002806701500155.
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Wu, Yuning, Xuan Zhu, Chi-Luen Huang, Sangmin Lee, Marcus Dersch, and John S. Popovics. "Rail Neutral Temperature Estimation Using Field Data, Numerical Models, and Machine Learning." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-58324.
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Abstract Effective Rail Neutral Temperature (RNT) management is needed for continuous welded rail (CWR). RNT is the temperature at which the longitudinal stress of a rail is zero. Due to the lack of expansion joints, CWR develops internal tensile or compressive stresses when the rail temperature is below or above, respectively, the RNT. Mismanagement of RNT can lead to rail fracture or buckling when thermal stresses exceed the limits of rail steel. In this work, we propose an effective RNT estimation method structured around four hypotheses. The work leverages field-collected vibration test data, high-fidelity numerical models, and machine learning techniques. First, a contactless non-destructive and non-disruptive sensing technology was developed to collect real-world rail vibrational data. Second, the team established an instrumented field test site at a revenue-service line in the state of Illinois and performed multi-day data collection to cover a wide range of temperature and thermal stress levels. Third, numerical models were developed to understand and predict rail vibration behavior under the influence of temperature and longitudinal load. Excellent agreement between model and experimental results were obtained using an optimization approach. Finally, a supervised machine learning algorithm was developed to estimate RNT using the field-collected rail vibration data. Sensitivity studies and error analyses were included in this work. The system performance with field data indicates that the proposed framework can support reasonable RNT estimation accuracy when measurement or model noise is low.
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Martori, Amanda L., Stephanie L. Carey, Redwan Alqasemi, Daniel Ashley, and Rajiv V. Dubey. "Characterizing Suitability of Wearable Sensors for Movement Analysis Using a Programmed Robotic Motion." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65064.
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Wearable sensor systems have the potential to offer advancements in the study of motion disorders, particularly outside of a laboratory setting during activities of daily living or on a football field. Advantages like portability and the capability to gather real-world data have resulted in the rapid adoption of these sensors in various studies for gait analysis, balance control evaluation, physical activity recognition and fall prevention. However, before using wearable sensors in long-term acquisition studies, it is necessary to quantify and analyze errors and determine their sources. In this study, the accuracy of joint angles and velocities measured with the wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors were compared to both measurements from an optical motion-tracking system and from encoders on a robotic arm while it completed various predetermined paths. The robotic arm uses incremental encoders at each joint to measure and calculate its Cartesian motion relative to a reference frame using inverse kinematics. Motion profiles of the robotic arm were tracked using the onboard encoders, an eight-camera Vicon (Oxford, UK) motion-tracking system with passive retro-reflective markers, and four wearable IMUs by APDM (Portland, OR). In order to better isolate various types of contributing errors, linear, planar, and 3-dimensional robot motions were used. Data were collected from the sensors over several hours, which provided insight into time-based effects as well as management of large amounts of data for future long-term tracking applications. In addition, the authors have previously seen acquisition errors with high-speed gaits, thus robotic arm trajectories of varying velocities were used to provide further insight into these rate-based effects. Angular velocity and joint angles were compared for all three systems and used to investigate the hysteresis, drift and time-based effects on the IMUs as well as their accuracy during motion tracking. Effects on IMU performance due to the application of filtering algorithms were not investigated. The results show that the IMUs were able to calculate the joint angles within a clinically acceptable range of the gold standard optical motion-tracking system. The IMUs also provided accurate trajectory recognition and angular velocity measurements relative to the known motion input of the robotic arm. Future work will include the development of algorithms to detect gait abnormalities such as those seen in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). To complement human subject testing with gait pathology, controlled introduction of gait deviations into this robotic testing framework will allow for well-characterized unit testing, providing more robust algorithm development.
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Wang, Ying, and Clarence W. de Silva. "Assess Team Q-Learning Algorithm in a Purely Cooperative Multi-Robot Task." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41644.
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Multi-robot systems have received more and more attentions in the robotics community in the past decade. The most important issue in this area is multi-robot coordination, which focuses on how to make multiple autonomous robots cooperate or compete with each other to complete a common task. Due to its complexity, the conventional planning-based or behavior-based approaches can not work well in multi-robot coordination, especially in a dynamic unknown environment. Therefore, machine learning is becoming a promising method to help robots work in an unknown dynamic environment and improve their performance increasingly. The Q-learning algorithm was selected by most of multi-robot researchers to accomplish the above objective because of its simplicity and low computational requirements. However, directly extending the single-agent Q-learning algorithm will violate its Markov assumption and result in a low convergence speed and failing to learn a good cooperative policy. In this paper, the team Q-learning algorithm, which was originally designed for the framework of Stochastic Games (SG), is proposed to make decisions for a multi-robot purely cooperative project: Multi-robot object transportation. Firstly, the basic idea of the framework of Stochastic Games and the team Q-learning algorithm are introduced. Next, the algorithm is extended to a multi-robot object transportation task, and the implementation details are presented. Some computer simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the team Q-learning algorithm works well to make decisions for the proposed multi-robot system. Finally, effects of some parameters of team Q-learning are assessed and some interesting conclusions are drawn. In particular, the simulation results show that training is helpful for improving the performance of multi-robot decision-making, but its effect is very limited. In addition, it is also pointed out that the team Q-learning will result in a huge learning space when the robot number is bigger than ten, which indicates that a new Q-learning algorithm integrating single-agent Q-learning and Team Q-learning is urgent to be developed for multi-robot systems.
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Meyer, Johan, Hannelie Nel, and Nickey Janse van Rensburg. "Systems Engineering Education in an Accredited Undergraduate Engineering Program." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-68038.
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Developing countries are mostly reliant on external technologies and this augments the need for systems engineering capability in these economies. It is therefore imperative that systems engineering as theory and practice is included in undergraduate engineering curricula to strengthen the internal technological capability of a country’s developing engineers. In South Africa, the quality of undergraduate engineering programs is governed by the Engineering Council of South Africa (affiliated under the Washington Accord); and the exit level outcomes of the programs are predetermined explicitly per module. Systems engineering was introduced to an undergraduate electrical engineering program offered in the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of Johannesburg; and a framework developed to ensure that the program still meets the requisite ECSA exit level outcomes and therefore international standards. This paper presents the design and implementation of the framework, as well as the challenges that students are exposed to when faced with real-world systems engineering practice. Students were grouped into independent product development teams using a software support tool which promotes diversity and skill-level targets for each team. The independent team structure required the use and application of the systems engineering process and supported the development of management and communication skills. Furthermore, the framework allowed assessment of the performance of each product development team towards achieving the overall project objectives. One of the accreditation requirements of undergraduate engineering programs is peer assessment and this was achieved by the process. The paper closes by presenting the results of the stated framework implementation in an undergraduate electrical engineering program offered in the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of Johannesburg.
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Hanna, Lindsay, and Jonathan Cagan. "The Effect of Reward Interdependence of Strategies in Evolutionary Multi-Agent Systems." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87225.
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This paper explores the effect of reward interdependence of strategies in a cooperative evolving team on the performance of the team. Experiments extending the Evolutionary Multi-Agent Systems (EMAS) framework to three dimensional layout are designed which examine the effect of rewarding helpful, in addition to effective strategies on the convergence of the system. Analysis of communication within the system suggests that some agents (strategies) are more effective at creating helpful solutions than creating good solutions. Despite their potential impact as enablers for other strategies, when their efforts were not rewarded, these assistant agent types were quickly removed from the population. When reward was interdependent, however, this secondary group of helpful agents remained in the population longer. As a result, effective communication channels remained open and the system converged more quickly. The results support conclusions of organizational behavior experimentation and computational modeling. The implications of this study are twofold. First, computational design teams may be made more effective by recognizing and rewarding indirect contributions of some strategies to the success of others. Secondly, EMAS may provide a platform for predicting the effectiveness of different reward structures given a set of strategies in both human and computational teams.
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Pelfrene, Gilles, Bruno Cuilier, Dhaker Ezzeddine, Alfazazi Dourfaye, Dimo Dimov, Gilles Gallego, Christopher Roccas, Aurélien Mangeny, and Sébastien Reboul. "Setting a New Standard: PDC Bits Equipped with Compact Vibration Recorders Monitor Entire Run and Reveal Stick-Slip Mitigation System Dysfunction and Downhole Motor Under Performance." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204112-ms.
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AbstractDownhole vibration measurements are used real-time and post-run to monitor drilling dynamics. Real-time monitoring tools are applied to facilitate immediate corrective actions but their deployment adds operational constraints and costs. This paper describes a new high-capability vibration recorder embedded in the drill bit as a standard component. The analysis of two case studies in the Middle East shows how memory devices available at a reduced cost and on every run are a valuable option for many appraisal or development wells.Developing a fleet of reliable downhole recording tools typically takes years and involves teams of experts in various fields. The paper describes the strategy followed by a drill bit manufacturer to develop and deploy a compact, high capability and cost-effective vibration recorder to provide continuous readings of accelerations, rotation speed (RPM) and temperature at 100Hz and over 250 hours. Sensors and batteries have been packaged to fit into the drill bit shank or elsewhere in the bottom hole assembly (BHA). The recording starts automatically and thus removes the need for onsite personnel. The paper also presents proprietary data analytics software used to retrieve, process and synchronize the recorded data with other available data (mud logs, Measurement/Logging While Drilling logs) and to present critical drilling events.In the first application, the 8 ½-in. bit drilled a 20,000 ft horizontal drain. More than 250 hr of data were recorded showing intense levels of stick-slip. During the entire run, the drilling team deployed several strategies to mitigate stick-slip, including the use of two surface-based stick-slip mitigation systems. The analysis shows that these systems are sometimes unsuccessful in mitigating stick-slip and are difficult to calibrate. It is demonstrated how the vibration recorder may contribute to fine tuning these mitigation efforts through optimization of their settings. In the second application, the vibration recorder was mounted on a 12 1/4-in. bit used to drill 5,000 ft through cement and formation. The analysis shows the motor was subjected to erratic RPM cycles, leading to frequent stalls and acceleration peaks during the run. It is shown how motor performance then decreased consistently during the last hundreds of feet of the section and how this affected rate of penetration (ROP).Deployment of a vibration recorder over the entire drill bit manufacturer's fleet allows continuous monitoring of critical drilling issues and malfunctions related to a variety of drilling equipment that enables the operator to improve drilling performance. The bit-sensor package makes high frequency data systematically available at a reduced cost for every drilling application.
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Zhou, Weihua, and Yan Jin. "Modeling Knowledge Structure for Collaborative Engineering." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/cie-14610.
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Abstract A collaborative engineering team can be viewed as a collection of human engineers and intelligent computer systems, called intelligent agents. The process of collaborative engineering involves application of knowledge by engineers and intelligent agents, transmitting reports and commands between the engineers, and exchange of information between relevant parties. As engineering problems become more complex and time-to-market more demanding, new technologies must be developed to support knowledge application, decision-making and control, and information exchange. Most of the current research on collaborative engineering support focuses on providing communication and data sharing support for effective coordination. We argue that in order to increase the productivity of collaborative engineering, we need mechanisms that can provide active knowledge level support for engineers. Our research on K1CAD — a Knowledge Infrastructure for Collaborative and Agent-based Design — attempts to develop a network of intelligent agents that capture knowledge from their associated human engineers and provide knowledge level support to them when needed. One important issue involved in developing such a framework is how can we define and assess the role of knowledge and how different ways of organizing knowledge may impact on the overall performance of a collaborative engineering team? In this paper, we introduce the notion of knowledge structure, and present our initial model of knowledge structure that identifies the roles of knowledge and provides measures to assess how knowledge structure may impact on team performance. An example is presented to illustrate some interesting features of the model.
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Miah, Suruz, Mostafa M. H. Fallah, Arian Y. Panah, and Davide Spinello. "Non-Autonomous Feedback Control for Area Coverage Problems With Time-Varying Risk." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9669.
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Motivated by area coverage optimization problems with time varying risk densities, we propose a decentralized control law for a team of autonomous mobile agents in a two dimensional area such that their asymptotic configurations optimize a generalized non-autonomous coverage metric. The generalized non-autonomous coverage metric explicitly depends on a nonuniform time-varying measurable scalar field that is not directly controllable by agents. Several interesting scenarios emerge with time varying risk density. In this work, we consider the case of area surveillance against moving targets or external threats penetrating through the perimeter, and the case of environmental monitoring and intervention with deployment of mobile sensors in areas affected by penetration of substances governed by diffusion mechanisms, as for example oil in a marine environment. In the presence of time-varying risk density the coverage metric is non-autonomous as it includes a time varying component that does not depend on the evolution of the agents. Our non-autonomous feedback law accounts for the time-varying component through a term that vanishes when the risk eventually stops evolving. Optimality with respect to the induced non-autonomous coverage is proven in the framework of Barbalat’s lemma, and the performance is illustrated through simulation of the these two scenarios.
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Cheatham, Jesse, Bao Truong, Nicholas Touran, Ryan Latta, Mark Reed, and Robert Petroski. "Fast Reactor Design Using the Advanced Reactor Modeling Interface." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16815.
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The Advanced Reactor Modeling Interface (ARMI) code system has been developed at TerraPower to enable rapid and robust core design. ARMI is a modular modeling framework that loosely couples nuclear reactor simulations to provide high-fidelity system analysis in a highly automated fashion. Using a unified description of the reactor as input, a wide variety of independent modules run sequentially within ARMI. Some directly calculate results, while others write inputs for external simulation tools, execute them, and then process the results and update the state of the ARMI model. By using a standardized framework, a single design change, such as the modification of the fuel pin diameter, is seamlessly translated to every module involved in the full analysis; bypassing error-prone multi-analyst, multi-code approaches. Incorporating global flux and depletion solvers, subchannel thermal-hydraulics codes, pin-level power and flux reconstruction methods, detailed fuel cycle and history tracking systems, finite element-based fuel performance coupling, reactivity coefficient generation, SASSYS-1/SAS4A transient modeling, control rod worth routines, and multi-objective optimization engines, ARMI allows “one click” steady-state and transient assessments throughout the reactor lifetime by a single user. This capability allows a user to work on the full-system design iterations required for reactor performance optimizations that has traditionally required the close attention of a multi-disciplinary team. Through the ARMI framework, a single user can quickly explore a design concept and then consult the multi-disciplinary team for model validation and design improvements. This system is in full production use for reactor design at TerraPower, and some of its capabilities are demonstrated in this paper by looking at how design perturbations in fast reactor core assemblies affect steady-state performance at equilibrium as well as transient performance. Additionally, the pin-power profile is examined in the high flux gradient portion of the core to show the impact of the perturbations on pin peaking factors.
Reports on the topic "Team Performance Framework; Team Performance; Performance Measurement Systems"
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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez, and Renato Vargas. Integrating the Value of Natural Capital in Evidence-Based Policy Making. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002900.
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This paper describes how Natural Capital Accounting (NCA) can be integrated into economy wide analytical frameworks to enhance evidence based decision making. Examples from applications of the Integrated Environmental Economic Modelling (IEEM) Platform show how explicitly accounting for the contributions of the environment to the economy in economic forecasting can lead to substantially different policy recommendations, overcoming some of the scope limitations of traditional economic performance analysis. Furthermore, the paper describes how NCA can be integrated into more traditional economic performance measurements, such as the System of National Accounts and their indicators such as adjusted Gross Domestic Product and Genuine Savings. Integration of natural capital into economy-wide analytical frameworks leads to better policy uptake of research findings and it empowers policymakers to avoid short-sighted decisions, which, although they can generate short-term economic gain, can have adverse consequences for economic, social, and environmental sustainability in the long run.