Academic literature on the topic 'Team situation awareness'

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Journal articles on the topic "Team situation awareness"

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Endsley, Mica R., and Michelle M. Robertson. "Team Situation Awareness in Aviation Maintenance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 21 (October 1996): 1077–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604002107.

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To assess team situation awareness in an aviation maintenance setting, a methodology was developed for examining situation awareness requirements that incorporates both individual and team situation awareness perspectives. In the present study, inquires were conducted in the field maintenance setting at a major airline. Contextual inquires were combined with a goal directed task analysis to specify the situation awareness requirements involved in each of the interactions (between and within teams) required to perform maintenance tasks. Situation awareness requirements in a team context are discussed along with recommendations for training programs directed at improving situation awareness with and between teams.
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Gorman, Jamie C., Nancy J. Cooke, Harry K. Pederson, O. Connor Olena, and Janie A. DeJoode. "Coordinated Awareness of Situation by Teams (CAST): Measuring Team Situation Awareness of a Communication Glitch." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 3 (September 2005): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900313.

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A coordination-based measure of team situation awareness is presented and contrasted with knowledge-based measurement. The measure is applied to team awareness of a communication channel failure (glitch) during a simulated unmanned air vehicle reconnaissance experiment. Experimental results are reported, including the findings that not all team members should be identically aware of the glitch and that appropriate levels of coordination are an important precursor of team situation awareness. The results are discussed in terms of the application of coordination metrics to support the understanding of team situation awareness. The use of team coordination as a low-dimension variable of team functionality is scalable over a variety of team sizes and expertise distributions.
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Bolstad, Cheryl A., Haydee M. Cuevas, and Anthony M. Costello. "Improving Situation Awareness through Cross-Training." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 25 (September 2005): 2159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902509.

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This study investigated how cross-training, particularly in a leadership role, may assist individuals in better understanding the task requirements of their fellow team members, and, thereby, increase their shared situation awareness. Data was collected from a training exercise at the Joint Personnel Recovery Agency. Participants were assigned to one of 4 teams (Navy, Army, Special Ops, or Joint Service) and completed a simulated exercise designed to mimic real life events in a recovery center. Each player was rotated though the various positions and teams such that everyone had a chance to be a team director (lead person) and a team member in each of the 4 teams. Situation awareness was measured during the exercise using the SAGAT technique. Overall, results suggest that cross-training may lead to improved situation awareness. Participants, on average, exhibited greater situation awareness following experience in the director role than prior to director experience.
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de Visser, E., R. Parasuraman, A. Freedy, E. Freedy, and G. Weltman. "Evaluating Situation Awareness in Human-Robot Teams." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 18 (October 2007): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101801.

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New methodologies and quantitative measurements for evaluating human-robot team performance must be developed to achieve effective coordination between teams of humans and unmanned vehicles. The Mixed Initiative Team Performance Assessment System (MITPAS) provides such a comprehensive measurement methodology. MITPAS consists of a methodology, tools and procedures to measure the performance of mixed manned and unmanned teams in both training and real world operational environments. This paper shows results of an initial experiment conducted to validate the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) methodology as part of the MITPAS tool and gain insight into the effect of robot competence on operator situation awareness as well as on overall human-robot team performance.
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Demir, Mustafa, Nathan J. McNeese, Manrong She, and Nancy J. Cooke. "Team Coordination of Team Situation Awareness in Human-Autonomy Teaming." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631259.

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Project Overview Team Situation Awareness (TSA), which is a part of team cognition, is a critical factor that influences team effectiveness. It can be defined as getting the right information from the right person within the right amount of time, in order to overcome an unexpected event (Gorman, Cooke, Pederson, Connor, & DeJoode, 2005). TSA is developed and maintained through team interactions, allowing for the measurement of TSA based on team interaction (Cooke & Gorman, 2009). In the current study, a specific measure, Coordinated Awareness of Situation by Teams (CAST) is used (Cooke & Gorman, 2009). CAST evaluates the effectiveness and efficiency of team interaction under “roadblock” scenarios (Gorman, Cooke, & Winner, 2006). These roadblocks represent novel situations in the task and require effective team communication and coordination. Team members must assess the situation according to their own specialized role and/or resources and coordinate with other team members to overcome each separate roadblock. In this task, effective communication refers to team anticipation. That is, each team member needs to anticipate each other’s needs by pushing information rather than pulling information during the task (Demir, McNeese, & Cooke, 2017). In this study, we examined how pushing and pulling information, and CAST were associated with Team Situation Awareness (TSA) in both Human-Autonomy (HAT) and all-human teams in simulated Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) task environment. In this research, we integrated the synthetic agent to the Cognitive Engineering Research on Team Tasks Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems - Synthetic Task Environment (CERTT-RPAS-STE) which was designed to be both a flexible research platform and a realistic task environment with a view to researching team performance and interaction-based measures of team cognition. In the simulated CERTT testbed, there are three heterogeneous teammates who need to take good photos of each target waypoint by communicating via text-chat: (1) the navigator who creates a dynamic flight plan and provides information about the waypoints, the RPA’s airspeed, and altitude restrictions to the pilot; (2) the pilot, who controls the RPA’s heading, altitude, and airspeed, and negotiates with the photographer in order to take a good photo; and (3) the photographer, who monitors sensor equipment in order to take photographs of target waypoints and sends feedback to the other team members about the quality of the photo. This project aimed to understand how team behaviors and team performance differed between HATs and all-human teams in RPAS operations: (1) the synthetic condition—the pilot role was given to the synthetic teammate, which was an ACT-R based cognitive model (which had a limited interaction ability, see Ball et al., 2010; Demir et al., 2015); (2) the control condition—the pilot was a randomly selected human participant, just like the other two participants; and (3) the experimenter condition—one of the experimenters served as an expert pilot. Experimenter condition utilized a Wizard of Oz paradigm in which a trained experimenter (located in a separate room) used a script to imitate a synthetic teammate and communicated with participants in limited communication behaviors but pushing and pulling information in a timely manner (robust coordination). Method There were 30 teams (10 for each condition): control teams consisted of three participants randomly assigned to each role; synthetic and experimenter teams included two participants randomly assigned to the navigator and photographer roles. The experiment took place over five 40-minute missions, and the goal was to take as many “good” photos of ground targets as possible while avoiding alarms and rule violations. During each mission, teams were presented with “roadblocks” by the introduction of a new, ad hoc target waypoint. We collected several measures, but we focused on: the proportion of roadblocks overcome per mission as an outcome measure of TSA; the CAST which is a coordination sequence of team interaction across the team members (i.e. which team members share with team members their experience during the roadblock); and verbal behaviors such as pushing and pulling information. Results and discussion In this team task, effective teamwork involves anticipating the needs of teammates, which in turn means pushing information before it is requested. However, in addition to anticipation, effective coordination is also needed during roadblocks. HATs demonstrated significantly lower levels of CAST than all-human teams. These results indicate that HATs’ lack of anticipation and coordination resulted in poorer TSA performance. These findings help HATs to grow its coordination and communication methodologies. Finally, future studies might examine the relationships highlighted in this study via nonlinear measures in terms of team stability and flexibility based on their communication and coordination patterns during the novel events. HAT is here to stay but improvements to human-machine interactions must continue if we are to improve team effectiveness.
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Bolstad, Cheryl A., Peter Foltz, Marita Franzke, Haydee M. Cuevas, Mark Rosenstein, and Anthony M. Costello. "Predicting Situation Awareness from Team Communications." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 12 (October 2007): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101203.

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Given the importance of Situation Awareness (SA) in military operations, there is a critical need for a realtime, unobtrusive tool that objectively and reliably measures warfighters' SA in both training and operations. Just as the requirement for improved access to SA measures has become vital, it is now commonplace for military team communications to be mediated by technology, hence easily captured and available for analysis. We believe that team communications can be used to derive SA measures. To address this issue, we are developing the Automated Communications Analysis of Situation Awareness (ACASA) system. ACASA combines the explanatory capacity of the SA construct with the predictive and computational power of TeamPrints, to assess team and shared SA as well as other cognitive processes. TeamPrints is a system that combines computational linguistics and machine learning techniques coupled with Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to analyze team communication. In this paper, we present the findings from an exploratory evaluation of how well TeamPrints predicts SA from the team communications arising during a military training exercise.
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Cuevas, H. M., R. E. T. Jones, and M. E. Mossey. "Team and Shared Situation Awareness in Disaster Action Teams." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 55, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181311551075.

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McNeese, Nathan J., Mustafa Demir, Nancy J. Cooke, and Manrong She. "Team Situation Awareness and Conflict: A Study of Human–Machine Teaming." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 15, no. 2-3 (May 19, 2021): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15553434211017354.

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This article focuses on two fundamental human–human teamwork behaviors and seeks to understand them better in human–machine teams. Specifically, team situation awareness (TSA) and team conflict are examined in human–machine teams. There is a significant need to identify how TSA and team conflict occur during human–machine teaming, in addition to how they impact each other. In this work, we present an experiment aimed at understanding TSA and team conflict in the context of human–machine teaming in a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS). Three conditions were tested: (1) control: teams consisted of all humans; (2) synthetic: teams consisted of the pilot role being occupied by a computational agent based on ACT-R architecture that employed AI capabilities, with all other team roles being humans; and (3) experimenter: an experimenter playing the role of the pilot as a highly effective computational agent, with the other roles being humans. The results indicate that TSA improved over time in synthetic teams, improved and then stabilized over time in experimenter teams, and did not improve in control teams. In addition, results show that control teams had the most team conflict. Finally, in the control condition, team conflict negatively impacts TSA.
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Salas, Eduardo, Carolyn Prince, David P. Baker, and Lisa Shrestha. "Situation Awareness in Team Performance: Implications for Measurement and Training." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37, no. 1 (March 1995): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049525.

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Situation awareness has long been recognized as an important variable in aviation performance. Research to date has focused on identifying characteristics of situation awareness for individuals, not on the behaviors and processes associated with team situation awareness. The purpose of this review is to delineate and identify characteristics of team situation awareness. In addition, implications are discussed and research questions are outlined that target the measurement and training of situation awareness in teams.
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Cuevas, Haydee M., and Cheryl A. Bolstad. "Influence of Team Leaders' Situation Awareness on their Team's Situation Awareness and Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 54, no. 4 (September 2010): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193121005400409.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Team situation awareness"

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Sørensen, Linda Johnstone. "Distributed situation awareness : experimental studies into team work." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/355965/.

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For Command and Control teams Situation Awareness forms an important part of their ability to execute their tasks. It is therefore a crucial consideration in Command and Control systems to understand how best to support and design these systems. Despite a considerable amount of attention since the 1980s no consensus has yet been reached concerning the nature of team SA. Three schools of thought on SA: the Individualistic, the Engineering and the System Ergonomics, provide three different approaches to understanding the phenomenon of SA and its measurement. This thesis argues that the System Ergonomics school of thought, with the theory of Distributed SA, provides the most resilient approach to understanding team SA. This thesis advances and validates the theory of Distributed SA. A review of SA theory is presented, in which particular attention is given to Distributed SA. Drawing on the distributed cognition and systems theories Distributed SA takes the interaction between agents and their environment into account when exploring how SA emerges, followed by a review of measures utilised for assessing Distributed SA. The methods utilised in this work, namely the Critical Decision Method and Communications Analysis, are assessed in terms of their reliability and validity of eliciting Distributed SA. The findings suggested that methods to assess team SA can be tailored to collect data at different phases of activity. It was concluded that the Hierarchical Task Analysis may be applied before, Communication Analysis during and the Critical Decision Method after Command and Control activity. An experiment was performed to test the assumption that a relationship exists between organisational structure and team performance and between Distributed SA and team performance. Conclusive differences were found between different organisational structures and performance lending support to the literature. Distributed SA was found to be strongly correlated with good task performance and moderately negatively correlated with poor task performance. The relationship appeared to be mediated by organisational structure. Furthermore, a series of case studies are used to explore the components of Distributed SA, i.e. transactional and compatible SA. The analysis showed that more effective teams were characterised by a high volume of communications and had a different pattern of transactions compared to less effective teams. The findings are used to contribute to the existing debate concerning team SA and to advance the theory of Distributed SA.
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Fogel, Annelie. "Team Performance : exploring team situation awareness, mental models, and team processes in breathing apparatus rescues." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2643.

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The current study aimed at investigating the concepts of team situation awareness, mental models, and team processes in relation to performance in the complex, dynamic environment of breathing apparatus rescues. Data was collected during exercises at Ågesta training center through questionnaires and after action reviews. 28 firemen and 5 instructors participated in the exercises. Also, a stimulated recall interview was conducted with 2 of the firemen that had participated in one of the exercises. The different data collection methods all indicated that well-developed mental models or a high degree of pre-task knowledge affected performance in a positive way. Moreover, a multiple regression analysis showed that both pre-task knowledge and team processes significantly can predict performance. The results of the analysis of team situation awareness in relation to performance were fairly ambiguous. Therefore, further research is needed to establish the relation between these concepts in the domain at matter.

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Salmon, Paul. "Distributed situation awareness : advances in theory, measurement and application to team work." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3278.

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Situation Awareness (SA) is critical commodity for teams working in complex sociotechnical systems and is thus a fundamental consideration in collaborative system design and evaluation. Despite this, SA remains predominantly an individual construct, with the majority of models and measures focused on SA from an individual perspective. In comparison, team SA has received much less attention and this thesis argues that further work is required in the area both in relation to the development of theoretical perspectives and of valid measures, and to the development of guidelines for system, training and procedure design. This thesis advances team SA theory and measurement by further investigating a recently proposed model of SA in complex collaborative environments, the Distributed Situation Awareness (DSA) approach, and by testing a new methodology for representing and analysing DSA during real world collaborative activities. A review of SA theory and SA measurement approaches is presented. Following this, the DSA theory and propositional network assessment methodology are outlined and a series of case studies on DSA during real world collaborative activities in the military and civil domains are presented. The findings are subsequently used to explore the concept of DSA and the sub-concepts of compatible and transactive SA. In conclusion, a model of DSA in complex collaborative systems is presented, and a series of system design guidelines for supporting DSA are outlined.
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Höglund, Fredrik. "Using Shared Priorities to Measure Shared Situation Awareness : A new approach for measuring shared team variables." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72981.

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While the concept of situation awareness have received a lot of attention over the past 15 years and many different measures have been developed and tested, the concepts of team situation awareness and shared situation awareness have not gotten as much attention and less progress has been made in developing a meaningful and validated measure. Thus, the purpose of this study is to operationalize the concept of shared situation awareness and test its consequences and relation to other concepts. In this study a new measure for shared situation awareness was developed and its potential evaluated. The measure was a shared priorities measure where the participants of the study each wrote down and rank ordered five factors they thought were important for good team performance in the situation. The factors were then scrambled and handed over to the other participant who once again ordered them according to priority. The correspondence between the two participants’ ratings was hypothesized to correlate with shared situation awareness. The results show that the shared priorities measure in this study did not relate to shared situation awareness. Several methodological concerns was identified which could have affected the results. The measure did relate to subjective ratings of cooperation which is very interesting and it is suggested that the measure captured aspects of teamwork. The shared priorities measure was easy to employ, required little preparation, has a high face-validity and is a promising addition to team research.
Under de senaste 15 åren har konceptet situationsmedvetande uppmärksammats en hel del, och många mått har utvecklats och blivit testade. Däremot har inte konceptet delat situationsmedvetande kommit lika långt i form av metodutveckling och validering. Syftet med denna rapport är att operationalisera begreppet delat situationsmedvetande och pröva det mot andra koncept. Inom ramen för detta arbete utvecklades ett nytt mått för delat situationsmedvetande som också testades empiriskt. Måttet mäter hur väl ett team har delade prioriteringar. Varje deltagare genererar fem faktorer för vad som är viktigt för god teamprestation i situationen och rangordnar dem i prioritetsordning. Dessa faktorer blandades sen om och delas ut till den andre teammedlemmen som i sin tur rangordnar faktorerna i prioritetsordning. Hur väl faktorernas rangordning korresponderar med varandra antogs vara ett mått på teamets delade situationsmedvetande. Resultatet visar att rangordningsmåttet inte har något samband med subjektivt bedömt delat situationsmedvetande. Flera metodologiska problem identifierades som kan ha påverkat resultatet. Däremot korrelerade rangordningsmåttet med hur väl samarbetet i teamet ansågs fungera, vilket tyder på att måttet fångar aspekter av hur teamet fungerar som team. Rangordningsmåttet var enkelt att använda, krävde lite förberedelse, har hög face-validity och verkar vara en möjlig väg att fortsätta studera team.
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Wåhlin, Peter. "Enhanching the Human-Team Awareness of a Robot." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-16371.

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The use of autonomous robots in our society is increasing every day and a robot is no longer seen as a tool but as a team member. The robots are now working side by side with us and provide assistance during dangerous operations where humans otherwise are at risk. This development has in turn increased the need of robots with more human-awareness. Therefore, this master thesis aims at contributing to the enhancement of human-aware robotics. Specifically, we are investigating the possibilities of equipping autonomous robots with the capability of assessing and detecting activities in human teams. This capability could, for instance, be used in the robot's reasoning and planning components to create better plans that ultimately would result in improved human-robot teamwork performance. we propose to improve existing teamwork activity recognizers by adding intangible features, such as stress, motivation and focus, originating from human behavior models. Hidden markov models have earlier been proven very efficient for activity recognition and have therefore been utilized in this work as a method for classification of behaviors. In order for a robot to provide effective assistance to a human team it must not only consider spatio-temporal parameters for team members but also the psychological.To assess psychological parameters this master thesis suggests to use the body signals of team members. Body signals such as heart rate and skin conductance. Combined with the body signals we investigate the possibility of using System Dynamics models to interpret the current psychological states of the human team members, thus enhancing the human-awareness of a robot.
Användningen av autonoma robotar i vårt samhälle ökar varje dag och en robot ses inte längre som ett verktyg utan som en gruppmedlem. Robotarna arbetar nu sida vid sida med oss och ger oss stöd under farliga arbeten där människor annars är utsatta för risker. Denna utveckling har i sin tur ökat behovet av robotar med mer människo-medvetenhet. Därför är målet med detta examensarbete att bidra till en stärkt människo-medvetenhet hos robotar. Specifikt undersöker vi möjligheterna att utrusta autonoma robotar med förmågan att bedöma och upptäcka olika beteenden hos mänskliga lag. Denna förmåga skulle till exempel kunna användas i robotens resonemang och planering för att ta beslut och i sin tur förbättra samarbetet mellan människa och robot. Vi föreslår att förbättra befintliga aktivitetsidentifierare genom att tillföra förmågan att tolka immateriella beteenden hos människan, såsom stress, motivation och fokus. Att kunna urskilja lagaktiviteter inom ett mänskligt lag är grundläggande för en robot som ska vara till stöd för laget. Dolda markovmodeller har tidigare visat sig vara mycket effektiva för just aktivitetsidentifiering och har därför använts i detta arbete. För att en robot ska kunna ha möjlighet att ge ett effektivt stöd till ett mänskligtlag måste den inte bara ta hänsyn till rumsliga parametrar hos lagmedlemmarna utan även de psykologiska. För att tyda psykologiska parametrar hos människor förespråkar denna masteravhandling utnyttjandet av mänskliga kroppssignaler. Signaler så som hjärtfrekvens och hudkonduktans. Kombinerat med kroppenssignalerar påvisar vi möjligheten att använda systemdynamiksmodeller för att tolka immateriella beteenden, vilket i sin tur kan stärka människo-medvetenheten hos en robot.

The thesis work was conducted in Stockholm, Kista at the department of Informatics and Aero System at Swedish Defence Research Agency.

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D'Esmond, Lynn Berggren Knapp. "Distracted Practice and Patient Safety: The Healthcare Team Experience: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/41.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of distracted practice across the healthcare team. Definition: Distracted practice is the diversion of a portion of available cognitive resources that may be needed to effectively perform/carry out the current activity. Background: Distracted practice is the result of individuals interacting with the healthcare team, the environment and technology in the performance of their jobs. The resultant behaviors can lead to error and affect patient safety. Methods: A qualitative descriptive (QD) approach was used that integrated observations with semi-structured interviews. The conceptual framework was based on the distracted driving model and a completed concept analysis. Results: There were 22 observation sessions and 32 interviews (12 RNs, 11 MDs, and 9 Pharmacists) completed between December, 2014 and July 2015. Results suggested that distracted practice is based on the main theme of cognitive resources which varies by the subthemes of individual differences; environmental disruptions; team awareness; and “rush mode”/time pressure. Conclusions and Implications: Distracted practice is an individual human experience that occurs when there are not enough cognitive resources available to effectively complete the task at hand. In that moment an individual shifts from thinking critically, being able to complete their current task without error, to not thinking critically and working in an automatic mode. This is when errors occur. Additional research is needed to evaluate intervention strategies to reduce and prevent distracted practice.
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Ekström, Ellen. "Using Shared Priorities to Support Training of Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Crews." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120076.

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Swedish nuclear power plant control room crews have training sessions in full scope simulators every year. These sessions are designed to prepare operators to cope with incidents and accidents. The aim is to develop operators’ knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to operate the nuclear power plant in a safe manner. Training sessions is an opportunity to practice and develop the crews’ teamwork, decision processes and working strategies. The purpose of this study was to explore if and how the instrument Shared Priorities can support training of nuclear power plant control room crews. Shared Priorities is an instrument to measure teams’ shared awareness of a situation and has in earlier studies been used in military and student teams. During the simulator re-training period of control room crews, 14 crews used the instrument Shared Priorities in one or two of their training scenarios. The instrument consists of two steps. Firstly, crew members generate and prioritise a list of five items they think are most important for the crew to cope with in the scenarios current situation. They also rank another crew member’s list. Secondly, the crews and instructors perform a focus group discussion based on the generated lists. Results from questionnaires, focus group discussions and an interview with instructors showed that operators and instructors believe that Shared Priorities can support their training in several ways. Crews see meetings and other disseminations of information as an essential part of maintaining shared understanding of different situations. They believe the instrument may help crews reflect upon and develop their meeting procedures. Operators and instructors also believe that by using the instrument it can help crews to increase their understanding of having a shared situation understanding and shared vision. However the procedure when using Shared Priorities has to be modified in order to be able to support crews’ training in an optimal way.
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Bisbey, Tiffany. "Toward a Theory of Practical Drift in Teams." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1574.

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Practical drift is defined as the unintentional adaptation of routine behaviors from written procedure. The occurrence of practical drift can result in catastrophic disaster in high-reliability organizations (e.g. the military, emergency medicine, space exploration). Given the lack of empirical research on practical drift, this research sought to develop a better understanding by investigating ways to assess and stop the process in high-reliability organizations. An introductory literature review was conducted to investigate the variables that play a role in the occurrence of practical drift in teams. Research was guided by the input-throughput-output model of team adaptation posed by Burke, Stagl, Salas, Pierce, and Kendall (2006). It demonstrates relationships supported by the results of the literature review and the Burke and colleagues (2006) model denoting potential indicators of practical drift in teams. Research centralized on the core processes and emergent states of the adaptive cycle; namely, shared mental models, team situation awareness, and coordination. The resulting model shows the relationship of procedure—practice coupling demands misfit and maladaptive violations of procedure being mediated by shared mental models, team situation awareness, and coordination. Shared mental models also lead to team situation awareness, and both depict a mutual, positive relationship with coordination. The cycle restarts when an error caused by maladaptive violations of procedure creates a greater misfit between procedural demands and practical demands. This movement toward a theory of practical drift in teams provides a conceptual framework and testable propositions for future research to build from, giving practical avenues to predict and prevent accidents resulting from drift in high-reliability organizations. Suggestions for future research are also discussed, including possible directions to explore. By examining the relationships reflected in the new model, steps can be taken to counteract organizational failures in the process of practical drift in teams.
B.S.
Bachelors
Psychology
Sciences
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Prebot, Baptiste. "Représentation partagée et travail collaboratif en contexte C2 : monitoring d'opérateurs en situation simulée de command and control." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0227.

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L’évolution des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) a permis le développement du travail collaboratif dans quasiment tous les secteurs de l’activité humaine. Pour assurer la performance du collectif et minimiser le risque d’erreurs, il est crucial que les individus qui collaborent partagent une même représentation de la situation dans laquelle ils sont engagés. Ceci est d’autant plus vrai en situation de crise militaire, comme il en existe au sein des structures de commandement et contrôle d’opérations (C2).Dans un environnement marqué par la complexité grandissante des conflits, l’enjeu est aujourd’hui à la fois scientifique et hautement applicatif. L’avancée de l’étude de la cognition collective, cœur du travail collaboratif, est porteuse d’un potentiel certain qui doit se traduire par des applications concrètes au service de l’optimisation de la gestion et de la réalisation des tâches collectives. L’évaluation en temps réel de la cognition des individus et des équipes permet d’envisager des outils et des systèmes adaptatifs pour gagner en efficacité, en performance et en agilité. Face à ces enjeux, notre objectif, sur commande de la DGA, est de trouver des mesures appropriées qui permettraient une évaluation de la dynamique du partage des consciences de situation, dans le contexte très contraignant des salles de commandement et de contrôle, qui nécessite la plus faible instrumentation possible des opérateurs.Notre contribution au domaine est double. D’une part nous proposons le concept de synchronie des consciences de situation, pour soutenir le développement théorique de l’étude de la dynamique de partage de conscience de situation. D’autre part nous mettons en évidence l’importance d’adopter une méthodologie d’ingénierie cognitique, dans une perspective de transposition des connaissances de laboratoire à une situation d’application complexe, s’apparentant autant que possible à l’environnement réel de prise de décision en C2.Notre travail a alors consisté à explorer des mesures quantitatives du partage de conscience de situation, adaptées à l’exploitation automatisée et en temps réel par un système de diagnostic de la cognition collective. Nous avons mis en pratique l’utilisation du monitoring psychophysiologique et comportemental d’opérateurs engagés dans une tache (individuelle, puis collective) de C2, pour évaluer leur partage de conscience de situation, par l’utilisation de la pupillométrie par oculomètre (eye tracker).Ces études, nous ont amenés à mesurer la sensibilité du monitoring à la dynamique des consciences de situation des opérateurs et à leur partage en environnement écologique.Ce travail de doctorat se présente comme une mise en avant de l’intérêt et de l’applicabilité de systèmes d’évaluation du partage de cognition en environnement de travail collaboratif réaliste, et s’accompagne de propositions concernant le futur de la recherche sur le C2
Advances in information and communication technologies has enabled the development of collaborative work in almost all sectors of human activity. To ensure the performance of the group and minimize the risk of errors, it is crucial that the team members share a common understanding of the situation in which they are involved. This is particularly true in military crisis situations, such as those that exist within command and control (C2) structures.Within an environment characterized by the growing complexity of conflicts, the challenge today is both scientific and highly applicative. Progress in the study of collective cognition, the heart of collaborative work, has a clear potential that must be translated into tangible applications to optimize the management and execution of collective tasks. Real-time evaluation of the cognition of individuals and teams allows to envisage adaptive tools and systems to improve efficiency, performance and agility.In light of these challenges, our objective, commissioned by the DGA, is to find appropriate measures that would enable an assessment of the dynamics of the sharing of situational awareness, in the very constraining context of command and control room operations, which require the lowest possible level of instrumentation of operators.Our contribution to the field has been dual. We have proposed the concept of situation awareness synchrony to support the theoretical development of the study of the dynamics of situation awareness sharing. In addition, we have highlighted the importance of adopting a cognitive engineering methodology, in the perspective of transposing laboratory knowledge to a more complex application environments.Thus, our work consisted in exploring quantitative measures of shared situational awareness, suitable for automated and real-time exploitation by a collective cognition diagnostic system. We applied psychophysiological and behavioural monitoring of operators engaged in a C2 task (individual, then collective), to evaluate their shared situation awareness, using eye tracker pupillometry.These studies have led us to analyze the sensitivity of this monitoring to the dynamics of the operators' situational awareness and its sharing in an ecological environment.This doctoral work is presented as a demonstration of the interest and applicability of shared cognition evaluation systems in realistic collaborative work environments, and is supported by proposals concerning the future of research on C2
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Tardan, Vincent. "Le rôle de la communication d’un chef d’équipe dans l’élaboration collective de la conscience de la situation : Le cas du Maître de central dans l’équipe Sécurité-Plongée des sous-marins nucléaires d’attaque." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS064.

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La thèse s’inscrit dans un projet de recherche mené par l’Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA). Ce projet vise à répondre à une demande formulée par l’Amiral Commandant des Forces Océaniques et Stratégiques suite à plusieurs incidents dans lesquels un défaut de transmission des informations au sein de l’équipe Sécurité-Plongée des Sous-marins Nucléaires d’Attaque a été identifié comme un facteur causal.Terrain. L’équipe Sécurité-Plongée, située dans le Poste Central Navigation Opérations, est en charge de la conduite et du maintien de la sécurité du sous-marin. Cette équipe travaille en coopération étroite avec d’autres équipes, principalement par l’intermédiaire de la communication verbale (en présentiel et à distance). Une première analyse de l’activité a permis d’identifier le chef d’équipe comme un élément central dans la transmission des informations entre le commandement et les membres de l’équipe Sécurité-Plongée, en charge du contrôle direct du processus. Pour cela, il lui est nécessaire d’élaborer une conscience de la situation adaptée aux objectifs du commandement et aux contraintes auxquelles sont confrontés ses coéquipiers. La recherche de thèse porte sur les mécanismes d’élaboration de la conscience de la situation collective lors de la gestion d’une situation dynamique et à risques.Méthode. Nos observations ont été réalisées auprès de 15 équipes de 6 sous-mariniers, lors de situations de simulation qui s’intègrent dans leur entraînement évalué et préalable à un départ en mission. Ces situations sont fortement contraintes temporellement et sont ponctuées de plusieurs phases de résolution de problèmes. La méthode que nous avons mise en œuvre de façon à étudier l’élaboration de la conscience de la situation collective se base sur la caractérisation des interactions verbales de l’équipe Sécurité-Plongée.Problématique. La thèse défendue est que la conscience de la situation collective émerge à partir des informations partagées au sein de l’équipe. Le chef d’équipe occupant une place centrale dans ce réseau, la caractérisation des informations qu’il échange avec ses coéquipiers permet de rendre compte de la dynamique de l’élaboration de sa conscience de la situation collective.Partie empirique. ─ La première étude de la thèse consiste en l’analyse de l’activité lors d’un épisode intéressant du point de vue de l’élaboration de la conscience de la situation, avec l’alternance de phases de conduite et de résolution de problèmes. Cette étude nous a permis d’identifier la dynamique des tâches réalisées et d’établir deux critères de performance, un pour la conduite et un pour la résolution de problèmes. La seconde étude vise à caractériser les flux de communication en s’appuyant notamment sur une méthode issue de l’analyse des réseaux sociaux. L’objectif est d’étudier d’une part l’impact de l’expérience des opérateurs sur la structure de la communication verbale, et d’autre part les liens entre la structure du réseau et la performance (de conduite et de résolution de problème). La troisième étude vise à identifier les processus cognitifs et les objets mobilisés dans la communication verbale. L’objectif est d’analyser l’impact de l’expérience des opérateurs sur le contenu des communications verbales d’une part, et les liens entre le contenu des communications verbales et la performance d’autre part.L’originalité de la thèse réside en partie dans cette articulation de méthodes d’analyse de la structure et du contenu de la communication verbale, en lien étroit avec l’activité, de façon à comprendre comme s’élabore la conscience de la situation d’un individu central dans un collectif en situation dynamique et à risques
This thesis is part of a research project conducted by the French Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute). The project aims to respond to a request made by the Admiral Commander of the Oceanic and Strategic Forces following several incidents in which a failure to transmit information within the SSN’s Diving Safety team was identified as a causal factor.Domain. The Diving Safety team, which is located in the Operation and Navigation Department, is responsible for the driving and maintenance of the submarine’s technical safety. This team works closely with other teams, mainly through verbal communication (face-to-face and remote). An initial analysis of their activities identified the team leader as a key element in the transmission of information between the command post and the members of the Diving Safety team, as this person has direct control of the process. The latter requires developing situation awareness (SA) that meets the objectives set by the command post and the constraints faced by his teammates. The research program described in this thesis focuses on the role of the team leader on mechanisms for developing collective SA when managing a dynamic and risky situation.Method. Our observations were made with 15 teams of 6 submariners, during simulation exercises that are part of their assessed training that is held prior to mission departure. These situations are highly time-constrained and are punctuated by several problem-solving phases. The method that we implemented to study the development of collective SA is based on the characterization of verbal interactions.Problem statement. We argue that collective SA emerges from the information shared within the team. Since the team leader is central in this network, the characterization of the information he exchanges with his teammates makes it possible to report on the dynamics of the development of the collective SA.Empirical studies. The first part of the thesis consists in the analysis of activity during an interesting episode from the point of view of developing SA, with alternating driving and problem-solving phases. This study allowed us to identify the dynamics of the tasks performed, and to establish two performance criteria, one for driving and one for problem solving. The second part aims to characterize communication flows based on a method derived from the social networks analysis. The objective is to study the impact of operators’ experience on the structure of verbal communication, on the one hand, and the links between the network structure and performance (driving and problem solving), on the other. The third part aims to identify in verbal communication the cognitive processes and objects involved in developing collective SA. The objective is to analyse the impact of operators’ experience on the content of verbal communication, on the one hand, and the links between the content of verbal communication and performance on the other.The originality of this thesis lies, in part, in this articulation of methods for analysing the structure and content of verbal communication, in close connection with the activity, in order to understand how collective SA develops in a dynamic and risky situation
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Books on the topic "Team situation awareness"

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Schulz, Christian M. Situation Awareness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0007.

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In anesthesia, situation awareness (SA) represents the degree to which an anesthetist perceives the information in her or his environment, comprehends the patient’s situation, and projects the patient’s situation into the future. There are three levels of SA: perception, comprehension, and projection. After perception, basic information has to be integrated, and several cognitive mechanisms enable correct, complete, and quick development of SA. These processes require long-term memory content such as mental models, similar (prototypical) situations that have been experienced earlier, automaticity, and medical knowledge including guidelines and algorithms. Several tools have the potential to provide qualitative and quantitative assessment of SA in anesthesia, including goal-directed task analysis (GDTA) and SA error taxonomy. In this chapter, the role of SA in anesthesia is illustrated, and factors are described that have the potential for either enhancing or hindering the development of adequate SA.
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Evans, Charlotte, Anne Creaton, Marcus Kennedy, and Terry Martin, eds. Crisis resource management. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722168.003.0007.

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Integral to the delivery of excellence in retrieval medicine is crisis resource management. These concepts are comprehensively discussed in a ‘theory’ and ‘application’ format for ease of use by the reader. Examples and advice on how to improve team-working, leadership, planning skills, communication, and situational awareness, therefore minimizing patient risk and improving outcomes are discussed. Planning for unexpected complications in the austere environment negates risk. Concepts such as error wisdom, mindfulness, and situational and risk awareness are introduced for the reader to gain additional perspective of situation and self. The chapter ends with a brief overview of the application and benefits of simulation use in CRM.
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Burden, Amanda R., Jeffrey B. Cooper, and David M. Gaba. Crisis Resource Management and Patient Safety in Anesthesia Practice. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0011.

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Crisis resource management (CRM) and patient safety are fundamental to the practice of anesthesiology. Human error and system failures continue to play a substantial role in preventable errors that lead to adverse outcomes or death. Many of these deaths are not the result of inadequate medical knowledge and skill, but occur because of problems involving communication and team management. CRM addresses these patient safety issues by addressing behavioral skills for critical events. These skills provide tools to help the leader manage the team and to help the team work together; they include calling for help, establishing situation awareness, using checklists, and communicating effectively. Effective strategies to teach these skills include the use of simulation for team training and Team STEPPS.
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Stanton, Neville A., Paul M. Salmon, and Daniel P. Jenkins. Distributed Situation Awareness: Theory, Measurement and Application to Teamwork. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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M, Salmon Paul, ed. Distributed situation awareness: Theory, measurement, and application to teamwork. Farnham, Surrey [Eng.]: Ashgate, 2009.

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Butcher, Brad W. Leadership and Crisis Management (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0003.

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Medical errors were recently identified as the third leading cause of death in the United States. Many of these errors result from deficiencies in nontechnical skills (NTS), including effective communication and appropriate task delegation. Rapid response teams (RRTs) operate in error-prone, high-stakes environments where elevated clinical risk, substantial time pressure, and the need to perform multiple actions in parallel coexist. Borrowing from the aviation industry and the military, medicine is placing a growing emphasis on instructing healthcare providers, particularly members of teams, in the NTS of crisis management. Barriers to developing these skills can be overcome through encouraging standardization and practice using realistic simulation. When directing a team in the care of a deteriorating patient, RRT leaders must introduce team members and their roles, maintain an assertive yet inclusive tone, practice closed loop communication, control the crowd, maintain situational awareness, promote a flattened hierarchy, and perform regular debriefing sessions.
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Book chapters on the topic "Team situation awareness"

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Zhang, Zhan, and Diana Kusunoki. "Situation Awareness in Medical Teamwork." In Fields of Practice and Applied Solutions within Distributed Team Cognition, 89–116. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429459542-5.

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Rajivan, Prashanth, and Nancy Cooke. "Impact of Team Collaboration on Cybersecurity Situational Awareness." In Theory and Models for Cyber Situation Awareness, 203–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61152-5_8.

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Liu, Shuang, Zhen Liao, Yingwei Zhou, Xin Wang, and Da Tao. "Analyzing and Modeling of Crew Team Situation Awareness." In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 121–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2323-1_15.

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Forster, Peter K., and Samantha Weirman. "Improving Situation Awareness in Social Unrest Using Twitter." In Fields of Practice and Applied Solutions within Distributed Team Cognition, 69–87. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429459542-4.

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Hoogendoorn, Mark, Pieter Huibers, Rianne van Lambalgen, and Jan Joris Roessingh. "A Model of Team Decision Making Using Situation Awareness." In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 113–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30732-4_14.

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Lo, Julia C., and Sebastiaan A. Meijer. "Gaming Simulation Design for Individual and Team Situation Awareness." In Frontiers in Gaming Simulation, 121–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04954-0_15.

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She, Manrong, and Zhizhong Li. "Team Situation Awareness: A Review of Definitions and Conceptual Models." In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Performance, Emotion and Situation Awareness, 406–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58472-0_31.

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Li, Pengcheng, Xiaofang Li, Licao Dai, Li Zhang, and Xiao Jin. "Analysis of Team Situation Awareness Errors in Digital Nuclear Power Plants." In Advances in Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance, 68–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94391-6_7.

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Zuo, Guimei, Jianhua Chen, and Licao Dai. "Experimental Research on Measurement of Team Situation Awareness in Nuclear Power Plants." In Advances in Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance, 199–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20037-4_18.

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Wu, Xu, Chuanyan Feng, Xiaoru Wanyan, Shuang Liu, Lin Ding, Chongchong Miao, Yuhui Wang, and Xueli He. "How Shared Screen Affected Team Collaboration Task, A Case Study of Ergonomics Experiment on Team Situation Awareness." In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, 241–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91122-9_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Team situation awareness"

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Helldin, Tove, Tina Erlandsson, Lars Niklasson, and Göran Falkman. "Situational adapting system supporting team situation awareness." In Security + Defence, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.866174.

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Hayes, Cory, Matthew Marge, Claire Bonial, Clare Voss, and Susan G. Hill. "Team-centric motion planning in unfamiliar environments (Conference Presentation)." In Situation Awareness in Degraded Environments 2018, edited by John (Jack) N. Sanders-Reed and Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2309414.

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Sulistyawati, Ketut, and Yoon Ping Chui. "System Evaluation from Team Situation Awareness Perspective." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2006.385303.

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Usbeck, Kyle, Matthew Gillen, Joseph Loyall, Andrew Gronosky, Joshua Sterling, Ralph Kohler, Kelly Hanlon, Andrew Scally, Richard Newkirk, and David Canestrare. "Improving situation awareness with the Android Team Awareness Kit (ATAK)." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2180014.

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Robert, L., A. McLeod, and A. R. Davis. "ERP Configuration: Does Situation Awareness Impact Team Performance?" In 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2011.188.

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Tardan, Vincent, Léonore Bourgeon, and Françoise Darses. "How do Team Leaders Communicate to Develop Situation Awareness?" In ECCE '16: European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970952.

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Wang, Yanqing, and Chaoqun Liu. "Study on Flight Crew’s Team Situation Awareness Based on Team and Task Process." In 2019 5th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictis.2019.8883854.

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Zequn Huang, Chien-Chung Shen, Sheetal Doshi, Nimmi Thomas, and Ha Duong. "Fuzzy sets based team decision-making for Cyber Situation Awareness." In MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2016.7795473.

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Ma, Jun, and Guangquan Zhang. "Team Situation Awareness measurement using group aggregation and implication operators." In 2008 3rd International Conference on Intelligent System and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iske.2008.4731006.

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Erlandsson, T., T. Helldin, Goran Falkman, and L. Niklasson. "Information fusion supporting team situation awareness for future fighting aircraft." In 2010 13th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icif.2010.5712064.

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Reports on the topic "Team situation awareness"

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Boldstad, Cheryl A., and Mica R. Endsley. The Effects of Task Load and Shared Displays on Team Situation Awareness. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada379027.

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Carbajal, Armida J., Susan Marie Stevens-Adams, Austin Ray Silva, Kevin S. Nauer, Benjamin Robert Anderson, and James Chris Forsythe. Enhanced Training for Cyber Situational Awareness in Red versus Blue Team Exercises. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1325560.

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Ehrlich, Jennifer A., Bruce W. Knerr, Donald R. Lampton, and Daniel P. McDonald. Team Situational Awareness Training in Virtual Environments: Potential Capabilities and Research Issues. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada337606.

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Swartwout, Michael A. Train Undergraduate and Graduate Students in the Spacecraft Design Lifecycle Through the Bandit-D Mission: Collaborative Situational Awareness Using a Team of Four Deployable Spacecraft. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566162.

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