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1
Altenhofen, Max. "West German Government’s Technical Assistance to South Korea: Focusing on the Hohmanneum / Korean-German Technical School." Critical Review of History 127 (May 31, 2019): 381–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.38080/crh.2019.05.127.381.
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Wittje, Roland. "The Establishment of IIT Madras. German Cold War Development Assistance and Engineering Education in India — Das IIT Madras. Deutsche Entwicklungshilfe und indische Ingenieurausbildung im Kalten Krieg." Technikgeschichte 87, no. 4 (2020): 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0040-117x-2020-4-335.
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The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras was established between 1959 and 1974 with assistance of the Federal Republic of Germany, which was the largest West German enterprise in the field of technical education abroad. The support consisted of German experts for teaching and in setting up laboratories and workshops. In this article, I argue that the engagement of the Federal Republic at IIT Madras must be understood primarily as a political project. The Federal Republic saw itself in direct competition with the Soviet Union, but also with the USA and the UK, which in turn supported the establishment of the IITs in Bombay, Kanpur and Delhi. While West Germany’s engagement had initially been motivated by influencing India’s position on divided post-war Germany, this changed towards the end of the 1960s to the vested interest of German policymakers in long-term scientific and technical cooperation. The German assistance was reoriented, from workshop-based engineering education to setting up a technological research university. Planning and policy were guided by political premises, to which the educational and scientific aspects were subordinate, and German staff was controlled and restricted in its scientific freedom. The German faculty saw themselves confronted with implementing a project which had been politically predefined as a successful Indo-German collaboration, by establishing meaningful research and engineering training. As a case study, the article contributes to the important history of aid in technical educational as part of Westas well as East German development aid during the Cold War, which so far has received little if any attention among historians.
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Gemma, William. "The International Society of Emergency Medical Services (ISEMS)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044940.
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In September 1980 at the International Aeromedical Evacuation Congress held in Munich, West Germany, the International Society of Emergency Medical Services (ISEMS) was formed. The purpose of this new society is to develop, promote, and improve EMS throughout the world. The founding members came from sixteen nations and represented such regions as Africa, the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East.This new organization, ISEMS, provides a permanent, ongoing focal point for studies and serves as a global clearinghouse for EMS technical assistance, training, management, and evaluation. The Society remains on an international level, and its eligible membership consists of all persons who participate in EMS throughout the world. The publication of a scientific journal for all EMS personnel is planned. Through ISEMS, International Centers of Excellence will be established to provide technical assistance to countries for improvement of their EMS programs; training seminars and educational programs will also be sponsored. In addition, annually sponsored meetings in key cities in various countries of the world are planned.
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Thoms, Ulrike. "Learning from America? The travels of German nutritional scientists to the USA in the context of the Technical Assistance Program of the Mutual Security Agency and its consequences for the West German Nutritional Policy." Food and History 2, no. 2 (January 2004): 117–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.food.2.300100.
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Puchner, Maximilian. "Planning and Principles of Operational Tactics for Major Medical Incidents." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 2 (1985): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065146.
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Major disasters require extensive activity by the fire-fighting, technical and emergency services. Simultaneously, victims have to be rescued, fires have to be fought and other technical aspects of assistance have to be employed. Ill and injured patients have to be removed from danger, prepared for transport, and taken by ambulance, under the care of skilled personnel, to hospitals. The responsibility for these actions lies in West Germany in the hands of the Fire Brigades.The Alert. Emergency calls arriving at Fire Brigade communication centers or emergency service control centers are often inaccurate. It is necessary for professional emergency personnel to give detailed information from the incident site. This should include the nature and gravity of the damage, the number of injured and their severity, and the best possible access.Exploration of the Site. In major medical incidents it is highly important to gain a full overview of the scale of the danger and damage. Often incident sites with a great number of injured are difficult to reach and to survey.Searching for the Injured. It is a matter of high priority to search all over the site for injured persons and those suffering from shock. In large areas, which are difficult to survey, this must still remain a priority. Additional personnel may have to be called in.
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Шевцов, І., and О. Чепурко. "THE LIFE WAY OF THE COLLABORANT: ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ARCHIVE-INVESTIGATION CASE OF GUSTAV YAKOBOVSKY." Problems of Political History of Ukraine, no. 15 (February 5, 2020): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/11935.
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The article deals period of Gustav Gustavovich Yakobovsky’s life – an ethnic German, a Soviet citizen who initially built his career in the field of education, but during the years of the Nazi occupation of Ukraine he took the path of collaboration. The main attention is paid to collaboration of Gustav Yakobovsky with the invaders as a translator of the SD in Dnepropetrovsk. During his work in the SD G.G.Yakobovsky was involved in Nazi war crimes, that is why a study of the collaborator’s biography helps to understand the period of occupation in Dnepropetrovsk region in 1941–1943 and the history of the local Resistance movement.In particular, the archival materials of the case compiled as a result of the investigation of Yakobovsky in 1948 provide the following information. Gustav Yakobovsky was born on 19.05.1912 in the village of Karlovka in Katerinoslav province in a family of ethnic Germans – descendants of colonists. After leaving Shevchenko Nikopol Labour School in 1928, he graduated from Nikolaipolsky technical school (1933) and the biological faculty of Dnepropetrovsk State University (1938). After receiving a university diploma, he worked as an assistant in the Department of Biochemistry and at the same time he was the Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Biology. Being a university student he married to a former classmate in the technical school О.A. Herzenok. They raised daughter Adele. The unremarkable life of the Soviet intellectual changed in 1941 with the outbreak of the German-Soviet military conflict. At the beginning of German occupation of Dnepropetrovsk he got a job in a death squadron (Einsatzgruppe) as a translator with SD investigator Erich Bing, where he worked from October 9, 1941 to March 1942. Later, from the beginning of 1942 he worked as a personal translator of SD head in Dnepropetrovsk (Hauptsturmführer Plata, and after a change of leadership from January 1942, Sturmbanführer Mulde). From March to September 1942, he worked in department ІІІ of the SD, and from September (?) 1942 to August 1943 in department IV of the SD in Dnipropetrovsk.During the period of service he translated interrogations of arrested Soviet citizens, worked with agents, processed information for the SD, went to arrests, and took part in destroying local underground organizations. In Juny 1943, participating in the rout of a clandestine group (Sinelnikovskaya operation), he was seriously wounded and afterwards was taken to Germany for treatment, where he remained until the Nazi regime surrendered. During his service in the Third Reich, he was awarded Iron Cross 2nd class for military contributions and the Wound Badge 3rd class. To study the future fate of the collaborator is a promising direction of the scientific research. His work for the Wehrmacht in Germany, attempts to legalize after the war and ways to avoid punishment for collaboration, the circumstances of his arrest in the Soviet zone of Germany, the investigation and the court in the Ukrainian SSR – all these are the subjects of research in the following scientific publications.
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Bakker, Steven, Gerben Lent, and Annemarie de Knecht-van Eekelen. "East Meets West in Assessment Development: Western Technical Assistance to Eastern Needs." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 20, no. 1 (October 25, 2005): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.2001.tb00056.x.
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Keck, Otto. "Government policy and technical choice in the West German reactor programme." Research Policy 22, no. 2 (April 1993): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(93)90046-k.
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Botzian, R. "Scientific cooperation and technical assistance in German foreign policy: history and present challenges." Technology in Society 23, no. 3 (August 2001): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-791x(01)00030-6.
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Horchler, S., A. Gerhardus, G. Schmidt-Ehry, B. Schmidt-Ehry, R. Korte, S. K. Mitra, and R. Sauerborn. "The role of research in a technical assistance agency: the case of the ‘German Agency for Technical Co-operation’." Health Policy 70, no. 2 (November 2004): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.04.002.
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Kirillovykh, A. A., S. S. Kuklina, and A. I. Shevchenko. "Methodic assistance as a technological level of methodic guidance for professionally oriented foreign language education." SHS Web of Conferences 87 (2020): 00051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208700051.
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The article deals with the problem of the methodic guidance for instructors who carry out professionally oriented foreign language education in non-linguistic universities. Based on the content-analysis of the concepts of “methodic guidance”, “methodic assistance”, “methodic support”, the levels of functioning of methodic assistance are determined. Using the empirical research methods and the methods of mathematical statistics, the significance and the necessity of the methodic assistance as a technological component of the methodic guidance is confirmed. The main aim of the methodic assistance is to minimize the difficulties in the work of the instructor and thereby to create the conditions for his personal and professional growth. The article also provides an example of the methodic assistance to an instructor for specific didactic and methodic maintenance of foreign language education in German for technical areas of training.
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Cooper, Belinda. "The Western Connection: Western Support for the East German Opposition." German Politics and Society 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503003782353367.
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Without help from the west, the small East German opposition,such as it was, never would have achieved as much as it did. Themoney, moral support, media attention, and protection provided bywestern supporters may have made as much of a difference to theopposition as West German financial support made to the East Germanstate. Yet this help was often resented and rarely acknowledgedby eastern activists. Between 1988 and 1990, I worked withArche, an environmental network created in 1988 by East Germandissidents. During that time, the assistance provided by West Germans,émigré East Germans, and foreigners met with a level of distrustthat cannot entirely be blamed on secret police intrigue.Outsiders who tried to help faced a barrage of allegations and criticismof their work and motives. Dissidents who elected to remain inEast Germany distrusted those who emigrated, and vice versa,reflecting an unfortunate tendency, even among dissidents, to internalizeelements of East German propaganda. Yet neither the helpand support the East German opposition received from outside northe mentalities that stood in its way have been much discussed. Thisessay offers a description and analysis of the relationship betweenthe opposition and its outside supporters, based largely on one person’sfirst-hand experience.
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Boersma, PhD, Kees, and Erwin Engelman, MSc. "Organizing cross-border fire brigade response in the Dutch-German border region." Journal of Emergency Management 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2012.0086.
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This article addresses the opportunities and problems with cross-border collaboration between the Dutch and German fire brigades. The following are the main problems: 1) no uniformity in concluding and using the cross-border agreements for emergency assistance, 2) the language problem, 3) the material and equipment problem, 4) communication problems, and 5) differences in organizational autonomy. The following are the possible solutions for the aforementioned problems: 1) new routines by joint-training sessions, 2) bilingual information systems, 3) technical standardization of equipment, 4) standardization of communication, and 5) building trust on the basis of insights into each other’s routines.
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Caine, Julie, and Kabi Pokhrel. "Stories From the Field." Health Promotion Practice 12, no. 6_suppl_2 (November 2011): 199S—206S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839911419295.
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“Stories From the Field” is a series of short profiles of tobacco control programs and their leaders, showcasing promising technical assistance and training models in Louisiana, Puerto Rico, the Cherokee Nation, West Virginia, the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin Islands. The series illuminates key themes of collaboration with diverse stakeholders, elimination of health disparities, building tobacco control coalitions, engaging youth to reduce commercial tobacco use, sustaining tobacco control efforts, and the use of the media to raise public awareness that are highlighted in the Health Promotion Practice Supplement Theme Issue, Training and Technical Assistance: Lessons Learned to Sustain Social Norm Changes in Tobacco Control. Common tobacco control strategies bind the stories together. Local knowledge, coalition building, community involvement, innovative partnerships, and educational outreach are at the core of all of these tobacco control projects.
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Friedland, Elaine A. "The Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference and the West: Co-operation or Conflict?" Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 1985): 287–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00000185.
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The Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (S.A.D.C.C.) was established in 1979 to eliminate the economic dependence of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe upon the Republic of South Africa, and to create regional self-reliance –that is, economic development and regional co-operation. To attain these goals, S.A.D.C.C. seeks financial and technical assistance from all possible public and private sources, inculding international commercial banks and industrial corporations.
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Altepost, Andrea, Mario Löhrer, Nenja Ziesen, Marco Saggiomo, Niklas Strüver, Daniel Houben, and Yves-Simon Gloy. "Sociotechnical Systems in the Textile Industry." i-com 16, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2017-0020.
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AbstractThis article delineates the work of an interdisciplinary research group concerning the implementation of a digital assistance system in the German textile industry. Using a holistic approach, researchers from different disciplines contribute to the design of an integrated socio-technical method that guides industrial actors in developing and implementing digital assistance systems that are applicable on the shop-floor level and at the same time take into account various social and organizational demands. Following this approach, the development of new technologies is coordinated with innovative social practices, for example, learning techniques or organizational changes. Furthermore, aspired users of the assistance system participate in the project by contributing their expertise of the working progress as well as by defining requirements essential towards addressing the various challenges at hand. The conceptual outline and early findings of the project, including the development of a prototype of the assistance system, are presented in this article.
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Bruchhausen, Walter, and Iris Borowy. "Development Aid and Solidarity Work: East and West German Health Cooperation with Low-Income Countries, 1945 to 1970." Gesnerus 74, no. 2 (November 6, 2017): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07402002.
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Between 1949 and 1989, both the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in the West and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the East, engaged in health-related relations with low-income countries in the global South. The strong position of the churches in West Germany and the dominant position of the state in the East provided the preconditions for diverging international health activities, as did differences in ideology and economic status. Activities entailed similarities (an initial focus on clinical therapy and material donations) and differences (in scale, composition of actors and conceptualization). Programs evolved gradually, reacting to circumstances rather than a master plan. By the late 1960s, international health assistance was mainly organized as a component of “development aid” in the FRG, while regarded as “solidarity” in the GDR, in both cases designed to spur changes in recipient countries according to the respective Northern models as components of a perceived direct, global East-West confrontation.
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Mardiharini, Maesti, Chandra Indrawanto, and Eni Siti Rohaeni. "Performance evaluation of sustainable agricultural-techno park development in Cigombong, West Java." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 02058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130602058.
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One of the efforts to accelerate the flow of technological research results to users/farmers is through the development of Agricultural Techno Park (ATP). In this study, the performance evaluation of ATP development using cluster analysis was conducted by applying the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. The aims were to analyze the progress of ATP through clustering techniques and to formulate alternative strategy in the future. This study was conducted using a structured survey approach involving 76 farmers, April to June 2018, at the ATP Cigombong, West Java, Indonesia. The results of distance and similarity analysis showed that aspects of input and process had a closeness of satisfaction. Innovation assistance activities are not optimal, which should lead to becoming independent farmers. The future strategy has formulated context and product indicators in a participatory manner from the beginning, so that the target group understands and detects the progress. Farmers’ needs must be identified from the beginning of ATP development to strengthen self-reliance of supporting facilities. ATP needs to formulate a new method in planning of innovation assistance. It is also important to develop new training (such as motivational training, technical and managerial skills).
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Savitsky, I. M. "HELP OF THE WEST-SIBERIAN REARS TO THE POPULATION OF DISTRICTS EXEMPTED FROM THE GERMAN OCCUPATION IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." Territory Development, no. 3(17) (2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32324/2412-8945-2019-3-55-62.
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The article discusses the patriotic mood of workers and employees, Komsomol members and youth, all working people of West-Siberia manifested in helping residents and defenders of resisting Leningrad, as well as Stalingrad. As the areas of the USSR were liberated from Nazi occupation, aid was aimed at restoring industry, agriculture and other industries, in which workers, employees and collective farmers took an active part. It was established that the working people of the larger regions of Western Siberia took patronage over certain regions and cities freed from occupation. In particular, the Novosibirsk region patronized and provided multilateral assistance to the Voronezh region, and Novosibirsk to Voronezh. Omsk region provided patronage assistance to Donbass.
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Wyss, Marco. "The Challenge of Western Neutralism during the Cold War: Britain and the Buildup of a Nigerian Air Force." Journal of Cold War Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2018): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00817.
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In the wake of decolonization, Britain wanted to maintain its strategic interests in Nigeria and to keep the newly independent African country in the Western orbit. Having abrogated a defense agreement in reaction to Nigerian domestic opposition, the British government counted on military assistance to secure its postcolonial security role. The British thus hoped to gain responsibility for the buildup of a Nigerian air force, which the authorities in Lagos wished to establish for national prestige and protection against potential enemies such as Ghana. The Nigerians, however, first tried to secure the requisite assistance from Commonwealth countries other than Britain before opting for a West German air force mission. The Nigerian government aimed to reduce its dependence on Britain and thereby burnish its neutralist credentials. Yet London was challenged by a Western version of neutralism, similar to Western neutrality, because the Nigerians never attempted to approach the Soviet bloc about military assistance.
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Hager, Carol. "Green Politics, Expertise, and Democratic Discourse in the Two Germanies, 1989–2019." German Politics and Society 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2019.370402.
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Environmental movements became a major vehicle for promoting citizen participation in both East and West Germany during the 1980s. Their critiques of industrial society, however, reflected the different constellations of power in their respective countries. Movements in both East and West formed green parties, but their disparate understandings of power, expertise, and democracy complicated the parties’ efforts to coalesce during the unification process and to play a major role in German politics after unification. I propose that the persistence of this East-West divide helps explain the continuing discrepancy in the appeal of Alliance 90/The Greens in the old and new German federal states. Nevertheless, I also suggest that the Greens have accomplished their goal of opening technical issue areas—particularly energy—to political debate. This is currently working to enhance their image throughout Germany as champions of technological innovation and democratic openness in the face of climate inaction and right-wing populism.
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Weskott, Johannes B. D. "Unemployment Compensation and Wages: A Difference-in-Differences Approach to Assessing the Wage Effects of the German Hartz Reforms." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 240, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2018-0020.
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AbstractThis paper examines the influence of the level of unemployment assistance (Arbeitslosengeld II) on the wage level by exploiting a quasi-natural experiment formed by the German Hartz reforms in 2005. Estimations are based on data from the Socioeconomic Panel ranging from 2000 to 2007. As dependent variables both real monthly gross salary and real hourly gross wage are used. Firstly, following the approach taken by Arent and Nagl (2013, Unemployment Compensation and Wages: Evidence from the German Hartz Reforms. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 233 (4): 450–466), a before-after estimator is applied. Secondly, in contrast to the replication study by Ludsteck and Seth (2014, Comment on „Unemployment Compensation and Wages: Evidence from the German Hartz Reforms“ by Stefan Arent and Wolfgang Nagl. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 234 (5): 635–644) a control group is constructed and a difference-in-differences estimator (DiD) is used for further assessment. The results of the before-after estimation indicate a negative influence of the unemployment assistance reform on wages. However, the corresponding placebo regressions cast doubt on whether the estimated effect is a policy effect. The DiD approach shows that substantial time effects exist. This indicates that the before-after estimator is not suitable for assessing the policy effect. Applying the DiD estimator, a negative significant policy effect is only identified for men in West Germany.
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Oliver, M. D., and K. A. Gazal. "Modeling likelihood of farmer participation in the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Technical Assistance program in West Virginia." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 76, no. 3 (2021): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2021.00001.
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Wibberly, Kathy Hsu. "2015 Mid-Atlantic Telehealth Resource Center Annual Summit." International Journal of Telerehabilitation 6, no. 2 (January 29, 2015): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2014.6160.
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The Mid-Atlantic Resource Center (MATRC; http://www.matrc.org/) advances the adoption and utilization of telehealth within the MATRC region and works collaboratively with the other federally funded Telehealth Resource Centers to accomplish the same nationally. MATRC offers technical assistance and other resources within the following mid-Atlantic states: Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia.The 2015 MATRC Summit “Shaping the Future of Healthcare through Innovation and Technology” will be held March 29-March 31, 2015, at The Greenbrier, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. The Summit will explore how the partnership of human innovation and technological advancements is both shaping and transforming the future of healthcare.For further information and registration, visit: http://matrc.org/summit/index.html
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Mirgorod-Karpova, V. V. "ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF ACTIVITIES OF THE CONTROLLING BODIES ON THE USE OF INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDS." Legal horizons, no. 17 (2019): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i17.p:124.
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Discussions have been ongoing throughout the year in the Ukrainian and European scientific environment regarding the presentation of the economic assistance package of the West for Ukraine, the so-called "Marshall Plan", presented by the Lithuanian Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius in autumn 2017. According to him, Ukraine will receive 5 billion euros in investments into the national economy annually. This amount of assistance, calculated by European experts, will boost the Ukrainian economy by 6-8% each year. [1] But, unfortunately, we, like most Ukrainian citizens, are skeptical about the possibility of such assistance coming to our country, and even more pessimistic are the forecasts about the possible positive effect of its use. There are many reasons for such skepticism. On the one hand, it is the Ukrainian and European bureaucracy, and on the other, there is no effective mechanism for receiving, distributing and controlling the use of international assistance by Ukrainian state bodies. Therefore, according to most domestic experts, until these problems in the use of international assistance in Ukraine are solved, it is unlikely to be able to implement the initiative of former Lithuanian Prime Minister Andris Kubilius. Even Kubilius himself has repeatedly stated that in order for this plan to become a reality, Kyiv must develop a clear list of priority projects prepared at a high technical level, for which financial resourceswould go. [2] The first step, according to European and Ukrainian experts, was to create a special agency in Ukraine, which would be engaged in the preparation of such projects. Considering that almost nothing has been done by the Ukrainian Government in this direction for almost a year, so the time to receive financial assistance under the Marshall Plan is delayed. However, the absence of an agency is only the tip of the iceberg, the biggest problem for Ukraine is the lack of a clear administrative and legal mechanism for attracting, distributing and, most importantly, effective control over the use of international assistance. It is the results of the study of this problem that we devoted our article to. Despite the globalization processes in the world, external financial assistance is gradually gaining in popularity and becoming an effective tool for improving the welfare of the population and the economic development of developing countries or pursuing democratic reforms, Ukraine is falling behind in a number of subjective factors. . Investigating the emergence of the Institute for External Donor Assistance, it can be noted that this process became widespread in the 1960s and at the beginning of the 21st century, after the adoption by 193 member states of the United Nations and at least 23 international organizations of the Declaration. of the UN Millennium, it received a new impetus and began to pass under the auspices of the Millennium Development Goals. They envisaged the cooperation of countries with international financial institutions for the transformation of their economy, the introduction of the latest innovative technologies, changes in economic, political and social nature and as a result of improving the life of the population and overcoming poverty. [3] In this article, we draw attention to the fact that in modern international economic relations, there are two approaches to donor assistance, which were formulated by certain historical processes taking place in the world economy. The first approach is called by scientists as “integrative”. It is based on the implementation of strict standards, which are translated into the language of specific requirements and measures, which in its turn are laid down in the plan calendar of reforms. At the present stage, this approach is applied in the countries which are candidates for EU membership. It is always successful because the assistance implemented in the enlargement countries provides a strategic framework for the transformation processes, while enlargement countries are required to adopt EU institutional standards and develop the necessary infrastructures. The second form of international assistance is more like charity and it does not contribute to the donors’ long-term responsibility for results. Assistance is provided to poor developing and emerging countries, but this assistance is never successful. Keywords: international technical assistance, international financial assistance, state control.
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HENTILÄ, SEPPO. "Maintaining Neutrality between the Two German States: Finland and Divided Germany until 1973." Contemporary European History 15, no. 4 (October 6, 2006): 473–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096077730600350x.
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After the end of the Second World War, when Finland sought to redefine its position vis-à-vis Germany, negotiations were dogged by the fact that Finland had been a close ally of Hitler's Germany in 1941–4 in the war against the USSR. In April 1948 Finland signed a Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance (FCMA) with the USSR, in which the military articles were based on the need to counter a potential German attack on the Soviets via Finland's territory. Finland's international position was so difficult that it became the only country in the world that did not establish full diplomatic relations with either of the German states. It was also the only country in the world to pursue a policy of absolute neutrality vis-à-vis both Germanys. When the Finnish government offered to host the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) in May 1969, its main preoccupation was the German question, and it succeeded in fending off Soviet pressure to recognise the GDR. In 1973, with West German Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt's Neue Ostpolitik easing tensions with regard to the German question, Finland was able to establish full diplomatic relations with both German states simultaneously.
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Capotescu, Cristian. "Continuing Politics by Other Means: Giving in Cold War Europe." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 6, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.541.
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This article unearths the little-known history of charitable giving in Cold War Europe. The first case explores supply conduits forged in the German Romanian community of West Germany and Romania. Starting in the late 1960s, Western community members became involved in supporting those left behind in Romania through care packages and tourist visits. As the political leadership under Nicolae Ceaușescu adopted drastic austerity measures in the early 1980s, the second case shows how East German volunteer groups organized aid to Romania from within the socialist bloc. The discussion concludes that the provisioning relationships uncovered in both examples integrated the world of materials into daily aspirations of ‘governing precarious lives’ to a new repertoire for public action that did not remain external to politics but rather reformulated what was at stake in politics through immediate, direct acts of assistance.
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Forsberg, Tuomas. "Economic Incentives, Ideas, and the End of the Cold War: Gorbachev and German Unification." Journal of Cold War Studies 7, no. 2 (April 2005): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1520397053630556.
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Focusing on Gorbachev and German unification, this article shows how the effectiveness of economic aid depends on ideas decision-makers hold about economics and identity. German economic statecraft worked in securing Gorbachev's support for German unification solely because of a specific set of ideas that animated Soviet decision-makers during that period. The weakness of the Soviet economy made economic assistance from Germany attractive, but Gorbachev did not bargain hard over the amount of aid because he thought it would ruin an anticipated close partnership with Germany in the future. The importance of the German economic incentives lay in their role as trust-building measures. In contrast, Japan's effort to use economic aid to persuade Soviet leaders to return the Kurile Islands during the same period failed, in part because Soviet leaders did not expect a friendly relationship with Japan. For cultural and political reasons, Soviet leaders were more oriented toward Germany and the West. The fact that Soviet leaders did not seek aid or technology from Japan a technology powerhouse and turned instead to Germany, shows that material pressures alone cannot account for the success or failure of economic incentives.
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KORDIĆ, Ljubica, and Borislav MARUŠIĆ. "FUNKTIONSVERBGEFÜGE (FVG) ALS MERKMAL DER DEUTSCHEN RECHTSUND VERWALTUNGSSPRACHE." Comparative Legilinguistics 29 (March 15, 2017): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.2017.29.01.
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Back in the 18thcentury, structures with phrasal verbs (FVG) were determined as a featureof German technical language. These constructs are still present in the language of law. Although the administrative language is considered a part of the legal language, there are discursive differences between specific(sub)languages in the field of law. One can speak of the discourses of justice, of criminal law, of international law, etc. It is the language of administrative law that citizens as lay people are most often confronted with, and it is often criticized as "a bureaucracy language", or "the paper style". The aim of this paper is to examine the structures with phrasal verbs frequently occurring in the language of German administrative law and compare them with those in German criminal procedure law. First partofthecorpusisbuiltbyphrasalverbstructuresexcerptedfromfollowing German laws: Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz, Verwaltungsvollstreckungsgesetz, Verwaltungskostengesetz. In order to explore potential discursive differences between specific languages in the field of law, the collected examples are compared with the most frequent phrasal verb structures of the German criminal procedure law. For that purpose, the Criminal Procedure Code (StPO) of 1987 (last amended in 2015) is used as the second part of the researched corpus. In the concluding part of the paper, the authors draw conclusions based on the analysis carried out. The results of this study can be of assistance to law students in mastering German legal terminology, to all linguists dealing with German language of law and especially to all translators and interpreters from the German and into the German language.
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Leijten, Ingrid. "The German Right to anExistenzminimum, Human Dignity, and the Possibility of Minimum Core Socioeconomic Rights Protection." German Law Journal 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200019416.
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Due to the financial crisis, European states are struggling to make both ends meet and comply with budgetary requirements, This results in cutting pensions and the public wage bill, as well as in phasing out subsidies and other forms of assistance, Although welfare state arrangements have become more limited in the past several decades, especially now, in these times of austerity, it is worth asking how far states can go in limiting social welfare programs, On the one hand, it can be said that there need to be fundamental rights-based limits to the legitimate phasing out or cutting down of existing arrangements to ensure that a minimum level of social arrangements is at all times guaranteed. On the other hand, it is hard to curtail the legislature's freedom by setting such limits, as the political sensitivity, technical aspects, and budgetary implications of social measures seemingly do not allow for too much fundamental rights rhetoric.
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Barinov, Igor. "The Failed Alliance: The Baltic Germans and the Belorusian Nationalists, 1914-1941." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2019): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2019.1-2.1.06.
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Since the beginning of the occupation of the Russian territory during the First World War, the “discovering” of the Belarusians became a current task of the German authorities. The Baltic Germans, who traditionally considered themselves as elite for the local non-Russian and non-Polish communities, offered their assistance to the occupation forces. As experts, they strove to provide some kind of mediation to ensure the positive encounter of German authorities in the interaction with local communities. Nonetheless, this activity initially sought to preserve the higher status of Baltic Germans rather than to raise a similar one among Belarusians. After the end of the First World War, some politicians and intellectuals of Baltic German origin joined the National Socialist movement and tried to apply the old models to revive the old style of life on the north-west borders of the former Russian Empire. These ideological concepts became known as a “moderate” line of the Eastern policy of the Reich, opposed by the “radical” one formed by the very nature of the Nazi state. Pretending to be the ideologues of the German policy towards Belarus and the Belarusians, the Russian Germans did not understand the fact that the Belarusian nationalists, on the contrary, develop their agenda within the “radical line”.
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Ganin, M. A. "SOVIET-GERMAN COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF HYDRO-TURBINE ENGINEERING IN THE 1920s." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2021-3-2-63-71.
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In December 1920, the GOELRO plan was adopted: a long-term plan for the electrification of the country, which was supposed to form the necessary prerequisites for the industrial development of the young Soviet state. The development of hydropower played an important role in this, however, without the necessary technologies and experience in building large hydro turbines, the Soviet state would have been forced to acquire them abroad, and thus inevitably fell into dependence on the advanced Western countries. In this regard, it was decided to develop Soviet own hydro-turbine-building enterprises (one of the key ones among which was the Leningrad Metal Plant), attracting foreign assistance whenever it was possible. Cooperation was started with the German company «Fritz Neumeyer», which was ready not only to supply finished products, but also to carry out technical cooperation. This article contains an attempt to consider the prerequisites for cooperation of the Leningrad Metal Plant with the company «Fritz Neumeyer», to determine the key areas of the transfer of technologies of hydro-turbine engineering between Leningrad Metal Plant and the «Fritz Neumeyer» at various stages, and to assess the impact of this cooperation on the establishment and development of national hydro-turbine development.
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Natalia, Tri Putri. "Audit Mutu Hukum Pengaturan dan Penerapan Pertanggungjawaban Sosial Bank Melalui Program One Village One Company (OVOC) terhadap Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) di Jawa Barat." Wajah Hukum 4, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v4i1.129.
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West Java Provincial Government seeks to help the independence of the village in order to improve the economy of rural communities by launching the OVOC program. The legal basis for the OVOC program is summarized in a joint agreement formed between the West Java Provincial Government and the BJB Bank. This writing will examine the responsibilities of the West Java Provincial Government as a stakeholder in the implementation of the OVOC program. The next legal issue is the social responsibility of banking institutions through the OVOC program in terms of the mutual agreement that has been formed. There are some gaps between the contents of the joint agreement with the reality that is happening on the ground, one of which is funds that are still stalled in the West Java Provincial Government for BUMDes in West Java. The results of this paper indicate that a legal quality audit of a joint agreement regarding the OVOC program must be carried out bearing in mind there are 7 (seven) quality criteria that must be considered for the interests of the parties involved in it. In its relationship with banking institutions, banking institutions should contribute to the implementation of capacity building, technical assistance, and utilization of banking service facilities as a form of social responsibility for the OVOC program.
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Oliver, M. D., and M. P. Strager. "A spatial analysis of high and low farmer participation in the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Technical Assistance program in West Virginia." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 76, no. 2 (2021): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2021.00005.
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Bakker, Steven, Gerben Lent, and Annemarie de Knecht-van Eekelen. "East Meets West in Assessment Development: Western Technical Assistance to Eastern Needs. Part II: Project and Team Management in the AERo Project in Romania." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 20, no. 2 (October 25, 2005): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.2001.tb00061.x.
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Hendriks, Eefje, and Aaron Opdyke. "Knowledge adoption in post-disaster housing self-recovery." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (July 6, 2020): 849–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2020-0025.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore communication of hazard-resistant construction techniques after disaster in the absence of outside influence. It further aims to unpack the barriers and drivers in the adoption of knowledge processes to identify strategic recommendations to enlarge adoption of safer construction practices by local construction actors.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on an analysis of stakeholders’ perspectives during post-disaster reconstruction in the Philippines in the province of Busuanga after Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Data were collected from six communities that received no external housing assistance, analyzing surveys from 220 households, 13 carpenters, 20 key actors coordinating reconstruction or recovery efforts, as well as 12 focus group discussions.FindingsThis research argues for a stronger role of governmental agencies, vocational training schools and engineers. Current communication of typhoon-resistant construction knowledge is ineffective to stimulate awareness, understanding and adoption by local construction actors and self-recovering households.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis in this study focuses on a small sample of communities in the west of the Philippines that are not frequently affected by typhoons.Originality/valueThis is one of the few scholarly works in the Philippines focused on adoption of safer construction practices by community-based construction actors when technical housing assistance is absent.
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Bharucha, Rustom. "Kroetz's ‘Request Concert’ in India, Part Two: Bombay." New Theatre Quarterly 3, no. 12 (November 1987): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00002517.
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In the first of this series of three articles, published in NTQ 11, the director Rustom Bharucha – born in India. but living and working mainly in New York – described how he initially became intrigued by the idea of transposing Franz Xaver Kroetz's play without words, Request Concert, concerning the last evening in the life of a very ordinary German woman, into a variety of Asian contexts. His ambition was first realized – in collaboration with fellow-director Manuel Lutgenhorst, and with valued assistance from the International School of Theatre Anthropology – in a production mounted in Calcutta, with the actress Joya Sen. The following account of the second production, in Bombay, illuminates both the varieties of Indian urban life and the varieties of theatrical experience, with fascinating insights into the nature of Bombay's competitive, media-saturated society, and the perceptions of the actress Sulabha Deshpande concerning her role and its technical requirements – and how both shed new light on this play and on the nature of theatricality.
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Pavlica, Branko. "Migrations from Yugoslavia to Germany: Migrants, emigrants, refugees and asylum-seekers." Medjunarodni problemi 57, no. 1-2 (2005): 121–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0502121p.
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Migrations from Yugoslavia to Germany have a long tradition. There have been various economic and social causes, and in some periods even political ones for that phenomenon. Taking into consideration the historical aspect and also the contemporary migration flows, the dynamics of migrations of the Yugoslav population to Germany has the following stages in its development. The first stage had begun in late XIX century and ended with the World War I. Although the overseas migration flows prevailed, yet the German agriculture and its mine industry attracted a part of the Yugoslav population. Between the two world wars mostly "Westfahl Slovenes" and Croats and Serbs from Bosnia-Herzegovina got "temporary employed" in the Rhine-Westfahl industrial area, along with several thousand Serb-Croat-Slovene agricultural seasonal workers per year. The second stage began immediately after the Second World War when most of about 200,000 citizens from the former Yugoslavia, being mostly refugees, moved from the West European to overseas countries, but some of them stayed in Germany. Involuntary migrants and refugees, however, returned in great number from Germany to Yugoslavia. At that stage non-extradition of war criminals on the part of the West occupying powers on German territory, then disregard of West German Governments of the anti-Yugoslav activities of the part of extreme Yugoslav emigration, and different interpretation of the bilateral agreement on extradition, became the essential problem in relations between SFR Yugoslavia and FR Germany. The third stage in development of migrations commenced in early 1960s. At that time, Germany and other Western countries became prominently immigrational, while since mid-1960s till 1973 economic emigrants from Yugoslavia became more and more important in the German economic space. From 1954 to 1967 migration of Yugoslav citizens had not yet been intensive and their intention was mostly to work abroad. Illegal employment was, however, prominent at that time. Due to the normalisation of political relations, re-establishment of diplomatic relations and conclusion of bilateral agreements that legally defined employment of foreign workers, since 1968 till 1973 a great number of Yugoslavs got employed in FR Germany. The contemporary migrations from FR Yugoslavia to Germany resulted from the economic and political crisis in the former SFRY as well as from the civil wars that were waged in the Yugoslav territory. FR Germany became the most important destination country of Yugoslav migrants - workers, refugees, false asylum-seekers and political emigrants. Different categories of migrants from Yugoslavia to Germany enjoy the treatment that is in accordance with the immigration policies of the German governments as well as with the degree of development of the German-Yugoslav political and economic relations, and the degree of the established co-operation in the field of legal assistance and social welfare. Migrant workers, who have legally regulated their employment and residence status, could in the future expect to gain assistance from their mother country in getting efficient protection of their rights and interests in all stages of the migration process. Numerous migrants asylum-seekers, in spite of the proclaimed international protection, share, however, the fate resulting from the politically motivated measures and actions taken by the German authorities within the arbitrary decision-making of the right and/or abuse of the right to asylum. This is the reason why as early as in late 1994 the Government of FRG announced that it would expel foreigners from the country. The remaining refugees, or actually the so-called false asylum-seekers in FR Germany, share the fate of forced repatriation. Within this category special emphasis should be placed on the attitude of the German government to the Albanians and Roma from Kosovo. At first, the Germans treated the Albanians from Kosovo as politically persecuted persons, offering them refuge. Then they declared them (and Roma also) to be false asylum-seekers and insisted on readmission - their gradual repatriation to Kosovo. Considering both positive and negative implications of the migration process, the key issue for the citizens from Serbia and Montenegro who live in Germany remains the following: maintenance of their national identity, cherishing of their mother tongue and culture, keeping up relations with their mother country, social gathering - in various associations, clubs and organisations, education in their mother tongue, what particularly includes comprehensive additional teaching for children in Serbian, as well as better information dissemination.
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Bondarev, Vitaly. "Foreign Policy Aspects of the Soviet Famine of 1932–1933." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640016180-6.
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The article examines one of the least studied aspects of the Soviet famine of 1932–33, namely the reaction of the international community and foreign governments to this tragedy. Facts are presented that prove that the Stalinist regime failed to conceal information about the famine in the collectivized village and prevent the outrage that broke out in the West over the mass death of Soviet citizens. The authors note that the negative reaction from the international community came in the form of both coverage of the plight of farmers in the press, and the organization of material assistance to those of them who were “blood brothers” and had relatives abroad. It was found that one of the results of the tragic events of 1932–1933 was the deterioration of the foreign policy positions of the USSR and the complication of its relations with Nazi Germany. The article’s main focus is on the characteristics of the situation and attitudes of the Soviet Germans, who were the largest Diaspora in the territory of the RSFSR. They were a kind of hostage to the complex dynamics of Soviet-German relations in 1933. The study is based on archival materials not previously introduced into scholarly circulation, in particular, letters from German citizens about food and monetary assistance addressed to their compatriots abroad. An important result of the research is the disclosure of the propaganda campaign “Response to fascist slanderers”, which not only created a favourable information background for the Stalinist leadership but also allowed to appeal to the opinion of Soviet Germans in the confrontation with the foreign public. The authors believe that the direct consequence of foreign policy complications caused by the famine of 1932–1933 was the strengthening of the Soviet government's distrust of the Soviet Germans, which affected their fate in the future.
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Fritsch, Kathrin. "“You Have Everything Confused and Mixed Up…!” Georg Schweinfurth, Knowledge and Cartography of Africa in the 19th Century." History in Africa 36 (2009): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0008.
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Petermanns Geographische Mittheilungen, the leading German geographical journal of the nineteenth century, is of fundamental significance for the early scholarly study of Africa. It printed numerous accounts by practically all of the important explorers of the time, in particular under the aegis of the geographer August Petermann. Of particular significance are the cartographic supplements to the articles published in the journal. These maps showed for the first time hitherto unknown areas of Africa. Although the data for these maps were often collected in the field under difficult conditions by European travellers, and drawn up in Gotha with the assistance of numerous specialists (astronomers, geologists, cartographers, lithographers, graphic artists), their creation would have been impossible without the cooperation of Africans. That is to say, these maps, a medium seen as a most exact expression of scientific and technical progress, could not have been produced without the assistance of so-called “natives” or “savages.” This aspect of cartographic production, to which little attention has been paid so far, is the subject of a research project at the Institute for Regional Geography in Leipzig initiated in May 2009. In the course of this project, a range of German-language travelers' accounts will be studied, giving special attention to the role of indigenous informants and in combination with archival materials. This paper is based on the example of the German African explorer Georg Schweinfurth.In September 1863, the as yet unknown botanist Georg Schweinfurth announced the start of his African projects in a “call to botanists” in Petermanns Geographische Mittheilungen, describing his planned “expedition over several years to Egypt, Nubia and the countries of the Upper Nile, devoted solely to botanical purposes.” Although Schweinfurth did not publish solely in the Geographische Mittheilungen in the following years, he remained in close contact with Petermann, especially with regard to new geographical discoveries. Unlike other travelers, Schweinfurth often visited areas barely known to geographers, where he compared existing maps most carefully with his own observations. In this way he was able to correct many inaccuracies and improve European cartographic knowledge of these regions. A total of six maps by Schweinfurth appeared in the Geographische Mittheilungen between 1865 and 1877.
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Renwick, Shamin, Marsha Winter, and Michelle Gill. "Managing research data at an academic library in a developing country." IFLA Journal 43, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0340035216688703.
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Managing research data has become an issue for many universities. In the Caribbean, the St Augustine Campus Libraries at the University of the West Indies are keenly aware of the need to support researchers in this regard. The objectives of this study were to identify current practices in managing research data on the campus and to determine a possible role for the Campus Libraries. A pilot study of 100 researchers on the campus was conducted. Analysis of the 65 valid responses revealed that while researchers owned data sets they had little knowledge or experience in managing such. This low level of awareness is instructive and validates a role for the Campus Libraries to play in supporting researchers on campus. The Campus Libraries need to sensitize researchers about what data planning and managing research data entail as well as provide technical assistance with actual data storage.
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Wahab, Bolanle, and Bayonle Ola. "Effects of Seasonal Variation on Informal Waste Collection in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria." Environment and Pollution 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ep.v7n1p36.
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Despite the active participation of informal waste collectors (IWCs) in waste management in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria, a major observed challenge to effective operation of this group of workers is the variation in the seasons of the year and their accompanying weather futures. This study investigated the effects of seasonal changes on the types and volume of waste handled by the informal waste collectors, level of patronage and income earned in the five municipal local government areas of Ibadan. A cross-sectional survey approach was adopted and both primary and secondary data were sourced. Through questionnaire survey and field observations, data were collected from 253 informal waste collectors operating in the study area. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used in analysing the data obtained from the field work. The study established that the types and volume of waste collected and income earned by the informal waste collectors varied from season to season. Patronage of the informal waste collectors was found to be reduced by about 25% in the dry season owing to less volume of waste generated and increased burning. The low patronage reduced the income by about 25% on average. The implications of this are that the job security of IWCs is threatened and increased burning of waste increases the atmospheric carbon content, which depletes the ozone layer and consequently results in global warming. The study, therefore, recommended financial and technical assistance to the waste collectors by either government or non-governmental organisations to establish small waste merchandising business to cater for the period of low patronage.
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Ahozonlin, Maurice Cossi, Ivan Bossima Koura, and Luc Hippolyte Dossa. "Determinants of Crossbreeding Practices by Cattle Farmers in South Benin, West Africa: Implications for the Sustainable Use of the Indigenous Lagune Cattle Population." Sustainable Agriculture Research 8, no. 2 (April 13, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v8n2p101.
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While it is widely acknowledged that the small-sized West African Shorthorn taurine Lagune cattle is being increasingly crossbred with and replaced by large-sized zebus, little is known about the factors that influence farmers’ crossbreeding decisions and selection practices. But this information is necessary for the development of strategies towards a rationale use and conservation of this unique African genetic resource. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted, between September and November 2016, a questionnaire survey in the belt of this breed in South Benin. One hundred seventy-three cattle farms were surveyed. The binomial logistic regression approach was used to predict the likelihood of a Lagune cattle farmer to be willing to introduce zebus in his herd. The herds were composed of either Lagune only (82.1%), zebu only (4.0%), crossbred Lagune x zebu (1.2%), Lagune and zebu (9.2%) or Lagune and crossbred Lagune x zebu (3.5%). The low productivity of the Lagune cattle and the market demand for large-sized animals were the main farmers’ motivations for crossbreeding. Farmers raising large herds of Lagune cattle under control mating system were more likely to adopt crossbreeding. The risk of dilution of the Lagune breed could be reduced by increasing awareness among farmers, improving their technical skills in herd management and empowering them to develop legal institutions, by-laws and collective actions for sustainable breed management. Farmers who have already adopted crossbreeding should be provided with appropriate services and technical assistance, whereas breed conservation initiatives should mainly focus on small purebred herds kept under control mating.
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Rothenberger, Dieter, Marina Meuss, and Uwe Stoll. "Micro–macro linkages in institutional restructuring processes in the water sector: example of the operations management support project (OMS) in Jordan." Water Policy 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.044.
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The German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) has supported the Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ) since 1994 by the provision of assistance aimed at increasing the efficiency of the potable water supply and wastewater disposal services under the Operations Management Support (OMS) project. Using OMS as an example, this article shows the links of the change processes at the utility and the sector level (micro–macro linkages) for the introduction of institutional changes within the Jordanian water sector. The support of OMS followed co-evolutionary thinking, that is, it supported the dynamics coming from the utility level and affecting the sector level as well as the feedback loops from sector level to utility level. On the utility level, OMS activities and the induced improvements are a technical base for wider reform processes. They facilitated the implementation of private sector participation, PSP, with better quality base data. The information systems which were introduced by the project also indicated the importance of structural changes on the sector level and the urgency of these reforms. And finally, the involvement of OMS staff on the utility level made them credible when offering advice about the sector level. Hence, the parallel support of activities on both levels provided a deeper awareness of the reform issues and contributed to the success of the sector reforms.
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Ilham, Refani, Yulianto Yulianto, and Rahayu Sulistyowati. "Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Tentang Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Daerah (BOSDA) Bagi Siswa yang Kurang Mampu Studi pada SMA Negeri 16 Bandar Lampung." Administrativa: Jurnal Birokrasi, Kebijakan dan Pelayanan Publik 3, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/administrativa.v3i2.74.
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BOSDA is a program of lampung provincial government in the form of direct funding to the Secondary Education Unit both public and private in the city of Bandar Lampung where the amount of grants received in schools is calculated based on the number of students unable to each school and the unit cost (Unit Cost) assistance. According to Lampung Governor Regulation Number 29 Year 2017 concerning Technical Guidelines for Operational Assistance of Lampung Provincial Schools in 2017. Schools that received Bosda Assistance in Lampung Province are Bandar Lampung City, West Lampung Regency, North Lampung Regency and Way Kanan Regency. Researchers want to find out the implementation of BOSDA policy in SMA Negeri 16 Bandar Lampung, because in the pre-survey stage there is some disagreement between the residence and the income of parents of BOSDA recipient students. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of BOSDA policy and to know the factors that hinder BOSDA in SMA Negeri 16 Bandar Lampung. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques derived from observation, documentation and based on the results of in-depth interviews. The results of this study were described using Charles O. jones toeri namely 1). The organization has an organizational structure issued in accordance with the Decree of the Provincial Education Office ranging from supervisors, persons in charge, chief executives, secretaries, treasurers and survey teams, 2) Inteprertasi the school conducts socialization of the implementation of BOSDA with the announcement and dissemination of information to the community directly, so that the implementation and implementation of BOSDA can be heard by the community directly, 3) Application that the implementation of BOSDA in accordance with technical guidelines and verify prospective BOSDA students with home surveys , facilities owned, parental work, ownership of KIP cards, as well as information from neighbors around the house, BOSDA funds expenditure is also issued according to the RKS submitted to the Provincial Education Office. Bosda implementation is in response by students is very good but needs to be added again quota while the inhibition factor is the disbursement of funds at the end of the semester makes the school have to find loan funds to finance students BOSDA
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Smith, Wendy. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 7, No. 4." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 7, no. 4 (June 28, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v7n4p115.
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International Journal of Statistics and Probability wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Statistics and Probability publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 4Afsin Sahin, Gazi University, TurkeyCarla J. Thompson, University of West Florida, USAEncarnación Alvarez-Verdejo, University of Granada, SpainFelix Almendra-Arao, UPIITA del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, MéxicoHui Zhang, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, USALuiz Ricardo Nakamura, University of Sao Paulo, BrazilMohieddine Rahmouni, University of Tunis, TunisiaPhilip Westgate, University of Kentucky, USASajid Ali, Quaid-i-Azam University, PakistanSohair F. Higazi, University of Tanta, EgyptVilda Purutcuoglu, Middle East Technical University (METU), TurkeyVyacheslav Abramov, Swinburne University of Technology, AustraliaWei Zhang, The George Washington University, USAWojciech Gamrot, University of Economics, Poland Wendy SmithOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Statistics and ProbabilityCanadian Center of Science and Education
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Abdul Muhyi, Herwan, and Iwan Sukoco. "The competence of managers in growing the business of cooperatives in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province Indonesia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.10 (April 2, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10951.
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The aim of this research was to find information relating to managers competencies of cooperatives in Pangandaran Regency and to compare the condition to the theory proposed by Spencer and Spencer (1993) to discover the extent of managers competencies of cooperatives in Pangandaran Regency. This research applied the qualitative method with the researcher as the instrument of research. Data were obtained from informants selected according to the need and purpose of the research or in another case it is called purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through observation, literature review, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion and subsequently data was analyzed by making reduction, presentation, conclusion, and verification. The research result indicated that regarding competencies the majority of managers of cooperatives in Pangandaran Regency have not yet been skillful in handling managerial aspects and techniques for managing cooperatives. It attracted the attention of the local government to participate in enhancing human resources of cooperatives; hence the government provided training assistance which has been conducted several times since the establishment of cooperatives in Pangandaran Regency. However, the enhancement of human resources competencies has not yet showed a significant result. The explanation above provides a conclusion that up to now managers competencies of cooperatives in Pangandaran Regency still need enhancement through training and provisioning of managerial and technical aspects.
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Figus, Alessandro, Andrea Pisaniello, and Stefano Mustica. "Multiculturalism and Ostalgie." Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gssfj-2018-0002.
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Abstract “Ostalgie” is coming from a German word referring to nostalgia for aspects of life in East Germany, and not only. It is a new multipurpose and new expression related the German terms “Nostalgie” (nostalgia in Italian) and Ost (East). Its anglicised equivalent, ostalgia, it is rhyming with “nostalgia” and it is also sometimes used. The collapse of Soviet Union and the Berlin Wall destruction, was the concept protected concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from ‘61 to ’89, It especially divided West and East European countries, the wall cut off West Berlin from almost all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Formally its demolition began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992 and coincides in some generation from the Warsaw Pact countries, legally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation with the “Mutual Assistance” URSS of the birth of “ostalgie”, that it goes against with modern principle of multicultural society and globalisation of the world. At the eighth congress of the communist party Lenin recognized the right to self-determination of the populations of the empire and promised them significant concessions, although its final intent was to reach the true dictatorship of the proletariat which would have rendered the ethnic-national distinctions useless. The Soviet Union became the incubator of new nations with the dissolving of the Russian nation in the Soviet state. Does the “ostalgie” refer to the USSR, is this compatible with multiculturalism? Is it compatible with that plurality of tending different cultures that coexists in mutual respect and which implies the preservation of their specific traits by rejecting any type of homologation or fusion in the dominant culture?
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Fagoe, Thomas E. "Coast Guard Response to the Volgoneft 263 Oil Spill." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-279.
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ABSTRACT On the morning of May 14, 1990, a collision occurred between the Soviet tanker Volgonef 1263 and the West German dry cargo ship Betty off the south coast of Sweden. One Coast Guard air surveillance aircraft and one oil spill recovery ship arrived at the site less than two hours after the collision. The Coast Guard considered the threat to the marine environment to be serious and therefore ordered not only the most effective Swedish oil spill recovery resources to the place, but also requested assistance from U.S.S.R., F.R.G., Denmark, and Finland. After less than 48 hours, 26 Coast Guard, Naval, and foreign ships were fighting the spill. The operation lasted for 13 days and practically all the oil was recovered before it reached shore. The operation showed that using modern oil spill recovery equipment it is possible to recover practically all the oil at sea and also showed that international cooperation can be quick and efficient, if, as in this case, an agreement of cooperation has already been reached.
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Grözinger, Karl E. "Synagogenordnungen als Zeichen und Instrumente für eine Neudefinition jüdischer Identität im Mähren des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts." Aschkenas 30, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asch-2020-0004.
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AbstractTakkanot have been an important instrument for the unification of Ashkenazi culture since the Middle Ages. They spread from the Rhineland to the East, to Poland, Bohemia and Moravia. They regulated all areas of Jewish life. Whereas the addressees of the Takkanot were the Jewish communities, the new Synagogenordnungen (Statutes for the Synagogue), developed first in the West and soon followed by Moravia in the East, were directed primarily at the Christian authorities. This change began as early as the mid-18th century when the Austrian empress Maria Theresia asked for a translation of older Takkanot in order to formulate new legal standards for the Jewish life in her lands. The translation of these Jewish regulations into German, brought with it, nolens volens, a Christianization of Jewish technical terms used in their institutions. Soon, the Jewish Neologists and reformers welcomed these translations as useful for their own aspirations to transform Judaism. This was the case in both the West and the East. Among them was Samson Raphael Hirsch, the later leader of the Neo-Orthodox community in Frankfurt am Main and Chief Rabbi of Moravia in Nikolsburg.