Academic literature on the topic 'Technical Communication|Information Science|Computer Science'

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Journal articles on the topic "Technical Communication|Information Science|Computer Science"

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Shirk, Henrietta Nickels. "Technical Writing's Roots in Computer Science: The Evolution from Technician to Technical Writer." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 18, no. 4 (October 1988): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l65t-6lj1-pvkr-t6nl.

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The history of Technical Writing closely parallels trends in the discipline of Computer Science. The early technical writers in the computer software industry were its own technicians (programmers and analysts), who used a variety of diagramming techniques to document computer systems. As a result of the widespread availability of computers and software which began in the 1970s, professional communicators joined the software industry and reinterpreted these diagramming techniques from technical source documents into user documentation. The impact of this assimilation process has influenced graphic representations in Technical Writing, as well as created the conceptual metaphors of the “user” and the “module” (which are emerging archetypes). In the past, Technical Writing's historical roots have been the result of reactions to Computer Science. However, the increasing presence of online documentation is now creating opportunities for technical writers to shape their own future by joining with computer scientists as influential equals.
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Gruzova, A. A. "Overcoming Information Barriers during Technical Communication." Scientific and Technical Information Processing 46, no. 2 (April 2019): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0147688219020102.

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Serafin, Cestmir. "Information Science in Technical Education Process in Czech Republic." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 9, no. 5 (November 22, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v9i5.11142.

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Information and Communication Technologies are one of the basic educa-tions of areas in the Framework Educational Programme for Basic Education to enable students to acquire a basic level of information literacy. The aim is to equip students with elementary skills in operating of computer equipment and modern information and communication technologies, but also to navi-gate in the world of information, creatively work with information and use them in further education and in practical life. The paper deals with the analysis of the situation and draws conclusions on the system of education in the Czech Republic in the context of the chal-lenges of INDUSTRY 4.0 in response to the capture, the robotics industry and services.
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Gazizov, Andrey, Evgeny Gazizov, Svetlana Gazizova, and Vera Petrova. "Analysis of current problem state in teaching of Computer science and information and communication technologies to higher education students." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312005.

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The article shows different aspects of teaching the subject «Computer science» to the pedagogues-psychologists students according to education standard of Russian Federation. The analysis of teaching the subject to students of technical and humanities universities is carried out. Also the article lists number of skills that students of humanities should get as the result of «Computer science» learning.
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Roy, Debopriyo, and Banri Yasui. "Importance of Technical and Professional Writing Certificate Program in a Japanese Computer Science Context." SHS Web of Conferences 102 (2021): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110202008.

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Technical communication (TC) as a subject, and more so a department in the university curriculum are few and far between in the Japanese educational context, even with STEM education. As part of this paper, an exploratory pilot study is described explaining the overall importance of such a TC certificate program and how an optional TC feeder course could help students understand the value of the TC and professional communication (PC) discipline for a typical Japanese computer science academic context, in preparation for the job market. Further, such a TC-focused introductory feeder course helps the university administration, students and teachers better understand how computer science as a discipline should also emphasize on technical and professional writing and communication skills in the language curriculum, for better project management, and helping students develop soft skills for the market. Further, another strong argument for such coursework (offered in English as a medium of instruction) is also related to developing students’ entrepreneurial and transition skills for the market. This paper highlighted on one such rare certificate program and feeder course in the computer science (CS) department of a Japanese technical university which helped students understand the scope of the market, how technical communication as a discipline has wide-ranging opportunities, besides helping students develop basic understanding of content areas such as manual and information design, usability, content management and delivery, technical language, visualisation etc. Finally, the paper ends with a discussion of a few of the well-known TC certificate programs and TC organizational infrastructure in the US academia, and how we can catch up with that trend in Japanese higher education.
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Editorial office, TATuP. "Konferenz "Computer Science, Communication and Society: A Technical and Cultural Challange"." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 2, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.2.1.25.

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Etlinger, Henry A. "A framework in which to teach (technical) communication to computer science majors." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 38, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1124706.1121380.

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Editorial office, TATuP. "Konferenzband zur Tagung: Computer Science, Communication and Society: A Technical and Cultural Challange." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 2, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.2.4.37.

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Ustinova, Irina G., Olga V. Rozhkova, and Natalia S. Nikolaeva. "Using Screencasts in Computer Science Classes at a Technical University." ITM Web of Conferences 35 (2020): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203503018.

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The information technologies applications in various fields of human activity are developing exponentially now. The article considers possibility of using screencasting in a computer science course at a technical university. Screencast is a video that contains a record of actions performed on a computer with the author’s comments. The advantages and disadvantages of this technology in the learning process are considered. It is noted that the technology of on-screen video is distinguished by information richness and strong emotional effect on the student. The application of screencasting in computer science classes at the Tomsk Polytechnic University using the mathematical package MathCad, which has the means to solve all kinds of problems associated with symbolic operations, is presented. The motivation for this study is to increase the student learning process effectiveness. Therefore, the objectives of the study are: to study the possibility of screencasting in the student learning process organization, to study the possibility of using this technology during studying a computer science course, to find out how effectively this method allows to master knowledge in the relevant discipline. The results of study using this technology and the traditional method are analyzed. It is shown that the use of screencasting allows to improve the test results in comparison with the group trained by the traditional method.
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Wang, Yue. "On the Application of Digital Video Watermarking Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 2196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2196.

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Digital watermarkingtechnology as an emerging interdisciplinary application of technology is animportant branch of information hiding science . It combines differenttheoretical and technical disciplines , such as information theory,communication theory , signal processing, random probability theory , codingtheory , optimization theory , fuzzy theory, detection theory , matrixanalysis, pattern recognition , cryptography , computer science and networktechnology, algorithm design , etc., but also including legal and other issues. Digital watermarking of multimedia information security field as the currenthot technology , has received international academic community and the businesscommunity 's attention [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Technical Communication|Information Science|Computer Science"

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Strickland, Vhondy. "A correlational study on the absence of incentives to share knowledge in a virtual community." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3627190.

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Extrinsic motivation may affect knowledge sharing in a virtual community. As virtual communities have become ubiquitous, understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities has become very important. Knowledge sharing is one of the factors that allow virtual communities to be viable. This study sought to observe knowledge sharing in a virtual community, which does not use extrinsic motivation techniques as incentives to share knowledge. This correlation study used a framework that included the elements of social capital and outcome expectations. This study found that extrinsic rewards over time appear not to be important in knowledge sharing. The long term effect may be that extrinsic rewards are much less important than the design of the virtual community and the internal motivation of the members of the virtual community. One-hundred and thirty-three persons participated in this study.

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Psarologou, Adamantia. "A Stochastic Petri Net based NLU Scheme for Technical Documents Understanding." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1463745991.

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Beale, Jeremy Dick Chiverall. "Technical innovation, European integration, and the case of information and communication technologies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240533.

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Byrum, Sabrina Freeman. "A Technical Communication Internship with WIL Research Laboratories, Inc." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1144284140.

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Fitzgerald, Kevin Broderick. "Technical and experimental design for electricity conservation policy : continuous information feedback." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15003.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING
Bibliography: leaves 125-130.
by Kevin Broderick Fitzgerald.
M.S.
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Cuvar, Kenneth M. "Balanced and collaborative outsourcing of IT services| A qualitative Delphi study of enterprise partnerships." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3721947.

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Large organizations continue to outsource information technology services as a method of cost-savings rather than knowledge acquisition. This prioritization leads to failed sourcing projects and increases in overhead expenses. The purpose of the study was to achieve a consensus in regard to an effective staffing balance and collaboration in information services outsourcing. The study canvassed an expert panel of 49 IT professionals in a 3-round Delphi study. This study provided understanding of the internal IT professionals’ relationship with domestic contractors and offshore resources. Information was gathered from IT professionals with experience working with external partners. The study explored procedures to enhance outsourcing models. This was completed by answering the research questions: (R1) what do IT professionals perceive is an appropriate balance of internal staff, domestic contractors, and offshore resources in a global organization? In addition, (R2) when collaborating with external support, what communication and collaboration techniques should be integrated into a sourcing strategy? A qualitative Delphi method was followed, and participant’s responses were analyzed to achieve research findings.

Recommendations were to maintain a 50% to 70% staff of internal employees, have the domestic contract labor equal to offshore labor, and maintain open, frequent communication with external partners. Over-outsourcing passes too much knowledge to the external partner, reduces internal knowledge, and creates a dependency on the external firm. These issues can be overcome by increasing collaboration across firms. Project managers should closely monitor the performance of external teams. IT organizations should acquire external resources based upon skills first, and costs second. Management should integrate firms to ensure the parent organization retains critical knowledge.

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Howison, James. "Alone together a socio-technical theory of motivation, coordination and collaboration technologies in organizing for free and open source software development /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Conradie, Elizabeth Stephanie. "The role of key role players in science communication at South African higher education institutions : an exploratory study." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08232006-122915.

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Boyes, Maria. "A decent writer: professional environmental communication among environmental managers." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37949.

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The study explores a set of genre-hybrid reviews, 1999-2001, characterised by a standpoint of ecological rationality, and produced by a professional writer for a professional environmental management organisation. The interaction between such managers has not been studied before in terms of professional communication and was delineated as a new field of enquiry. The issues of tact and Face were important for this organisational community, which shared characteristics of contact communities and Communities of Practice. Methods used derive from studies of text in context, and organisational communication. The assembly of theoretical material is one outcome of the study, which tackled three questions: 1 To assess in what way the reviews made a contribution to the organisation, Weick's equivoque and the notion of the Fractal were combined to explain the text as an active organ for collaborative organisational learning and knowledge management. Thereby the texts are presumed to have contributed to the organisation's goal to enhance knowledge and practice in environmental management among managers drawn from diverse intellectual backgrounds. 2 To address the question of the technical characteristics of the reviews, narrative polyphony concepts provided suspension dialogia, which complemented the notion of translation suspension. 3 To address how the reviewer had managed to reproduce organisational patterns despite his inconsistent moral standpoint, the search for a theoretical position travelled through code-switching, pragmatics and translation, emerging with a concept similar to intersemiosis, labelled 'codehandling'. The combination of questions produced complex answers. Translation constructs, such as dynamic equivalence, increasingly emerged as productive and suitable to complement emerging endogenous approaches in environmental management literature. The genre-hybrid is argued to have altered the social function of the review. In prioritising interaction, it put at risk the organisation's strategic tact 10 structure. Nevertheless, the reviewer managed the risk within acceptable limits and produced popular and successful reviews.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Humanities, 2004.
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Troy, Matthew A. "Producing Online Software Documentation at Ontario Systems, LLC." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1114178834.

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Books on the topic "Technical Communication|Information Science|Computer Science"

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Zobel, Justin. Writing for computer science: The art of effective communication. Singapore: Springer, 1997.

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Writing for computer science: The art of effective communication. Singapore: Springer, 1997.

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Science communication and development. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1993.

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Prasher, Ram Gopal. Information and its communication. New Delhi: Medallion Press, 1991.

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Selling science: How the press covers science and technology. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1995.

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Nelkin, Dorothy. Selling science: How the press covers science and technology. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1987.

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W, Davies John, ed. Communication skills: A guide for engineering and applied science students. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001.

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Wells, James E. Science and technology: Federal efforts to collect and analyze information on foreign science and technology : statement by Jim Wells, Associate Director, Energy and Science Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on Technology, Environment and Aviation, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1993.

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Workshop, on Science and Technology Communication Networks in Africa (1992 Nairobi Kenya). Electronic networking in Africa: Advancing science and technology for development : Workshop on Science and Technology Communication Networks in Africa, August 27-29, 1992, Nairobi, Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: African Academy of Sciences, 1992.

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Deborah, St James, ed. Listen, write, present: The elements for communicating science and technology. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Technical Communication|Information Science|Computer Science"

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Abel, Jürgen. "EMD for Technical Analysis." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36368-0_1.

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Nikishova, Arina, Yuriy Umnitsyn, Mikhail Umnitsyn, and Tatiana Omelchenko. "Optimization of Technical Information Protection System’s Composition." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 285–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29750-3_22.

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Nitsche, Marcus, Stefan Haun, and Andreas Nürnberger. "Exploring Technical Documents: A Prototype Study." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 445–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39476-8_90.

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Yadav, Tarun, and Arvind Mallari Rao. "Technical Aspects of Cyber Kill Chain." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 438–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22915-7_40.

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Matokhina, Anna V., Alexey V. Kizim, and Nikita A. Nikitin. "Technical System Modernization During the Operation Stage." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 350–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65551-2_25.

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Xiaofeng, Xu, Di Jianyong, Jing Lixian, and Gao Yansong. "Theoretical Framework of Technical Kinematics Evaluation Software." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 304–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53932-9_30.

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Digkas, Georgios, Apostolos Ampatzoglou, Alexander Chatzigeorgiou, and Paris Avgeriou. "On the Temporality of Introducing Code Technical Debt." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 68–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58793-2_6.

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Moezkarimi, Zahra, Reza Nourmohammadi, Sima Zamani, Fatemeh Abdollahei, Zahra Golmirzaei, and Abuzar Arabsorkhi. "An Overview on Technical Characteristics of Blockchain Platforms." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 265–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33495-6_20.

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Phillips-Wren, Gloria. "Agent-Enabled Decision Support for Information Retrieval in Technical Fields." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 515–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11893004_67.

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Sus, Bohdan, Nataliia Tmienova, Ilona Revenchuk, and Vira Vialkova. "Development of Virtual Laboratory Works for Technical and Computer Sciences." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 383–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30275-7_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Technical Communication|Information Science|Computer Science"

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Falkner, Katrina, and Nickolas J. G. Falkner. "Integrating communication skills into the computer science curriculum." In the 43rd ACM technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2157136.2157248.

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McDonald, Gary, and Merry McDonald. "Developing oral communication skills of computer science undergraduates." In the twenty-fourth SIGCSE technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/169070.169503.

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Cunningham, Steve. "User interface programming: a human-computer communication course for computer science." In the twenty-second SIGCSE technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/107004.107075.

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Tudjman, Miroslav, and Nives Mikelic. "Information Science: Science about Information Misinformation and Disinformation." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2728.

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Participants in interactions (particularly in interactive network media (WWW) aim to change their intentions, goals, decisions and actions - as well as those of other participants in communication. Integrity of information is therefore disturbed; changes are manifested as technical, semantic and social errors and lead to the creation of information, misinformation and disinformation. These become legitimate points of interest in Information Science. Criteria for differentiation among information, misinformation and disinformation are suggested based on their value for different participants in interaction. Therefore, the notion of relevance needs to be redefined and efficiency of information is analyzed from the point of view of participants in the communication process. Usability of information is a measure of efficiency of the information process as judged by the user. Relevance is an accepted term for measuring information usability by the user. Usefulness of information is a measure of sender's efficiency regarding the decision-making processes and actions of the information user. Usefulness is a measure of the actual effect of the author (source) of information on the choice of goals, decisions and actions of the information user.
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"Computer Science and Information Technologies CSIT 2018." In 2018 IEEE 13th International Scientific and Technical Conference on Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stc-csit.2018.8526716.

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Reynolds, Charles, and Christopher Fox. "Requirements for a computer science curriculum emphasizing information technology." In the twenty-seventh SIGCSE technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/236452.236549.

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Michael, Mark. "Fostering and assessing communication skills in the computer science context." In the thirty-first SIGCSE technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/330908.331834.

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Hoffman, Mark E., Janet Burge, Jerry Gannod, and Mladen Vouk. "Integrating communication skills into the computer science curriculum (abstract only)." In Proceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2445196.2445467.

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Etlinger, Henry A. "A framework in which to teach (technical) communication to computer science majors." In the 37th SIGCSE technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1121341.1121380.

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Pollock, Lori. "A Collaborative Practicum Targeting Communication Skills for Computer Science Researchers." In SIGCSE '19: The 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287454.

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Reports on the topic "Technical Communication|Information Science|Computer Science"

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Babbitt, William R. Quantum Information Science Research and Technical Assessment Project. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533699.

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Taylor, Karen, Emily Moynihan, and Information Technology Laboratory (U S. ). Information Science and Knowledge Management Branch. The Forefront : A Review of ERDC Publications, Spring 2021. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40902.

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The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is the premier civil works engineering and environmental sciences research and development arm of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). As such, it partners with the Army, Department of Defense (DoD), federal agencies, and civilian organizations to help solve our Nation’s most challenging problems in civil and military engineering, geospatial sciences, water resources, and environmental sciences. A special government knowledge center, ERDC Information Technology Laboratory’s Information Science and Knowledge Management (ISKM) Branch is critical to ERDC’s mission, fulfilling research requirements by offering a variety of editing and library services to advance the creation, dissemination, and curation of ERDC and USACE research knowledge. Serving as the publishing authority for the ERDC, ISKM publishes all ERDC technical publications to the Digital Repository Knowledge Core, sends a copy to the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) and creates a press release about each publication on the ERDC website. The Forefront seeks to provide an additional mechanism for highlighting some of our technical publications to the ERDC, USACE, Army, and DoD communities. This publication also encourages those outside ERDC to contact us about using ERDC editing services. For more information regarding the reports highlighted in this publications or others that ERDC researchers’ have created, please contact the ISKM virtual reference desk at erdclibrary@ask-a-librarian.info or visit the ISKM’s online repository, Knowledge Core, at https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/ .
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Francesco, Petruccione,, Gastrow, Michael, Hadzic, Senka, Limpitlaw, Justine, Paul, Babu Sena, Wolhuter, Riaan, and Kies, Carl. Evaluation of Alternative Telecommunication Technologies for the Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Area. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0073.

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The National Research Foundation (NRF) requested the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), on behalf of South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), to undertake an independent and objective evaluation of potential alternative telecommunication technologies for the areas of the Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Areas (KCAAA). The study encompasses regulatory, public sphere, and technical dimensions to explore options for maintaining the functionality of the telescope while, at the same time, delivering appropriate connectivity solutions for local communities.The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) Assess the technologies currently being, or planning to be, deployed through existing alternative communications programs managed by SARAO, including whether these technologies are comparable with market available technologies that could feasibly be deployed in the KCAAA; and 2) Assessment of current and future telecommunication technologies that may act as suitable replacement and/or improvement (functional and feasible) for existing detrimental technologies, utilised in the KCAAA. This report provides a critical background into the relationship between the SKA and local communities as it relates to ICTs in the area. Based on this understanding, potential technology solutions are proposed to ensure residents of the KCAAA are still afforded valuable access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) within the parameters of affordability, desirability and feasibility.
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Morais, Carla, António Coelho, Alexandre Jacinto, and Marta Varzim, eds. The I SEA Project: Digital Publications. Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2020/978-989-746-279-5.

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The I SEA project aimed at the development of a non-obtrusive, valid and replicable method to evaluate audience attitudes about science communication projects through an immersive virtual reality environment that can improve exhibitions while educating and empowering citizens. To achieve the objectives of this highly complex, highly interdisciplinary, and innovative project, a permanent articulation of the scientific approach with the technical and design development took place, aiming the construction of the non- invasive evaluation method. Because it is an intricate project, it required constant iterations and interactions among the team members. So, we’ve learned somehow to consider limitations as engines for developing the project, instead of seeing them as obstacles.
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Furey, John, Austin Davis, and Jennifer Seiter-Moser. Natural language indexing for pedoinformatics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41960.

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The multiple schema for the classification of soils rely on differing criteria but the major soil science systems, including the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the international harmonized World Reference Base for Soil Resources soil classification systems, are primarily based on inferred pedogenesis. Largely these classifications are compiled from individual observations of soil characteristics within soil profiles, and the vast majority of this pedologic information is contained in nonquantitative text descriptions. We present initial text mining analyses of parsed text in the digitally available USDA soil taxonomy documentation and the Soil Survey Geographic database. Previous research has shown that latent information structure can be extracted from scientific literature using Natural Language Processing techniques, and we show that this latent information can be used to expedite query performance by using syntactic elements and part-of-speech tags as indices. Technical vocabulary often poses a text mining challenge due to the rarity of its diction in the broader context. We introduce an extension to the common English vocabulary that allows for nearly-complete indexing of USDA Soil Series Descriptions.
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Neeley, Aimee, Stace E. Beaulieu, Chris Proctor, Ivona Cetinić, Joe Futrelle, Inia Soto Ramos, Heidi M. Sosik, et al. Standards and practices for reporting plankton and other particle observations from images. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27377.

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This technical manual guides the user through the process of creating a data table for the submission of taxonomic and morphological information for plankton and other particles from images to a repository. Guidance is provided to produce documentation that should accompany the submission of plankton and other particle data to a repository, describes data collection and processing techniques, and outlines the creation of a data file. Field names include scientificName that represents the lowest level taxonomic classification (e.g., genus if not certain of species, family if not certain of genus) and scientificNameID, the unique identifier from a reference database such as the World Register of Marine Species or AlgaeBase. The data table described here includes the field names associatedMedia, scientificName/ scientificNameID for both automated and manual identification, biovolume, area_cross_section, length_representation and width_representation. Additional steps that instruct the user on how to format their data for a submission to the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) are also included. Examples of documentation and data files are provided for the user to follow. The documentation requirements and data table format are approved by both NASA’s SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS) and the National Science Foundation’s Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO).
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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, Christine Chen, Olamigoke Akinniranye, Owen Hall, Jody Larkin, Aneesa Motala, Sydne Newberry, and Susanne Hempel. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.

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Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.
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