Relevant bibliographies by topics / Technical constraint

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Academic literature on the topic 'Technical constraint'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Technical constraint"

1

Nwokedi, Theophilus C., Donald I. Kalu, Callistus C. Igboanusi, Gbasibo L. Addah, and C. U. Odumodu. "Constraint Theory Approach Analysis of the Nigerian Shipbuilding Industry." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 10, no. 1 (2019): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2019-0006.

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Abstract Nigeria has been unable to develop a viable ship building industry over the years notwithstanding several efforts of government at achieving that. The study aimed to identify and determine the principal component constraints to ship building development in Nigeria. Adopting the theory of constraint approach, survey research design was used in which primary data were obtained from questionnaire responses from employees and management staff of shipyards in the ship building clusters in Lagos, Port-Harcourt and Warri. The data collected were analyzed using principal component factor analysis, analysis of variance and pie-chart. It was found that the principal component constraints to the development of the ship building sector in Nigeria include financial constraint with Eigen value of 31.23%, infrastructural constraint with Eigenvalue of 26.35% and poor skill and technical know-how with Eigen value of 16.23%. This implies that financial constraints, poor skill and lack of technical know-how and infrastructural constraints contribute a cumulative Eigen value of 74.259% and thus constitute the dominant constraints impeding the performance of ship yards, ship building and repair sector in Nigeria. Development of national ship building and dry-docking funding scheme, ship building research and training center among other things were recommended.
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Schaefer, Vanessa, João Paulo Augusto Eça, Marcelo Botelho da Costa Moraes, and Amaury José Rezende. "Do financial constraints impact the technical efficiency of agricultural cooperatives? evidence from Brazil." Enfoque: Reflexão Contábil 40, no. 3 (2021): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/enfoque.v40i3.51484.

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Agricultural cooperatives have the main goals of meeting the economic, social and cultural needs of their members. Although they do not seek profits, they must be competitive since they compete with other cooperatives and companies in the market. In this sense, the search for technical efficiency to give cooperatives a better market position contrasts with the difficulty these organizations face in obtaining foreign capital to enable greater investments. There is little empirical evidence, however, of the relationship between financial constraints and technical efficiency in these organizations. According to theoretical assumptions, this relationship could be positive or negative. Thus, this paper analyzes the impact of financial constraints on the technical efficiency of Brazilian agricultural cooperatives. For this, we used two metrics to measure financial constraint and analyzed panel data on 68 Brazilian agricultural cooperatives for the 2005-2014 period. Despite the theoretical predictions, our main results suggest there is no evidence that financial constraints affect technical efficiency. This result can be explained by the characteristics attributed to Brazilian cooperatives, that is, the fact they deal with different commodities (multi-purpose) and do not have strong demand for investments (technology). This paper contributes to the literature both by providing new empirical evidence regarding the relationship between technical efficiency and financial constraints and by introducing a new metric for analyzing financial constraint in the context of cooperatives.
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Hong, Yu, Jia Lin Guan, and Hong Wei Su. "Does Energy Constraint Facilitate the Japanese Technical Change?" Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 1166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.1166.

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This study challenges the traditional wisdom that soaring energy prices exert negative effects upon economic growth. For an industrialized country with very tight energy supply constraints, increasing energy costs may drive the firms to seek for technical change and innovation to compete internationally. Using the Japanese monthly data ranging from 1975 to 2010, this study tests for the assumption of endogenous cost-driven technical change. We identify a long-run equilibrium co-integrating relationship among the Japanese industrial production, energy prices, export volumes and export prices. Although energy prices are negatively associated with Japanese industrial production in static equilibrium, the results of Granger causality tests show that an increase in domestic energy costs has significantly positive effects on Japan’s industrial production as well as on export volumes and prices, in both short-run and long-run. We document that the seemingly paradox strongly suggests an endogenous technological change driven by energy costs in Japan.
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STUMPTNER, MARKUS, GERHARD E. FRIEDRICH, and ALOIS HASELBÖCK. "Generative constraint-based configuration of large technical systems." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 12, no. 4 (1998): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060498124046.

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This paper describes the technical principles and representation behind the constraint-based, automated configurator COCOS. Traditionally, representation methods for technical configuration have focused either on reasoning about structure of systems or quantity of components, which is not satisfactory in many target areas that need both. Starting from general requirements on configuration systems, we have developed an extension of the standard CSP model. The constraint-based approach allows a simple system architecture, and a declarative description of the different types of configuration knowledge. Knowledge bases are described in terms of a component-centered knowledge base written in an object-oriented representation language with semantics directly based on the underlying constraint model. The approach combines a simple, declarative representation with the ability to configure large-scale systems and is in use for actual production applications.
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OSTROWSKI, MAX, and TORSTEN SCHAUB. "ASP modulo CSP: The clingcon system." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 12, no. 4-5 (2012): 485–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068412000142.

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AbstractWe present the hybrid ASP solver clingcon, combining the simple modeling language and the high performance Boolean solving capacities of Answer Set Programming (ASP) with techniques for using non-Boolean constraints from the area of Constraint Programming (CP). The new clingcon system features an extended syntax supporting global constraints and optimize statements for constraint variables. The major technical innovation improves the interaction between ASP and CP solver through elaborated learning techniques based on irreducible inconsistent sets. A broad empirical evaluation shows that these techniques yield a performance improvement of an order of magnitude.
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6

Tang, J., and Q. Zhuang. "Technical Note: Propagating correlations in atmospheric inversions using different Kalman update smoothers." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 3 (2011): 921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-921-2011.

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Abstract. The scheme to propagate correlations between on-line and off-line state variables in atmospheric inversions using the fixed-lag Kalman smoother proposed in Bruhwiler et al. (2005) is explained as a process to impose a balanced constraint on the on-line state variables. It is then extended to the fixed-lag ensemble square root Kalman smoother and fixed-lag square root sigma-point Kalman smoother, allowing us to treat nonlinear observation operators easily. Further, to constrain the posterior fluxes within their feasible ranges, the constrained fixed-lag Kalman smoother is presented and the variable transform technique is proposed for the other two smoothers. Comparisons between various methods and observational data are conducted using a synthetic inversion of atmospheric CH4 fluxes. The results indicate that our developed methods are good alternatives to existing methods for conducting sequential inversion of atmospheric trace gases. It is also shown that the benefit to include the correlations between on-line and off-line state variables is case dependent.
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Kehinde, Ayodeji Damilola, and Muyiwa Sunday Olatidoye. "Credit Constraint and Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Cassava Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria." Agricultura 16, no. 1-2 (2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/agricultura.16.1-2.27-33.2019.

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This study investigated the effect of credit constraint on technical efficiency of smallholder cassava farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 200 smallholder cassava farmers using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier model. Results from the descriptive statistics showed that majority (81%) of the cassava farmers were male with the mean age of 44.1 (±14.9) years. About 86% of the respondents were married with mean household size of 6.9 (±3.5) persons. The results further revealed that 65% of the farmers were credit constrained. Results obtained from the stochastic frontier model showed that smallholder cassava farmers had an average technical efficiency of 73.6% in cassava production. The empirical results from the frontier model showed that man-day of labour significantly influence the technical efficiency of smallholder cassava farmers in Osun State. However, access to credit, amount of credit constrained and years of education were the major sources of technical inefficiencies among smallholder cassava farmers. The study concluded that majority of smallholder cassava farmers were credit constrained, as the amount of credit they received is not sufficient for their production which subsequently affected their technical efficiency. It was recommended that organizations giving agricultural credits to cassava farmers should enhance their credit services. This will assist smallholder cassava farmers to improve their technical efficiency.
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Mayer, Wolfgang, Markus Stumptner, Peter Killisperger, and Georg Grossmann. "A declarative framework for work process configuration." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 25, no. 2 (2011): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060410000594.

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AbstractThis article describes the technical principles and representation of a constraint-based configuration method for work processes. Methods developed for the configuration of modular systems comprising components have traditionally adopted a representation where the properties and compatibility requirements are expressed as constraints associated with individual components. However, this representation does not accurately capture constraints on paths and subprocesses and is therefore unsuitable for process configuration. This article extends established constraint-based configuration methods with a constraint language for specifying properties of execution paths in work processes. A framework for semiautomated process customization is presented. It integrates the extended constraint language with a metamodel of the work processes in an organization and allows to adapt generic work processes to fit the requirements of specific development projects. Heuristic search methods are applied to build valid process configurations by incrementally resolving constraint violations. The declarative framework facilitates the adaptation of abstract work processes as well as the validation and repair of existing processes. The approach was developed in the context of a real-world system of complex design and development processes where it was shown that significant process improvements and reduction in effort required to edit process models can be achieved.
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DOS SANTOS PAULINO, VICTOR, and MICHEL CALLOIS. "INNOVATION AND RELIABILITY STRATEGIES IN THE DEFENSE, SPACE AND SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." International Journal of Innovation Management 14, no. 05 (2010): 795–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s136391961000288x.

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The objective of this paper is to understand why the pace of technical change has been slower in the defense and space industries than in semiconductors. To answer this question, we adopt an inductive method that exploits historical facts and patent statistics to provide empirical data. Basing our rationale on the appropriation and structural inertia arguments, we show that the constraints imposed by reliability in the defense and space industries impedes the appropriation of supra profits from innovation and thus slows the pace of technical change. The main managerial implication of this result is that technical inertia contributes to competitive success when the reliability constraint reaches high levels.
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10

Rosso, Marco M., Raffaele Cucuzza, Fabio Di Trapani, and Giuseppe C. Marano. "Nonpenalty Machine Learning Constraint Handling Using PSO-SVM for Structural Optimization." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617750.

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Firstly formulated to solve unconstrained optimization problems, the common way to solve constrained ones with the metaheuristic particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is represented by adopting some penalty functions. In this paper, a new nonpenalty-based constraint handling approach for PSO is implemented, adopting a supervised classification machine learning method, the support vector machine (SVM). Because of its generality, constraint handling with SVM appears more adaptive both to nonlinear and discontinuous boundary. To preserve the feasibility of the population, a simple bisection algorithm is also implemented. To improve the search performances of the algorithm, a relaxation function of the constraints is also adopted. In the end part of this paper, two numerical literature benchmark examples and two structural examples are discussed. The first structural example refers to a homogeneous constant cross-section simply supported beam. The second one refers to the optimization of a plane simply supported Warren truss beam. The obtained results in terms of objective function demonstrate that this new approach represents a valid alternative to solve constrained optimization problems even in structural optimization field. Furthermore, as demonstrated by the Warren truss beam problem, this new algorithm provides an optimal structural design which represents also a good solution from the technical point of view with a trivial rounding-off that does not jeopardize significantly the optimization design process.
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