Academic literature on the topic 'Technical references'

Os referenciais tecnológicos são documentos técnicos de referência, não normativos, elaborados e consensualizados por agentes da cadeia produtiva, visando à disseminação das boas práticas para o processo de produção de edifícios (planejamento, projeto, execução, uso, manutenção e pós-uso), com o intuito de se obter qualidade e adequado desempenho do produto final, bem como de consolidar e difundir o conhecimento no setor. Documentos como esses já são efetivamente utilizados em diversos países, como modelos de códigos de práticas (PRGHO_FRGHV ou FRGHV_RI_SUDFWLFHV) e guias de práticas recomendadas (EHVW_ SUDFWLFH_ JXLGHV); enquanto a construção civil brasileira, apesar de algumas iniciativas, ainda está aquém do desejado nessa área. Assim, o objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar, discutir e propor orientações técnicas, metodológicas e institucionais para a elaboração e implementação de referenciais tecnológicos para o setor de edificações no Brasil. Para tanto, faz-se uma pesquisa e caracterização de documentos nacionais, como cadernos de encargos e manuais técnicos, discutindo a estrutura e o conteúdo dos mesmos e mostrando ainda, por meio de um estudo de caso, a aplicação prática de um documento utilizado em habitações de interesse social no Estado de São Paulo (Manual de Controle de Obras e Serviços). Apresentam-se, ainda, alguns documentos estrangeiros, além de um estudo mais detalhado sobre os documentos técnicos utilizados na França ('RFXPHQWV_7HFKQLTXHV_8QLILpV___'78), discutindo-se a sua adaptação à realidade brasileira. Concluise o trabalho analisando, dentre outros fatores, o conceito de referenciais tecnológicos, seu contexto e interfaces, dando orientações quanto à estrutura e ao conteúdo de documentos desse tipo e citando dificuldades e oportunidades de desenvolvimento e aplicação dos mesmos, bem como a necessidade de ações paralelas, incluindo de natureza institucional, que contribuam para o seu uso prático e efetivo.<br>The “ technical references” are documents that can be used in different phases of the a building project, with no legal effect as standards or Codes, developed by the agents of the industry, to establish and disseminate best practices for planning, design, execution, use, maintenance and post-use phases, with the aim of to achieve quality and performance of the final product and to consolidate and to broadcast knowledge. Such documents exist in different countries, as the “model codes” or “ codes of practices” and the “ best practice guides” , but this is not the case in Brazil, even though we can find some initiatives in this way. Consequently, the objective of this research is to analyse, discuss and propose technical, methodological and institutional orientations to the implementation of technical referencesfor the building construction sector in Brazil. For this purpose, there is a review of documents such as procurement texts and technical manuals, an analysis of their structures and contents and a deeperexamination of the application of the document used in social housing projects in Sao Paulo. Some foreign documents are also analysed, as well as the technical documents model used in France ('RFXPHQWV_ 7HFKQLTXHV_ 8QLILpV_ __ '78), discussing its adaptation to fit Brazilian reality. The conclusion of this work lies in the analysis, amongst other factors, of the concept of technical reference documents, its context and interfaces, bringing orientation concerning their structure and content, and presenting difficulties and opportunities of developing and using them, as well as showing the need of additional actions, including those of institutional nature, that contribute to their practical and effective use.

The issue of lexical modernisation in Arabic, particularly in the area of science and technology, has been raised for a long time with concentration mainly on the methods of lexical expansion adopted by language planning agencies (language academies and other language planning organisations) or individuals concerned in this process such as dictionary compilers and translators. The problem of lexical modernisation does not lie solely in finding ways of word creation and inventing lists and glossaries of new words. More important is whether these words are being adopted and used by the language community or not, and if not, why and what are the possible reasons behind accepting or rejecting certain terms. This study is an attempt to answer these questions making use of the vocabulary produced and/or co-ordinated by Arabic language planning agencies or individuals, a list of which is included in the bibliography. The study is divided into seven chapters commencing with a discussion of some major aspects of language planning in general and Arabic language planning in particular. In attempting to answer the above questions, it is believed that there are two kinds of factors that might affect the acceptability of newly introduced vocabulary: (1) linguistic factors, which include the features of the term itself i.e. word length, ease of pronunciation, transparency, and the factor of diglossia, and (2) extralinguistic factors, those to do with the planners such as lack of authority and financial resources to distribute, or the speakers including lack of motivation, illiteracy or other factors such as contact with foreign languages with considerable prestige. The researcher relied mainly on some questionnaires conducted in the University of Tripoli in Libya, and among specialised groups of speakers, in addition to consulting speakers with intensive contact with technical vocabulary. For the problem of terminology disunification, a survey of some lexicons and glossaries was conducted.

Thesis (MTech (Industrial Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009<br>Demand Side Management (DSM) within a South African context requires a transdisciplinary approach to comprehend electricity consumption. Current research suggests a technical determinism, whereby design teams fail to acknowledged social factors and cultural influences when conceptualising DSM artefacts. The result of which, is that artefacts fail to be adopted by the market, and consumer behaviour and electricity consumption remains unchanged. The thesis aims to demonstrate the hypothesis, that semiotics and ethnology may affect sustainable residential electricity management in South Africa. The ubiquitous literature on electricity management is administered by means of the theoretical lens, Sociotechnical Theory. Mixed method instrument obtain fieldwork data from three of the eleven official South African languages: Afrikaans, English and IsiXhosa.

El presente trabajo de investigación se fundamenta en la aplicación de procesos estandarizados y buenas prácticas de la Guía PMBOK® 6ta edición, a los grupos de procesos de inicio y planificación del proyecto; con el fin de implementar un plan para la dirección del proyecto de elaboración del Expediente Técnico Para la Construcción del Colegio Buen Pastor de Ñaña, donde se defina cómo se planifica, monitorea y controla el desempeño del proyecto durante su ciclo de vida. Los principales entregables para la dirección del proyecto, serán el acta de constitución, el registro de interesados, el plan para la dirección del proyecto, que incluye la línea base del alcance, costo y cronograma, y que en conjunto constituyen la línea base para la medición del desempeño del proyecto, el plan de respuesta a los riesgos, el plan de gestión de las adquisiciones y el plan de gestión de las comunicaciones. Los resultados del análisis de inversión en 9 años, demostraron que el proyecto es financieramente viable considerando un Valor Presente Neto (VAN o VPN) de S/ 4,762,061, Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) del 27 %, y el Retorno Sobre la Inversión (ROI) de 117%. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo de investigación muestra una situación ideal aplicando las buenas prácticas de la Guía de los Fundamentos para la Dirección de Proyectos - sexta edición, para aumentar las posibilidades de éxito en los proyectos de edificaciones que emprenda la organización.<br>The present research work is based on the application of standardized processes and good practices of the PMBOK® Guide 6th edition, to the project initiation and planning process groups; in order to implement a project management plan for the preparation of the Technical File for the Construction of “Colegio Buen Pastor de Ñaña”, where it is defined how the performance of the project is planned, monitored and controlled during its life cycle. The main deliverables for the project management will be the project charter, the registry of stakeholders, the project management plan, which includes the baseline of the scope, cost and schedule, and which together constitute the baseline for the measurement of project performance; the risk response plan, the procurement management plan and the communications management plan. The results of the investment analysis in 9 years showed that the project is financially viable considering a Net Present Value (NPV) of S / 4,762,061, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 27%, and Return on investment (ROI) 117%. Therefore, the present research work shows an ideal situation applying the good practices of the Guide of the Fundamentals for Project Management - sixth edition, to increase the chances of success in the building projects that the organization undertakes.<br>Tesis