Academic literature on the topic 'Technical regulations of the customs Union'
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Journal articles on the topic "Technical regulations of the customs Union"
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Zamula, V. S., Yu A. Kuzlyakina, and T. V. Savenkova. "Requirements for chocolate within the framework of technical regulation and standardization." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 4 (April 11, 2024): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2404-08.
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This article discusses the requirements for chocolate within the framework of technical regulation and standardization. The procedure for developing and approving a revised standard for chocolate is covered. The main changes to the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union regarding chocolate have been identifi ed and presented.
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Otnykova, G. D. "Legal regime of activities carried out on the basis of technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Customs Union." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 12 (February 17, 2023): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.100.12.061-069.
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The article notes that currently, the Technical Regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union are in force and the previously adopted technical regulations of the Customs Union continue to operate. Technical regulations in order to ensure product safety, establish requirements for the manufacturer at all stages of production. The Technical Regulations of the EAEU and the CU are legal acts of interstate regulation, are acts of direct action, they are mandatory for application on the territory of all countries that are members of the EAEU.Product safety requirements are checked by certification bodies when issuing a certificate of conformity. At the same time, technical regulations give them the right to exercise control in the production process. The state authorities control the products after they are put into circulation, but not the production process itself. Taking into account the considered features of control, the article concludes that the legal regime of the activities of economic entities engaged in entrepreneurial activity on the basis of technical regulations refers to the legal regime of special control.Detection of unsafe products during inspection means a significant violation of product quality requirements. The article states that the seller should not be responsible for the identified deviations in products according to microbiological indicators. This violation is committed at the stage of the technological process of manufacturing the product, for which the manufacturer must be responsible. It is concluded that Article 14.43 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation needs to clarify the subject of responsibilit.
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Тіхенко, Валентин Миколайович, Костянтин Володимирович Меженков, and Тетяна Сергіївна Антоненко. "Possibilities of using technical regulations of customs union 012/2011 in Ukraine." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 3(69) (2014): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2014.24863.
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Schippers, Martijn L. "A Series of Sales: Determining the Customs Value Under the Union Customs Code." Global Trade and Customs Journal 13, Issue 2 (2018): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2018007.
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New customs legislation – the Union Customs Code – became applicable in the EU on 1 May 2016. These new regulations seem to abolish the use of the ‘ first sale for export ’ rule for determining the customs value and introduce the ‘ last sale for export ’ rule. Although the EU is clearly attempting in this way to increase the revenue derived from customs duties, it is questionable how the new provisions for determining the customs value should be interpreted. This contribution discusses the technical and practical consequences of introducing the ‘ last sale for export ’ rule, while also examining how the introduction of this rule in the EU fits into a global pattern of customs valuation systems shifting from a first sale to a last sale rule.
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Tukmakov, S. V. "Control of the Products’ Conformity to the Requirements of Technical Regulations of the Customs Union in Forensic Commodity Examination." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 15, no. 1 (2020): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2020-15-1-118-125.
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The procedure of the conformity statement of the products to the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union and the algorithm for the control of the conformity to the enabling documentation are analyzed. Templates for the conformity verification are described. The article addresses the contents of the enabling documentation (conformity certificate, declaration of conformity) with the description of each element. An algorithm for the definition of the products’ conformity/non-conformity to the particulars contained in the enabling documentation on the example of furniture products and its consistency with the conformity certificate/declaration of conformity to the requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union.
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GAAK, A. V. "UPDATED EDITION OF THE NATIONAL STANDARD GOST R "THERMAL GAS CONSUMING UNITS. INDUSTRIAL GAS BURNERS. LIMIT STANDARDS FOR NOX CONCENTRATIONS IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS"." Actual Issues Of Energy 6, no. 1 (2024): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2686-6935-2024-6-1-19-24.
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The article discusses issues related to updating the edition of the national standard GOST R «Thermal gas-consuming units. Industrial gas burners. Limit standards for NOx concentrations in combustion products.» The draft national standard GOST R was developed within the framework of the approved national standardization program for 2024 TK 244 «Stationary energy equipment» in accordance with the National Standardization Program for 2024. Compliance with the requirements of technical regulations is regulated by the Customs Union «On the safety of devices operating on gaseous fuels» (TR CU 016/2011), paragraph 86 of the List of international and regional (interstate) standards, and in their absence - national (state) standards, as a result the use of which on a voluntary basis ensures compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union «On the safety of devices operating on gaseous fuels» (TR CU 016/2011) and paragraph 85.
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Chistokletov, Nikolay, and Yaroslav Vavilin. "Safety management system of machine-building production." Engineering review 38, no. 2 (2018): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.38.2.10.
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The article is devoted to the problem of fulfilling the Customs Union technical regulations requirements. The authors have proposed a model of the safety management system of machinebuilding production. The authors offered hierarchical model of documentary information. Programs of safety was developed on various stages of product lifecycle. The rating scale of risk level was offered. The important task was solved of improvement of quality of machine-building products based on providing the requirements to its safety containing in technical regulations.
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Belousova, Аnna I., and Lyudmila V. Donchenko. "Assessment of quality and safety indicators of beverages made from vegetable raw materials." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301006.
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Organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters of new pectin-containing beverages based on vegetable juices are given. Their compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union in terms of safety indicators was confirmed. The conclusion about the feasibility of setting up new types of beverages for production was made.
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Сергиенко, И. В., and А. М. Агапкин. "Features of customs clearance of grain in Russia." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 6(143) (October 31, 2022): 1278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2022.143.6.236.
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Зерновые культуры входят в достаточно небольшой перечень продукции, на которую в России устанавливаются экспортные пошлины. Основными документами, характерными для данной товарной группы, являются экспортные лицензии, фитосанитарные сертификаты, а также декларация соответствия техническим регламентам Союза. Grain crops are included in a fairly small list of products for which export duties are imposed in Russia. The main documents characteristic of this product group are export licenses, phytosanitary certificates, as well as a declaration of compliance with the technical regulations of the Union.
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Demchenko, Elena. "Confectionery Standards in the Eurasian Economic Union." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 52, no. 4 (2022): 819–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-4-2409.
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A barrier-free trade in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) market is impossible without a unified approach to standardization. The research objective was to analyze and develop proposals that would make it possible to unify the standards of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EAEC) on the content of sulfur dioxide and sulfites in confectionery products.
 The study featured technical regulations and standards for confectionery products, methods for determining sulfur dioxide, and EAEU resources on the results of control oversight activities. The methods included comparison, analogy, analysis, synthesis, peer review, integrated standardization, and system analysis.
 The analysis involved the official websites of the authorized bodies of the EAEU states on control and supervisory measures for compliance with technical regulations. It revealed the main reasons behind the limited confectionery turnover associated with excessive sulfur dioxide and sulfites. The standards showed discrepancies with Technical Regulations of Customs Union TR CU 022/2011 and TR CU 029/2012. The content standards for sulfur dioxide and sulfites in finished products were different. The analysis detected no unified approach to indicators, measurement units, and detection methods. The authors also assessed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing domestic State Standards for methods of sulfur dioxide and sulfite detection in confectionery products. The state standards have to be adapted to the international standards and EU Directives, in particular, by certifying the Monier-Williams method.
 The results can help to unify national and international regulations in order to remove technical barriers in the EAEU market and increase the export volume. They also can help confectionery producers to improve the quality and safety of confectionery products.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Technical regulations of the customs Union"
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Ткачук, Тетяна Володимирівна. "Оцінювання медичних виробів згідно вимог Регламенту (ЄС) 2017/745". Магістерська робота, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19548.
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Дипломна магістерська робота присвячена питанням впровадження в Регламент Європейського Парламенту і Ради (ЄС) 2017/745 від 5 квітня 2017 року про медичні вироби (далі – Регламент (ЄС) 2017/745) та впливу зміни нормативних вимог в ЄС, зокрема на порядок проведення оцінки відповідності медичних виробів. Досліджено передумови, які сприятимуть економічній та політичній інтеграції України до Європейського Союзу та виявлено причини необхідності впровадження оновлених вимог щодо оцінки відповідності медичних виробів. Встановлені наслідки прийняття для ринку України виробників та споживачів медичних препаратів, викликані можливим проведенням дій щодо гармонізації українського законодавства та законодавства Європейського Союзу. Обґрунтовується думка, що розробка системи принципів та підходів для впровадження та застосування європейських вимог в діяльності регуляторів ринку медичних виробів, в тому числі органів з оцінки відповідності, дозволить знизити ризик виготовлення неякісної продукції, що, як результат, значно підвищить безпечність медичних виробів. Запропоновано дії, необхідні для переходу органів з оцінки відповідності до провадження діяльності відповідно до нового Регламенту щодо медичних виробів.<br>The master's thesis is devoted to the implementation in the Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) 2017/745 of 5 April 2017 on medical devices (hereinafter – Regulation (EU) 2017/745) and the impact of changes in regulatory requirements in the EU, in particular the evaluation compliance of medical devices. The preconditions that will promote economic of Ukraine and political integration into the European Union are studied and the reasons for the need to implement updated requirements for conformity assessment of medical devices are identified. The consequences of acceptance for the Ukrainian market of medical producers and consumers caused by possible actions to harmonize Ukrainian legislation and the legislation of the European Union have been established. It is argued that the development of a system of principles and approaches for the implementation and application of European requirements in the activities of regulators of the medical device market, including conformity assessment bodies, will reduce the risk of substandard products, which will significantly increase the safety of medical devices. The actions necessary for the transition of conformity assessment bodies to the implementation of activities in accordance with the new Regulation on medical devices are proposed.
Books on the topic "Technical regulations of the customs Union"
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Kashirkina, Anna, and Andrey Morozov. Russia, Euroasian economic union and World Trade Organization. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6432.
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The monograph is the first scientific publication, considering the complex
 international legal issues of the integration of rapprochement of the Russian
 Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan after the signing of the Heads of State May
 29, 2014 the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. The monograph is held
 international legal analysis of the contractual framework prior Eurasian Economic
 Union integration union – Customs Union. The position of the new interstate
 integration association – the Eurasian Economic Union – as a subject of public
 international law. On the basis of comparative legal analysis mapped international
 legal obligations, operating under the World Trade Organization, as well as the
 provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, including in the areas
 of customs regulation, industrial policies, and technical regulation. Give
 suggestions and recommendations for improving and promoting the integration
 of the former Soviet Union in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union,
 taking into account Russia’s membership in the World Trade Organization, as well
 as the possible accession by the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of
 Kazakhstan – Russia’s partners in the Eurasian Economic Union.
 The monograph focuses on a wide range of readers: researchers and experts
 in the field of international law and international relations, employees of public
 authorities, business representatives, teachers and law faculties, graduate students,
 and all interested in the integration of the modern world.
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Bolarev, Boris. Standardization, Metrology, conformity assessment. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1047211.
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Study guide corresponds to the program discipline "Standardization, Metrology, confirmation of conformity" and contains the material for all learning units. The emphasis is on contemporary and topical issues of technical regulation and metrological support. Educational materials are supported by numerous examples.
 Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
 Designed for students in a direction "trading business", as well as for specialists in food technology, may be used by the specialists of the technical regulation, traders, marketers, merchandisers, experts of bodies of Rospotrebnadzor specialists of certification bodies and testing laboratories, centers of standardization and Metrology, the employees of the Customs Union, as well as economists and managers of enterprises, organizations, etc. Recommended for continuing training of employees in trade, food technology senior and middle managers.
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Peter-Christian, Müller-Graff, and Arbeitskreis Europäische Integration, eds. Europäische Zusammenarbeit in den Bereichen Justiz und Inneres: Der dritte Pfeiler der Europäischen Union. Nomos, 1996.
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US GOVERNMENT. Laws & regulations enforced or administered by the United States Customs Service. The Service, 1990.
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US GOVERNMENT. Laws & regulations enforced or administered by the United States Customs Service. The Office, 1990.
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US GOVERNMENT. Laws & regulations enforced or administered by the United States Customs Service. The Service, 1990.
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(Federation), Russia. Customs, space cooperation: Agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation, signed at Moscow December 16, 1994. Dept. of State, 1999.
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(Federation), Russia. Customs, space cooperation: Agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation, signed at Moscow December 16, 1994. Dept. of State, 1999.
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(Federation), Russia. Customs, space cooperation: Agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation, signed at Moscow December 16, 1994. Dept. of State, 1999.
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Office, General Accounting. Drug control: U.S. heroin control efforts in Southwest Asia and the former Soviet Union : briefing report to the Chairman, Caucus on International Narcotics Control, U.S. Senate. U.S. General Accounting Office, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Technical regulations of the customs Union"
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Castaneda, Dora. "Technical Regulations in Agricultural Trade Agreements between the European Union and Central American Countries." In Managing Economies, Trade and International Business. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230274013_12.
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Pauli, Gernot, and Benjamin Boyer. "Regulation for the Decarbonisation of IWT in Europe." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_124.
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AbstractTo ensure its future, the response of IWT to climate change must be twofold: it must adapt to the changing climate and mitigate its carbon footprint. The former will make IWT resilient against adverse effects of climate change, the latter will bring IWT in line with the Paris Agreement and decarbonise IWT. PIANC, in its 2019 Declaration on Climate Change, stated that “… PIANC and its members will strive to develop approaches to decarbonise the operation of port and navigation infrastructure (i.e. move to net zero emissions), whilst at the same time enabling the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from vessels by providing the necessary facilities, infrastructure and, where appropriate, incentives…” The European Union (EU) and the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (CCNR) more explicitly aim at zero-emission vessels and eliminating GHG emissions from inland navigation vessels by 2050. For doing so, EU and CCNR will go beyond the measures foreseen in PIANC’s declaration and will employ regulations and standards as well, since regulations and standards are important policy instruments to facilitate the transition towards carbon neutral IWT. This paper will present respective regulations and standards which are already in place, currently under development or whose development is foreseen to effectively support the transition towards a zero-emission IWT fleet in Europe. Vessel technical requirements are at the core of the contribution, but requirements concerning vessel operation and crew training are also considered. The paper analysis the basic content of the regulations and standards and provides general recommendations for the way forward.
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LaCroix, Alison L. "The Customs of Commerce." In The Interbellum Constitution. Yale University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300223217.003.0009.
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This chapter examines controversies over persons and goods crossing interstate and international borders. By the late 1830s, debates about commerce were explicitly about apportioning control among multiple overlapping jurisdictions. In addition to the existential question of what a commercial union was, lawyers and jurists struggled with the practical question of of which government could claim regulatory supremacy in which domain. Interbellum Americans accepted jurisdictional multiplicity as a given. But the emphasis of their commerce-power inquiries changed in the late 1830s. Lawyers and judges became less focused on defining what “commerce among the states” was, and more concerned with the specific things and persons being regulated. Ships, passengers, imported goods—all were unquestionably subjects of regulation. But not all of them were commerce in the technical, constitutional sense. The immense mass of commercial regulation that had existed in the states, and before that in the colonies, required a more precise definition of which types of commerce belonged to which levels of government. Moreover, the chapter explores the ways in which issues concerning slavery and ideas of race suffused the Taney Court’s jurisprudence, at times varying from the ways in which they had influenced the Marshall Court.
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Gormley, Laurence W. "The Customs Union." In Specialized Administrative Law of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787433.003.0005.
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EU customs law has developed enormously since the entry into force of the Common Customs Tariff on 1 July 1968. The move away from issue-by-issue directives towards more generally applicable regulations heralded greater control at EU level over matters such as inward processing, ensuring more uniformity in the customs territory of the then Community which had started to resemble a Swiss Cheese because of national policies concerned to attract business. The logical next step was the development of a single Community Customs Code, subsequently replaced by the somewhat ill-fated Modernised Customs Code. Both have now been succeeded by the Union Customs Code (UCC). The procedural provisions of the latter have been in force since 30 October 2013, and most of the substantive provisions have applied since 1 May 2016. Three major regulations put flesh on the extensive bones of the UCC: the UCC Delegated Act (UCC-DA); the UCC Implementing Act (UCC-IA), and the UCC Transitional Delegated Act (UCC-TDA). The UCC-DA covers all the matters in respect of which the Commission has been granted delegated powers under the UCC, and the UCC-IA covers all the matters in respect of which the Commission has been granted implementing powers under the UCC.
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Leśniewski, Dariusz. "Wyższy poziom zarządzania ryzykiem celnym w nowym prawie celnym Unii Europejskiej." In Prawo i ryzyko celne. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-233-7/2.
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Higher level customs risk management in the new EU customs law. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether the proposed changes to European Union customs law actually justify the claim that the customs union will be introduced to the next level, based on customs risk management. Design/methodology/approach: The author performs a comparative analysis of the currently functioning customs regulations of the European Union (mainly the EU Customs Code) in the field of customs risk management, the practical approach to risk on the example of the Polish National Tax Administration (KAS) with the change in the European Union customs law regulations planned by the European Commission. The scope of the analysis includes terminology regarding customs risk used in regulations, IT tools, organisational structures of customs administration and the methodology currently used. Further, the study presents the new philosophy of customs risk management, included in the draft of the new Customs Code of the European Union, including the justification for the project. Findings: It is a bit too early to be able to clearly confirm whether the customs union, which is the basis of the European Union, will actually be used and managed at a higher level than now. The reason for this is the lack of all planned regulations, including implementing ones, specifying individual issues of the practical functioning of the new risk-based approach. However, the European Commission’s plans to build a new customs risk management system at the EU level should be assessed positively.
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Senda, Tadeusz. "Reforma unii celnej." In Prawo i ryzyko celne. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-233-7/1.
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The reform of the EU customs union. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the changes to the EU customs regulations adopted by the European Commission on May 17, 2023. Design/methodology/approach: Author describes the previous and existing customs codifications from 1992 and 2014. Afterwards, he analyses the reasons for undertaking work on the current reform of the customs union and underlines the work of project groups. Finally, the author presents the structure of the new Customs Code, indicating the most important proposed changes. Findings: The provisions reforming the customs union are a response to situations in recent years, such as Brexit, the pandemic, the increased number of tasks of customs authorities resulting from non-tariff regulations and the massive development of e-commerce. Moreover, they are to prepare the customs service for new challenges, including the centralisation of the most important IT systems and the creation of the EU Customs Agency. Additionally, these provisions are intended to ensure the implementation of the principle of acting as one.
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Barbuto, Raffaella, and Raffaella Arista. "Italy." In Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Through Border Measures. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199288793.003.0016.
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Abstract As a Member State of the European Union, Italy must apply the European Community legislation. In the past, the Italian legislator failed to adopt immediately provisions necessary to put in practice the first generation of Community Regulations on border measures, that is, Regulations (EEC) No 3842/86and 3077/87. In fact, these Regulations became applicable by the Italian customs authorities as late as 1991, when Article 35 of Law No 428 of 29 December 1990appointed the Direzione Generale delle Dogane e Imposte Indirette (General Directorate of Customs and Indirect Taxes), a section of the Ministry of Finance, as the Italian administrative body competent to process applications for action by customs authorities under the Regulations.
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Rzążewska, Dorota, and Zofia Senda. "Poland." In Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Through Border Measures. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199288793.003.0022.
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Abstract Poland’s accession to the European Union—on 1 May 2004—is an important turning point in the transition from national legislation on border measures to the Regulations of European Law. Until 30 April 2004, proceedings conducted by Polish customs authorities in the case of suspected entry into the Polish customs area of infringed goods were based on national law.
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Dorofeieva, L. M., and T. V. Korneva. "FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF REGULATIONS IN THE CUSTOMS SPHERE." In MODERN RESEARCHES: PROGRESS OF THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE AND EXPERIENCE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Izdevniecība “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-43-3/2.3.
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Mazur, Grzegorz. "Reforma systemu celnego Unii Europejskiej." In Droga do zrównoważonej gospodarki światowej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-245-0/16.
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The reform of the EU customs system. In May 2023 the European Commission presented the legislative package of the reforms of the EU customs code. The Commission’s proposal, responding to current challenges in the global trading system, has been the most ambitious reform in the EU customs union’s history since its beginning. The general purpose of the chapter is to identify the main changes to the EU’s customs code resulting from the reforming package. The analysis is based on the texts of legislative proposals prepared by the European Commission that yet must be adopted within the EU’s legislative process. The conducted analysis reveals that the reforming package includes new instruments and solutions that would transform the Union Customs Code to a more digital, integrated and efficient system. The presented proposals include among others the creation of the EU Customs Data Hub and the EU Customs Authority that will create the institutional and operational framework of the renewed EU’s customs system. The proposed legislation provides also for new regulations referring to e-commerce, including the new status of ‘deemed importer’ and modified treatment of goods ordered online from outside the European Union. The UCC reform is also part of a strategic shift within the EU’s Common Commercial Policy towards a more open, sustainable, and assertive trade policy.
Conference papers on the topic "Technical regulations of the customs Union"
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Silovs, Mihails, and Olga Dmitrijeva. "Differences in fishery and aquaculture products, their production and sale technical regulations in Eurasian Economic Union and legislation and practice of the European Union." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.052.
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The mandatory requirements for the fishery and aquaculture products, their production and sale in force in the territory of the Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union (CU EAEU) arise from the regulatory and legal acts of the Eurasian Economic Union and its predecessor - the Customs Union - and apply in a package approach similar to the law of the European Union pertaining to the food safety area. The requirements of the EAEU technical regulations have been analysed taking into account that European exporting enterprises are first of all obliged to comply with the requirements of the listed EU regulatory and legal acts applicable to their production process and products. The aim of this paper was to run a comparative analysis on the mandatory requirements of the food legislation of the European and Customs Unions regarding fishery and aquaculture products, their production and sale. The issues of certification of certain product categories are analysed separately, the requirements for canned fish being highlighted. The analysis is relevant for all fish processing companies which may consider the possibility of starting export to the countries of the CU EAEU and are intended to reduce costs associated with products’ entry into these markets.
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Tsepilova, I. I., B. K. Laipanov, and S. A. Shemyakova. "CASES OF REGISTRATION OF LARVAL CESTODIASIS OF SHEEP AT A SLAUGHTERHOUSE IN THE MOSCOW REGION." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.503-507.
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On the territory of the slaughterhouse located in the Moscow Region, a veterinary
 and sanitary assessment of carcasses and internal organs was carried out in
 accordance with the Customs Union Technical Regulations "On the safety of meat
 and meat products" No. 68 TR CU 034/2013 dated 09/10/2013 for the infection with
 larval cestodiasis. As a result, 3 species of pathogens were recorded: Echinococcus
 granulosus, Cysticercus taenuicollis and Coenurus cerebralis. E. granulosus larvae was
 detected in the parenchymal organs in 211 cases, which corresponds to 42.2%. It is
 worth noting that the blister cavities were localized in the liver in 23.7%, in the lungs
 in 15.6%, and in both organs in 2.9%. From 1 to 8 blisters were found. In addition
 to echinococcosis, coenurus blister cavities were found in 2 animals, and Cysticercus
 tenuicollis, in 22 sheep from the Karachay-Cherkess Republic; the IP was 2.0 and
 22.4%, and tenuicollic cysticercosis infection in the Astrakhan and Volgograd
 Regions was 2.9 and 6.0%, respectively. Such a wide spread of echinococcosis is
 a fairly high indicator for such a particularly dangerous zoonosis, as parenchymal
 organs can be a source of infection for dogs, and subsequently for humans.
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Luca, C. W. F., K. C. van Cranenburgh, and J. D. Correa Aguirre. "ADNOC’s Journey to Turn Social Risk Management into Action." In SPE International Health, Safety, Environment and Sustainability Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/220355-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In 2020, ADNOC started introducing social risk management (SRM) in project delivery and operations to prepare for the increasingly complex social performance demands of local and international stakeholders. Effective implementation requires early assessment of social impacts and proactive engagement of stakeholders, which can only be achieved if all technical and non-technical (outward-looking) disciplines work seamlessly together. This paper describes an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach to achieve this, aligned with international standards, yet adapted to local customs. ADNOC’s HSE Management System was chosen as the backbone of the program to which a dedicated SRM policy and standard were added. This SRM standard includes requirements, processes, reporting templates and tools to perform social impact assessments and engage external stakeholders. Key topics of the standard were aligned with international standards on social performance and stakeholder engagement, and blended with local culture and customs. A company-wide training program, appointment of SRM specialists, and coaching by specialized consultants were provided to support implementation. An internal organizational structure was designed to ensure internal alignment between the various disciplines, a prerequisite for consistent communication with external stakeholders. Implementation of the foundations of the SRM program was completed over a period of three years with external help. Internal resources are now continuing implementation. The prerequisite of internal alignment across all layers of ADNOC was and is the most important and challenging part of the program. ADNOC is a conglomerate of many different companies and ventures in which cross-organizational and cross-disciplinary alignment at operational level does not come naturally. Therefore, the program design had to address both the organizational and behavioral aspects of this situation. The speed of implementation could only happen thanks to strong and direct involvement of ADNOC senior management. Several more years are needed until SRM is fully embedded as a new discipline, adequately resourced and experienced, and until its policy and procedures are implemented as a matter of business-as-usual, not only within ADNOC, but also amongst its partners, suppliers and contractors. In addition, SRM will need to be kept up to date with international developments such as new directives by the European Union that are turning international standards into regulation. ADNOC’s program is the first and most comprehensive approach to social performance in the Gulf region that successfully blends local customs and international requirements for social performance. A key novelty of the program is the organizational model that enhances internal cooperation and alignment between disciplines and operating companies in ADNOC to ensure consistency of implementation and a single voice to external stakeholders.
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Pirimbaev, Jusup, and Zalkar Kamalov. "Organizational Problems of The Eurasian Economic Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02076.
Full textAbstract:
In terms of the implementation of the Eurasian Economic Union integration along with positive processes of economic relationship convergence, development of standards and regulations of customs procedures and the resolution of contentious issues, there are organizational problems that are needed to be addressed. Nowadays, a lot of issues related to supra-national governance remain open due to the lack of regulation or its inadequate elaboration, while no solutions are offered for them, and many projects remain stopped. This article focuses specifically on the solutions to those problems and emphasizes the list of them that are designed for the future solution, as well as the need to integrate activities for addressing those issues with the participation of all the members of the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on the analysis of today's relationships among the members of the Eurasian Economic Union, appropriate conclusions, proposals and recommendations are made for further relationship improvement and development by considering the perspectives of voluntary joining and integration of other countries into the Eurasian Economic Union.
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Dakić, Dragan. "AVATARI KAO PRUŽAOCI USLUGA: MEĐUNARODNOPRAVNI ASPEKTI." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.399d.
Full textAbstract:
We will consider in this paper the legal issues associated to the use of avatars in service provision procedures. Namely, the service sector is constantly searching for process optimization and increasing efficiency, and avatars can be used to provide a wide range of services in both the public and private sectors. Their advantages are numerous and some of them are the increase in efficiency and internal process optimization, the elimination of human errors, corruption and fraud, the possibility of providing more accessible and inclusive services with a high degree of personalization. In the European Union, artificial intelligence and avatars are used in the provision of three levels of services in the public sector, namely those of an economic, non-economic and social nature. In Serbia, we already see avatars as service providers of customer services in the public sector in the form of so-called chatbots, e.g. to assist taxpayers with various tax matters, such as filing tax returns, paying taxes and obtaining tax forms through the IRS website or for information regarding enrollment, scholarships and other education-related matters through the Ministry of Education bot, of science and technological development of Serbia. Certainly, the benefits of using these systems were first noticed by the private sector in areas such as e-marketing and e-sales. Considering the technical characteristics and purpose, avatars whose functioning is based on reactive, weak VI with limited memory are on a legal level with slightly more advanced mediums for delivering pre- typed information or ordering goods whose function is thereby exhausted. Because of the above, general or special regulations that regulate the circulation of the services and goods in question are relevant for all related issues. In contrast to this, the legal situation arising from the use of avatars whose functioning is based on intelligent, strong, super VI is much more complex because it opens up numerous issues such as those related to privacy protection and informed consent, but also status issues of the VI itself, which is why the spectrum of authoritative of legal regulations is much wider here. After the introductory clarifications of the research subject and the current situation in the development of the regulatory framework, in the next part of the paper we will consider some of the general legal challenges of the use of VIs that are also transposed to avatars. In this part of the paper, we will also present the main regulatory frameworks that seek to legally regulate the issue of the use of VI. After defining the general challenges and regulatory frameworks, we make the discussion concrete by considering issues that are directly relevant to the legal aspects of the use of avatars. In this part of the paper, we proposed the definition of this entity and explained the legal significance of its elements. The potential risks of using avatars in the virtual space and metaverse are presented, while ways to overcome them are also discussed.
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Potorac, Doina. "The role of DCFTA in the development of the national economy of the Republic of Moldova." In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359023.05.
Full textAbstract:
Moldova-EU free trade agreement implies gradual liberalization (up to 10 years from signing) of trade in goods and services, free movement of labor, reduction of customs duties, technical and non-tariff barriers, abolition of quantitative restrictions and harmonization of EU acquisitions. Thus, the DCFTA (Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union) is part of the European Association Agreement and brings additional economic benefits to the Republic of Moldova.
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Abramović, Borna, and Kristijan Šugić. "Challenges for organisation of container trains between China and European Union." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1400.
Full textAbstract:
In the last few years, maritime transport between China and European Union has experienced huge capacity limitations and enormous delays. An alternative has emerged in railway transport. Currently, railway transport is less time consuming but is more expensive. So, there are optimisation challenges in organising transport of goods between China and European Union. Naturally, only goods in containers are transferred to railway transport as they will probably be able to bear the more expensive transport costs considering the reduction in transport time. Since 2013, China has been implementing the Belt and Road Initiative strategic plan to create a single market. One part of the plan also refers to establishing land connections, mainly by railway, between China and the European Union. There are currently four main corridors: (1) Northern, (2) Mongolian, (3) Southern, and (4) the New Silk Road. The most significant challenges can be divided into technical and organisational. The main technical challenge is the different track gauges that cause loading limits and loading gauge issues. The main organisational challenge is different customs procedures, operational rules, and administration tasks. This paper analyses the corridors used for railway transport of containers between Asia and European Union. We tackle issues regarding the technical and organisational obstacles. We have analysed container equipment, transloading equipment, railway vehicles, and terminals on the technical side. After that, we collected and analysed statistical data regarding traffic flows. We made a detailed analysis of the organisational process. According to our analysis, we have proposed organisational improvements that facilitate the overall transport of containers between China and European Union.
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ALEXE, Cătălina-Monica, and Cătălin-George ALEXE. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BETWEEN CONTROVERSIES AND REGULATIONS." In International Conference of Management and Industrial Engineering. Editura Niculescu, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/11icmie2023.26.
Full textAbstract:
The paper aims to present the results of the studies carried out over time worldwide, and especially in the last seven years, when the field of artificial intelligence begins to produce consequences of which human society begins to be aware, and for which it is imperative to the field to be regulated legislatively. In our country, Romania, the first National Strategy on AI was drawn up in 2019, but real concerns were manifested only in 2022. At the level of the European Union, the EU Act on AI of July 28th, 2023, wants to regulate work with AI. Academics are concerned about various unclear elements in the proposal, such as the broad definition of what constitutes AI, and fear the legal implications, in particular, for vulnerable groups such as patients and immigrants. The law classifies AI applications into four risk groups: low, limited, high, and unacceptable. The problem of bias in machine learning is likely to become more significant as technology spreads to critical fields such as medicine and law and as more people without deep technical understanding are tasked with implementing it. Some experts warn that algorithmic bias is already pervasive in many industries and that almost no one is trying to identify or correct it. Some solutions are mentioned to deal with the challenges caused by AI and rapid technological development affecting jobs.
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Kondo, Kenji, Leonid Japs, Peter Lienerth, Takahiro Kitahara, Suguru Fukushima, and Yoshinori Otsuki. "Technical Improvements of Portable Emissions Measurement System for Solid Particle Number Larger than 10 nm." In 2023 JSAE/SAE Powertrains, Energy and Lubricants International Meeting. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-32-0024.
Full textAbstract:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the introduction of the first Particle Number (PN) regulation for solid particles larger than 23 nm (SPN23) in the European Union (EU), the trend to introduce and strengthen PN regulations has spread globally. PN was added to the regulated components in the European Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulation in 2017. Furthermore, the scope of the EU regulation will be expanded to include solid particles larger than 10 nm (SPN10) in the future. The authors have previously developed a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) capable of measuring SPN23. Since measurement of 10 nm PN by PEMS will also be necessary in the future regulations, The authors developed a 10 nm PN-PEMS. In this paper, the technical improvements and the basic performance of the developed 10 nm PN-PEMS are described. The results of SPN10 measurement tests which have been performed on different kinds of vehicles are presented. The developed 10 nm PN-PEMS showed good correlation with a stationary SPN10 measurement system.</div></div>
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Aanstoos, Ted A. "Management Challenges in Emerging European Union Eco-Standards." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52115.
Full textAbstract:
The European Union is 450 million citizens in 25 otherwise sovereign countries, but connected in a multinational federal metastate that claims a combined economy in excess of $9 trillion (US), making it one of the world’s largest economies. As a community faced with massive decontamination and re-industrialization from devastating wars, Europe places due emphasis on issues of environmental sustainability and pollution prevention. Under broad policy guidelines of the New Approach and Integrated Product Planning frameworks, the European Commission is drafting legislation that will mandate eco-standards for all energized end-use equipment for sale in the internal market. These proposed standards may raise controversy in many industry sectors and international arenas (including within Europe itself) because they may not be based on sound and accepted scientific analysis, because they may constitute a de-facto violation at least in spirit of the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, and because nobody can yet predict their cost impact and other market effect. Compliance with these emerging energy efficiency regulations will impose considerable management requirements on manufacturers as they devise documentation and certification programs for their products that are likely to be of a scope similar to ISO 14000. This paper assesses the new requirements from a product and design management perspective.
Reports on the topic "Technical regulations of the customs Union"
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Hertel, Thomas, Terrie Walmsley, and Ken Itakura. Dynamic Effects of the "New Age" Free Trade Agreement between Japan and Singapore. GTAP Working Paper, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp15.
Full textAbstract:
As manufacturing tariffs have fallen worldwide, the focus of free trade agreements has shifted towards other issues, including: rules governing foreign investment, e-commerce regulations, trade in services, harmonization of technical standards, sanitary and phyto-sanitary regulations, and the streamlining of customs procedures. Japan and Singapore are undertaking negotiations over this kind of "new-age" FTA. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the FTA on production, consumption, trade, international investment flows, GDP and welfare. We use a modified version of the dynamic GTAP model, which is well-suited to capturing the impact of this new-age FTA over both the short run and the longer run.
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Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei, and Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.
Full textAbstract:
Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparities, ahead of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Phase II Negotiations, African countries have been considering the best way to harmonise regulations on issues related to digital trade. To do this effectively, AfCFTA members need to identify where divergencies exist in their domestic regulatory systems. This will allow AfCFTA members to determine where harmonisation is possible, as well as what is needed to achieve such harmonisation. This report analyses the domestic regulations and policies of four focus countries – South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal – comparing their regulatory approaches to five policy issues: i) regulation of online transactions; ii) cross-border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection; iii) access to source code and technology transfer; iv) intermediary liability; and v) customs duties on electronic transmissions. The study highlights where divergencies exist in adopted approaches, indicating the need for the four countries – and AfCFTA members in general – to carefully consider the implications of the divergences, and determine where it is possible and beneficial to harmonise approaches. This was intended to encourage AfCFTA member states to take ownership of these issues and reflect on the reforms needed. As seen in Table 1 below, the study shows that the four countries diverge on most of the five policy issues. There are differences in how all four countries regulate online transactions – that is, e-signatures and online consumer protection. Nigeria was the only country out of the four to recognise all types of e-signatures as legally equivalent. Kenya and Senegal only recognise specific e-signatures, which are either issued or validated by a recognised institution, while South Africa adopts a mixed approach, where it recognises all e-signatures as legally valid, but provides higher evidentiary weight to certain types of e-signatures. Only South Africa and Senegal have specific regulations relating to online consumer protection, while Nigeria and Kenya do not have any clear rules. With regards to cross border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection, the study shows that all four focus countries have regulations that consist of elements borrowed from the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, this was regarding the need for the data subject's consent, and also the adequacy requirement. Interestingly, the study also shows that South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria also adopt data localisation measures, although at different levels of strictness. South Africa’s data localisation laws are mostly imposed on data that is considered critical – which is then required to be processed within South African borders – while Nigeria requires all data to be processed and stored locally, using local servers. Kenya imposes data localisation measures that are mostly linked to its priority for data privacy. Out of the four focus countries, Senegal is the only country that does not impose any data localisation laws. Although the study shows that all four countries share a position on customs duties on electronic transmissions, it is also interesting to note that none of the four countries currently have domestic regulations or policies on the subject. The report concludes by highlighting that, as the AfCFTA Phase II Negotiations aim to arrive at harmonisation and to improve intra-African trade and international trade, AfCFTA members should reflect on their national policies and domestic regulations to determine where harmonisation is needed, and whether AfCFTA is the right platform for achieving this efficiently.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.
Full textAbstract:
The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.