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Gábrová, Lenka. "Analýza technických požadavků na stavby se zaměřením na stavební fyziku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232686.
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The Thesis "Analysis of Technical Requirements for Buildings with focus on Building Physics" deals with the solution of masonry and monolithic residential buildings in terms of building physic requirements primarily listed in Decree No.268/2009 Coll and in Czech technical standards.
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Egnell, Karl. "Standardized Technical Building Requirement." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129579.
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Denna rapport behandlar tekniska beskrivningar. Främst med fokus på problematiken för att skapa dessa på national men även global nivå samt utvecklingspotentialen med att standardisera dessa. Rapporten inriktar sig på stora industriella aktörer med en repetitiv hantering av byggprojekt för att på minsta möjliga sätt hindra sin kärnverksamhet men även underlätta utveckling och utökning av sin produktion. Rapporten tar upp fördelar men även potentiella nackdelar med ett standardiserat förfarande, därigenom vad företag måste tänka på och säkerställa för att få en fungerande och utvecklande process. I syfte att motivera företagens arbete med standardiserade beskrivningar visar rapporten vilka riktvärden som kan påverkas. Riktvärden som baseras på kompetenta personers erfarenhet inom branschen. Med detta förklaras även vikten i att sätta upp mål för utvecklingen och samtidigt processer för att följa upp så att uppsatta mål uppnås men även återkopplas genom erfarenhetsåterföring och revidering. Tre större industriella aktörer har medverkat i arbetet med rapporten, alla tre med ett stort fokus på vad en standardisering kan innebära för deras verksamhet. Där av har rapportens kärndelar anpassats efter att stämma överens med företagens frågeställningar. Då tekniska beskrivningar inom branschen inte är något nytt fenomen men att standardisera dessa ännu ej är i bruk, konstateras att ämnet måste undersökas mer samt testas i praktiken för att helt kunna följa upp att företagen mål uppnås. Dock kan av rapportens slutsatser dras att det finns stora besparingar och effektiviseringar som potentiellt kan påverkas. Detta med utgångspunkt av digniteten för de projekt företagen kommer i kontakt med.
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Al-Fahad, Jasem Y. "Reform of building codes, regulations, administration and enforcement in Kuwait : within the legal, administrative, technical & social framework." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9883.
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The majority of building code development and implementation practices are normally connected with the progress of construction community changing awareness, needs and perspectives, advanced technology in construction and new level of knowledge. Unproven practices and the technology of building code development and implementation in case of insufficient and outdated codes, the use of unproven advanced codes of other countries, or the infringement of the existing codes, in most cases, could lead to a large number of shortcomings of minimum requirements of public health, safety and general welfare, and poor quality of buildings. Every aspect of a building code development and implementation practice could be influenced by insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations that could cause buildings failures. Generally, the success of a building code development and implementation practice is directly connected with the involved insufficiencies and infringements in the framework of building code (legal, Administrative, technical, & social), i.e. faults of building code development and implementation should be successfully resolved in order to come to an end of a building project assuring code's objectives (public health, safety and general welfare). One of the early research problems of building code development and implementation practice was conducted by Productivity Commission (2004) where the research organized and categorized the causes of shortcomings of BC according to four main functions of building code, including legal, administrative, technical, and social functions. Productivity Commission Research had been the starting point of research problems of building codes in Kuwait. For the past 20 years, many researchers have high numbers of categories, components and rankings to explain different types of insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations. However, these categories and rankings produce inconsistent and overlapping cause and impact factors. In addition, researchers and practitioners at this point tend to focus on the technical and administrative sides related to the issues of building codes development and implementation, and neglecting the importance of legal and social sides. Legal issues like finding a law to prepare and enforce building codes, cover of insurance companies, building materials testing system, weak regulations related issues, building specifications, and clarity of regulation texts; as well as social issues like community awareness, issuing and enforcing legal court rules, deterrent punishments for violators, violations or cheatings in related issues, all of these were deemed not that critical by most reviewers. The research is specifically concerned with the insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations which cause shortcomings of minimum requirements of public health, safety and general welfare, and how related cause and impact factors are selected and organized. Existing research highlights the need for further researches of how to relate between research and building regulations that are at present. There is evidence that construction industries around the world have little experience in this area (CIB TG37, 2001). The proposal within this research is to address this aspect of the debate by seeking to clarify the role of the four functions of building code; legal, administrative, technical, and social function as a frame of reference that stakeholder parties (building officials, design and construction professionals) might agree with and which should act as the basis for the selection and formation of occurrences of cause factors, and their iv impact on public health, safety and general welfare. The focus on the four functions of building code as a fault (cause) frame of reference potentially leads to a common, practical view of the (multi) dimensionality setting of fault (cause) within which cause factors may be identified and which, we believe, could be grounded across a wide range of practices specifically in this research of building code development and implementation. The research surveyed and examined the opinions of building officials, design and construction professionals. We assess which fault (cause) factors are most likely to occur in building and construction projects; evaluate fault (cause) impact by assessing which fault (cause) factors that building officials, design and construction professionals specifically think are likely to arise in the possibility of shortcomings of minimum requirements of public health, safety and general welfare. The data obtained were processed, analyzed and ranked. By using the EXCEL and SPSS for factor analysis, all the fault (cause) factors were reduced and groups into clusters and components for further correlation analysis. The analysis was able to prove an opinion on fault (cause) likelihood, the impact of the fault (cause) on the objectives of building code. The analysis indicates that it is possible to identify grouping of insufficiencies and infringements in building codes/regulations that is correspondent to the different parts of the framework of building code (legal, Administrative, technical, & social) these suggest three identified groups when viewing cause from the likelihood occurrence and four identified groups and their impact for each building code objective. The evidence related to the impact of building code objectives, view of cause, and provides a stronger view of which components of cause were important compared with cause likelihood. The research accounts for the difference by suggesting that a more selection and formation of cause and impact, offered by viewing cause within the context of a framework of building code, and viewing impact within the context of building code objectives (public health, safety and general welfare) allows those involved in building code development and implementation to have an understandable view of the relationships within cause factors, and between cause and impact factors. It also allows the various cause components and the associated emergent clusters to be more readily identified. The contribution of the research relates to the assessment of cause within a construction that is defined in the context of a fairly broad accepted view of the framework of building code (legal, Administrative, technical, & social). The fault (cause) likelihood construction is based on the building code framework proposed in this research and could facilitates a focus on roles and responsibilities, and allows the coordination and integration of activities for regular development and implementation with the building code goals. This contribution would better enable building officials and code writers to identify and manage faults (causes) as they emerge with BC aspects/parts and more closely reflect building and construction activities and processes and facilitate the fault (cause) administration exercise.
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Burdová, Jana. "Hotel v Horské Kvildě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226205.
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Diploma thesis “The hotel in Horská Kvilda” is elaborated in form of project documentation which includes all requirements of given standards. The object is placed on plat number 195/1 in Horská Kvilda. The character of the object is simple brick building. With it´s height the object corresponds with the build up area. It is three – floor house with partial basement. In the cellar is situated technical background of hotel. In the ground floor there is restaurant and it´s operational foul territory, the staff foul territory and the store rooms. In the second floor there are rooms for guests. In the third floor there are just rooms for guests. The thesis is worked up as complete implementation building plan.
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Pfleger, Jaroslav. "Soubor řadových NED domů pro bydlení - lokalita "vinohrady" ve Vážanech nad Litavou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225797.
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Diploma´s thesis “ A set of row attached low energy houses for living in Vážany nad Litavou ” is elaborated in form of project documentation which includes all requirements of given standards. The object is placed on plat number 1746 in cadastral community Vážany nad Litavou. The character of the object is brick building. The building is covered gabled roof. It is two-floor house with no cellar. There is living room, kitchen, bedroom with it´s own sanitary facility and technical room in the ground floor. There are bedrooms with sanitary facilities in the second floor. The thesis is worked up as a complete implementation building plan.
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Gorschek, Tony. "Requirements engineering supporting technical product management /." Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2006. http://www.bth.se/fou/Forskinfo.nsf/allfirst2/8b9d14ce365694b1c125714d0045ea0f?OpenDocument.
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Dopierala, Magdalena. "Heritage buildings’ retrofitting according to ENERPHIT requirements." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14447.
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Mestrado em Engenharia CivilThis thesis refers to the applying of Passive house concept to a old building from the early twentieth century in Polish climate, focusing on city of Jarocin. All work is based on the EnerPHit requirements for buildings retrofitting (Certification thermomodernization with approved quality using quality components for passive construction - EnerPHit) The aim of this study is to reach solutions to solve the problem of achiving low heating demand for old building in colder climate, according EnerPhit requirements. The study began with the introduction to Passive House concepts for new and retrofitted buildings. Therefore, the examples of construction solutions, materials and the thermal performance comparison between them have been described. The software “Passive House Planning Package” has been adopted for the thermal balance calculation. Summarizing, this study presents the Passive House concept for building retrofitting, which focus on an historical old building, located in central of Poland, and conclude for the possible achivement of this standard requirements.
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Hansen, Sean William. "A Socio-Technical Perspective on Requirements Engineering." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291749802.
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Andersson, Alexandra. "Green Building : Ett företags energieffektiviseringsarbete i ett byggprojekt samt de krav som ställs för att få byggnaden Green Building klassad." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7875.
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The examination has been performed at Bjerking AB, which is an architectural and engineering company. Bjerking AB has the ambition to be a member of Green Building.
The Green Building program developed in year 2005 by The European Commission, the program is an environmental system with the aim to improving energy efficiency within the sectors of non-residential buildings. The minimum requirements to participate the program are following: in new-built buildings the calculated energy consumption must be 25 % lower than the requirements in the BBR (Building regulations) and in refurbishment the reduction must be 25 % lower than before the optimization.
The aim of this study has been to examine and review the company Bjerking AB's energy efficiency work in the project of building the school/kindergarten S:ta Maria Alsike, where the goal is to get this building Green Building classed. A description of requirements to become a member of the Green Building has also accomplished in the thesis.
The methods performed in this study are literature review, searches on the Internet, studies on the project database for facts/values, calculation of energy consumption and interviews of members of the Green Building.
The following issues have been dealt with in the report;
- Did the building in the project manage the requirement to achieve an energy consumption that is 25% lower than the requirements in BBR?
- What technical measures/system was selected in the building?
- What kind of cooperation was the project based on?
- What is required for consultancy companies and real estate owners to become members of the Green Building?
The study of the project and calculation of estimated energy consumption in the building, give the result 47 kWh/m2, year. This is 60 % lower than the requirements of BBR. The Green Building requirement is that the building's energy consumption should be at least 25% less than the requirements in BBR. The building fulfills this requirement by a significant margin. It can therefore be concluded that the technical solutions carried out in the building are energy efficient. The project consisted of the cooperation shape “partnering ", which can be assumed to be a good form of cooperation in order to achieve an energy efficient building. The consultancy company Bjerking AB and the landlord Knivsta Pastorat has the potential to become members of Green Building, as Green Building Endorser respective Green Building Partner.
Keywords: energy efficiency, requirements of BBR, technical systems, cooperation, consultancy companies, real estate owners, estimated energy consumption, partnering, Green Building Partner, Green Building Endorser.
Utbildningsprogram: Civilingenjör i samhällsteknik, 180 p (270 hp).
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Ploskic, Adnan. "Technical solutions for low-temperature heat emission in buildings." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Strömnings- och klimatteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133221.
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The European Union is planning to greatly decrease energy consumption during the coming decades. The ultimate goal is to create sustainable communities that are energy neutral. One way of achieving this challenging goal may be to use efficient hydronic (water-based) heating systems supported by heat pumps. The main objective of the research reported in this work was to improve the thermal performance of wall-mounted hydronic space heaters (radiators). By improving the thermal efficiency of the radiators, their operating temperatures can be lowered without decreasing their thermal outputs. This would significantly improve efficiency of the heat pumps, and thereby most probably also reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Thus, by improving the efficiency of radiators, energy sustainability of our society would also increase. The objective was also to investigate how much the temperature of the supply water to the radiators could be lowered without decreasing human thermal comfort. Both numerical and analytical modeling was used to map and improve the thermal efficiency of the analyzed radiator system. Analyses have shown that it is possible to cover space heat losses at low outdoor temperatures with the proposed heating-ventilation systems using low-temperature supplies. The proposed systems were able to give the same heat output as conventional radiator systems but at considerably lower supply water temperature. Accordingly, the heat pump efficiency in the proposed systems was in the same proportion higher than in conventional radiator systems. The human thermal comfort could also be maintained at acceptable level at low-temperature supplies with the proposed systems. In order to avoid possible draught discomfort in spaces served by these systems, it was suggested to direct the pre-heated ventilation air towards cold glazed areas. By doing so the draught discomfort could be efficiently neutralized. Results presented in this work clearly highlight the advantage of forced convection and high temperature gradients inside and alongside radiators - especially for low-temperature supplies. Thus by a proper combination of incoming air supply and existing radiators a significant decrease in supply water temperature could be achieved without decreasing the thermal output from the system. This was confirmed in several studies in this work. It was also shown that existing radiator systems could successfully be combined with efficient air heaters. This also allowed a considerable reduction in supply water temperature without lowering the heat output of the systems. Thus, by employing the proposed methods, a significant improvement of thermal efficiency of existing radiator systems could be accomplished. A wider use of such combined systems in our society would reduce the distribution heat losses from district heating networks, improve heat pump efficiency and thereby most probably also lower carbon dioxide emissions.QC 20131029
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Fath, Karoline [Verfasser]. "Technical and economic potential for photovoltaic systems on buildings / Karoline Fath." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2018. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
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Nei, Clayton C. "Designing technology education curriculum based upon manufacturing/industries requirements." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008neic.pdf.
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DeWitt, James E. "Math requirements to perform selected occupations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40329.
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Huang, Haibin. "Study of reinforced concrete building demolition methods and code requirements." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5167.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 64 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-59).
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Summers, Sarah E. "Systems theoretic process analysis applied to Air Force acquisition technical requirements development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118517.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 183-184).
The Air Force experienced 12 Class A aviation mishaps in 2016, which resulted in 16 fatalities and 9 destroyed aircraft. So far in 2017, The Air Force has again experienced 12 Class A mishaps with 5 fatalities and 7 destroyed aircraft. (1) In addition to these mishaps, development of new aircraft or modifications to aircraft often take well over the planned duration. Developmental test identifies design deficiencies that must be addressed before the aircraft is fielded, which requires expensive and lengthy redesign cycles. A systems approach to design with humans included as part of the system can improve both the development process and aviation safety. Such an approach was created by Professor Nancy Leveson at MIT and is called Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). STPA is shown to be applicable to the Air Force acquisitions process throughout the product lifecycle. STPA is also compliant with the airworthiness handbook, MIL-HDBK-516C, and STPA documentation is beneficial to the airworthiness certification inspectors. STPA is applied to two use cases. One is a conceptual JSTARS aircraft, and the other is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that was modified from a general aviation aircraft. The Air Force is currently in source selection for a replacement to the JSTARS aircraft. The high-level STPA analysis is for a functional replacement to the JSTARS aircraft, as would be needed early in the acquisitions process. Additionally, accidents, hazards, and a safety control structure are developed for the JSTARS support system. The UAV analysis is more detailed, and provides information that is necessary during the Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction phase of an acquisition process.
by Sarah E. Summers.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Cepulis, Darius. "Creating Socio-Technical Patches for Information Foraging: A Requirements Traceability Case Study." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin153537889647146.
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Haque, Mohammed Ansarul. "An investigation of fresh air ventilation requirements for air-conditioned buildings in Singapore." Thesis, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326153.
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Bylund, Markus. "A Design Rationale for Pervasive Computing - User Experience, Contextual Change, and Technical Requirements." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS), Department of Computer & Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259.
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Madangombe, Taruziwa. "Integration of wind energy systems into the grid: power quality and technical requirements." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6661.
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The integration of wind energy into the utility network has increased significantly over the past years largely as a result of the increasing environmental concerns arising from the use of fossil fuels, coupled with the anticipated global increase in oil. In South Africa, the wind energy industry is still in its infancy, with the Klipheuwel (about 3.2 MW) and Darling (about 4.2 MW) wind farms being the only grid connected projects in the country. However, grid integration studies carried out in [1] have shown that there are over 7 000 MW potential ideas for wind power in the Western Cape alone and this is a clear indication that there is a growing interest in wind development locally. The Government has also set a 4% target for the development of the renewable energy in the country by 2013. In light of the above, this thesis discusses some of the technical requirements and power quality issues that need to be addressed in order to fully integrate wind power into the network without adversely affecting the operation of the grid. These have been researched through reviewing the various standards and grid codes for wind power that have been implemented in other leading countries, in order to identify some of the requirements that can be adapted to suit our local integration process. Some of the main technical issues that are discussed in this thesis include the strength of the grid (fault levels), permitted penetration levels, choice of wind turbine and the reactive power requirements of the network. All these issues contribute towards the resolution of the impact of wind turbines on the power quality of the network, especially at the point of common coupling or connection (PCC). Various power quality phenomena were discussed in the literature but the ones that were further investigated included the voltage level profile, harmonic distortions as well as reactive power requirements from the wind turbines. These were determined both during the steady operation of the network and during a network disturbance.
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Söderholm, Peter. "Continuous improvements of complex technical systems : aspects of stakeholder requirements and system functions." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17487.
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In today's society we are all strongly dependent on correct functions of technical systems. These systems tend to increase in both complexity and criticality, at the same time as they often have a rather long life. During this long life the stakeholders' requirements on the functions of the systems change. In order to maintain a high level of stakeholder satisfaction organisations responsible for the system have to respond to the changes through system development and continuous improvements. When the technical system is both complex and critical it is even more important that the work with continuous improvements is done in a systemic and systematic way. This is because a modification may result in unwanted side effects and a small change in one part of the system may have a major negative impact on many other parts of the system, and also have far reaching decisive consequences. The purpose of this thesis is to explore and describe how an organisation can work with continuous improvements of complex technical system functions in the context of changing stakeholder requirements, in order to increase stakeholder satisfaction with a reduced amount of resources. To fulfil the stated purpose a case study supported by a literature study has been made. The case study focused on a modern combat aircraft, which is considered as a highly complex and safety critical system with stringent requirements on low life cycle cost. The result of the study may be described in two parts. The first part is a theoretical management framework that combines aspects of Quality Management, Requirements Management, and Health Management. The framework describes on a conceptual level how the work with continuous improvements may be enhanced through synergism achieved by the combination. The second part, which is based on both theoretical and empirical findings, is a model intended to support the work with continuous improvements. The model includes a number of combined and adapted methodologies and tools that enable traceability between stakeholder requirements and the critical system functions that should be covered by tools that support Condition Monitoring, Diagnostics, and Prognostics.
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Wickström, Maria, and Taimi Zahharov. "Konflikten mellan bevarandekrav och tilläggsisolering : The conflict between conservation requirements and additional insulation." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124427.
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Sweden has formulated ambitious energy goals which signify that by year 2050 the energy usage should be halved. One of the objectives is the reduction of energy usage by 20% by year 2020 and that it should be compared to the usage of energy from 1995. In parallel with increased energy requirements for buildings the demand on housing conservation, by highlighting also buildings from the last 50 years as part of the building heritage, continues to enhance, which in theory means that there is a conflict between these. The law will never be able to point out unique buildings and PBL (planning and building act) is not especially concrete. The National Housing Board has tried to make this more concrete by the new BBR regulations though there are still an enormous variety of interpretations. This report deals with the conflict between conservation requirements and additional insulation of the building envelope and is limited to multi-residential buildings built between the years 1945 and 1975. It is the stock with the greatest energy consumption and that is where the big challenge lies. The question is whether in practice it is no conflict between conservation requirements and additional insulation of the building envelope and what it in this case depends. With the support of background facts, interview questions were formulated for different participants. By interviews with property-owners, municipalities and other partners it has been shown that the creation of zoning determines whether a property has been preserved. In municipalities with a metropolitan character the interest in conservation issues are the greatest and Stockholm municipality distinguishes itself, providing significant space in regards to this subject. The smaller municipalities do not believe in that the preservation of our multi-residential buildings are central but that there lies a greater problem in areal density and that eventually great portions of the genuine country will disappear. Only in isolated cases, conservation requirements became an obstacle in performing façade renovations. Property owners are interested in the conservation issue; however, it must be weighed against the economic condition and therefore is it in sight of what is a good conservation.Sverige har formulerat ambitiösa energimål som innebär att till år 2050 ska energianvändningen halveras, där ett delmål är minskning med 20 % till år 2020 och det ska jämföras med energianvändningen från år 1995. Parallellt med ökade energikrav för byggnader ställs det även allt högre krav på husens bevarande, vilket teoretiskt innebär att det ligger en konflikt mellan dessa. Lagen kommer aldrig att kunna peka ut unika byggnader och PBL (plan- och bygglagen) är inte särskilt konkret. Nu har Boverket försökt konkretisera genom nya BBR reglerna, men det finns ändå oerhört mycket plats för tolkningar. Denna rapport behandlar konflikten mellan bevarandekrav och tilläggsisolering av klimatskalet och är begränsad till flerbostadshus byggda mellan åren 1945 och 1975. Det är det bestånd som har störst energiåtgång och det är där den stora utmaningen ligger. Frågan är om det i praktiken ligger någon konflikt mellan bevarandekrav och tilläggsisolering av klimatskalet och vad den i så fall beror på? Med stöd av bakgrundsfakta har intervjufrågor formulerats till olika aktörer. I intervjuer med fastighetsägare, kommuner och övriga parter har det visat sig att utformningen av detaljplanen är avgörande för om en fastighet kan bevaras. I kommuner med storstadskaraktär är intresset för bevarandefrågorna störst och Stockholms kommun utmärker sig, där dessa frågor getts störst utrymme. De mindre kommunerna anser inte att bevarandet av våra flerbostadshus är centralt utan där är det ett större problem att områdena förtätas och att på sikt stora delar av den genuina landsbygden kommer att försvinna. Endast i enstaka fall har bevarandekraven blivit ett hinder för att utföra fasadrenoveringar. Fastighetsägare är intresserade för bevarande frågan men detta måste vägas mot ekonomiska förutsättningar och därför skiljer det i synen om vad som är ett gott bevarande
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Bishop, Cliff Douglas. "Flange bracing requirements for metal building systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47665.
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The analysis and design of bracing systems for complex frame geometries typically found in metal buildings can prove to be an arduous task given current methods. The American Institute of Steel Construction's Appendix 6 from the 2010 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings affords engineers a means for determining brace strength and stiffness requirements, but only for the most basic cases. Specifically, there are a number of aspects of metal building systems that place their designs outside the scope of AISC's Appendix 6 (Stability Bracing for Columns and Beams). Some of the aspects not considered by Appendix 6 include: the use of web-tapered members, the potential for unequally spaced or unequal stiffness bracing, combination of bracing types including panel and flange diagonal bracing, and the effects of continuity across brace points. In this research, an inelastic eigenvalue buckling procedure is developed for calculation of the ideal bracing stiffness demands in general framing systems. Additionally, the software provides a method of calculating the elastic lateral-torsional buckling load of members with generally stepped and tapered cross-sections, which satisfies an important need for rigorous design assessment. Extensive benchmarking to load-deflection simulations of geometrically imperfect systems is performed and recommendations are developed for determining the required design stiffness and strength of the bracing components based on the use of this type of computational tool.
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Allard, Ingrid. "Achieving building energy performance : requirements and evaluation methods for residential buildings in Sweden, Norway, and Finland." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103749.
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Building energy performance has always been important in the cold climate of Sweden, Norway and Finland. To meet the goal that all new buildings should be nearly zero-energy buildings by 2020, set in the EU directive 2010/31/EU [1] on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD recast), the building sector in Europe now faces a transition towards buildings with improved energy performance. In such a transition, a discussion is needed about the objective of the improvement – why, or to what end, the building energy performance should be improved. The objective of improving building energy performance is often a political decision, but scientific research can contribute with knowledge on how the objectives can be achieved. This thesis addresses how the indicators used in the requirements used to achieve building energy performance in Sweden, Norway, and Finland, and the methods used to evaluate these requirements, reflect building energy performance. It also addresses difficulties in achieving comparable and verifiable indicators in evaluations of building energy performance. The research objective has two parts: to review, compare, and discuss (i) requirements and (ii) evaluation methods used to achieve energy performance of residential buildings in Sweden, Norway and Finland. The work in this thesis includes reviews of the requirements used in national building codes and passive house criteria to achieve building energy performance, of methods used to evaluate compliance with such requirements, and of methods used specifically to evaluate the indicator Envelope Air Tightness. The results show that different sets of indicators are used to achieve building energy performance in the studied building codes and passive house criteria. The methods used to evaluate compliance with requirements used to achieve building energy performance are also different, but calculation methods are generally more often used than measurement methods. The calculation- and measurement methods used are often simple. A methodology to analyze the deviation between predictions- and measurements of building energy performance (the performance gap) was developed, to investigate the effects of different evaluation methods on different indicators used to achieve building energy performance. The methodology was tested in a case-study. This study indicated that the choice of method affects which parts of the performance gap reflected in the indicators Supplied Energy (see Terminology), Net Energy (see Terminology), and Overall U-value. Among the reviewed methods to evaluate air tightness, the Fan/Blower Door Pressurization is well known and preferred by professionals in the field. The results in this thesis may be useful when choosing indicators and evaluation methods to achieve different objectives of improving building energy performance and in the quest towards comparable and verifiable indicators used to achieve building energy performance.Increasing Energy Efficiency in Buildings (IEEB)
Sustainable Buildings for the High North (SBHN)
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Tran, Dai Quang. "Toward improved flange bracing requirements for metal building frame systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33908.
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This research investigates the application of the AISC Direct Analysis Method for stability bracing design of columns, beams, beam-columns and frames. Emphasis is placed on out-of-plane flange bracing design in metal building frame systems. Potential improvements and extensions to the 2005 AISC Appendix 6 stability bracing provisions are studied and evaluated. The structural attributes considered include various general conditions encountered in practical metal building design: unequal brace spacing, unequal brace stiffness, nonprismatic member geometry, variable axial load or bending moment along the member length, cross-section double or single symmetry, combined bending and axial load, combined torsional and lateral bracing from girts/purlins with or without diagonal braces from these components to the inside flanges, load height, cross-section distortion, and non-rigid end boundary conditions. The research addresses both the simplification to basic bracing design rules as well as direct computation for more complex cases. The primary goal is improved assessment of the demands on flange bracing systems in metal building frames.
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Plante, Jacques. "The problem of designing facades within an industrialized building system : a technical analysis for criticising and evaluating contemporary buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78792.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-254).
Designing facades is one of the most important and delicate problems in contemporary architecture. The facade is the changing zone par excelience within which the structural elements of technology meld into refined details of art and together constitute Architecture. The facade is also an interface. or link, between two faces 1 and phases: the facade reflects the evolution of the plan for the private interior side. and is also the expression of the plan on the public exterior side. Very strong tensions. defined spatially. temporally, and architecturally are generated and constantly renewed by interior and exterior forces. Resolving these forces architecturally and artistically through building systems design. modern technology. and a vocabulary meaningful to users is tremendously problematic in the evaluation and critic of three case studies. This will be the subject of this thesis. in which the aspect of repetition in facades will be a dominant aspect.
by Jacques Plante.
M.S.
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Connolly, Michael. "An assessment of employer requirements of competencies of mechanical design students at Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003connollym.pdf.
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Kritzinger, Julian. "Commercial arbitration in cyberspace: the legal and technical requirements towards a more effective Lex Electronica Arbitralis." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27312.
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Online Arbitration is an online alternative dispute resolution (OADR) process that resolves disputes without litigation outside national courts. Due to globalisation and increased e-commerce, international commercial online arbitration has become more important and it is therefore essential to look at the legal and technical requirements for a more effective international online arbitration regime or lex electronica arbitralis, specifically focused on disputes that arise from cross-border, low value e-commerce transactions for both goods and services, and especially between online businesses and consumers (B2C), but also between online businesses (B2B). The lex electronica arbitralis should lead to swift outcomes that will be able to be enforced efficiently anywhere in the world, without impairing the requirements of accountability, due process, efficiency, impartiality, independence, fairness, transparency, etc. The 'UNCITRAL Technical Notes on ODR of 2016' follows a non-binding guideline format, so there is currently no legal outline that exclusively regulates online arbitration. Due to this lacuna, the guidelines of the 'Technical Notes' and rules of traditional international commercial arbitration will have to be used as far as they accommodate online arbitration. Due to its unique features, online arbitration however needs an exclusive set of rules that will deal with its legal and technical requirements. The most comprehensive manner to have realised an online arbitration regime or lex electronica arbitralis would have been by the proposed 'UNCITRAL Draft Procedural Rules (DPR) on OADR for Cross-Border E-Commerce Transactions'. Unfortunately, since Working Group III (WG.III), who was mandated by UNCITRAL to compile the 'DPR', could not manage to reach consensus on many aspects, the 'Technical Notes' was adopted instead. The thesis will review WG.III's progress to complete the 'DPR' and how it eventually led to the adoption of the 'Technical Notes'. The 'Technical Notes' still leaves many questions and uncertainties on many of online arbitration's legal and technical requirements that will be pointed out. The thesis will indicate that these legal and technical requirements do not compose insurmountable challenges, but that UNCITRAL will have to address them when they decide to revise the 'Technical Notes' in the future or when they decide to compile a set of legal standards exclusively for online arbitration in the future. The focus will also be directed to the future of international arbitration legislation in a developing country such as SA, while a plea is made to SA lawmakers to make provision for online arbitration.
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Sum, King-shan Daniel. "Environment friendly building in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723256.
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Linse, Matilda. "An Investigation of Cost-Efficient Solutions in Order to Meet the Energy Requirements in Multi-Family Buildings." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189524.
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As the requirement for specific energy usage is tightened it becomes more important to ensure that the most cost-efficient combinations of energy saving measures are presented. This master thesis have been developed based on one main research question and two sub-questions; How can MOBO and IDA ICE be utilized to identify cost-efficient combinations of energy saving measures to meet tightened requirements for specific energy usage?; Which parameters are included in such an utilization?; and How can the number of interesting data points be decreased so that the most appropriate solution is found?. In order to answer the questions MOBO and IDA ICE have been utilized by varying different windows, the amount of insulation in external floors and roofs as well as different air handling units can be varied simultaneously. Thus the most cost-efficient combinations of energy saving measures can be obtained through a systematic approach. Furthermore a cost-efficiency analysis has been made for installation of waste water heat exchanger, solar PVs and a pre-heating system for ventilation air. The cost-efficiency analysis is made from a basis of a tightened requirement of specific energy usage by 30 %.The results have been obtained by utilizing MOBO in combination with IDA ICE. By a large number of simulations through MOBO on four case studies the most cost-efficient combination of energy saving measures is presented. By simulations on different case studies it was shown that the shape of the Pareto fronts are similar. The results show that it is important to set the initial conditions of a building so that it is possible to reach tightened requirements for specific energy usage. In case the initial conditions are poor it can be seen that the requirement cannot be met cost-efficient since the number of energy saving measures are large and the relative investment cost increases rapidly.The conclusion of the main research question is that MOBO could be used in an early stage of the development process so that the initial conditions can be set in such a way that the tightened requirements for specific energy usage can be met cost-efficient. Cost-efficient combinations of energy saving measures can be identified by utilizing MOBO in combination with IDA ICE. Furthermore, energy saving measures that result in a significant energy saving to a relatively small additional investment cost can be found. Lastly, by utilizing MOBO new technical platforms can be developed with a systematic approach.The conclusion of the first sub-question is that the following parameters are included; three different AHUs, three different window resources with different u-values, two different external walls, three different amount of additional insulation in the roof and two different amount of insulation in the external floor. Furthermore, the results obtained by utilizing MOBO and IDA ICE can be combined by installations of WWHex and solar PVs in case it is cost-efficient. An additional analysis should be made for each case.The conclusion of the last sub-question is that the number of interesting data point can be reduced by only use the Pareto front. In addition a tightened requirement of specific energy usage in combination with a budget requirement results in only a few appropriate combinations of energy saving measures.I takt med att energikraven i byggnader skärps ställs det allt högre krav på att säkerställa att de mest kostnadseffektiva lösningarna presenteras. Denna mastersuppsats har baserats på en huvudfrågeställning och två delfrågeställningar; Hur kan MOBO och IDA ICE användas för att hitta kostnadseffektiva kombinationer av energibesparande åtgärder, för att uppnå skärpta krav på specifik energianvändning?; Vilka parametrar inkluderas i en sådan användning?; och Hur kan antalet intressanta datapunkter reduceras så att den mest lämpliga kombinationen av energibesparande åtgärder presenteras?. För att besvara dessa frågor har MOBO och IDA ICE används där olika fönster, mängd isolering i tak och grundplatta samt olika luftbehandlingsaggregat varierats samtidigt. Detta för att erhålls de mest kostnadseffektiva lösningarna på ett systematiskt sätt. Vidare har en kostnadseffektivitetsanalys gjorts för installation av avloppsvärmeväxlare, solceller samt ett förvärmningssystem för ventilationsluft. Kostnadseffektivitetsanalysen är utförd utifrån tesen att kravet på specifik energianvändning troligtvis kommer att skärpas med 30 %.De resultat som erhållits är framtagna med användning av MOBO i kombination med IDA ICE. Efter ett flertal simuleringar med hjälp av MOBO och IDA ICE har resultat erhållits där de mest kostnadseffektiva kombinationerna av energibesparande åtgärder för olika fallstudier kan presenteras. Efter att MOBO används på olika byggnader har det visats att formen på Pareto-fronterna är av samma karaktär. De resultat som erhållits visar att det är viktigt att säkerställa att de initiala förutsättningarna möjliggör att det går att uppnå skärpta energikrav. Vid mindre bra grundförutsättningar blir det inte kostnadseffektivt att uppnå ett skärpt energikrav eftersom antalet energibesparande åtgärder blir fler och därmed skenar den relativa investeringskostnaden iväg onödigt mycket.Slutssaten av huvudfrågeställningen är att genom att använda MOBO i ett tidigt skede av projekteringen kan de initiala förutsättningarna sättas på ett sådant sätt att det är möjligt att uppfylla skärpta energikrav kostnadseffektivit. Genom användning av MOBO kan kombinationer av energibesparande åtgärder utvärderas på ett systematiskt sätt. Vidare kan åtgärder som har en relativt liten investeringskostnad och som samtidigt har en signifikant energibesparing identifieras. Dessutom kan MOBO användas för att utveckla de tekniska plattformarna.Slutsatsen av den första delfrågan är att följande parametrar inkluderas; tre olika luftbehandlingsaggregat, tre olika fönster med olika U-värden, två olika ytterväggar, tre olika mängder tilläggsisolering i tak samt två olika mängder isolering i grundplattan. Vidare kan resultaten som erhållits med hjälp av MOBO och IDA ICE fördelaktigt analyseras i kombination med ytterligare åtgärder såsom avloppsvärmeväxlare och solceller utifrån en kostnadseffektivitetsanalys. I ännu sällsynta fall kan det vara aktuellt med installation av ett förvärmningssystem för ventilationsluft.Slutsatsen av den andra delfrågan är att antalet intressanta mätpunkter kan reduceras genom att enbart studera Pareto-fronten samt att ett skärpt energikrav i kombination av ett budgetkrav enbart ger ett fåtal passande kombinationer av energibesparande åtgärder.
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Waleszonia, Nicholas W. "A SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTATION INTERNSHIP WITH BLUESPRING SOFTWARE, INC." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303179151.
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Chromá, Andrea. "Vědecko - výzkumný areál Univerzity Palackého Olomouc, stavebně technologická příprava stavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265662.
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The diploma thesis deals with construction technological project of Scientific - Research Complex Palacky University in Olomouc. The thesis contains time and financial plan, itemized budget of main object, technical report, site equipment, safety and healt care policy, enviromental plan and machine assembly. The thesis focuses on building foundation and roofing construction. Thesis includes technological prescription and control and test plan for mentioned constructional phases.
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Rydberg, Andreas. "Perspectives on producing high-quality technical documentation : Exploring users and their requirements on a quality assurance tool." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129606.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyze which potential users and requirements there are on a quality assurance tool to facilitate improving quality in technical documentation. The issues for this thesis to answer are to (1) define potential user groups and their requirements, (2) explore what ways introducing a quality assurance tool could facilitate quality in technical documentation, and (3) explore what challenges needs to be considered when integrating it into the workflow. The empirical research carried out at Saab Support & Services AB in Linköping in the form of semi-structured interviews constitutes the core case study evidence. Three personas are constructed on the basis of collected and analyzed data, corresponding for the potential user groups. For each persona, data requirements, as well as functional requirements, are generated through scenarios that are constructed to constitute for the possible contexts that the personas could find themselves in using this quality assurance tool. Further, this study explores some challenges that must be solved in order to satisfy the requirements of the potential users: to find a place in the workflow that suits the requirements from all perspectives. It shows important considerations to have in mind while integrating a quality assurance tool into the process of producing technical documentation, and opens up for questions of future studies within the integration of quality assurance tools into complex contexts.
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Shek, Ka-yan, and 石家恩. "From cattle to people: a technical feasibility study in adapting reuse of the cattle depot as a youthhostel." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48348375.
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This research serves as a reference not only for persons or organizations intending to propose adaptive re-use of or A&A works to a historical building of Cattle Depot but also for architects, engineers, surveyors, heritage conservationists and designers who are engaged for this type of project as a Youth Hostel.
The hypothesis of this dissertation is that there is a high demand for urban youth hostels in Hong Kong and such youth hostels are in critical short supply. This leads to the scope of my dissertation, which is to explore the technical feasibility to adapt a heritage building as an urban youth hostel.
After conducting comprehensive desk study and site inspection to the Cattle Depot, the methodology of the study will be based on the various statutory submission stages of adapting a building for a new use. To be more precise, this study will examine the procedures of adaptive reuse in terms of (1) what to do and (2) how and where to get it done in the following three main stages in Planning, Building and Licensing.
Last but not least, there would be a way forward of historical building sustainability, to change the more appropriate adaptive reuse as a Cattle Depot Youth Hostel would be more possible as a solution to meet the needs of community and benefit to that district development. More importantly, a number of tangible heritages of the Cattle Depot could make use of these available resources to tell of its story history to the community.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Barbaranelli, Andreas, and Andreas Wallin. "Seismic Analysis of Norra Tornen : A Comparison Based on the Requirements in Eurocode 8." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253823.
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In Sweden, buildings are not designed to withstand earthquakes due to the rarity of an earthquake event and its consequential damage. However, the aim of this thesis was to study the seismic performance of some of the highest buildings in Stockholm, called Innovationen and Helix. The purpose of the study was to get an understanding of earthquake engineering for high rise buildings and to compare the behavior of the two towers during seismic action. In order to compare the two buildings and get an understanding of what will affect the seismic performance, Eurocode 8 was used. The Eurocode standard lists several properties that impacts the seismic resistance of buildings. One of the goals was to study how those factors influence the behavior of Innovationen and Helix and finally compare the results to each other in order to draw valid conclusions. The method to perform the analysis was a modal analysis using a finite element analysis program. The program used contains predefined response spectra’s based on Eurocode 8 which is used to define the seismic load acting on the structures. The extracted results are listed below: - Frequencies and mode shapes - Modal masses - Level and total masses - Accelerations - Displacements The conclusion of the study was that Innovationen and Helix have similar properties and some points from Eurocode 8 were better fulfilled by Helix and others by Innovationen: - Uniformity, symmetry and redundancy (Innovationen fulfills the requirements better than Helix) - Bi-directional resistance and stiffness (Innovationen fulfills the requirements better than Helix) - Torsional resistance and stiffness (Helix fulfills the requirements better than Innovationen) - Adequate foundation (Helix fulfills the requirements better than Innovationen) Of the two parameters studied, the height was the one with the most influence on seismic resistance.
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HYGERTH, HENRIK. "Sustainable Software Engineering : An Investigation Into the Technical Sustainability Dimension." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189568.
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is study has focused on the technical sustainability dimension of sustainable soware engineering. Sustainabilitywithin soware engineering is something that has recently started to gain traction, where most of theresearch has focused on the environmental dimension.e purpose of this study was to investigate the technicalsustainability dimension, and contribute by continuing to build upon previous research which has suggestedsustainability as a part of non-functional requirements and as a part of soware quality.is study was conducted with a qualitative approach. is approach used interviews with people withexperience of working in soware development to collect data. e interviews were used to gain in-depthinformation of the dierent aspects in soware development, e.g. development processes.e results, based on the interviews, showed that from a technical sustainability perspective there are issueswith where the focus of the work is in soware development and also problems related to how timemanagementis used.e results also showed that there was some lacking in understanding the benets and tradeos ofdecisions made in the project, for example regarding the soware design, which can result in unnecessarycomplexity is acquired.e study found that the culture within soware development projects and companies needs to be changedtowards a culture which promotes the development of high quality soware. Because non-functional requirementsand soware quality are components of technical sustainability, therefore is the technical sustainabilityhigher if the quality is high. It was further found that this culture would be possible if changes were made tothe way prioritisations are made, and the way testing is performed should be extended. Finally it was foundthat the understanding of the benets and tradeos of decisions and ideas needs to be increased and extendedcollectively.e study concluded that the technical sustainability dimension can be achieved through these changes andthat the problem and solution therefore are not small and local but rather a big and complex issue where thesolution spans several solutions that encompasses dierent aspects and perspectives.
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Korolija, Ivan. "Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system energy demand coupling with building loads for office buildings." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5501.
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The UK building stock accounts for about half of all energy consumed in the UK. A large portion of the energy is consumed by nondomestic buildings. Offices and retail are the most energy intensive typologies within the nondomestic building sector, typically accounting for over 50% of the nondomestic buildings’ total energy consumption. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are the largest energy end use in the nondomestic sector, with energy consumption close to 50% of total energy consumption. Different HVAC systems have different energy requirements when responding to the same building heating and cooling demands. On the other hand, building heating and cooling demands depend on various parameters such as building fabrics, glazing ratio, building form, occupancy pattern, and many others. HVAC system energy requirements and building energy demands can be determined by mathematical modelling. A widely accepted approach among building professionals is to use building energy simulation tools such as EnergyPlus, IES, DOE2, etc. which can analyse in detail building energy consumption. However, preparing and running simulations in such tools is usually very complicated, time consuming and costly. Their complexity has been identified as the biggest obstacle. Adequate alternatives to complex building energy simulation tools are regression models which can provide results in an easier and faster way. This research deals with the development of regression models that enable the selection of HVAC systems for office buildings. In addition, the models are able to predict annual heating, cooling and auxiliary energy requirements of different HVAC systems as a function of office building heating and cooling demands. For the first part of the data set development used for the regression analysis, a data set of office building simulation archetypes was developed. The four most typical built forms (open plan sidelit, cellular sidelit, artificially lit open plan and composite sidelit cellular around artificially lit open plan built form) were coupled with five types of building fabric and three levels of glazing ratio. Furthermore, two measures of reducing solar heat gains were considered as well as implementation of daylight control. Also, building orientation was included in the analysis. In total 3840 different office buildings were then further coupled with five different HVAC systems: variable air volume system; constant air volume system; fan coil system with dedicated air; chilled ceiling system with embedded pipes, dedicated air and radiator heating; and chilled ceiling system with exposed aluminium panels, dedicated air and radiator heating. The total number of models simulated in EnergyPlus, in order to develop the input database for regression analysis, was 23,040. The results clearly indicate that it is possible to form a reliable judgement about each different HVAC system’s heating, cooling and auxiliary energy requirements based only on office building heating and cooling demands. High coefficients of determination of the proposed regression models show that HVAC system requirements can be predicted with high accuracy. The lowest coefficient of determination among cooling regression models was 0.94 in the case of the CAV system. HVAC system heating energy requirement regression models had a coefficient of determination above 0.96. The auxiliary energy requirement models had a coefficient of determination above 0.95, except in the case of chilled ceiling systems where the coefficient of determination was around 0.87. This research demonstrates that simplified regression models can be used to provide design decisions for the office building HVAC systems studied. Such models allow more rapid determination of HVAC systems energy requirements without the need for time-consuming (hence expensive) reconfigurations and runs of the simulation program.
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Menzel, Michael. "Model-driven security in service-oriented architectures : leveraging security patterns to transform high-level security requirements to technical policies." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5905/.
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Service-oriented Architectures (SOA) facilitate the provision and orchestration of business services to enable a faster adoption to changing business demands. Web Services provide a technical foundation to implement this paradigm on the basis of XML-messaging. However, the enhanced flexibility of message-based systems comes along with new threats and risks. To face these issues, a variety of security mechanisms and approaches is supported by the Web Service specifications. The usage of these security mechanisms and protocols is configured by stating security requirements in security policies. However, security policy languages for SOA are complex and difficult to create due to the expressiveness of these languages.
To facilitate and simplify the creation of security policies, this thesis presents a model-driven approach that enables the generation of complex security policies on the basis of simple security intentions. SOA architects can specify these intentions in system design models and are not required to deal with complex technical security concepts.
The approach introduced in this thesis enables the enhancement of any system design modelling languages – for example FMC or BPMN – with security modelling elements. The syntax, semantics, and notion of these elements is defined by our security modelling language SecureSOA. The metamodel of this language provides extension points to enable the integration into system design modelling languages. In particular, this thesis demonstrates the enhancement of FMC block diagrams with SecureSOA.
To enable the model-driven generation of security policies, a domain-independent policy model is introduced in this thesis. This model provides an abstraction layer for security policies. Mappings are used to perform the transformation from our model to security policy languages.
However, expert knowledge is required to generate instances of this model on the basis of simple security intentions. Appropriate security mechanisms, protocols and options must be chosen and combined to fulfil these security intentions. In this thesis, a formalised system of security patterns is used to represent this knowledge and to enable an automated transformation process. Moreover, a domain-specific language is introduced to state security patterns in an accessible way. On the basis of this language, a system of security configuration patterns is provided to transform security intentions related to data protection and identity management. The formal semantics of the security pattern language enable the verification of the transformation process introduced in this thesis and prove the correctness of the pattern application.
Finally, our SOA Security LAB is presented that demonstrates the application of our model-driven approach to facilitate a dynamic creation, configuration, and execution of secure Web Service-based composed applications.Im Bereich der Enterprisearchitekturen hat das Paradigma der Service-orientierten Architektur (SOA) in den vergangenen Jahren eine große Bedeutung erlangt. Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht die Strukturierung und Umsetzung verteilter, IT-basierter Geschäftsfunktionen, um einen effizienten und flexiblen Einsatz von IT-Ressourcen zu ermöglichen. Während in der Vergangenheit fachliche Anforderungen in monolithischen Applikationen umgesetzt wurden, setzt dieser Architekturansatz auf wiederverwendbare Dienste, die spezifische Geschäftsfunktionen implementieren. Diese Dienste können dann dynamisch zur Umsetzung von Geschäftsprozessen herangezogen werden und ermöglichen eine schnelle Reaktion auf verändernde geschäftliche Rahmenbedingungen durch Anpassung der Prozesse. Die einzelnen Dienste existieren unabhängig voneinander und sind lose über einen Nachrichtenaustausch gekoppelt. Diese Unabhängigkeit unterscheidet den SOA-Ansatz von der bisherigen Entwicklung klassischer verteilter Anwendungen. Die Verwendung unabhängiger Dienste geht aber auch mit einem größeren Gefährdungspotential einher, da eine Vielzahl von Schnittstellen bereitgestellt wird, die mittels komplexer Protokolle angesprochen werden können. Somit ist die korrekte Umsetzung von Sicherheitsmechanismen in allen Diensten und SOA-Infrastrukturkomponeten essentiell. Kommunikationspartner müssen an jedem Kommunikationsendpunkt authentifiziert und autorisiert werden und ausgetauschte Nachrichten müssen immer geschützt werden. Solche Sicherheitsanforderungen werden in technischen Sicherheitskonfigurationen (Policydokumenten) mittels einer Policysprache kodiert und werden an die Dienste verteilt, die diese Anforderungen durchsetzen. Da Policysprachen für SOA aber durch die Vielzahl und Vielfalt an Sicherheitsmechanismen, -protokollen und -standards eine hohe Komplexität aufweisen, sind Sicherheitskonfigurationen höchst fehleranfällig und mit viel Fachwissen zu erstellen. Um die Generierung von Sicherheitskonfigurationen in komplexen Systemen zu vereinfachen, wird in dieser Arbeit ein modellgetriebener Ansatz vorgestellt, der eine visuelle Modellierung von Sicherheitsanforderungen in Architekturmodellen ermöglicht und eine automatisierte Generierung von Sicherheitskonfigurationen auf Basis dieser Anforderungen unterstützt. Die Modellierungsebene ermöglicht eine einfache und abstrakte Darstellung von Sicherheitsanforderungen, die sich auch für Systemarchitekten erschließen, welche keine Sicherheits-experten sind. Beispielsweise können modellierte Daten einfach mit einem Schloss annotiert werden, um den Schutz dieser Daten zu fordern. Die Syntax, die Semantik und die Darstellung dieser Anforderungen werden durch die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Sicherheitsmodellierungssprache SecureSOA spezifiziert. Der vorgestellte modellgetriebene Ansatz transformiert die modellierten Anforderungen auf ein domänen-unabhängiges Policymodell, das eine Abstraktionsschicht zu konkreten Policysprachen bildet. Diese Abstrak-tionsschicht vereinfacht die Generierung von Sicherheitspolicies in verschiedenen Policysprachen. Allerdings kann diese Transformation nur erfolgen, wenn im System Expertenwissen hinterlegt ist, das die Auswahl von konkreten Sicherheitsmechanismen und -optionen bestimmt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden Entwurfsmuster für SOA-Sicherheit zur Transformation herangezogen, die dieses Wissen repräsentieren. Dazu wird ein Katalog von Entwurfsmustern eingeführt, der die Abbildung von abstrakten Sicherheitsanforderungen auf konkrete Konfigurationen ermöglicht. Diese Muster sind mittels einer Entwurfsmustersprache definiert, die in dieser Arbeit eingeführt wird. Die formale Semantik dieser Sprache ermöglicht die formale Verifikation des Transformationsprozesses, um die Korrektheit der Entwurfsmusteranwendung nachzuweisen. Die Definition dieses Entwurfsmusterkatalogs und der darauf basierende Transformationsprozess ermöglichen die Abbildung von abstrakten Sicherheitsanforderungen auf konkrete technische Sicherheitskonfigurationen und stellen den Beitrag dieser Arbeit dar. Abschließend wird in dieser Arbeit das SOA-Security-Lab vorgestellt, das die Umsetzung dieses Ansatzes demonstriert.
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Phillips, James Ronald. "Certification requirements and practices for secondary and post secondary trade and industrial and technical teachers in the United States /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260859495031.
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Kruger, Philippus Stephanes. "Experiential learning within the tourism and hospitalty sector in South Africa with reference to industry requirements for non-technical skills." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2502.
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Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Technikon, 2003.Many scholars in the social sciences, especially in the Hospitality industry have seen many changes over the years, based on research conducted in the workplace. Skills seem to be a popular research agenda. The literature is rich on how changes have occurred overtime in the hospitality industry workplace. With such a competitive environment this industry is functioning, it is important that entry level employees or current employees in the workplace possess a variety of non-technical skills. Once attained, these employees, will benefit the Hospitality industry, as happy clients / guests, will return, which will create a profitable workplace. It is vitally important that tertiary institutions pay specific attention to students and graduates, that they obtain non-technical skills, via co-operative education programmes, with a focus on the real employment world outside of education. This will equip them to find a job that could be satisfying and rewarding. Industry on the other hand should identify important non-technical skills and conduct on the job training, inducing such skills. The researcher found that the need for willingness to adapt and eagerness to learn was a consistent theme. The non-technical skills of communication, teamwork, initiative, problem solving and decision making were also highly valued. Respondents were dissatisfied with the quality of entry-level employees beginning their careers, especially graduates who lack non-technical skills. A need was seen for a long-term view of preparation of young people for work, beginning with parents and guardians, who should lay the foundations. Alongside them, educators should be fostering good attitudes and a love for learning, as well as lecturing verbal, numerical and other specific skills. Successful co-operative education programmes often could involve three key role-players, that of employers (managers / supervisors), students / graduates in this context and the tertiary institution they are studying at Technikon’s providing vocationally orientated co-operative education programmes, therefore need to continually examine what skills employers (managers / supervisors) consider to be important with regard to the skills required by students, entering the workplace. This research study revealed that there is a gap between the skills that students acquire in their formal studies and what employers (managers / supervisors) require. If this need is not recognised, the programmes, institution and students will suffer. The study is aimed at making a contribution towards co-operative education programmes in Hospitality and Tourism at technikons by identifying what non-technical skills the Border Technikon is not addressing. It was found that the skills not being adequately addressed fall in the non-technical skills category. The study identifies the non-technical skills required by employers (managers / supervisors) of Border Technikon Hospitality and Tourism students undertaking experiential learning.
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Oscarson, Frida. "Requirements of implementing a circular leasing & rental model on technical garments : Challenges and opportunities in the Swedish outdoor industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417894.
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The Fashion industry has grown rapidly over the past decade. The industry is one of the world’s most polluting industries and the way we produce and consume clothes has to change, to reach sustainability across the industry. The fashion industry requires a new “textile economy” where business models are developed to keep products in use and continuously circulate. Therefore, developing business model that can keep products in use and make them circulate is one way forward. Product-Service-Systems (PSS) have become a discussion amongst researchers to be a possible way of reaching more sustainable practices across the industry. This study therefore looks at one form of PSS, leasing and rental. The study will investigate, technical garments because from a durability and quality perspective they are ideal to incorporate in this type of model. Therefore, this study aimed at developing an ideal circular leasing and rental model to see what requirements is needed to keep activity-based, technical garments in use. It was also of interest to investigate what challenges and opportunities the Swedish outdoor industry face when implementing a leasing and rental model, and if they can fulfil the requirements of the ideal circular model. A qualitative method was used through semi-structured interviews to collect the empirical data. The results show that the requirements of an ideal circular leasing and rental model includes Sustainability, Investments/Economic profit, Human resources, Logistics, Product design and Upcycling. The empirical results from the Swedish outdoor industry shows that they require the same factors as the model, however two more requirements are highlighted by the industry, Thirdparty-partner and customer demand. The results also shows that today it is too challenging for the Swedish outdoor industry fulfil the requirements of an ideal circular leasing and rental model. Collaborating with a third-party-partner is one aspect the industry see as an opportunity. The products have an opportunity to be kept in use because the brands will care for them. However, the industry face more challenges than opportunities, some of the challenges are investments and economic profit, logistics and upcycling processes of activity-based technical garments.
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Davis, Victor Corey. "Impact of minimum hiring requirements (AB 1725) on the recruitment and employment of community college vocational and technical teachers in California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1038.
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Omar, Yunus. "Comparative analysis of selected Personal Bibliographic Management Software (PBMS) with special reference to the requirements of researchers at a University of Technology." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1339.
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Jones, Rory V. "An investigation of the socio-economic, technical and appliance related factors affecting high electrical energy demand in UK homes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14477.
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The amount of electricity used in individual UK homes varies considerably. Previous UK energy research has identified that high electricity consuming homes not only use more electricity, compared with others, but appear to be consuming even more electricity over time. Furthermore, there is additional evidence which shows that high consuming dwellings also have a greater potential to make energy savings than those who consume less. It has been suggested that future UK energy policy might focus on reducing the demand of high electricity consumers in order to reduce overall CO2 emissions. Therefore, understanding what drives high usage in domestic buildings is essential to support informed decisions. This thesis asserts that to improve knowledge and understanding of the factors affecting high electrical energy consumption in UK domestic buildings, it is necessary to combine an analysis of the occupants socio-economic characteristics, dwelling technical characteristics and appliance related aspects, with detailed monitoring of the ownership, power demand and occupants use of electrical appliances. Using a sample of 315 UK homes, the influence of socio-economic, technical and appliance related characteristics on the probability of a household being a high electrical energy consumer was investigated (Odds ratio analysis). Detailed appliance monitoring data was collected from 27 UK homes to establish the contributions of appliance ownership, power demand and use to high electrical energy demand (Appliance Electricity Use Survey). The current research found similar skewed electricity distributions towards high electricity consumers for both the 315 and 27 home cohorts. Conflicting results were however obtained from the two household samples with regard to whether high electricity consumers are increasing electrical energy demand over time. The results of the odds ratio analysis and Appliance Electricity Use Survey suggest that high electricity consumption in domestic buildings is related to a combination of the socio-economic characteristics of the building occupants, technical characteristics of the dwelling and the ownership, power demand and use of electrical appliances.
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Menzel, Michael [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Meinel. "Model-driven security in service-oriented architectures : leveraging security patterns to transform high-level security requirements to technical policies / Michael Menzel. Betreuer: Christoph Meinel." Potsdam : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022242229/34.
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Radmil, Aleš. "Stavebně technologický projekt výrobní haly v Uherském Hradišti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265649.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is the solution of selected components of construction-technology project construction of the II. stage production hall of the company Schlote Automotive Czech Ltd. This work includes financial, temporal, technical and technological aspects of the construction process. For selected component is created technologic direction and inspection plan.
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Uysal, Yesim Yuksel. "A Survey On The System Of Education At The Middle East Technical University Department Of Architecture, 1956-1980." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1223866/index.pdf.
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This thesis explores the system of architectural education in the Middle East Technical University Department of Architecture between 1956 and 1980. The formation and the transformation of the system of architectural education in the school are investigated with references to the evolution of the social, political, economic and architectural context of Turkey in the period and the systems of architectural education applied in the country. The education in the Department of Architecture not only formed its system according to the Bauhaus program as applied in the postwar American context, but also transformed it with changing architectural theory and the design methodology. Both the school's system of architectural education and the institutional identity established by the school provided significant contributions to the institutionalization of architectural education in Turkey. Besides, in the following decades, the school'
s system of education became basic model for other institutions in the country in re-structuring their systems. In this respect, by focusing on the M.E.T.U. Department of Architecture'
s system of architectural education, this study aims to be a history of the Middle East Technical University and the social, political, economic and architectural context of the period as well.
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Sidén, Adrian, and Sandsborg Kristian Rolfsen. "Ekonomiska konsekvenser till följd av varsamhetskrav : Ett förnyelseprojekt av flerbostadshus i Sätra, Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17198.
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Sveriges kulturhistoriska bebyggelse bär viktiga historiska spår och har varit en starktbidragande faktor till samhällets utveckling. Dessa byggnader utgör konkretahistorieberättare som åskådliggör hur samhället har förändrats med tiden. Bevarandet avhistoriska byggnader av detta slag, är därför mycket viktigt för att dessa värden inte skallgå förlorade. Respektive kommun har i detaljplanen möjlighet att skydda bevarandevärdbebyggelse genom att skapa varsamhets- och skyddsbestämmelser för de fastigheter ochområden som anses vara värdefulla ur ett kulturhistoriskt perspektiv. De flesta av dessabyggnader tillhör dock äldre byggnadsbestånd och kräver därför regelbundet underhållsochrenoveringsarbete för att överleva och uppfylla dagens krav på såväl energieffektivitetsom intern komfort. I renoveringsfasen för denna typ av bebyggelse uppstår emellertidofta komplikationer, då byggnadernas arkitektoniska värdebärare inte får förvanskas.Östra Sätra i Gävle, är utnämnt till riksintresse och kulturhistoriskt värdefullt till grund försin tidstypiska miljonprogrammsarkitektur med trafikseparering. Fastighetsbolaget ABGavlegårdarna, som äger och förvaltar husen i Östra Sätra, har vid renoveringen av ettantal punkthus i området, erfarit merkostnader till följd av varsamhetskraven för området.Merkostnaderna uppkom till följd av att konventionella tekniska lösningar och materialvalinte kunde tillämpas vid renoveringen.Detta examensarbete syftar till att kvantifiera dessa merkostnader med målsättningen attutgöra ett underlag för AB Gavlegårdarna för fortsatt dialog med Gävle Kommun, medavseende på det fortsatta förnyelsearbetet i Östra Sätra. Arbetet avgränsas till trepunkthus, Pinnmovägen 26, Glaciärvägen 23 och Glaciärvägen 21, där merkostnaderna förbalkonger, fasadbeklädnad och fönster ligger i fokus.Resultatet visar betydande merkostnader för samtliga av de studeradebyggnadskomponenterna. Merkostnaden för balkonger, fasadbeklädnad och fönsteruppgick till 22,6%, 1,7% respektive 0,5% av den totala renoveringskostnaden förrespektive punkthus.För att minimera merkostnaderna och motsättningarna för dessa typer avrenoveringsprojekt krävs tidig dialog mellan fastighetsägare och bygglovshandläggare,med en tydlig beslutsgrund i en antikvarisk förundersökning.The Swedish stock of heritage buildings carries important historical trails and has been amajor contributing factor to the development of society. These buildings constitutespecific storytellers that illustrate how society has developed over time. The preservationof heritage buildings of this kind is therefore very important in order to assure that thesevalues are not lost over time. Each township has an opportunity to preserve thesebuildings by creating regulations in the zoning-plan with respect to cultural values.Buildings like these often belong to older building stocks and require regular maintenanceand renovation work in order to survive and meet today's demands regarding energyefficiency and internal comfort. In the renovation phase of this type of buildings,complications often occur due to the prohibition to vitiate historical buildingsarchitectural values.The east part of Sätra, in Gävle, is declared to be a historically valuable district of nationalinterest due to its million-program architecture with traffic separation. The district isowned by the property management company AB Gavlegårdarna who has experiencedlarge additional costs during the renovation phase of some tower blocks in the area, due tothe regulations of cultural values. These additional costs occur due to the fact thatconventional construction techniques and materials could not be used during therenovation.This thesis aims to quantify these additional costs with the goal to provide a basis for ABGavlegårdarna for a continued dialogue with the municipality of Gävle, with respect to theongoing renewal of Eastern Sätra. The thesis is confined to three tower blocks,Pinnmovägen 26 Glaciärvägen 23 and Glaciärvägen 21 where the additional cost ofbalconies, building plaster and windows are in focus.The results show significant additional costs for all of the studied building components.The additional cost for balconies, building plaster and windows amounted to 22,6%, 1,7%and 0,5% of the total renovation cost for each of the tower blocks.Minimizing the additional costs and contradictions of these types of renovation projectsrequire early dialogue between the property owners and the building permitadministrators with basis in a properly executed antiquarian investigation.
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Mumford, Peter John. "Enhancing performance-based regulation : lessons from New Zealand's building control system : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [in Public Policy] /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1206.
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Pietrzyk, Ulrike, Sarah Rodehacke, and Winfried Hacker. "Division of Labour and Self-Reported Mental Requirements in Human Services: Retail Sale Jobs." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-165346.
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Significant associations between self-reported “whole units” of work and self-reported mental task requirements as well as personal outcomes are well known. Also of interest is, however, whether a significant association also exists between the underlying objective assignment of tasks, i.e. the division of labour, and self-reported mental requirements. Such an association would represent a concrete starting point for job design or redesign. We analyzed this question for retail sale jobs as an example of the numerous human service jobs, which usually consist of customer- and object-centred tasks. The study (N = 558 employees) evaluated the potential association between documented assignments of customer-centred and goods-centred activities and employees’ perceived mental requirements, skill utilisation, and learning on the job, as well as mental difficulties. A significant association of moderate effect size between the objective division of labour and self-reported mental job requirements was shown. Theoretical and practical consequences of this association are also discussed.
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Pietrzyk, Ulrike, Sarah Rodehacke, and Winfried Hacker. "Division of Labour and Self-Reported Mental Requirements in Human Services: Retail Sale Jobs." Scientific Research Publishing Inc, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28674.
Full textAbstract:
Significant associations between self-reported “whole units” of work and self-reported mental task requirements as well as personal outcomes are well known. Also of interest is, however, whether a significant association also exists between the underlying objective assignment of tasks, i.e. the division of labour, and self-reported mental requirements. Such an association would represent a concrete starting point for job design or redesign. We analyzed this question for retail sale jobs as an example of the numerous human service jobs, which usually consist of customer- and object-centred tasks. The study (N = 558 employees) evaluated the potential association between documented assignments of customer-centred and goods-centred activities and employees’ perceived mental requirements, skill utilisation, and learning on the job, as well as mental difficulties. A significant association of moderate effect size between the objective division of labour and self-reported mental job requirements was shown. Theoretical and practical consequences of this association are also discussed.