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1

Sugiharto, Toto, Novita Sulistiowati, and Rina Nofiyanti. "THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE FINANCIAL HEALTH AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LIFE INSURANCE FIRMS: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Bisnis 24, no. 3 (2019): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/eb.2019.v24i3.2238.

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Financial performance is of importance for life insurance firms. It is affected by various factors including financial health which is measured by risk-based capital, technical reserve and equity. The study aims at analyzing the effect of these financial health measures on the financial performance of life insurance firms. Secondary data which include financial performance (i.e., return on assets), risk-based capital, technical reserve and equity of thirty three life insurance firms for the periods of 2011-2016 was used. Panel data regression analysis was performed to analyze the obtained data
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2

Daryanto, Wiwiek Mardawiyah, and Wawan Rahardianto. "Measuring the Financial Health Performance of Life Insurance Company in Indonesia: Case Study During the Period of Before and After the Implementation of Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, Nomor 71 /Pojk.05/2016." International Journal of Business Studies 3, no. 2 (2019): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32924/ijbs.v3i2.125.

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Insurance is simply a risk management by transferring the risk of potential loss to an insurance company. By allowing risk to be spread among a large group of people, everyone will take benefits from insurance. Therefore, selecting strong insurance company is important to make sure that your sum assured or claim will be paid according to the policy term and condition. This research aims to measure, analyze, and compare the financial health performance of public listed life insurance companies in Indonesia namely PT Prudential Life Assurance (PLA) and PT AIA Financial (AIA) from 2013 to 2018 (t
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3

Norberg, Ragnar, and Bjørn Sundt. "Draft of a System for Solvency Control in Non-Life Insurance." ASTIN Bulletin 15, no. 2 (1985): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.15.2.2015026.

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AbstractAn outline is given of a proposed system for solvency control in non-life insurance that has recently been discussed within a Working Party appointed by the Norwegian supervisory authorities. According to this system the factual technical reserves must at any time be sufficient to meet, with high probability, all future liabilities stipulated by insurance contracts that have either expired or are currently in force. The system is applied to a provisional, simple model that has been fitted to claims data assembled from Norwegian non-life companies. The numerical examples illustrate, int
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4

Elsayed, Mahmoud, and Amr Soliman. "Prediction of Technical Reserves Based on Grey Model — GM(1,1): Evidence from Non-life Egyptian Insurance Market." Journal of Business and Economics 10, no. 9 (2019): 852–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/09.10.2019/006.

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Grey system theory is a mathematical technique used to predict data with known and unknown characteristics. The aim of our research is to forecast the future amount of technical reserves (outstanding claims reserve, loss ratio fluctuations reserve and unearned premiums reserve) up to 2029/2030. This study applies the Grey Model GM(1,1) using data obtained from the Egyptian Financial Supervisory Authority (EFSA) over the period from 2005/2006 to 2015/2016 for non-life Egyptian insurance market. We found that the predicted amounts of outstanding claims reserve and loss ratio fluctuations reserve
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5

Camino-Mogro, Segundo, and Natalia Bermúdez-Barrezueta. "Determinants of profitability of life and non-life insurance companies: evidence from Ecuador." International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 5 (2019): 831–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-07-2018-0371.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is is to identify the main determinants of insurance profitability on life and non-life segments to obtain which variables affect in each market of the Ecuadorian insurance sector. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a large panel data set with financial information from 2001 to 2017 and estimate the determinants through a panel corrected standard errors regression. Findings The authors found that net premiums, technical reserves, capital ratio and score efficiency are micro-determinants in the life insurance sector, whereas in the non-life sector, the
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6

Božović, Miloš, and Marija Koprivica. "What drives the capital structure? The case of non-life insurance companies in Serbia." Industrija 49, no. 1 (2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija49-30369.

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This paper studies the factors behind the capital structure of insurance companies. We used financial reports of non-life and composite insurance companies in Serbia between 2006 and 2019. In particular, we apply a panel-data approach to examine the relationship between leverage, defined as the ratio of technical reserves to capital and various firm-level characteristics. The coefficients estimated using the individual fixed-effects model indicate a significant and negative influence of profitability, growth and liquidity measures on leverage and a significant and positive influence of company
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7

Ramlau-Hansen, H. "Life Insurance Accounting at Current Values: A Danish View." British Actuarial Journal 3, no. 3 (1997): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700005079.

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ABSTRACTTraditional life insurance accounting standards rely on various types of book and cost values, the result being that the income and balance sheet statements do not necessarily give a true and transparent picture of the result of the life business. As examples, assets are typically stated at a mix of cost, current and amortised cost values, whereas life insurance provisions are calculated according to the approved technical basis.In this paper, it is suggested that this deficiency can be corrected by preparing life insurance accounts at current value. The proposed method implies that th
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8

Pini, Marco, and Alessandro Rinaldi. "Le attivitŕ reali e finanziarie delle famiglie: un'analisi a livello provinciale." RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA E STATISTICA DEL TERRITORIO, no. 3 (October 2009): 100–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rest2009-003005.

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- This paper has two objectives. The former is to describe the methodology for estimating household wealth at provincial level adopted by Tagliacarne Institute. In particular, it aims to explain the reasons for which estimates are restricted to real * Gli autori ringraziano il Prof. Paolo Quirino per gli utili suggerimenti forniti. Le opinioni espresse riflettono esclusivamente il pensiero degli autori e non impegnano in alcun modo la responsabilitŕ degli Istituti di appartenenza. ** Istituto di Studi e Analisi Economica - ISAE. *** Fondazione Istituto Guglielmo Tagliacarne. (bonds, shares and
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9

Dina Manolache, Aurora Elena. "Chain claims reserving methods in non-life insurance." Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 1, no. 1 (2019): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2019-0019.

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Abstract Considering that the reliability of reserves valuation directly influences the financial strength of an insurance company, the main aim of this paper is to present a claims reserving estimation for a Romanian non-life insurer based on the most popular chain methods which are typically used in practice for the estimation of outstanding claims reserves in general insurance industry: Standard Chain Ladder and Munich Chain Ladder both on the claims incurred data and claims paid data. The tail development factors have been estimated based on the curve-fitting methods. The obvious advantage
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10

de, Andrés-Sánchez. "Fuzzy claim reserving in non-life insurance." Computer Science and Information Systems 11, no. 2 (2014): 825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis121225045a.

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This paper develops several expressions to quantify claim provisions to account in financial statements of a non-life insurance company under the hypothesis of a fuzzy environment. Concretely, by applying the expected value of a fuzzy number and the more general concept of value of a fuzzy number to the ANOVA claim predicting model [2] we estimate claim reserves to account in insurer?s balance sheet and income account.
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11

Arjas, Elja. "The Claims Reserving Problem in Non-Life Insurance: Some Structural Ideas." ASTIN Bulletin 19, no. 2 (1989): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.19.2.2014905.

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AbstractWe present some relatively simple structural ideas about how probabilistic modeling, and in particular, the modern theory of point processes and martingales, can be used in the estimation of claims reserves.
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12

Andréason, Torbjörn, Fredrik Johansson, and Björn Palmgren. "Measuring and Modelling Technical Risks in Non-Life Insurance." Scandinavian Actuarial Journal 2000, no. 1 (2000): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/034612300750066746.

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13

Lefèvre, Claude, Stéphane Loisel, Muhsin Tamturk, and Sergey Utev. "A Quantum-Type Approach to Non-Life Insurance Risk Modelling." Risks 6, no. 3 (2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks6030099.

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A quantum mechanics approach is proposed to model non-life insurance risks and to compute the future reserve amounts and the ruin probabilities. The claim data, historical or simulated, are treated as coming from quantum observables and analyzed with traditional machine learning tools. They can then be used to forecast the evolution of the reserves of an insurance company. The following methodology relies on the Dirac matrix formalism and the Feynman path-integral method.
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14

Kocovic, Jelena, Mirela Mitrasevic, and Dejan Trifunovic. "Advantages and disadvantages of loss reserving methods in non-life insurance." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 29, no. 4 (2019): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor180215003k.

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We analyse characteristics of the three most commonly used methods for estimating loss reserves in non life insurance: the chain ladder method, the loss ratio method, and the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method. Our aim is to give a comparative analysis of the results obtained from applying these methods to a practical case, and to put emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages.
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15

Horáková, Galina, František Slaninka, and Zsolt Simonka. "The Reduction of Initial Reserves Using the Optimal Reinsurance Chains in Non-Life Insurance." Mathematics 9, no. 12 (2021): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9121350.

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The aim of the paper is to propose, and give an example of, a strategy for managing insurance risk in continuous time to protect a portfolio of non-life insurance contracts against unwelcome surplus fluctuations. The strategy combines the characteristics of the ruin probability and the values VaR and CVaR. It also proposes an approach for reducing the required initial reserves by means of capital injections when the surplus is tending towards negative values, which, if used, would protect a portfolio of insurance contracts against unwelcome fluctuations of that surplus. The proposed approach e
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16

Ilyas, Ashiq Mohd, and S. Rajasekaran. "Productivity of the Indian non-life insurance sector." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, no. 4 (2019): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-04-2019-0147.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the performance of the Indian non-life (general) insurance sector in terms of total factor productivity (TFP) over the period 2005–2016. Design/methodology/approach This study utilises Färe‒Primont index (FPI) to access the change in TFP and its components: technical change, technical efficiency and mix and scale efficiency over the observation period. Moreover, it employs the Mann–Whitney U-test to scrutinise the difference between the public and the private insurers in terms of growth in productivity. Findings The results reveal that the insura
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17

Voronova, Irina. "TECHNIQUE FOR ASSESSING RELIABILITY OF INSURANCE COMPANIES." Business, Management and Education 9, no. 2 (2011): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2011.20.

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The purpose of this study is to improve the research technique for as­sessing the reliability of non-life insurance companies’ position. In this study, the author considers problems of assessment of reliability of insurance companies’ position. The author analyses indicators enabling to make complex assessment of insurance companies’ reliability. A technique of creating an integral indicator by using different methods of determining weighting rates of ratios validity is offered. Practical example of using an integral indicator of reliability of Latvian non-life insurance companies on the basis
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18

Pakhnenko, O., O. Zhuravka, V. Podhorna, and A. Sukhomlyn. "ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVE POSITIONS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN THE NON-LIFE INSURANCE MARKET IN UKRAINE." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2019): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.2-11.

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The paper explores the practical aspects of forming a competitive environment in the non-life insurance market of Ukraine and analyzes the competitiveness and financial performance of leading insurance companies. Based on the analysis of non-life insurance market concentration indicators, the authors concluded that there is no clear leader in this market, the level of market concentration is negligible. Based on the analysis of non-life insurance market leaders by volume of gross insurance premiums in the whole market and by main types of non-life insurance (CASCO, motor vehicle liability insu
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19

Falden, Debbie Kusch, and Anna Kamille Nyegaard. "Retrospective Reserves and Bonus with Policyholder Behavior." Risks 9, no. 1 (2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9010015.

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Legislation imposes insurance companies to project their assets and liabilities in various financial scenarios. Within the setup of with-profit life insurance, we consider retrospective reserves and bonus, and we study projection of balances with and without policyholder behavior. The projection resides in a system of differential equations of the savings account and the surplus, and the policyholder behavior options surrender and conversion to free-policy are included. The inclusion results in a structure where the system of differential equations of the savings account and the surplus is non
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20

Bacinello, Anna Rita. "Fair Pricing of Life Insurance Participating Policies with a Minimum Interest Rate Guaranteed." ASTIN Bulletin 31, no. 2 (2001): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.31.2.1006.

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AbstractIn this paper we analyse, in a contingent-claims framework, one of the most common life insurance policies sold in Italy during the last two decades. The policy, of the endowment type, is initially priced as a standard one, given a mortality table and a technical interest rate. Subsequently, at the end of each policy year, the insurance company grants a bonus, which is credited to the mathematical reserve and depends on the performance of a special investment portfolio. More precisely, this bonus is determined in such a way that the total interest rate credited to the insured equals a
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21

Hendrych, Radek, and Tomáš Cipra. "Econometric model of non-life technical provisions: the Czech insurance market case study." European Actuarial Journal 7, no. 1 (2017): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13385-017-0148-0.

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22

Jurkiewicz, Tomasz, and Agnieszka Pobłocka. "Best Estimate IBNR Reserves in Non-Life Insurance - Proposals for the Calculation of the Solvency II." Studia Oeconomica Posnaniensia 3, no. 11 (2015): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/soep.2015.11.3.

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23

Gómez, Fabiana, and Jorge Ponce. "Systemic Risk and Insurance Regulation †." Risks 6, no. 3 (2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks6030074.

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This paper provides a rationale for the macro-prudential regulation of insurance companies, where capital requirements increase in their contribution to systemic risk. In the absence of systemic risk, the formal model in this paper predicts that optimal regulation may be implemented by capital regulation (similar to that observed in practice, e.g., Solvency II ) and by actuarially fair technical reserve. However, these instruments are not sufficient when insurance companies are exposed to systemic risk: prudential regulation should also add a systemic component to capital requirements that is
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24

Albrecht, Thomas. "Interest-Rate Changes and the Value of a Non-life Insurance Company." ASTIN Bulletin 33, no. 02 (2003): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.33.2.503697.

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How does a change in the risk-free interest-rate affect the value of a non-life insurance company or portfolio? Risk managers typically argue that there should be little impact as long as assets and liabilities are properly matched. However, the risk-management perspective focuses on existing assets and liabilities, while neglecting the value of future business potential. This paper argues that interest-rate changes can have a significant impact on the appraisal value of a non-life insurance company, even if assets and liabilities are matched. This impact can be positive as well as negative, d
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Albrecht, Thomas. "Interest-Rate Changes and the Value of a Non-life Insurance Company." ASTIN Bulletin 33, no. 2 (2003): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0515036100013507.

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How does a change in the risk-free interest-rate affect the value of a non-life insurance company or portfolio? Risk managers typically argue that there should be little impact as long as assets and liabilities are properly matched. However, the risk-management perspective focuses on existing assets and liabilities, while neglecting the value of future business potential. This paper argues that interest-rate changes can have a significant impact on the appraisal value of a non-life insurance company, even if assets and liabilities are matched. This impact can be positive as well as negative, d
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Sinha, Ram Pratap, and Nitish Datta. "Performance Benchmarking of Indian Life Insurers." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 5, no. 2 (2015): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2015070104.

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In the last one decade, the life insurance companies operating in India have made significant progress in terms of business consolidation. In view of the same, it is of interest to make an enquiry about the operating performance of these companies. The present paper compares fifteen life insurance companies operating in India for the period 2005-06 to 2009-10 using the Hybrid Efficiency Model (Tone,2004). The Hybrid Model provides a unified framework for the estimation of technical efficiency integrating the radial and non-radial characterisation of inputs and outputs. The results from the stu
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Pervan, Maja, Marijana Ćurak, and Tomislava Pavić Kramarić. "Has Accession to the European Union Affected the Efficiency of Croatian Insurance Companies?" Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 24, no. 1 (2021): 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2021-0004.

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Abstract Accession of Croatia to the EU brought legal, regulatory and market changes for the insurance companies. The question that arises is whether the new environment in which the companies operate has improved their efficiency. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to separately estimate the efficiency of non-life and life insurance industry in Croatia and to compare it through the period before (2009-2012) and after (2013-2018) Croatian accession to the EU. The research is based on the Data Envelopment Analysis and the obtained results indicate an average increase in overall technical eff
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28

Keiding, Niels, Christian Andersen, and Peter Fledelius. "The Cox Regression Model for Claims Data m Non-Life Insurance." ASTIN Bulletin 28, no. 1 (1998): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.28.1.519081.

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AbstractThe Cox regression model is a standard tool in survival analysis for studying the dependence of a hazard rate on covariates (parametrically) and time (nonparametrically). This paper is a case study intended to indicate possible applications to non-life insurance, particularly occurrence of claims and rating.We studied individuals from one Danish county holding policies in auto, property and household insurance simultaneously at some point during the four year period 1988-1991 in one company. The hazard of occurrence of claims of each type was studied as function of calendar time, time
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29

Kocovic, Jelena, and Marija Koprivica. "An internal model for measuring premium risk when determining solvency of non-life insurers." Ekonomski anali 63, no. 217 (2018): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1817099k.

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Under contemporary dynamic approaches the solvency of insurance companies is determined by measuring the risks that threaten their business. This paper presents an internal model for measuring premium risk when evaluating the solvency of non-life insurers. The solvency capital requirement is calculated on the basis of a compound distribution of insurance portfolio aggregate claim amount, resulting from combining separately modelled claim frequency and severity distributions, with prior verification of earned technical premium sufficiency. The practical application of the model is illustrated b
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30

Wright, P. W., S. J. Burgess, R. G. Chadburn, et al. "A Review of the Statutory Valuation of Long-Term Insurance Business in the United Kingdom." British Actuarial Journal 4, no. 4 (1998): 803–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700000209.

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ABSTRACTThis paper considers the approaches currently used by life offices for statutory valuations, and proposes a number of changes to current practice. It builds on the earlier work of Philip Scott's Working Party and a working party which reported on all aspects of unitised with-profits business to the 1996 CILA conference.Recommendations are made for each of the major categories of long-term business, in particular for the introduction of a bonus reserve standard for accumulating with-profits business, whilst retaining the net premium standard for conventional with-profits business. It is
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SAEFULOH, SANI, I. NYOMAN WIDANA, and LUH PUTU IDA HARINI. "PERHITUNGAN PREMI TAHUNAN TIDAK KONSTAN DAN CADANGAN BENEFIT ASURANSI LAST SURVIVOR DWIGUNA." E-Jurnal Matematika 9, no. 2 (2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2020.v09.i02.p286.

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Last Survivor Insurance is life insurance for two or more participants with premiums paid until the death of the last participant. This study discusses last survivor endowment insurance for two participants in a married couple. Compensation is paid after the second person dies or both stills alive after the end of a contract. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of non-constant annual premium and benefits reserves in the last survivor endowment insurance. The equivalence principle is used for calculation of premiums. Furthermore, the benefit reserve formula is determined using a
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Jarraya, Bilel, and Abdelfettah Bouri. "A new assessment approach of technical efficiency and productivity in European non-life insurance companies." International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting 7, no. 3/4 (2015): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmfa.2015.074901.

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Yu, Fangping, Hang Chen, Jiaqi Luo, and Haibo Kuang. "Measuring Total Factor Productivity of China Provincial Non-Life Insurance Market: A DEA-Malmquist Index Method." Scientific Programming 2021 (September 14, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3022658.

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The unbalanced economic development results in the difference in operating efficiency of the non-life insurance industry in China’s provinces; based on the DEA-Malmquist index method, this paper investigates the provincial differences, dynamic change characteristics, and causes of non-life insurance productivity in 31 provinces of China from 2004 to 2017. The results show that in the sample period, there are significant differences between provinces and regions in China’s non-life insurance efficiency, which generally shows the echelon spatial characteristics of “strong in the west and weak in
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Asmussen, Søren, Bent Jesper Christensen, and Julie Thøgersen. "Stackelberg Equilibrium Premium Strategies for Push-Pull Competition in a Non-Life Insurance Market with Product Differentiation." Risks 7, no. 2 (2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks7020049.

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Two insurance companies I 1 , I 2 with reserves R 1 ( t ) , R 2 ( t ) compete for customers, such that in a suitable differential game the smaller company I 2 with R 2 ( 0 ) < R 1 ( 0 ) aims at minimizing R 1 ( t ) − R 2 ( t ) by using the premium p 2 as control and the larger I 1 at maximizing by using p 1 . Deductibles K 1 , K 2 are fixed but may be different. If K 1 > K 2 and I 2 is the leader choosing its premium first, conditions for Stackelberg equilibrium are established. For gamma-distributed rates of claim arrivals, explicit equilibrium premiums are obtained, and shown to depend
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Lopez, Olivier, Xavier Milhaud, and Pierre-E. Thérond. "A TREE-BASED ALGORITHM ADAPTED TO MICROLEVEL RESERVING AND LONG DEVELOPMENT CLAIMS." ASTIN Bulletin 49, no. 03 (2019): 741–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2019.12.

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AbstractIn non-life insurance, business sustainability requires accurate and robust predictions of reserves related to unpaid claims. To this aim, two different approaches have historically been developed: aggregated loss triangles and individual claim reserving. The former has reached operational great success in the past decades, whereas the use of the latter still remains limited. Through two illustrative examples and introducing an appropriate tree-based algorithm, we show that individual claim reserving can be really promising, especially in the context of long-term risks.
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Terdpaopong, Kanitsorn, and Robert C. Rickards. "Thai Non-Life Insurance Companies’ Resilience and the Historic 2011 Floods: Some Recommendations for Greater Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 8890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168890.

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The severe flooding occurring in parts of Thailand in 2011 constituted the fifth most costly catastrophe worldwide during the past 31 years. Many businesses suffered either directly or indirectly. A sharp downturn in the country’s economy resulted, with Thai non-life insurance companies’ annual losses totaling USD 4.1 bn. Focusing first on changes in their key performance indicators (KPIs) as evidence of their financial resilience, this study analyses data for 58 companies from 2008–2010 (years prior to the flooding), 2011 (the flood year), and 2012–2014 (the immediate post-flood years). Descr
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37

Stempel, Ryszard. "Performance of the Polish Insurance Sector in the Second Decade of the 21st Century." Olsztyn Economic Journal 15, no. 3 (2020): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.6542.

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The study analyzes the performance of the Polish insurance sector between 2010 and 2019. The analysis was based on source materials from the Statistical Yearbook published by Statistics Poland (GUS), reports of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) and the Polish Chamber of Insurance (PIU). The main indicators describing the performance of the insurance market, including its concentration, number of policies, market structure, competitiveness, consumer behavior, and the financial performance of insurance companies were identified and analyzed.
 The strengths and weaknesses of t
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Hesselager, Ole. "A Markov Model for Loss Reserving." ASTIN Bulletin 24, no. 2 (1994): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.24.2.2005064.

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AbstractThe claims generating process for a non-life insurance portfolio is modelled as a marked Poisson process, where the mark associated with an incurred claim describes the development of that claim until final settlement. An unsettled claim is at any point in time assigned to a state in some state-space, and the transitions between different states are assumed to be governed by a Markovian law. All claims payments are assumed to occur at the time of transition between states. We develop separate expressions for the IBNR and RBNS reserves, and the corresponding prediction errors.
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Ilyas, Ashiq Mohd, and S. Rajasekaran. "An empirical investigation of efficiency and productivity in the Indian non-life insurance market." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26, no. 7 (2019): 2343–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-01-2019-0039.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the performance of the Indian non-life (general) insurance sector in terms of efficiency, productivity and returns-to-scale economies. In addition to this, it identifies the determinants of efficiency. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) bootstrap approach to estimate the level and determinants of efficiency. In the first stage, the DEA bootstrap approach is employed to estimate bias-corrected efficiency scores. In the second stage, the truncated bootstrapped regression is used to identify th
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Hinrichs, Gerriet, and Henning Bundtzen. "Impact of COVID-19 on personal insurance sales – Evidence from Germany." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 5, no. 1 (2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.5(1).80-86.2021.

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The occupation of insurance agent involves establishing a relationship of trust with the customer and providing personal and customized advice as a prerequisite for successful sales. This paper summarizes the scientific discussion about the occupation of an insurance salesperson. Coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions have limited face-to-face meetings and complicated large parts of this occupation. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of these restrictions on the sales of 130 insurance branches, comparing the sales of 2019 and 2020 separately by insurance type. This period
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Malik, Adnan, Zahoor Khan, Sami Ullah Khan, and Malik Muhammad. "Comprehensive and Technical Efficiency of Insurance and Takaful Companies in Pakistan." COMSATS Journal of Islamic Finance 5, no. 2 (2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26652/cjif.5202021.

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Comprehensive and Technical Efficiency of Insurance and Takaful Companies in Pakistan Insurance and Takaful companies, both, are business organizations existing for the motive of profit. Large capital is required by the shareholders to establish a company; therefore, the company is expected to earn sufficient profit to meet the expectations of the shareholders. Moreover, a company also has its responsibilities towards its customers in terms of quality service. Shareholders are more concerned with their profit and customers regarding the services. Companies pay claims when the covered persons s
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Iqbal, Muhammad. "PENGELOLAAN DANA TABARRU’ ASURANSI JIWA SYARIAH DALAM PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DI BANK SUMSEL BABEL CABANG SYARIAH BATURAJA." Medina-Te : Jurnal Studi Islam 13, no. 1 (2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/medinate.v13i1.1540.

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The existence of insurance in the modern era which is the embryo of conventional insurance based gharar, maysir, and usury ', making Islamic legal experts react by conducting research and analysis of the issue. The result proves that in Islamic law contains substance of insurance which can avoid the operational principle of gharar, maysir, and usury element '. This study aims to explain how the management of tabarru funds' sharia life insurance in murabahah financing in Bank Sumsel Babel Branch Sharia Baturaja. Insurance company that made the object of research is PT. Asuransi Bangun Askrida U
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Nourani, Mohammad, Evelyn Shyamala Devadason, and VGR Chandran. "MEASURING TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF INSURANCE COMPANIES USING DYNAMIC NETWORK DEA: AN INTERMEDIATION APPROACH." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 24, no. 5 (2018): 1909–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2017.1303649.

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This study measures technical efficiency of the Malaysian insurance companies using a new framework for performance efficiency, built on the intermediation approach, by decomposing the complex service processes of insurance companies into two functional divisions, premium accumulation and investment capability. The study employs a dynamic network data envelopment analysis for performance evaluation of insurer (life, general and composite insurers) and ownership (local and foreign) types, spanning the period 2007–2014. The findings reveal a lack of efficiency in the investment capability functi
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Meher, Kishor, Abebe Asfawu, Maheswaran Muthuraman, and Sanjay Kumar Satapathy. "Assessment of measurement and ranking of technical efficiencies of Ethiopian general insurers." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 4 (2020): 334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.27.

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The non-life insurance companies indemnify the properties from the risk of being damaged due to unforeseen events like natural calamity or accidents. The probability of bankruptcy is imminent on account of large, unprecedented claims. As a risk saver of various society stakeholders, these insurers must be efficient while managing the insurance business. The present research thrusts upon to evaluate the efficiency and decomposition that would further direct the insurers towards achieving optimal scale. Thus, the captioned research aims to measure and rank the technical efficiency of the general
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Pallaria, Antonio, and Nino Savelli. "Premium Risk Net of Reinsurance: From Short-Term to Medium-Term Assessment." Risks 7, no. 3 (2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks7030072.

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Solvency II requirements introduced new issues for actuarial risk management in non-life insurance, challenging the market to have a consciousness of its own risk profile, and also investigating the sensitivity of the solvency ratio depending on the insurance risks and technical results on either a short-term and medium-term perspective. For this aim, in the present paper, a partial internal model for premium risk is developed for three multi-line non-life insurers, and the impact of some different business mixes is analyzed. Furthermore, the risk-mitigation and profitability impact of reinsur
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Ferguson, Andrew, and Gabriel Pündrich. "Does Industry Specialist Assurance of Non-Financial Information Matter to Investors?" AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 34, no. 2 (2014): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50930.

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SUMMARY Previous studies in the financial economics literature highlight the value of non-financial information in Internet and telephony stocks (Amir and Lev 1996; Trueman, Wong, and Zhang 2001). Other studies consider the financial and share price performance implications of assurance of non-financial information such as ISO 9000 certification (Corbett, Montes-Sancho, and Kirsch 2005), Total Quality Management awards (Hendricks and Singhal 1997), and non-financial information disclosure (Coram, Monroe, and Woodliff 2009). However, prior studies have occurred in settings where disclosure and
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Botvina, Natalia. "Formation of the insurance market in Ukraine: realities and problems." Economic Analysis, no. 29(4) (2019): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2019.04.132.

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Insurance is one of the important financial segments of the national economy, where financial and investment resources are formed, accumulated, redistributed and used, and there is an interaction between producers and consumers of insurance products. The financial condition of most insurers is quite low and does not provide them with competitive advantages even in the domestic insurance market. The decisive factor in the opacity of insurance processes is determined by the insurers of circuit transactions. Public reporting of insurers does not contribute to an objective diagnosis of their finan
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Varnell, E. M. "Economic Scenario Generators and Solvency II." British Actuarial Journal 16, no. 1 (2011): 121–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321711000079.

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AbstractThe Solvency II Directive mandates insurance firms to value their assets and liabilities using market consistent valuation. For many types of insurance business Economic Scenario Generators (ESGs) are the only practical way to determine the market consistent value of liabilities. The directive also allows insurance companies to use an internal model to calculate their solvency capital requirement. In particular, this includes use of ESG models. Regardless of whether an insurer chooses to use an internal model, Economic Scenario Generators will be the only practical way of valuing many
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Вишнепольский, Евгений Валериевич, Дмитрий Викторович Павленко та Ярослав Викторович Двирнык. "ПРОГНОЗИРУЕМЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ УПРОЧНЕНИЯ АЛМАЗНЫМ ВЫГЛАЖИВАНИЕМ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ С ПОМОЩЬЮ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ЛАЗЕРНОГО СПЕКАНИЯ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 7 (31 серпня 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.7.11.

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The analysis of the possibility of expanding the scope of selective laser sintering technology has been made for the production of parts of short-range gas turbine aircraft engines due to the strengthening of stress concentration points by local plastic deformation by diamond smoothing. The technical, economic, and social effects of the application of this technology have been considered.The stress-strain state of complex-shaped thin-walled parts such as a disk and a monowheel of a short-life aircraft engine during their manufacture according to the traditional techniques from the compact mate
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Vilchkovski, Eduard, and Volodymyr Pasichnyk. "The Causes and the Prevention of Traumatism in School Children in Physical Education and Sports Classes." Physical education, sports and health culture in modern society, no. 1(37) (March 31, 2017): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2017-01-118-123.

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Traumatism of schoolchildren in physical education and sports, according to questioned teachers, has assorted reasons. The main ones are: violation of discipline by students, failure to observe safety rules, inept insurance and selfinsurance, unsatisfactory technical condition of sports equipment and places for physical culture and sports. The most traumatic means of physical education teachers consider team sports games (soccer, handball, basketball), during which it is possible to injure hands and feet with hard drops on the ground or collisions with rivals, blowing the ball into the face or
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