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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Technika DGT'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Gregušová, Michaela. "Modifikace techniky difúzních gelů (DGT) pro charakterizaci přírodních systémů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233319.

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Diffusive gradient in thin film technique (DGT) represents a relatively new approach for in situ determinations of labile metal-species in aquatic systems. The DGT device passively accumulates labile species from the solution while deployed in situ, and therefore contamination problems associated with conventional collection and filtration procedures are eliminated. This study deals with a possible modification of DGT technique. The key of using DGT technique for speciation analysis of metals is to find out suitable binding phase and diffusion layer. The new resin gel based on Spheron Oxin (5 sulphophenyl-azo-8-hydroxyquinoline) ion exchanger with a higher selectivity to trace metals than Chelex 100 could potentially provide more information on metals speciation in aquatic systems. The performance of this new binding phase was tested for the determination of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and U under laboratory conditions. The hydrogel layer based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was synthesized and tested as a new diffusion gel for application in DGT technique.
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2

Trávníčková, Jana. "Transport kovů v systému půda/rostlina. Porovnání metody aktivního a pasivního vzorkování (Technika difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu)." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233341.

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The doctoral thesis deals with comparison between copper uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and concentration of copper measured by a DGT-device and concentration of copper obtained by extraction with generally used extraction agents (HNO3, NaNO3 and water). Plants were cultivated in pot experiments on a tested non-treated and gradually spiked soil. The amount of copper was determined in various part of radish (whole plant, above- and below-ground part) after mineralization in the APION mineralizer by ET – AAS. The highest concentration was in belowground part, especially in root tissues and sheel of root bulb. It confirms copper is associated with cell walls. The amount of copper taken by radish up does not pass beyond sanitary standards not even in spiked soils and consummation of radish is not unhealthy. Good correlations were found between copper concentration in radish and the amount of copper extracted with HNO3, NaNO3 and water and the amount found in soil solution. Results of extraction with HNO3 confirmed the amount of copper was stable in spiked soils during the pot experiments. The DGT experiments have shown that the rate of resupply from the solid phase to soil solution is constant during the deployment time. Whereas the release of copper decreases after 24 hours in natural soil. Copper added to soil in form of cupric ions is present in the different form after one month-equilibration than copper present in unspiked soils. The results obtained by DGT measurements were approximately up to two orders of magnitude lower than copper concentration obtained by leaching with sodium nitrate. The extraction with sodium nitrate does not provide true reflection of metal availability to plant root system and soil microorganism. High values of correlation coefficients (R2 > 0,9) were found between concentration of copper in radish plant and the concentration of copper in soil solution measured by DGT technique. Concentration of copper in soil solution was three times higher than concentration measured by DGT technique. Soil solution contains species of copper that are not measured by DGT technique and available to plants. Concentration of metals obtained by DGT measurements is more closely to real concentration of bioavailable forms of metal in soil. Therefore it is possible to recommend the DGT technique as a technique for determination of bioavailable forms of copper in soils.
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Finsterlová, Hana. "Studium vlastností sorpčních gelů pro stanovení rtuti technikou DGT." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216541.

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The aim of this thesis is testing of resin gels used in diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for determination of mercury in natural waters. The sorbets, chosen for preparation of resing gels were: Duolit GT- 73, Spheron- Thiol, and Chelex 100 and newly modified sorbent Iontosorb AV. At the beginning of work, the preparation procedure of all resing gels was optimized. After optimalization of preparation procedure the resin gels were tested in mercury model solutions. The recovery test and time dependence test were performed. When the basic tests were finished, they were followed by the tests of influence of natural ligand (humic acids and chlorides), and other parameters (above all pH and ionic strenght), on mercury determination by DGT technique.
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Bořek, Tomáš. "Toxické kovy ve vodě a sedimentech vodní nádrže Brno." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216543.

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Diploma thesis deals with usage of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for the determination of labile metal species in the surface water and sediments of Brno water reservoir. Sediment and water samples were collected on the selected sides of Brno water reservoir on September and October 2008. The DGT technique was used for determination of depth profiles of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Al. The DGT probes with three different thicknesses of diffusive layer were applied into the sediment samples. The obtained results gave the information about release of metals from solid phase into the pore water of sediment. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in sediments were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave decomposition. The DGT technique was used also for determination of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in surface water from Brno water reservoir.
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Szkandera, Roman. "Testování modifikovaných sorbetů Iontosorb pro užití v technice difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu (DGT)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216360.

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6-mercaptopurine was joined by diazotation and copulation reactions on Iontosorb AV. Presence of thiol groups in modified resin was showed by infrared spectrometry. Amount of thiol groups was determined by iodometric titration. Resin gel was preparated from modified resin and agarose and both of them were tested for mercury determination by DGT technique.
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6

Szkandera, Roman. "Vývoj techniky difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu (DGT) pro stanoveni rtuti ve vodných systémech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233340.

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The theoretical part of this doctoral thesis deals with determination of mercury and its species in aquatic systems. Special attention is paid to the use in situ sampling technique diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) and its development. Current resin gels used for determination of mercury by DGT technique Duolite GT-73, Chelex-100 and Spheron-Thiol are described. Moreover, new types of resin gels including Iontosorb AV modified by imidazole or 6-mercaptopurine and commercially available titanium dioxide. Preparations of resin gels and their basic tests in model solution according to DGT Research are described. Mercury accumulation in relation to time and basic recovery test were tested and capacity of resins was determined. All tested resins meet the requirements of basic DGT Research tests and relative standard deviations of mercury in recovery tests were lower than 10 %. The sorption capacity of resins varied from 1,5 to 6 µmol.l-1 and decreased in following order: Duolite GT-73 > ISAV-IM > Chelex-100 > Spheron-Thiol > TiO2 > ISAV-MP. Mercury sorption on resins was investigated under conditions similar to those in natural waters. It was found that the ionic strength commonly occurring in natural waters does not affect the determination of mercury. The presence of chlorides significantly affects the determination of mercury using DGT with titanium dioxide and therefore this sorbent can not be recommended for the determination of mercury in sea waters. The accumulated amount of mercury, depending on the pH shows that all the sorbents can be used in natural waters with pH in the range form 4 to 8. Mercury sorption is most affected by the presence of humic acids, especially at ion-exchange resins containing other than thiol functional groups. The exception is titanium dioxide for which physical sorption of humic acid metal complexes is typical. Cadmium and copper in model solutions in the molar balance of the excess mostly influenced the sorption of mercury on Chelex-100 and Spheron-Thiol resins. After laboratory tests, the DGT units with studied sorbents were used for the determination of mercury in natural waters of South Moravia (Svratka, Jihlava and Svitava river). Mercury concentration determined using DGT units containing Duolite GT-73 resin was comparable to the total dissolved concentration of mercury in river water provided by direct determination using AAS technique. Order of magnitude smaller concentrations than the total dissolved mercury concentration were found using DGT containing Spheron-Thiol and ISAV-MP resins. These sorbents are probably able to capture only mercury present in the form of labile complexes. This can be used for speciation analysis if more DGT units with different resins are deployed together. Subtracting the measured DGT Spheron-Thiol or ISAV-MP concentrations from the DGT Duolite GT-73 concentration, information about the amount of mercury present in the form of stabile complexes can be obtained. The amount of mercury determined after application of DGT units containing ISAV-IM, Chelex 100 or TiO2 can probably represent the mercury fraction bound in even weaker complexes than fraction determined by Spheron-Thiol and ISAV-MP DGT.
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7

Němec, Tomáš. "Formy vybraných kovů ve vodních systémech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216358.

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The diffusive gradient in thin films technique (DGT) was used to measure concentration of labile metal-species (Cu, Ni, Pb) in the waste water from Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology.
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8

Paříková, Lucie. "Rtuť v odpadních vodách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216362.

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In the time period from November to April of the academic year 2007/2008 presence of mercury and its forms was monitored in the waste waters of Faculty of Chemistry, VUT in Brno. The level of mercury was determined as total mercury with help of the atomic absorption spectrometry method and in available forms by diffusive gradient in thin film technique.
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9

Kovaříková, Vladěna. "Vývoj gelových technik pro in situ měření biodostupných forem kovů v půdách a sedimentech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233310.

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The doctoral thesis deals with usage of gel techniques for in situ measurement of bioavailable metals in soils and sediments. The DGT technique was applied to soil samples from the localities of Zlín, Tuřany and Chrlice for estimation of bioavailable metals in soils. These soils were amended by sewage sludges in years 1980-1987. The experiment using diffusive gels with different pore size, APA and RG gels, has shown that the DGT can be used for assessment of trace metal soil complexes - small inorganic and larger organic. The results obtained by DGT measurements were approximately up to two orders of magnitude lower than metal concentrations obtained by leaching with sodium nitrate. The leaching with sodium nitrate does not provide true reflection of metal availability to plant root system and soil microorganisms and the DGT technique seems to be a better predictor of metal bioavailability. Only small differences between undisturbed and homogenized soil samples were found out by application of DGT to soil samples from localities of Veverská Bítýška and Ostrovačice. The undisturbed soil is not homogenous and the DGT unit gives information only about the part of the soil which is in direct contact with the unit. The procedure with soil slurry can be recommended for the characterization of large soil areas and estimation of bioavailable metals in soils. Gel techniques were also used for the study of processes occuring in sediments. Mercury species and other metals were analysed in surface water, pore water and sediments collected from two sampling sites in the Dele River in northern France. This river had been polluted during the last century by the activity of Métaleurop factory, which dealt with metal ore treatment. The application of DGT technique using two specific ion-exchange resins, Chelex-100 and Duolite GT-73, provided assessment of mercury in sediment pore water. DGT and DET techniques together with centrifugation provided also high resolution depth profiles of Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd in pore water. It is not possible to determine which sampling site was more contaminated. Only small differences in mercury species and metal content were observed between sampling sites. The Dele River can be classified as contaminated river according to total mercury content in sediments and as slightly contaminated river from the point of view of methylmercury content. Correlations between mercury species and sulphide content confirm that total mercury and sulphide content count among factors influencing the mercury release to pore water and controlling processes of methylation and demethylation. Only low toxicity of sediment slurries was found out by the bioluminiscence test with Vibrio fischeri. The results of doctoral thesis demonstrate gel techniques as a very good tool in environmental analysis.
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10

Jaša, Petr. "Techniky pro získávání dat v genomice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412789.

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First of all, this thesis sets itself a goal to introduce some common technics for datamining in genomics and as a next step to implement own algorithm like algorithm BLAST. In the concrete, this work is pointed to sequences of DNA. The DNA sequence contains in itself genetic information, which is template for living organism. For explanation this information can be used number of technics. This paper describes algorithm Fasta and algorithms from BLAST family. With these algorithms, it is possible to gain a lot of important information even about such DNA sequences, where only primary structure is known. Principle of these algorithms is based on alignments of one query sequence, which we want to obtain some information from, with many sequences stored in database. According to result alignment, it is possible to determine many features of the query sequence.
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11

Habartová, Aneta. "Stanovení mikroprvků v mléce pomocí ICP-OES po extrakci technikou DGT." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433555.

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This thesis is focused on determination of microelements (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb a Zn) in milk by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) after extraction by Diffusion Gradients in Thin films technique (DGT) containing Chelex 100 resin gel and agarose diffusion gel. The optimalization of DGT in model metal solutions was verified by recommended basic tests. The performance of the DGT technique in the diluted milk matrix was verified. By DGT technique was determined only Zn in real milk matrix with concentration 3,74 ± 0,02 mg/l. The other microelements in the prepared eluate were at or below the limit of detection of the instrumental method. The obtained results were compared with the analysis of milk after microwave digestion by ICP-OES. However, these results were below the detection limit of the device too, only Zn with concentration 3,91 ± 0,16 mg/l was measured. For the future analysis of the selected microelements in milk by DGT technique, further optimization of the preconcentration technique is required, or use of a more sensitive instrumental method.
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12

Prajer, Jiří. "Analýza burzovních dat." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77888.

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The thesis describes the stock exchange environment, the system and its basic operating principles. The thesis further focuses on the stock exchange data and its analysis. The author describes the development of the technical analysis; he mentions the classical theory and the classical graphical methods, the modern graphical methods, the technical indicators and finally the latest analytical methods, the so-called Artificial Intelligence. The research focuses on the real stock market prediction using the artificial intelligence methods and knowledge of the modern technical analysis.
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13

Utler, Richard. "Srovnání vybraných technik sběru dat kvantitativního výzkumu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262389.

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The thesis analyses the differences that result from using of specific data collection method, computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) and computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI). The main findings are based on election model built by research agency TNS Aisa for elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in 2013. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether the chosen method of data collection influences the results of the estimated electoral preferences, to determine in which sociodemographic categories it is happening and whether the differences in the obtained data are related to the ideological orientation of the political parties. The dependence of the results on the data collection method is assessed by the chi-quadrate independence test. Further, through personal interviews with researchers, it is determined at what stage of the research process the data may be distorted and what its possible causes are. The benefit of the thesis is the finding that the chosen method of collection influences the established preferences among voters aged 30-44, university graduates and voters living in Prague. In these groups, the left-hand side ČSSD is preferred more by personal interviewing and right-handed TOP 09 through telephone interviewing. The collection of data itself was evaluated by the most risky phase of the research process, in which possible distortion could occur. While the accuracy of personal interviewing depends largely on the interviewer's personality, the sources of distortion of the telephone inquiry result more from the nature of the use of the phone itself.
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14

Novák, Vlastimil. "Statistické charakteristiky obchodních dat finančního trhu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236466.

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The object of master's thesis is to introduce to the financial derivatives and principals of trading on financial markets. We describe the methods used to search for arbitrage opportunities through statistical indicators and statistical characteristics, which are an integral part of the automatized trading systems. Analysis of the financial market is based on data derived from the interbank market.
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15

Sattouf, Mousa. "Systém snímání dat a ovládání vodní elektrárny prostřednictvím internetové techniky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233685.

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Vodní energie se nyní stala nejlepším zdrojem elektrické energie na zemi. Vyrábí se pomocí energie poskytované pohybem nebo pádem vody. Historie dokazuje, že náklady na tuto elektrickou energii zůstávají konstantní v průběhu celého roku. Vzhledem k mnoha výhodám, většina zemí nyní využívá vodní energie jako hlavní zdroj pro výrobu elektrické energie.Nejdůležitější výhodou je, že vodní energie je zelená energie, což znamená, že žádné vzdušné nebo vodní znečišťující látky nejsou vyráběny, také žádné skleníkové plyny jako oxid uhličitý nejsou vyráběny, což činí tento zdroj energie šetrný k životnímu prostředí. A tak brání nebezpečí globálního oteplování. Použití internetové techniky k ovladání několika vodních elektráren má velmi významné výhody, jako snížení provozních nákladů a flexibilitu uspokojení změny poptávky po energii na straně spotřeby. Také velmi efektivně čelí velkým narušením elektrické sítě, jako je například přidání nebo odebrání velké zátěže, a poruch. Na druhou stranu, systém získávání dat poskytuje velmi užitečné informace pro typické i vědecké analýzy, jako jsou ekonomické náklady, predikce poruchy systémů, predikce poptávky, plány údržby, systémů pro podporu rozhodování a mnoho dalších výhod. Tato práce popisuje všeobecný model, který může být použit k simulaci pro sběr dat a kontrolní systémy pro vodní elektrárny v prostředí Matlab / Simulink a TrueTime Simulink knihovnu. Uvažovaná elektrárna sestává z vodní turbíny připojené k synchronnímu generátoru s budicí soustavou, generátor je připojen k veřejné elektrické síti. Simulací vodní turbíny a synchronního generátoru lze provést pomocí různých simulačních nástrojů. V této práci je upřednostňován SIMULINK / MATLAB před jinými nástroji k modelování dynamik vodní turbíny a synchronního stroje. Program s prostředím MATLAB SIMULINK využívá k řešení schematický model vodní elektrárny sestavený ze základních funkčních bloků. Tento přístup je pedagogicky lepší než komplikované kódy jiných softwarových programů. Knihovna programu Simulink obsahuje funkční bloky, které mohou být spojovány, upravovány a modelovány. K vytvoření a simulování internetových a Real Time systémů je možné použít bud‘ knihovnu simulinku Real-Time nebo TRUETIME, v práci byla použita knihovna TRUETIME.
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Cirhanová, Iva. "Zpracování dat z online diagnostického systému." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443756.

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This master thesis deals with data processing from an online diagnostic system. The theoretical part of the work is divided into three chapters, the first deals with technical diagnostics as such, there are basic terminology and concepts associated with technical diagnostics, such as diagnostic methods, tools, models and signals. The second part is focused on diagnostic systems and their division. This chapter also provides some examples of online diagnostic monitoring systems from three different companies. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the description of the possibilities of data collection from diagnostic systems, ie. description of communication buses and protocols. The practical part of this work focuses on creating an application for data collection and visualization.
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Kříž, Jakub. "Algoritmické obchodování na burze s využitím dat z Twitteru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264940.

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This master's thesis describes creation of prediction system. This system predicts future market development based on stock exchange data and twitter messages analysis. Tweets from two different sources are analysed by mood dictionaries or via recurrent neural networks. This analysis results and technical analysis of stock exchange data results are used in multilayer neural network for prediction. A business strategy is created and tested based on results of this prediction. Design and implementation of prediction system is described in this thesis. This system achieved revenue increase more than 25 % of some business strategies by tweets analysis. However this improvement applies for certain data and timeframe.
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Kropáč, Jiří. "Technicko-ekonomická analýza dat z provozu moderní spalovny komunálních odpadů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228089.

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The goal of this work is compilation of computational model of thermal stage and heat recovery block of modern unit for thermal processing of municipal solid waste. The model is based on mass and enthalpy balances and it makes possible to estimate the value of energy transferred to water in secondary combustion chamber, outside the heat recovery blok. The model is verified by implementation of real operational data of an up-to-date unit with annual capacity of 100 kt for thermal processing of municipal solid waste and then it is used for analysis of changing input parameters, i. e. change in lower heating value of incinerated waste.
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Kutina, Michal. "Analýza burzovních dat metodami UI." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15866.

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The graduation thesis "Analysis of stock-exchange data using AI methods" is focused on the use of neural networks while predicating the exchange-rate movements on Change. The theoretical part is divided into three independent units. The Change matters and the related individual terms are described in the first part. In the second part, the two basic approaches to the stock-exchange data analysis are analyzed, these two approaches being the fundamental and technical analysis. The third, and the last, theoretical part forms an individual unit describing the Artificial Intelligence theory. Particularly the issue of the neuronal networks is described in detail. The practical part seeks the use for the chosen neuronal network GAME. It analyses the chosen YMZ9 market. It focuses on the prediction of the exchange-rate movements using the "sliding window" method. The last chapter summarizes the results and it proves that under certain circumstances it is possible to properly use the neuronal networks both for the prediction of the stock-exchange movements and as one of the corner-stones of the profitable trading system.
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Rakovčík, Jakub. "Vybrané metody predikce vývoje mezinárodních finančních trhů na základě historických dat." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76789.

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First chapter describes International Financial Markets. Second chapter describes market fundamental analysis. Third chapter describes market technical analysis and efficient market hypothesis testing. Fourth chapter discusses market psychological analysis. Fifth chapter encompasses other theoretical background to be used in application. Sixth chapter deals with application of fundamental and technical analysis on a tennis betting market having found parallels between the sports betting markets and financial markets.
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Macek, Michal. "Vývoj mobilních aplikací pro vzdálené ovládání přístrojové techniky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254478.

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The presented work describes the growing trend of using mobile devices to control laboratory instruments and displaying of measured data. The main objective is the application development for mobile devices, which will allow to remotely control and measure with laboratory instruments. The practical part is focused to programming mobile application which will be able by using the local network to connect multiple laboratory instruments, setting them for different types of measurements and then display measured data.
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Novák, Josef. "Metody analýzy spolehlivostních dat z provozu a zkoušek letadel." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233972.

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The doctoral thesis deals with reliability (dependability) analyses of operation and testing data of the Airplanes. Requirements of airworthiness regulations on aircraft hydraulic systems (with a focus on US FAR-23 and European CS-23 regulations) are taken into account. Mentioned regulations include requirements for the structural design, design of systems, etc. They cover wide range of airplanes from small sport airplanes to 19-seats transport aircraft. Also options for predictive reliability analyses (resources) and reliability tests are discussed in the doctoral thesis. Practical application is done on small transport airplane (currently in the development). The failure report is designed. Expected major contribution of the work is selection and practical application of the most suitable procedures for safety assessment on the field of aircraft hydraulic systems, with a focus on the small transport aircraft. Also the comparison to different data source is shown.
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Rolander, Erik, and David Bagge. "Teknisk analys : Är det lönsamt att vara trendig?" Thesis, Linköping University, Business Administration, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57375.

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Trading based on technical analysis has its roots in the U.S. financial industry where it has long been common practice, in Sweden however the trading style has not had the same impact. Based on the results from the preliminary study we believe this is about to change and that the topic therefore requires further studying. Several online stockbrokers today provide information and tools for technical analysis to their clients. As the list of indicators to use for creating strategies is so immense it is interesting for an investor to know what actually could be the basis for a profitable investment strategy.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyze the returns from trading strategies, based on technical analysis, which professionals use when investing in Nordic shares.

The strategies that will be studied are derived from a preliminary study that was carried out before any work on this study began. The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine which strategies professionals use. The way we examine the different strategies is with a trading model built in Microsoft Excel which calculates buy and sell signals depending on which strategy is studied and then evaluates this in comparison with the buy and hold strategy. Testing has been carried out on 15 years of historical data on the most actively trades shares in Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway. The data material was divided in five different periods which were tested separately and combined. The study included six trading strategies, six time periods and five countries and consequently tested 144 different combinations of phases, markets and strategies.

We conclude that the results of our study are unambiguous as to how the investigated strategies performed in comparison with the buy and hold strategy. Overall there is a very small percentage of the studied strategies that generated excess returns in so many cases that the strategy might be considered to be good in the long term. There were clear differences between how strategies performed during different market trends, and when the strategies were tested on the entire data set which included both ups and downs there were no longer any clear connection to what strategies were viable. There were also some differences concerning the return of the various strategies but since they all performed so poorly none of them should be recommended to an investor. The study also shows that there is no big difference in how the strategies performed on the different Nordic markets.


Handel utifrån teknisk analys har sitt ursprung i den amerikanska finansbranschen där den länge varit vanligt förekommande, men Sverige har den inte haft samma genomslag. Vi anser, med förstudien som bakgrund att är på väg att förändras och därmed ett intressant ämne att studera vidare. Flera nätmäklare tillhandahåller idag information och verktyg för teknisk analys till sina kunder. Då det finns en uppsjö av verktyg att använda sig av är det intressant för en investerare att veta vilka som faktiskt kan ligga till grund för en lönsam investeringsstrategi.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och analysera avkastningen från handelsstrategier, grundade på teknisk analys, som professionella aktörer använder sig av vid investeringsbeslut i enskilda nordisk aktier.

De strategier som kommer studeras grundar sig på en förstudie som genomfördes innan arbetet med denna studie påbörjades. Syftet med förstudien var att ta reda på vilka strategier professionella aktörer använder sig av. Själva genomförandet av studien är uppbyggd kring en handelsmodell i Microsoft Excel som beräknar köp- och säljsignaler beroende på vilken strategi som testas och sedan utvärderar denna jämfört med buy and hold strategin. Tester har gjorts på 15 års historisk data för de mest omsatta aktierna i Sverige, Danmark, Finland och Norge. Tidsperioden delades in i fem faser vilka testades separat och dessutom testades hela perioden. Studien omfattade sex strategier och följaktligen testades 144 olika kombinationer av faser, marknader och strategi.

Vi kan konstatera att resultaten från vår studie är entydiga vad det gäller hur de undersökta strategierna presterade jämfört med buy and hold strategin. Sammantaget var de en liten andel som lyckades generera en överavkastning i så pass många fall att den strategin skall anses vara bra på lång sikt. Det fanns tydliga skillnader i hur de undersökta strategierna presterade under olika marknadstrender, men när strategierna testades på hela datamaterialet där det ingår både upp- och nedgångar fanns inte längre några tydliga samband för vilka strategier som var lönsamma. Det fanns även vissa skillnader gällande den avkastning som de olika strategierna genererade, men då samtliga presterade så pass dåligt bör en investera inte ägna sig åt någon av dem. Vidare visar studien på att det inte är några större skillnader mellan de nordiska marknaderna när det kommer till hur väl de olika strategierna presterar.

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Forsby, Frida, and Nike Selin. "Att leda på distans : Upplevelser av det optimala distansledarskapet." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbetshälsovetenskap och psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36582.

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Studiens syfte var att undersöka vad ett optimalt distansledarskap var och hur olika individer i ledarpositioner upplevde sitt distansledarskap, samt påvisa vilka för- och nackdelar som togs upp i denna fråga. Metoden som användes var semistrukturerade intervjuer där respondenterna hade en ledarposition. Respondenterna arbetade inom olika branscher och detta belyste en bred insikt i ämnet. Resultatet analyserades och tolkades med hjälp av relevanta artiklar samt väsentlig litteratur. Resultatet påvisade att distansledarskapet varierade i praktiken beroende på bransch, dock inte upplevelsen av distansledarskapet. Respondenterna berättade om deras upplevelse angående ett optimalt distansledarskap och hur detta kunde tillämpas i den bransch respondenten arbetade inom. Vidare kunde vi se en koppling till vår studie och den digitalisering som pågår i vårt samhälle.
The purpose of the study was to investigate what an optimal E-leadership was and how different individuals in leadership positions experienced their own E-leadership, and to demonstrate what advantages and disadvantages were addressed in this issue. The method used was semi-structured interviews where the respondents held a leadership position. The respondents worked in different industries and this shed light on a broad insight into the subject. The results were analyzed and interpreted with the help of relevant articles and essential literature. The results showed that E-leadership varied in practice depending on the industry, but not the experience of E-leadership. The respondents talked about their experience regarding optimal E-leadership and how this could be applied in the industry the respondent worked in. Furthermore, we could see a connection to our study and the digitalization that is going on in our society.
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Boutejdar, Ahmed [Verfasser], Abbas [Akademischer Betreuer] Omar, and Edmund [Akademischer Betreuer] Burte. "Entwurf, Entwicklung und Optimierung von kompakten HF-Mikrostreifen-Filtern mittels "Defected Ground Structure"-Technik (DGS) / Ahmed Boutejdar. Betreuer: Abbas Omar ; Edmund Burte." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1047203006/34.

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Boutejdar, Ahmed Verfasser], Abbas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Omar, and Edmund [Akademischer Betreuer] Burte. "Entwurf, Entwicklung und Optimierung von kompakten HF-Mikrostreifen-Filtern mittels "Defected Ground Structure"-Technik (DGS) / Ahmed Boutejdar. Betreuer: Abbas Omar ; Edmund Burte." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ma9:1-122.

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Suchá, Petra. "Analýza provozních dat ze studentského centra FIT VUT v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228307.

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This diploma thesis is dedicated to the analysis of operating data from the Brewery, a former industrial building, which has been reconstructed to a student centre of the Faculty of Information Technologies. The main goal of the work was to analyze the performance of the building and to evaluate energy savings originating from the energy saving measures that were applied during the retrofit.. The first part of the thesis focuses on the particular energy saving measures and the predictions of energy savings. The second part presents the results of the monitoring of the building and the HVAC systems during the first year of the operation of the Brewery.
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Oddgeirsson, Edmark Henrik. "Varje fartyg är unikt : Sjöbefäls upplevelser av BRM och hur det tränas." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-82489.

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Bridge Resource Management (förkortat BRM) är idag en naturlig del av handhavandet av fartyg, med syfte att öka säkerheten. Olyckorna till sjöss minskar däremot inte i den takt som de borde. Studien har därför ställt frågan om hur aktiva sjöbefäl upplever att träning i BRM kan förbättras för att bidra till ökad säkerhet, med icke-tekniska förmågor som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Slutsatsen är att inget fartyg är det andra likt när det gäller arbetet med BRM, och förhållandevis abstrakta egenskaper hos besättningen som inställning och beteende i kombination med praktisk nautisk kompetens och erfarenhet är nyckelkomponenter för fartygets säkra framförande. Varje tillfälle för BRM-träning bör också hanteras som unikt, framför allt utifrån deltagarnas specifika behov och bakgrund.
Bridge Resource Management (in short BRM) is today a natural part of ship handling, with its purpose of enhancing safety. The accidents, on the other hand, are not declining by a desired rate. This study has therefore posed the question of how working deck officers experience training in BRM and how it is contributing to safety. The theoretical basis is the concept of non-technical skills. The conclusion is that every vessel is unique when it comes to BRM. Seemingly abstract faculties as attitude and behavior shown by the crewmembers combined with practical, nautical competence and experience are key factors for safe ship handling. Every moment of BRM-training should be a unique event, and therefore arranged keeping the specific needs and background of the participants in mind.
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Ibrahim, Rikard, and Christian Kackarovski. "Online banking - det framtida bankkonceptet : En kvantitativ studie om kundlojalitet och dess bakomliggande faktorer." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-16900.

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Online banking är den mest framträdande faktorn till följd av digitaliseringen inom den finansiella världen. Det nya bankkonceptet har gett upphov till nya hot och utvecklingsmöjligheter bankerna har tvingats att anpassa sig till. Den största förändringen är att online banking erbjuder banktjänster som kan utföras oberoende av tid och plats vilket lett till att bankkontor avvecklats och den minskade fysiska kontakten mellan bank och kund blir uppenbar. En stor utmaning blir att skapa kundlojalitet, eftersom den personliga interaktionen via fysisk närvaro tidigare setts som en grundpelare för att knyta åt sig kunder. Tidigare forskning menar nu att servicekvalitet via onlinemöten, företagsimage samt teknikmognaden påverkan faktorn förtroende, som beskrivs som avgörande för kundlojalitet inom online banking. Studien har vidareutvecklat kunskapen inom forskningsområdet som har varit baserade på hypotetiska antaganden om vad som skapar kundlojalitet inom online banking. Urvalet för denna studie är unik då respondenterna har suttit på faktisk data baserad på upplevd erfarenhet gällande användningen av avancerade tjänster inom online banking. Studiens syfte är att skapa förståelse för hur kundlojalitet skapas inom online banking. Studiens har tillämpat en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi och deduktiv forskningsansats, där en kvantitativ datainsamlingsmetod i form av en internetenkät användes. Resultaten i studien baseras på 71 respondenter. Studiens resultat påvisar att faktorn förtroende inte är fullkomligt avgörande för skapandet av en lojal kund. Den påvisas uppfylla kravet för en medierad, men inte en perfekt sådan då faktorerna teknikmognad samt företagsimage påvisades ha ett signifikant samband med kundlojaliteten.
Online banking is an emerging factor due to the digitalization within the financial world. The banking concept causes threats and development opportunities which banks are facing. An attribute that online banking offers is banking services regardless of time and location. It makes the number of bank branches decrease as the physical customer meetings diminish. A challenge is to create customer loyalty as the diminishing personal interaction was a great resource to create boundaries with customers. Previous research states service quality, corporate image and technical maturity influence the trust, which is described as lethal in creating customer loyalty within the online banking concept. This study has developed knowledge within the field of sience that has been based on hypothetical assumptions regarding the creation of customer loyalty. The study is based on a unique sample since the respondents have an actual perceived experience regarding the use of advanced online banking services. The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how customer loyalty is created in an online banking business. The study has implemented a positivistic research philosophy and a deductive research approach in which a quantitative data gathering method through questionnaires online was used. The results in the study are based on 71 respondents. The results of the study show that the trust was not perfectly lethal in creating customer loyalty. It fulfilled its role as a mediating variable, but not perfectly as corporate image and technical maturity also had a significant influence on customer loyalty.
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Hermansson, Caroline, and Karolina Bergkvist. "Är off-grid framtiden för det svenska elsystemet? : En analys utifrån Flernivå-perspektivet." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44818.

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Syftet med detta examensarbete är att studera om scenariot off-grid är en potentiell riktning i framtidens svenska energilandskap, samt undersöka vad som kan driva en sådan utveckling. För detta examensarbete har en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi tillämpats, genom ett abduktivt förhållningssätt till funnen empiri och teori. En empirisk datainsamling har genomförts i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med ett tiotal aktörer på den svenska elnätsmarknaden. Därefter har en tematisk analys utförts, där det empiriska materialet ställts mot teori. Studien påvisar att det idag finns flertalet faktorer som kan vara drivande för en utveckling mot ett off-grid elsystem. I studiens empiriska material går det att finna tecken på att flertalet informanter tror att en förändring av dagens svenska elsystem behövs. Dock hur troligt det är, att en sådan förändringsprocess sker, finner studien inga belägg eller grunder för. De faktorer som skulle driva utvecklingen mot ett elsystem som karaktäriseras som off-grid kan identifieras som prisutveckling, utveckling i andra sektorer, ändrad tariffsättning, decentralisering, lagstiftning, ökad popularitet samt exempel där off-grid har realiserats.
The purpose of this master thesis is to study whether the off- grid scenario is a potential direction in the Swedish energy landscape of the future, and to investigate what can drive such development. For this master thesis, a qualitative research strategy has been applied, through an abductive approach towards the found empirical material and theory. An empirical data collection has been carried out in the form of semi-structured interviews with ten actors in the Swedish electricity grid market. Subsequently, a thematic analysis has been carried out, in which the empirical material is set against the theory. The study shows that there today are several factors that can drive the development towards an off-grid electricity system in Sweden. In the study’s empirical material, it is possible to find signs that most informants believe that change in today’sSwedish electricity system is needed. However, how likely it is that such a change process will take place, the study finds no evidence for. The factors that would drive the development towards an electricity system characterized by off-grid can be identified as price development, development in other sectors, changed tariff set, decentralization, legislation, increased popularity and examples where off-grid has been realized.
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Lychnell, Lars-Olof. ""Och fungerar det inte, gör vi på något annat sätt" : en klinisk fallstudie av IT-relaterat förändringsarbete i småföretag." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm School of Economics, Information Management (I), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-588.

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Småföretag har inte samma finansiella och personella resurser som stora företag och kan få svårt att genomföra önskade IT-relaterade förändringar. De företag som väljer att satsa för att uppnå sina visioner måste många gånger hitta andra lösningar för att nå framgång. Avhandlingen bygger på en åtta månader lång fallstudie i ett småföretag och identifierar kompensationer som ett sätt att lösa problemet.

En kompensation är en ersättning för en förändring i ett informationssystem. Ett exempel på kompensation är att göra dubbelarbete istället för att integrera två informationssystem. Andra exempel är att införa regler för hur informationen skall användas och tolkas istället för att sätta restriktioner i informationssystemet, eller att ta fram en rapport ad hoc med en rapportgenerator istället för att låta externa experter utveckla rapporten direkt i verksamhetssystemet.

Småföretagens korta planeringshorisont med intuitiva och erfarenhetsbaserade beslutsprocesser bildar en gynnsam miljö för att arbeta med kompensationer - det går snabbt att samla hela personalen och säga: ”nu gör vi så här istället”. Men, kompensationen kan också visa sig vara ett tveeggat svärd. I fallstudien visar sig kompensationerna många gånger bidra till negativa bieffekter när de väl används. Exempel på negativa bieffekter är merarbete, stress, ökad osäkerhet och tekniska problem.

Fyra risker med att arbeta med kompensationer har identifierats. Resursberoendet: om kompensationen leder till att arbetsbördan ökar, är risken stor att personerna får mindre tid att delta i förändringsarbetet Illusionen: om kompensationen ger sken av att lösningen fungerar i praktiken, är risken stor att ledningens fokus flyttas till andra mer akuta projekt trots att viktiga problem kvarstår. Den tekniska skulden: när tekniska problem inte åtgärdas ordentligt, utan hanteras med kompensationer, ackumuleras problemen till en ”teknisk skuld”. Skulden växer i takt med att nya förändringar genomförs och den tekniska infrastrukturen blir mer och mer komplex. På sikt blir det både svårt och dyrbart att åtgärda problemen. Legitimeringen: om arbetet med kompensationer anses ”fungera i praktiken” kan det bli legitimt att inte lösa problem ordentligt. Det bidrar till att företaget inte utvecklar viktiga kompetenser som till exempel användning av formella metoder, beställarkompetens och förmågan att samarbeta med externa experter.

Kompensationer är en viktig del i småföretagets arbete med IT-relaterade förändringar och kan inte undvikas. Tidigare forskning har dock inte tagit hänsyn till hur kompensationer påverkar förändringsarbetets framgång. Dessa studier har identifierat framgångsfaktorer som användarinvolvering, VD:s stöd, samarbetet med externa experter och användningen av formella metoder. Den här studien visar på att kompensationerna kan påverka framgångsfaktorerna negativt via de fyra riskerna, exempelvis genom att tiden för användarinvolvering minskar, VD:s fokus förskjuts samt att relationerna med externa experter aldrig utvecklas.

Implikationen är att kompensationerna måste hanteras medvetet därför att de får konsekvenser som kan vara svåra att förutse intuitivt. Dessa konsekvenser kan bidra till att förutsättningarna för framtida förändringar försämras. Det är därför viktigt att överväga vad som lönar sig mest för att uppnå en varaktig framgång: att tillsätta resurser för att göra de nödvändiga förändringarna i informationssystemen, att sänka ambitionsnivån eller att hitta smarta kompensationer. För småföretag som vill förbättra sättet att bedriva förändringsarbete blir konsekvensen att det inte räcker att ta hänsyn till traditionella framgångsfaktorer. De småföretag som verkligen vill få bättre effekter måste också ifrågasätta hur det egna, invanda sättet att arbeta med IT-relaterad förändring påverkar möjligheterna att genomföra både aktuella och framtida förändringarna.


Lic.-avh. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2006
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Svalelid, Sara. "Det är utmanande och komplext att skriva enkelt och konkret : En studie om att anpassa en tryckt broschyr till en webbplats." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44396.

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Den här studien undersöker hur en tryckt broschyr kan anpassas till en webbplats. Syftet med arbete är att se hur en informationsrik text kan skrivas i klarspråk och hur tydlighet och struktur påverkar webbanpassningen av en text. Jag har i denna studie utgått från en informationsbroschyr om värmepumpar utgiven av Energimyndigheten. På uppdrag av Energimyndigheten har jag omarbetat några sidor av broschyren och förberett dem för digitalt format. Målgruppen för informationsmaterialet är villaägare och energi- och klimatrådgivare som arbetar med rådgivning om värmepumpar. Jag har utgått från teorier gällande klarspråk, läsning på skärm, hierarkier, komposition och disposition. Jag har gjort en textanalys på den befintliga broschyren, genomfört en enkätundersökning med energi- och klimatrådgivare, intervjuat en värmepumpsexpert på Energimyndigheten och sedan genomfört utprovningar med villaägare. De slutsatser jag kommit fram till är att webbtexter behöver vara konkreta och korta. Användande av vardagliga uttryck och förklaringar av krångliga ord och facktermer, underlättar för läsaren. Ett bra exempel är att inkludera en ordlista. Det ska vara enkelt att få en snabb överblick av webbplatsens innehåll och användaren vill inte behöva skrolla ner på skärmen, det försämrar översikten och sammanhanget. Men den absolut viktigaste slutsatsen är att försöka förstå målgruppen och utgå från deras förkunskaper.
This study examines how a printed brochure can be adapted to a website. The aim of this study is to see how an information-rich text can be adapted to a digital format with focus on plain language and how structure can contribute to web adaptation of a text. In this study I have worked with an information brochure about heat pumps, the brochure is a publication from the Swedish Energy Agency. On behalf of the Swedish Energy Agency I have revised some pages of the brochure and prepared them for a digital format. The target group of this information brochure is Swedish homeowners and energy and climate advisors. The advisors help and guide homeowners who are looking for information about heat pumps. I have focused on theories of plain language, reading on screen, hierarchy, composition and disposition. A text analysis on the existing brochure has been performed and I have conducted a survey where I gathered opinions from the energy and climate advisors. I have also interviewed a heat pump expert at the Swedish Energy Agency and conducted usability test with homeowners. The conclusions of my study are that web texts need to be concise and short. The usage of ordinary words is important and to always explain difficult phrases and technical words is of great help to the reader. A good example is to include a dictionary. It should be easy to get a quick overview of the site content and the user should see the full page info, having to scroll down complicates the overview and context. But the most important conclusion is that the writer needs to understand the target group and their previous knowledge.
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Persson, Anders, and Tobias Brandt. "Ta det tekniska designansvaret! : En studie om hur armén hanterar förändrade ansvarsförhållanden mellan FMV och Försvarsmakten." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44841.

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Samspelet mellan Försvarsmakten och FMV har förändrats. Före 2019 ansvarade FMV för de tekniska system de anskaffat på uppdrag av Försvarsmakten över hela dess livscykel. 2019 flyttades det tekniska designansvaret över till Försvarsmakten för system i användningfasen. Det innebar att Försvarsmakten och dess försvarsgrenar övertog ett ansvar för sina system de tidigare inte innehaft.  Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda vad det inneburit för armén att få det tekniska designansvaret för sina system och hur arbetet för att omhänderta detta ansvar kan utföras.  Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med representanter från Försvarsmakten. Studien genomfördes med en induktiv ansats.  Vi analyserade empirin som vi fick från intervjuerna med en anpassad grundad teori som analysmetod. Resultatet av analysen har granskats och jämförts med forskning av implementering och tvärfunktionellt arbete. Våra slutsatser är att vi har studerat en pågående implementering med mycket kvarstående arbete samt att en tvärfunktionell ansats har visats sig vara ett bra sätt för armén att hantera sina nya uppgifter.
The interaction between the Swedish Armed Forces and The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration has changed. Before 2019, The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration was responsible for the technical systems they acquired on behalf of the Swedish Armed Forces throughout its life cycle. In 2019, the responsibility for the technical design was transferred to the Swedish Armed Forces for systems in the user phase. This meant that the Swedish Armed Forces and its branches assumed a responsibility for their systems they had not previously held.  The purpose of this study is to investigate what it has meant for the Swedish Army to have the responsibility for the technical design of their systems and how to manage this responsibility. The thesis was conducted as a qualitative interview study with representatives from the Swedish Armed Forces. The study was conducted with an inductive approach.  We analyzed the empirical data received from the interviews using a custom grounded theory as an analytical method. The results of the analysis have been reviewed and compared with research of implementation and cross-functional work. Our conclusions are that we have studied an ongoing implementation with a lot of remaining work, a cross-functional approach has been shown to be an appropriate way for the Army to handle its new tasks.
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Maršová, Eliška. "Predikce hodnot v čase." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255333.

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This work deals with the prediction of numerical series whose application is suitable for prediction of stock prices. They explain the procedures for analysis and works with price charts. Also explains the methods of machine learning. Knowledge is used to build a program that finds patterns in numerical series for estimation.
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Madureira, Carla Raquel Castro da Rocha. "New generation networks and the telecommunications universal service in Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14096.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Eletrónica
This thesis addresses the issue of Universal Service for telecommunications in the context of the access networks of next generation. This work aims to contribute to the redefinition of the concept of universal telecommunications service focusing primarily on extending it to broadband services as economic and social development factor and taking into account the degree of dependence that currently, modern societies have for the different communication and information services. Complementarily it also intended to meet some of the challenges set out in the European 2020 agenda. Universal Service is defined here as access to a telecommunications network (with obligations in terms of type and quality of service for the operator), by of all citizens at any country's geographical location, with uniform and accessible price. The approach adopted is the State as a mentor for social equity, respectful of the liberalized market dynamics but also knowledgeable of the requirements of modern telecommunications services and its relationship with the different technologies available. The possibility of subsidizing is assumed. The Universal Service´s provision is subject to open to all operators, which are assumed to possess other profitability businesses, than the Universal Service, using technologies similar to those prescribed for the respective Universal Service provision contest. Although the work has components of economic and financial analysis, the approach is the engineering point of view, looking for help to identify technical and organizational solutions which offer prospects for the dissemination and adoption of next generation network solutions. As a point of departure the work gives an overview on the state of the art access networks , trying to identify which of the differences between this reality and possible scenarios for next-generation network with potential access to the generality of the people . The case of the Portuguese reality will be given special attention, taking into account their specific characteristics in terms of geography, demography, economics and market dynamics. The main results of this work are: • Identification of possible scenarios for the evolution of existing networks, in particular in areas with deficit coverage. • Identification of possible operating models and business to the materialization of the above scenarios developed and its economic analysis in an attempt to determine the critical factors associated with sustainability and / or need for subsidies. • Contribution to the regulatory framework of new generation networks from the point of view of the constraints of technology and the specifics of the Universal Service.
Esta tese aborda a questão do serviço universal de telecomunicações no contexto das redes de acesso de nova geração. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para a redefinição do conceito de Serviço Universal de Telecomunicações concentrando-se principalmente em estendê-lo a serviços de banda larga como factor de desenvolvimento económico e social e tendo em conta o grau de dependência que, actualmente, as sociedades modernas têm em relação aos diferentes serviços de comunicação e informação. De forma complementar pretende-se também ir ao encontro de alguns dos desafios enunciados na Agenda Europeia 2020. Serviço Universal é aqui definido como o acesso a uma rede de telecomunicações (com obrigações em termos de tipo e qualidade de serviço para o operador), por parte de todos os cidadãos, em qualquer localização geográfica do país, a preços uniformes e acessíveis. A perspectiva adoptada é a Estatal como mentor da equidade social, respeitador das dinâmicas de mercado liberalizado mas também conhecedor dos requisitos dos modernos serviços de telecomunicações e da sua relação com as diferentes tecnologias disponíveis. A possibilidade de subsidiação é assumida. A prestação de Serviço Universal é sujeita a concurso aberto a todos os operadores, que se assume possuírem outros negócios, que não apenas o Serviço Universal, com rentabilidade e usando tecnologias semelhantes às preconizadas para a respectiva prestação de Serviço Universal. Embora o trabalho desenvolvido tenha componentes de análise económico-financeira, a abordagem utilizada é a de engenharia, procurando contribuir para a identificação de soluções técnicas e organizacionais que possam oferecer perspectivas sustentáveis para a disseminação e adopção das soluções redes de nova geração. Como ponto de partida o trabalho apresenta uma visão geral sobre o estado da arte das redes de acesso, procurando identificar quais os diferenciais existentes entre essa realidade e a de possíveis cenários de rede de próxima geração com potencial de acesso para a generalidade dos cidadãos. O caso da realidade Portuguesa será objecto de uma atenção especial, tendo em consideração as suas especificidades em termos de geografia, demografia, economia e dinâmicas do mercado. Os principais resultados deste trabalho são os seguintes: • Identificação de possíveis cenários para a evolução das redes actuais, nomeadamente em áreas com deficit de cobertura de rede. • Identificação de possíveis modelos de operação e negócio para a materialização dos cenários acima desenvolvidos e respectiva análise económica, como tentativa de determinar os factores críticos associados à sua sustentabilidade e /ou necessidade de subsidiação. • Contributo para o quadro regulatório das Redes de Nova Geração sob o ponto de vista dos constrangimentos das tecnologias e das especificidades do Serviço Universal.
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36

Tibell, Emma. "Funktionella element som registreringshinder : en undersökning av tillämpningen av det absoluta registreringshindret i art. 7.1 e) ii) varumärkesförordningen och dess förhållande till hybridkännetecken." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157347.

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Varumärkesrätten innefattar en bred definition av vilka kännetecken som kan konstituera ett varumärke, vilken inkluderar formen på en vara. När kännetecknet består av en varuform utgör således varan i sig kännetecknet och därmed varumärket. Vid en varumärkesregistrering ska bedömningen av olika kategorier av kännetecken inte skilja sig åt, men för varuformer finns ytterligare hinder vid registrering jämfört med andra typer av kännetecken. Ett sådant registreringshinder avser specifikt funktionella former. Många former tenderar att vara funktionella till viss grad, vilket aktualiserar art. 7.1 e) ii) VmF. Artikeln föreskriver ett absolut registreringshinder mot att registerna former som endast består av ”en varas form eller annan egenskap hos varan som krävs för att uppnå ett tekniskt resultat”. Om en varuform hindras registrering enligt artikeln, är uteslutningen från registrering permanent. Det innebär att registreringshindret inte kan övervinnas även om formen förvärvar särskiljningsförmåga på marknaden. EUD har uttalat att det inte vore skäligt att neka registrering av varuformer endast på grund av att de innehar några funktionella element. För att ett kännetecken ska falla inom ramen för artikeln behöver således en forms alla väsentliga särdrag falla inom ramen för bestämmelsen. Detta medför viss problematik när det kommer till hybridkännetecken vilka innehar vissa element som är funktionella, men även andra element som är icke-funktionella. Enligt gällande rätt kan hybridkännetecken registreras som varumärken om de innehar icke-funktionella särdrag som anses vara väsentliga. Hela formen av ett hybridkännetecken kan således registreras som ett varumärke under förutsättning att endast några av de väsentliga särdragen krävs för att uppnå den tekniska funktionen. Genom en undersökning av rättspraxis konstateras att EUD utför en fri och långtgående undersökning vid bedömning av vad som utgör en forms väsentliga särdrag och dessa särdrags eventuella funktion. EUD är inte bunden till vad som anges i varumärkesansökan, utan undersöker även den faktiska varan på marknaden för vilket kännetecknet är ämnat att användas. EUD verkar generellt vara restriktiv med att låta tredimensionella former registreras, inte minst när de innehåller funktionella element. Möjligen beror den negativa inställningen till att registrera hybridkännetecken på bristen av effektiva lösningar att tydligt undanta de funktionella elementen från registrering. Vid en registrering av hybridkännetecken uppstår även intressanta aspekter ur intrångssynpunkt eftersom formen är registrerad som en helhet, även om vissa väsentliga särdrag inte är ämnade att omfattas av ensamrätten. Vid analoga tillämpningar av rättspraxis framstår det som att dessa element, utan att det explicit framgår av exempelvis en disclaimer, ska vara undantagna från den ensamrätt som erhålls varumärkesinnehavaren.
The trade mark law includes a very broad definition of signs that can constitute a trade mark, which includes the shape of a product. When a sign consists of the shape of a product, the product itself becomes the sign and thus the trade mark. In the case of a trade mark registration, the assessment should not differ between different categories of signs. However, when it comes to registration for signs consisting of the shape of a product, there are further obstacles to overcome before protection can be granted compared to other types of signs. Many shapes tend to be functional to some extent, which brings relevance to the absolute ground for refusal found in art. 7.1 e) ii) EUTMR. The article prohibits registration of signs which consist exclusively of “the shape, or another characteristic, of goods which is necessary to obtain a technical result”. If the registration of a sign is prohibited by the article, the exclusion from registration is permanent. This means that the ground for refusal cannot be overcome even if the sign acquires distinctiveness on the market. The CJEU has stated that it would not be reasonable to deny a shape registration only on the sole ground that it has some functional elements. Therefore, in order for a sign to fall within the scope of the article, all the essential characteristics of a shape must fall within the scope of the provision. This causes certain difficulties when it comes to hybrid signs, which possess some elements that are functional, but also other elements that are non-functional. Under current law, hybrid signs can be registered as trade marks if the non-functional elements are considered as essential. The entire form of a hybrid sign can thus be registered as a trade mark only if some, but not all, essential characteristics are required to achieve the technical function. By examining case law, it can be stated that the CJEU carry out a free and extensive examination when assessing what constitutes the essential characteristics of a shape and the possible function of these elements. The CJEU is not bound to the trade mark application but also examines the actual goods for which the sign is intended to be used. The CJEU generally seems to be restrictive in allowing registration for three-dimensional shapes, especially in regard to those incorporating functional elements. This might be the case since there is no good way to clearly exclude the functional elements from the registration. However, when registering a hybrid sign, interesting aspects also arise from the infringement point of view since the shape is registered as a whole but contains certain essential features, which are not intended to be covered by the exclusive right granted. In analogous applications of case law, it appears that these elements, without being explicitly stated in e.g. a disclaimer, must be excluded from the exclusive right granted to the proprietor.
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37

Bártová, Veronika. "Biodostupnost rtuti ve vysoce kontaminovaných půdách a její přestup do hub." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-362277.

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This diploma thesis deals with bioavailability of mercury in high contaminated soils collected in the Jedová hora in the Brdská vrchovina and their change to mushrooms. Theoretical part deals with parameters of mercury, its toxicity and appearance in Environment with focus on mercury content in the soil and change of mercury to the biota (to mushrooms and mosses). In practical part was summarized own analysis of mercury assessment with assistance of dedicated atomic absorption spectrometer AMA 254 and mobile form of mercury by technology of diffuse gradient in thin film - DGT. Average amount of mercury in collected samples of the soil moved between 1,25 +/- 0,01 mg.kg-1 - 276,18 +/- 0,09 mg.kg-1. From the soil to the soil solution passed only 0,01 - 0,09 % of mercury. From the soil solution was for DGT units, therefore for biota, available only 0,10 - 4,47 % of mercury. The mercury content in the soil solution (r = 0,861) and mobile forms of mercury (r = 0,980) in the soils significantly correlated with the total mercury content in soils and also with the total sulphur content in the soils (r = 0,931). The highest concentration of mercury in mushrooms was detected in dry matter of Holubinka sesterská (Russula sororia Fr.) 12,490 +/- 2,439 mg.kg-1 and highest concentration of mercury in mosses was measured in dry matter of Ploník ztenčený (Polytrichum formosum) 0,420 +/- 0,111 mg.kg-1.
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38

Zouharová, Iveta. "Stanovení mobilních forem rtuti v půdách pomocí techniky difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250535.

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The diploma thesis deals with the determination of mobile forms of mercury using the technology of diffusion gradient in thin-film. The theoretical part deals with the occurrence of chemical forms of mercury in the environment, mercury effects on plants and methods of determination of mercury's mobile forms. In the practical part, the accumulation of mercury from soils into various organs of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) was observed. Soil samples were taken in Brno, in streets Opuštěná and Zvonařka. The contents of mercury in soils ranged from 0,32618 +- 0,02493 mg.kg-1 to 0,08382 +- 0,00255 mg.kg-1. Only 0,15 - 0,20 % of the mercury passed from the soil into the soil solution. Only 2,21 to 3,45 % of mercury was available for the soil solution for DGT units and therefore also for the plants. The mercury content in the soil influenced the amount of mercury in the garden pea. The highest concentrations of mercury were detected in the leaves and roots, the lowest concentrations were in the consumed parts of garden pea. The significant correlations were found out between the content of mercury's mobile forms provided by DGT method and the mercury content in roots, leaves and stem of garden pea (correlation coefficients from 0,913 to 0,984). Simulation of acid rains did not demonstrate the raise of mercury's mobility relating to the increase of the acidification of the soil.
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39

Zeman, Lukáš. "Zpracování odpovědi vyhledávače pomocí technik dolování dat." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-290986.

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Using works [1] and [2] study Page Content Rank algorithm a its implementation. Use work [3] as opening literature. The goal of this thesis is to improve the algorithm, especially for its parameters estimation, do experiments on various training sets, search queries and find criteria for their evaluation.
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40

Doležal, Kryštof. "Zpověď jako technika subjektivace v politickém myšlení Michela Foucaulta." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357480.

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This thesis is focused on interpreting constitutive components of Michel Foucault's political thought (power, knowledge, subjectivity) from the viewpoint of the subjectification. The first goal of this work is to pursue the technique of confession as a crucial mechanism that participates on constructing the subjectivity in Foucault's work. To uncover in which connections it is usually pursued and what forms according to Foucault did it gain during history depending on various configurations of bonds between power and knowledge. The work's second goal is to substantiate a technique of confession defined by Foucault in contemporary human sciences, specifically in the foundations of the processes of data collection and then to demonstrate confession as a necessary element for creating an empirical type of knowledge.
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41

Surynková, Petra. "Analýza bodových množin reprezentujících povrchy technické praxe." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327196.

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Title: Analysis of Point Clouds Representing Surfaces of Engineering Practice Author: Petra Surynková Department: Department of Mathematics Education Supervisor: Mgr. Šárka Voráčová, Ph.D., Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague Abstract: The doctoral dissertation Analysis of Point Clouds Representing Surfaces of Engineering Practice addresses the development and application of methods of digital reconstruction of surfaces of engineering and construction practice from point clouds. The main outcome of the dissertation is a presentation of new procedures and methods that contribute to each of the stages of the reconstruction process from the input point clouds. The work is mainly focused on the analysis of input clouds that describe special types of surfaces. Several completely new algorithms and improvements of existing algorithms that contribute to individual steps of surface reconstruction are presented. New procedures are based on geometrical characteristics of the reconstructed object. An important result of the dissertation is an analysis of not only synthetically generated point clouds but above all an analysis of real point clouds that have been obtained from measurements of real objects. The significant contribution of the dissertation is also an...
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42

Topinka, Jiří. "Efektivita fotbalových klubů v Premier League." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367826.

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Title: Efficiency of football clubs in Premier League Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to investigate the technical efficiency of Premier League clubs in the 2015/2016 season using a Data Envelopment Analysis approach. Determine which clubs worked efficiently and identify weaknesses of individual teams. Methods: The efficiency of each Premier League club is analysed by Data envelopment analysis (DEA). The efficiency is computed for input oriented CCR model (constant returns to scale) and BCC model (variable returns to scale). Results: The technical efficiency of each club in the 2015/2016 Premier League season is evaluated in the practical part of this thesis, with eight clubs achieving maximum efficiency for both CCR and BCC models. That indicates that the competition as a whole is highly effective. Keywords: Premier League, technical efficiency data envelopment analysis, CCR, BCC
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43

Babaletakis, Fotini Nicoleta. "A retrospective survey of post-graduate career paths of Durban Institute of Technology (DIT-formerly Technikon Natal) homoeopathic graduates from 1994 to 2004." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/45.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Homoeopathy)-Dept. of Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 xxiv, 251 leaves
The first formal Homoeopathic education programme in South Africa introduced Technikon Natal (now the Durban Institute of Technology – DIT). The course had its first intake in 1989 and has since produced some 10 years of graduates. The programme affords the graduate a Master’s Degree in Technology in Homoeopathy (Ross, 2006). Career paths regarding graduates of this programme have never been investigated. Such an investigation was deemed valuable to clarify areas of difficulty regarding the education provided and the profession as a whole, to ascertain the viability of Homoeopathy as a career. It also aimed to identify possible other career choices a graduate may have with the education received. The study was limited to DIT Homoeopathic graduates from 1994 to 2004. The study was designed to investigate the demographic composition of the group, as well as other aspects of their career since graduation.
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