Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Technique du champ proche'
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Therond, Frédéric. "Diagnostic electromagnetique d'objets rayonnants complexes par une technique de champ proche." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112545.
Full textOuardirhi, Zacharia. "Technique expérimentale de mesure en champ proche pour le calcul du champ lointain d'éléments rayonnants filaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ53595.pdf.
Full textDespaux, Gilles. "Microscopie acoustique à champ proche utilisant la phase comme technique de super résolution." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20028.
Full textEl-Khoury, Ziad. "Transformée par ondelettes appliquée à l'holographie acoustique champ proche." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30262.
Full textGuerra, Davide Domenech Serge. "Modélisation du transfert d'un aérocontaminant dans un local ventilé en champ proche d'une source d'émission accidentelle." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000124.
Full textPicard, Dominique. "Mesure rapide de champs proches par la méthode de diffusion modulée." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112220.
Full textGuerra, Davide. "Modélisation du transfert d'un aérocontaminant dans un local ventilé en champ proche d'une source d'émission accidentelle." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7295/1/guerra.pdf.
Full textHedia, Sassia. "Identification des sources de perturbations par retournement temporel : application à la compatibilité électromagnétique en champ proche." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST021.
Full textThe technological progress, in particular the increase in frequencies and the integration of embedded systems, creates critical problems of electromagnetic interference (EMI). Hence, the presence of multiple disturbance sources may affect the proper functioning of electronic circuits. Therefore, the characterisation of these sources becomes essential for the evaluation of radiated emissions and the prediction of the behaviour of electronic devices. The main purpose of this thesis is to study the development of equivalent radiation models that allow EMC considerations and reduce EM disturbances. First, the implementation of the inverse time domain (TD) method based on the electromagnetic time reversal technique has been carried in the near field. The aim here is to use the proposed method for structures that emit transient signals. A validation of the proposed method has been performed based on EM field maps calculated with analytical equations that describe the radiated EM field.In this case, structures under test contain radiating sources that are controlled in advance and excited by a Gaussian type signal. In addition, an experimental validation of the proposed method has been also performed using near field measurements in two different cases of real structures and using a well-chosen excitation signal, which contains many frequencies of resonance. Furthermore, in addition to the academic circuits, we have carried out an experimental application of the proposed method using a power electronics circuit (AC/DC converter). Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the inverse TD method based on electromagnetic time reversal, a comparative study has been conducted using the classical inverse method based on genetic algorithms in both frequency and time domains. Predicted resulted have shown the high performance and the efficiency of the proposed method and demonstrated that it provides an adequate equivalent model of the device under test on a wide frequency band and in a limited calculation time
Casavola, Luca. "Caractérisation des antennes de station de base par des techniques de champ proche." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112022.
Full textThe work presented concern the measurement of electromagnetic fields radiated by antennas and particularly the rapid characterization of base station antennas by near-field. The raising deployment of base station antennas for mobile communications has brought some fears on possible health risks. So the evaluation of the field next to the antennas has become a very important tool. This work concern the application of near-field techniques to the rapid determination of both electric and magnetic field near the antenna and the determination of its safety perimeter. The measurement is accomplished on a surface and by numerical processing the field is calculated almost everywhere around the antenna. The work is largely dedicated to the validation of the new technique, by numerical simulations and experimental measurement on commercial base station antennas. So by simple measurement of the electric field on a cylinder we can characterize completely the base station antenna. The calculation of the radiation pattern is made by a standard near-field to far-field transformation, and the evaluation of the safety perimeter is made by the developed near-field to near-field transformation. The time needed to completely characterize an antenna is brought to legs than two hours or a minute with a probe array. The truncation error is largely analyzed and an extrapolation technique to reduce these error is tested
Paillasseur, Sébastien Pascal Jean-Claude. "Développement de la technique d'holographie acoustique de champ proche temps réel pour l'analyse de sources de bruit fluctuantes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1001.pdf.
Full textPaillasseur, Sébastien. "Développement de la technique d'holographie acoustique de champ proche temps réel pour l'analyse de sources de bruit fluctuantes." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1001.pdf.
Full textNear-field Acoustic Holography (NAH) is a measuring process, introduced in the eighties, for locating and characterizing stationary sound sources from measurements made by an array of microphones positioned near the acoustic source plane. Numerous studies has been made to first improve the accuracy of the results obtained and then to extend this method for non-stationnary sound sources. The aim of this work is to develop a new method, called real time nearfield acoustic holography (RT-NAH), in order to enhance the characterization of fluctuating sound sources by providing on each point of the source plane a time continuous pressure signal. This technique is based on a time-wavenumber formulation that describes the forward propagation of the time dependant sound pressure field by the use of a convolution product between the instantaneous wavenumber spectrum componant with an impulse response. The direct problem, that describes the acoustic radiation of a source plan composed of non stationnary sources, is first tested in the case of numerical simulations. Some limitations introduced with the implementation of this formulation, such as the sampling of the impulse response or the troncation of the measurement plane, are underlined. Several processings based on the filtering of the impulse response (Chebyshev filter, Kaiser-Bessel filter, etc) and the sound pressure field (Tukey filter, etc) are proposed and tested to validate the time-wavenumber formulation. The use of this time-wavenumber formulation in the case of the acoustic holography recquires its inversion in order to recover the time dependant sound pressure field on the source plane. This deconvolution problem is however sensitive and recquires specific process to solve it. Two inversion methods are suggested : the first one is based on the Tikhonov regularization associated with the generalized crossed validation (GCV) to determine the regularization parameter and the second one is based on the inverse filtering of the impulse response. Finally, the efficiency of those deconvolution methods in addition to the processing of the impulse response is valued by numerical simulations
LESTRINGUEZ, STEPHANE. "Diagnostic electromagnetique d'objets rayonnants complexes, a revetements non parfaitement conducteurs, par une technique de mesure en champ proche." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112413.
Full textLE, DORSE FREDERIC. "Techniques de correction du champ proche appliquees aux mesures de surface equivalente radar (ser)." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2067.
Full textFOURESTIE, BENOIT. "Application des techniques de mesure d'antenne en champ proche aux problemes de compatibilite electromagnetique." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112221.
Full textEstevez, Ivan. "Développement d'une technique d'imagerie d'impédance électrique locale à partir d'un microscope à force atomique." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112241.
Full textThe electrical measurements with atomic force microscopy (AFM) by conductive tip always are the subject of efforts in research, supported in the current context of the rise of the micro and nanotechnologies. The work carried out during this thesis concerns the development of a new technique of imagery derived from the AFM, intended to visualize the capacitive characteristics of the sampler surface (absolute capacity) on a nanometric scale, by making a measure which suppress the parasitic interactions caused by the environment of the sample. This work falls within the framework of a collaboration between the LGEP, laboratory pioneer in the development of certain local electrical measurements by AFM, and the company of instrumentation CSI. We initially studied the various perturbations assigning the measurement of capacity of the apex of the point-probe. Then we develop a general method of correction of these effects, by combining the implementation of a technique of double passage and the exploitation of the information contained in the curves approach-withdrawal. This method was then validated on a unit of samples of calibration of simple geometrical structures: the agreement between the theoretical values of capacity calculated by the finite element method and the experimental measures were excellent on a range from 10 -12 to 10 -16 F. The resolution of the device was estimated of some aF. Finally the influence of the edge effects on the values of capacity obtained, of the interactions between various conducting elements of the same sample, or between the AFM and the sample, was discussed
Wang, Mingming. "Contribution à la conception et la réalisation de microscopes champ proche en bandes de fréquences microondes et millimétriques : application à l’évaluation non destructive." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10025/document.
Full textScanning near-field microwave microscopy (SNMM) techniques have become important tools in the imaging of materials. These methods offer the possibility of characterizing surface and subsurface materials in a non-contact, non-invasive, and non-destructive way. In comparison with conventional microwave characterization techniques, the spatial resolution has been improved in a large extent with the development of the SNMM. Nevertheless, these techniques generally require the use of an automatic network analyzer that is oversized for applications outside the laboratory. In this work, we propose a new instrumentation that combines the multi-port technique and microscopy techniques. The design and realization of multi-port systems in the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency bands are described. The investigations are driven by the will to propose instruments integrating the hardware and software resources. The potentialities of the systems proposed are illustrated trough applications in the Non Destructive Testing field in both microwave and millimeter-wave frequency bands. The validity of the approach proposed is applied for 1-D and 2-D crack detection. It is demonstrated that these systems present a viable and promising alternative to the costly heterodyne principles
Silveira, Miguel Patricio da. "Irs snom : Apport du rayonnement synchrotron infrarouge aux techniques de microscopie en champ proche optique." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10287.
Full textMy project is concerned with the development of an infrared aperture- less scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) that will use the syn- chrotron radiation of the ESRF as source of infrared light. This radiation has two main particularities well-suited to spectroscopic studies: this is a white source of light covering the near infrared band from 5 to 15 J. . Lm where tunable laser sources are still under development and it is very bright and stable, both in time and space [DPG005]. Once developed, the microscope will be applied to the infrared spectroscopy - essentially vibrational - and di- agnosis of materials and of local nanostructures which are of current interest to the micro and nanoelectronic industry [RCB+ 02]. As my project is very instrumenta~ the beginning was dedicated to the conception of a microscope system, starting with nothing and having all the needed materials at the end of the flfst year. The second year was dedicated to the integration and implementation of the experimental setup, to the understanding of its functionalities and to trials for validating the new too\. Afterwards we were fully committed to researching and understanding this unique too\. We have started with sorne preliminary results and then it would essentially be a question of allocated experimental time until obtain- ing the resuhs that we had aimed for. Our setup is unique and therefore the works we have for reference are from groups using the same techniques operating under very different con- ditions [WF A03; FW A05a; FWLA04; RGEH05; Hil04; GAS+ OOb; Suk04; TKH04] Our main difficulty is in detecting a weak signa~ which we had expected to succeed. 1 will show later sorne calculations that made us believe so. One of our reference groups managed to do it in simpler conditions than ours, but it is worth recalling that it took them 3 years to adjust their setup sensitivity, thereby conflfffiing that these are very hard techniques. Our starting idea was of using synchrotron radiation as illuminating source in the infrared range because of its characteristics. This is a white light source, with all the wavelengths present at the same time, allowing us to perform spectroscopy, meaning that we will obtain chemical information of the sample [Hil04; MGCS04]. This is the big novelty comparing with the other works. It turned out that the light is rather weak which makes the search for the signal a difficult task. Our setup should then be tested with a laser, which is several orders of magnitude more powerful than the synchrotron radiation, and what might be a good debugging too\. This seems a good alternative to better understand what are the critical points that must be improved in our system. The lasers to use could be visible, infrared (C02 ), or tunable. For spec- troscopy, the tunable lasers are not only less stable but they are also more restricted in the spectral range to the very near infrared part of the spectrum than the synchrotron radiation. The ESRF synchrotron facility is my home lab, and 1 have worked in collaboration with the CEA-LETI for the development ofthis tool
Le, Blanc Mario. "Technique de résolution du problème inverse de source à partir de mesures scalaires en champ proche, application à la dosimétrie micro-onde." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/NQ54018.pdf.
Full textLemoine, Paul-Arthur. "Etudes de l'émission thermique et de lasers à cascade quantique dans l'infrarouge par microscopie optique en champ proche à pointe diffusante." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1089.
Full textWe present a novel setup based on apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy (ANSOM) designed for detecting infrared thermal radiation at the surface of a photonic structure with a resolution far beyond the diffraction limit which is close to 5µm in the infrared frequencies). This new instrument is a powerful means to obtain optical information with a resolution equal to 100nm. The system is based on a home-made ANSOM. It is an atomic force microscope (AFM) combined with infrared optics. The AFM uses a tungsten tip in tapping mode to provide a topographic image of the sample and to scatter evanescent waves. As the sample is heated by a hot plate, temperature excites thermal radiation from the surface, which is scattered by the AFM tip in the near-field. Light scattered by the tip is then collected and focused on an infrared detector, producing a near field infrared thermal image. We performed observations on gold geometric patterns deposited on a SiC substrate. The sample is heated up to 180°C. We imaged interferences of gold plasmons and demonstrated the first direct experimental proof of the spatial coherence of thermal radiation in near field. We also realized study of the surface of an quantum cascade laser. These devices present an evanescent field at their top surface proportional to the field present inside the cavity. By scattering this evanescent field, our system gives access to the Fabry-Perot interference fringes inside the laser cavity
Delaroque, Thomas. "Etude et mise en place d'outils de caractérisation électrique basés sur la technique AFM, en vue de la localisation de défauts au niveau des zones de dopage." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2057.
Full textThis manuscript is devoted to the study of two electrical modes based on the atomic force microscopy (AFM): the Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) and the Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM). After the development of the sample preparation methodology, the effect of measurement parameters on the output signal was characterized during analysis. For each method, experimental results are interpreted taking into account the dimensional and structural specificities of the different samples. This manuscript presents a theoretical analysis based on the fundamentals of these techniques and offers a new approach of the specific tip-sample system behaviour. In SSRM, the theoretical model of a hetero-junction has been verified by measurements. In SCM, the geometric decomposition of the tip has allowed to understand the evolution of signals according to the measurement parameters. These studies highlight the strengths of both methods and their undeniable complementarity in the analysis of specific cases
Orlik, Xavier. "LeMicroscope à force atomique appliqué à l'étude de structures ferroélectriques : techniques de modulation et champ proche optique." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30054.
Full textChevallier, David. "Contribution au développement des techniques de mesures en champ proche pour des applications CEM : conception d'un banc électro-optique." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES032.
Full textThrough this thesis, the development of a near field test bench for EMC applications is presented. The setup needs to have specifications (Sensitivity, bandwidth, spatial resolution) adapted to microelectronics circuits. It also needs to perform 2D measurements of E and H emitted field. This manuscript shows different techniques used in near field analysis. The technique picked (Pockels effect) and its associated test bench are then described. Finally, after measurements over several circuits, the global performances of this optical test bench are discussed. To conclude, some suggestions for future improvements of the setup are proposed
Benzaim, Oussama. "Techniques multi-port pour la conception et la réalisation de systèmes micro-ondes dédiés à l'évaluation non destructive de matériaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10031/document.
Full textNon Destructive microwave Testing (NDT) consists in examining a material so that after testing, its future use is not affected. Such characterization is usually achieved through the measurement of reflection and/or transmission properties of the material under test by a vector network analyzer. However, this type of equipment is oversized in terms of measurements abilities and cost for a use outside the laboratory. In order to overcome this limitation, we have developed, with a view to low cost, systems based on the six-port technique. In particular, a dual four-port reflectometer is developed for the measurement of reflection and transmission parameters of passive devices in the frequency range of 55 - 65 GHz. In addition, we have proposed complete solution which integrates hardware and software resources allowing the development of specialized systems in the field of microwave characterization. The added software solutions, based on artificial neural networks contribute to satisfy the needs of a non-destructive, quantitative evaluation. Finally, in order to perform characterization of defects whose dimensions are smaller than the wavelength, a mm-wave microscope formed by the mm-wave system and associated with an evanescent wave probe has been proposed. This ensemble reveals changes in magnitude and phase reflection coefficients of the material under test, allowing non-contact measurements. ___________________________________________________________________________
Labussière, Cécile. "Le rayonnement électromagnétique des circuits Intégrés : techniques de caractérisation et méthodes de modélisation." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000321/.
Full textThe continuous progress in the field of semiconductors makes possible the increase of the operating frequency of programmable components, which leads to the apparition of parasitic emissions at frequencies higher than 1 GHz. Because of the trend to integration and miniaturization, both at component level and at printed circuit board level, the parasitic coupling due to radiation phenomenon has to be more and more taken into account. These last years, new measurement techniques were proposed in order to characterize the parasitic emissions from an integrated circuit up to 18 GHz. After having analyzed the origin of the electromagnetic emissions from an integrated circuit, this document presents these new radiated emissions measurement standards – the GTEM cell and the surface scan method – and underlines the complementarities of the two techniques. The test bench that was developed for scan measurements at component level is also presented. A methodology based on the model ICEM (a behavioral model that describes the electromagnetic emissions from an integrated circuit) is proposed to simulate the results of radiated emission measurements. The simulation flow is then applied to predict the electromagnetic emissions from a 16-bit microcontroller. A very good agreement is achieved between simulation results and experimental data. Finally, the author investigates a "high-frequency" ICEM model that uses S-parameter matrices to model components at frequencies higher than 1 GHz
Grosick, Emmanuele. "Techniques avancées de traitement d'antennes pour la localisation de sources : application à la localisation de mobile : cas du système UMTS." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0045.
Full textMobile location is a growing practice in cellular communication systems and many applications are already forecasted : localizing traffic in order to balancethe network, emergency interventions. . . The thesis has focused on the main approaches proposed in the literature to locate a mobile : strength measures, Time-Of-Arrival (TOA), Angle-Of-Arrival(AOA) or Joint AOA-TOA techniques. This study done within the framework of UMTS-FDD norm, has highlighted two main difficulties : - The first one is the near-far problem (NFE) which corresponds to the difficulty for a base-station (BS) (resp. Mobile) to hear far-located mobiles(resp. BS) because of the interference generated by close-located mobiles(resp. BS) which is particularly important in UMTS-FDD systems - The second one concerns the absence of LOS path (NLOS problem) in radio-mobile environments due to the presence of obstacles between the mobile and the BS. Solutions both efficient and simple have been proposed in order to reduce the impact of these problems on mobile localization
Ghattas, Lama. "Autodiagnostic des perturbations des réseaux d’antennes : application à la goniométrie." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0001/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the design of an in-situ measurement system to detect variable disturbances in the near field of antenna arrays. The first part was focused on the study of the benefit of the monitoring system for direction finding antennas (DFA). A quantitative study of degradation of performances of DFA installed on a carrier in presence of variable obstacles was done. The second point of the study concerns the choice for the technology for the diagnostic system design. The Optically Modulated Scatterer Technique (OMS) is selected. A model that predicts the OMS backscattered power is developed to select the optimal dimension of the probe. Following the theoretical studies, a 12 cm OMS probe coupled to the nonlinear device (PDCS30T) was designed. Measurements in anechoic chamber were conducted to validate the budget link model and measure the sensitivity of the probe to nearby objects. Finally, a study is conducted to investigate the sensitivity required by the diagnostic probes for detecting the presence of obstacles. A dimensioning of the overall system is computed
Ledieu, Marc. "Contribution à la caractérisation : hyperfréquence des matériaux." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4025.
Full textAdvances in microwave material characterization using transmission line and free space techniques are presented. Single-coil perturbation measurement of thin ferromagnetic films is studied. International cross-measurements provide a first step in the technique validation. By the design of new reference samples based on meta-materials, we improved the apparatus calibration process. As magnetic materials may be mechanical stress sensitive, we developed coaxial cells to measure the permeability spectra of ferrite under compressive stress. Experimental validation of the cells is presented. Finally, a microwave near-field measurement technique is used to obtain a non-destructive imaging of material properties. We demonstrated the ability of our approach to detect and quantify local dispersions of electromagnetic properties
Markey, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude du greffage sur silicium de molécules de type cryptand aromatique à l'aide de techniques spectroscopiques (FT-IR et XPS) : observations et nano-indentation par microscopie à champ proche." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-407.pdf.
Full textIliopoulos, Ioannis. "Engineering the near field of radiating systems at millimeter waves : from theory to applications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S165.
Full textWith the demand for near-field antennas continuously growing, the antenna engineer is charged with the development of new concepts and design procedures for this regime. From the microwave and up to terahertz frequencies, a vast number of applications, especially in the biomedical domain, are in need for focused or shaped fields in the antenna proximity. This work proposes new theoretical methods for near-field shaping based on different optimization schemes. Continuous radiating planar apertures are optimized to radiate a near field with required characteristics. In particular, a versatile optimization technique based on the alternating projection scheme is proposed. It is demonstrated that, based on this scheme, it is feasible to achieve 3-D control of focal spots generated by planar apertures. Additionally, with the same setup, also the vectorial problem (shaping the norm of the field) is addressed. Convex optimization is additionally introduced for near-field shaping of continuous aperture sources. The capabilities of this scheme are demonstrated in the context of different shaping scenarios. Additionally, the discussion is extended to shaping the field in lossy stratified media, based on a spectral Green's functions approach. Besides, the biomedical applications of wireless power transfer to implants and breast cancer imaging are addressed. For the latter, an extensive study is included here, which delivers an outstanding improvement on the penetration depth at higher frequencies. The thesis is completed by several prototypes used for validation. Four different antennas have been designed, based either on the radial line slot array topology or on metasurfaces. The prototypes have been manufactured and measured, validating the overall approach of the thesis
Besnier, Philippe. "Contributions aux techniques de modélisation et d'expérimentation en électromagnétisme. Applications à l'étude de la compatibilité électromagnétique des équipements et des systèmes complexes et à la mesure d'antennes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00214119.
Full textVenturi, Linda. "Etude des propriétés de photoluminescence de nano-matériaux sous champ électrique intense." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR118.
Full textIn this thesis, the Laser-assisted Atom Probe Tomography is coupled in-situ with a photoluminescence (PL) bench, where the pulsed laser radiation is used to trigger the ion evaporation from the specimens and, simultaneously, to activate the emission from optically active centers present into the material. For this work, two different materials were selected: diamond nano-needles with embed- ded optically active defects (color centers) and a ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O multi-quantum-well (MQW) heterostructure, which contains quantum emitters of different thicknesses. Thanks to this original photoluminescence setup, the influence of the electric field on the fine structure of some color centers, embedded into the diamond nanoneedles, was observed. The first study focused on the neutral nitrogen-vacancy center (NV0), which is one among the most studied color centers in literature. The evolution of the NV0 optical signature, as a function of the applied bias, allowed to evaluate the mechanical stress (> 1 GPa) and the electric-field acting on diamond tips. These results demon- strate an original new method to perform contactless piezo-spectroscopy of nanoscale systems under uniaxial tensile stress, generated by the electric field. This method was applied also on another color center, which nature is still not clear in literature, emitting at 2.65 eV, and more sensitive than the NV0 color centers to the stress/strain field. New results on its opto-mechanical properties were obtained, but its identity still needs to be understood. Since the evaporation field of diamond is really high, the diamond nanoneedles were not analyzed using La-APT. Therefore the coupled in-situ technique was applied in order to study the ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O MQW heterostructure, accessing to the structure, composition and optical signature of the probed specimen in only one experiment. The photoluminescence spectra acquired by the specimen during its ongoing evaporation represents a unique source of information for the understanding of the mechanism of light-matter interaction and the physics of photoemission under high electric field. The correlation of the structural and optical information, related to this MQW heterostructure, demonstrates that the coupled in-situ technique can overlap the diffraction limit of the PL laser and that, as done for the diamond nanoneedles, is pos- sible to estimate the induced-tensile-stress. The results achieved by the in-situ coupling of the La-APT technique with the PL spec- troscopy show that such instrument is an innovative and powerful technique to perform research at the nanometric scale. For this reason, this work can open new perspectives for a deeply understanding of the physicics related to the studied systems in parallel with the continuous enhancement of the experimental setup
Marchi, Florence. "Nanolithographie par microscopies en champ proche." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22078.
Full textDegeorges, Jean-François. "Rayonnement acoustique des plaques en champ proche." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376130547.
Full textPayet, Pierre. "Injection électromagnétique et microscopie en champ proche." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS027/document.
Full textMicrowave near-field microscopes are emerging tools for material characterization. In this work, a near-field probe was designed, described and analyzed in terms of performance and resolution. This probe has been associated with two microscopes in the near microwave field. The first microscope is based on intensity reflectometry and evaluated the quality and lateral resolution of the probe. This resolution can reach a subwavelength dimension, opening the way to local characterization of materials. The second experiment presents the design of a materials characterization bench. This system uses an I/Q mixer to extract information in intensity and phase of near-field interaction. Finally, the last experiment concerns electromagnetic injection in the near field of an out-of-band signal on a communication module. The overall results show that the near-field injection experiment has the potential to become an important metrology tool for susceptibility studies
Fayjaloun, Rosemary. "Estimation du mouvement fort en champ proche." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU031/document.
Full textAccumulated data of strong ground motions have been providing us very important knowledge about rupture processes of earthquakes, propagation-path, site-amplification effects on ground motion, the relation between ground motion and damage... However, most of the ground motion databases used in the development of ground motion prediction models are primarily comprised of accelerograms produced by small and moderate earthquakes. Hence, as magnitude increases, the sets of ground motions become sparse. Ground motion databases are poorly sampled for short source-to-site distance ranges (‘Near-fault’ ranges). However, the strongest ground shaking generally occurs close to earthquake fault rupture. Countries of moderate to high seismicity for which major faults can break in the vicinity of its major cities are facing a major seismic risk, but the lack of earthquake recordings makes it difficult to predict ground motion. Strong motion simulations may then be used instead. One of the current challenges for seismologists is the development of reliable methods for simulating near-fault ground motion taking into account the lack of knowledge about the characteristics of a potential rupture. This thesis is divided into 2 parts. Part 1 focuses on better understanding the seismic rupture process and its relation with the near-fault ground motion. The mechanisms of peak ground motion generating are investigated for homogeneous as well as for heterogeneous ruptures. A quantitative sensitivity analysis of the ground motion to the source kinematic parameters is presented, for sites located in the vicinity of the fault rupture, as well as far from the rupture. A second chapter is dedicated to a major near-fault source effect: the directivity effect. This phenomenon happens when the rupture propagates towards a site of interest, with a rupture speed close to the shear-wave speed (Vs); the waves propagating towards the site adds up constructively and generates a large amplitude wave called the pulse. The features of this pulse are of interest for the earthquake engineering community. In this chapter, a simple equation is presented that relates the period of the pulse to the geometric configuration of the rupture and the site of interest, and to the source parameters.Part 2 is dedicated to better estimate the seismic hazard in Lebanon by simulating the strong ground motion at sites near the main fault (the Yammouneh fault). Lebanon is located in an active tectonic environment where the seismic hazard is considered moderate to high. Historically, destructive earthquakes occurred in the past, the last one dates back to 1202. However, strong motion has never been recorded in Lebanon till now due to the presently infrequent large-magnitude seismicity, and therefore facing an alarming note of potential new ruptures. The Yammouneh fault is a large strike-slip fault crossing Lebanon, making all its regions located within 25km away from the fault. At first, the crustal structure tomography of Lebanon, in terms of Vs, is performed using the ambient noise, in order to characterise the wave propagation from the rupture to the ground surface. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the 3D Vs tomography in Lebanon. Afterwards, a hybrid approach is presented to simulate broadband near-fault ground motion . At low-frequencies (≤1Hz), potential ruptures of M7 are simulated (as defined in the previous chapters), and the generated slip rate functions are convolved with the Green’s functions computed for the propagation medium defined by the Vs tomography. The ground-motion is complemented by a high-frequency content (up to 10Hz), using a stochastic model calibrated by near-fault recordings and accounting for the presence of the directivity pulse. The computed peak ground acceleration is compared to the design acceleration in Lebanon
Degeorges, Jean-François. "Rayonnement acoustique des plaques en champ proche." Le Mans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEMA1016.
Full textAdam, Ronan. "Sondes de champ proche pour l'imagerie térahertz." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20125.
Full textPizzagalli, Laurent. "Amas supportes et microscopie en champ proche." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13166.
Full textGariel, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation numérique des mouvements forts en champ proche." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613815j.
Full textLAHRECH, AHMED. "Imagerie infrarouge par microscopie en champ proche optique." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112291.
Full textSthal, Fabrice. "Microscopie acoustique en champ proche a pointe vibrante." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA2002.
Full textPayet, Nicolas. "Caractérisation d'antennes HF par mesures en champ proche." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066157.
Full textAfter having been neglected in recent decades, the RF frequency band (3-30~MHz) is currently experiencing a revival. Initially reserved for long-distance communication, by reflection of waves on the ionosphere, the HF band is widely used in radar to detect targets beyond the radio horizon. The performances of such systems depend on the precise knowledge of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna. Metric dimensions of these transmitters forbid direct in situ measurement of the electric field radiated by the antenna in the far field zone. In addition, modes of propagation, sky wave and surface wave modes, associated with HF antennas are highly dependent on their environment. The objective here is to define a method for characterizing a HF antenna placed above a real ground, based on a near field measurement. We therefore propose two methods to characterize a HF antenna. The first is based on a modal expansion of the near field, for which we take the ground into account by using a reflection coefficient. Then through an asymptotic expansion of the electric field spectrum, we determine the far field of the antenna. The second method uses a method of moments to identify the equivalent sources modelling the antenna under test. Those equivalent sources are elementary vertical and horizontal dipoles, for which radiation has been analytically calculated by Peter Bannister. A regularization method is used to extract, on the one hand, a physical solution, and on the other hand, to make the linear system less sensitive to measurement noise
Gariel, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation numérique des mouvements forts en champ proche." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10080.
Full textLin, Tianjun. "Investigation of microwave imaging and local dielectric characterization of materials by using a homemade interferometer-based near-field microwave microscope." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I016/document.
Full textNear-field microwave microscopes, which belong to the local scanning probe microscopes family, are considered today as advanced characterization tools in many applications areas including physics, biology and micro and nanotechnologies. The near-field microwave microscope that is used in the work and described in this manuscript is an instrument developed at IEMN owning a great sensitivity in a wide operating frequency band [2-18 GHz]. The potential of the microscope in terms of applications is demonstrated through the characterization of liquids with different modalities of characterization (probe in contact, non-contact and immersed in a liquid). In particular, this instrument is investigated for dielectric spectroscopy of aqueous glucose solutions.This characterization tool that offers sub-wavelength imaging capability is also tested in different situations (surface and subsurface imaging). Imaging resolution and measurement accuracy are evaluated and easily implementable processing methods are proposed to improve the quality of imaging. Finally, a solution towards a larger compactness of the instrument is investigated through the replacement of the network analyzer by a more compact device (six-port reflectometer type)
Li, Claire. "Étude des propriétés de champ proche et de champ lointain des nano-antennes infrarouges." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET044.
Full textNanoantennas have the ability to manipulate light both spatially and spectrally at the nanoscale. They can be arranged in arrays by the periodization of a pattern in order to construct tunable metasurfaces with spatially homogeneous properties. A promising application is the use of nanoantennas as thermal emitters for the design of infrared sources that bypass the limitations of conventional ones. Nevertheless, ensemble measurements give rise to collective effects such as inter-antenna coupling that are liable to impair the global optical response compared to that of the unit cell. The objective of this thesis is to develop highly-sensitive experimental methods that can resolve the intrinsic optical response of a subwavelength structure so that resonant processes at the single nano-antenna scale are better understood.The study hinges on two main research axes, one dedicated to a near-field technique using a thermal radiation scanning tunneling microscope for super-resolved imaging, the other pertaining to the development of an original experimental set-up that can extract the emission spectrum of a single nanoantenna in the far field. Following the results obtained with single nanoantennas, more complex structures comprised of several nanoantennas are investigated to characterize their interaction. This work paves the way towards design improvement of nanophotonic structures based on nanoantennas and control over their behavior in both the near field and the far field
Castanié, Etienne. "Émission dipolaire et absorption en champ proche de nanostructures." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642536.
Full textMimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493016.
Full textLecaque, Romain. "Microscopie optique de champ proche dans le domaine terahertz." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087889.
Full textTout d'abord, nous avons développé un instrument dont l'originalité réside dans l'illumination qui est assurée par une source locale IR/THz générée in situ par rectification optique. Plusieurs échantillons métalliques et diélectriques ont alors été imagés, mettant en évidence une résolution sub-longueur d'onde dans le domaine THz. Parallèlement, une étude théorique a permis de comprendre les mécanismes de formation des images dans le microscope.
Une autre version du microscope optique de champ proche, fonctionnant dans un mode dit sans ouverture a aussi été élaboré. Cette configuration a permis d'atteindre une résolution inférieure au micron dans le domaine THz, grâce à l'ajout d'une pointe métallique fonctionnant comme un diffuseur des ondes évanescentes.
Mamouni, Ahmed. "Radiométrie microonde en champ proche applications médicales (thermographie microonde) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615654c.
Full textSeghouani, Nassim. "Méthodes de régularisation appliquées à l'holographie acoustique champ proche." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30077.
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