Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Technique multi-échelle'
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VERSTRAETE, Johan. "Approche multi-technique et multi-échelle d'étude des propriétés structurales des matériaux hétérogènes : Application à un granulat siliceux naturel." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010494.
Full textVerstraete, Johan Jean-Claude Camille. "Approche multi-technique et multi-échelle d'étude des propriétés structurales des matériaux hétérogènes : application à un granulat silicieux naturel." Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0788.
Full textA multi-technique and multi-scale approach was developed in order to study the structural properties of heterogeneous materials. Different techniques were used: Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Correlations between the results obtained at different scales enabled to increase the comprehension of the structural deterioration of a SiO2 aggregate due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction processes. At the long-range order the structural changes appear mainly by the formation of amorphous phase. According to the NMR, this phase consists of a mixture of silanols and amorphous silica. This product that have a random composition along the reaction process could be likely to cause formation of expansive product in the aggregate. At the short-range order, the changes observed in the vicinity of silicon atoms make it possible to start again discussion on the supposed initiated step of the reaction
Kirchner, Sara. "Approche multi-échelle de l'agrégation dans le procédé de précipitation de boehmite." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15134/1/Kirchner.pdf.
Full textBenedetti, Manuel. "Multi-résolution techniques based on shape-optimization for the solution of inverse scattering problems." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112249.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the development and the analysis of the integration of a multiscale iterative strategy and a level set representation for the solution of electromagnetic inverse scattering problems. The resulting implementation is aimed at suitably exploiting the available a-priori knowledge about the scenario under test and the information content in the scattering measurements. The mathematical formulation of the inverse scattering problem is reduced to the bidimensional transverse-magnetic case when considering one or multiple regions of interest. The thesis is organized as follows. First of all, the mathematical formulation of the inverse scattering problem is described and the main drawbacks of the corresponding model are discussed. More in detail, chapter 3 focuses on the exploitation of regularized solutions and useful approximations in order to overcome the illposedness characterizing the inverse problem to be solved. Moreover, both deterministic and heuristic minimization techniques are presented. Then, the multi-resolution techniques and the shape optimization approaches are analyzed. The architecture of the proposed strategy is presented in chapters 4 and 5. In order to evaluate the reconstruction capabilities, a numerical validation is performed by considering both synthetic and laboratory-controlled data and targets characterized by simple as well as complex shapes
Zhang, Hongyuan. "Fonctionnalisation et caractérisation multi-échelle de films minces de chitosane : vers une utilisation en ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0366/document.
Full textThis work focused on functionalized chitosan thin films in the bulk and/or on the surface by nanoliposomes based on natural lecithin (plant and marine) and plasma treatment. Various techniques were used for physicochemical properties analysis of functionalized thin films. The results showed that by adding the nanoliposomes into the chitosan scaffold, the surface wettability of thin films increased from 18 % to 36 %. The crystallinity degree was slightly improved in blend thin films. Any new bond was determined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which confirmed that there is no chemical interaction between the nanoliposomes and chitosan. The Young’s modulus of blend thin films deceased from 6 GPa to 5 GPa. The morphological, nanomechanical properties and adhesion force of each scaffold system determined by Scanning Probe Microscopy (HarmoniXTM mode) showed that the fish nanoliposomes/chitosan thin film had the most similar properties compared to the pure chitosan thin film. The surface of chitosane films and nanoliposomes/chitosane blend films were modified by the plasma treatment. Functional groups (amine groups, C-O, COOH, -OH) are grafted onto the surface enhancing thus the surface energy of the films. But the hydrogen bonds between the polar groups introduced by the treatment can be destroyed after a given time; the author proposed that the functionalization in the bulk by adding of nanoliposomes provided more stable and greater possibility of new materials producing than the functionalization at the surface by plasma treatment for potential tissue engineering application. Then, in vitro biocompatibility preliminary study was carried using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs); and in vitro biodegradability study was tested in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) mixed with 10 mg/L lysozyme. The films of chitosan functionalized by salmon nanoliposomes showed more interesting as matrix extracellular for regenerative medicine applications because of their physico-chemical properties, low cytotoxicity and the stability inside the PBS and lysozyme solutions
Le, Quoc Viet. "Modélisation multi-échelle des matériaux viscoélastiques hétérogènes : application à l'identification et à l'estimation du fluage propre de bétons d'enceintes de centrales nucléaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468616.
Full textMastail, Cédric. "Modélisation et simulation du dépôt des oxydes à forte permittivité par la technique du Monte-Carlo cinétique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/989/.
Full textMiniaturizing components requires radical changes in the development of future micro electronic devices. In this perspective, the gate dielectric of MOS devices can become so thin as to be made permeable to leakage currents. One solution is to replace SiO2 by a material with a higher permittivity which would allow the use of thicker layers with similar results. My work presents a multi-scale modelling of the growth of HfO2 on Si by atomic layer (ALD), which allows me to link the nano-structuration of an interface with the process of development. I demonstrate that knowing how basic chemical processes work, thanks to DFT calculations, allows considering a process simulation based on the development of a Kinetic Monte Carlo software named "HIKAD. " Going beyond rather obvious mechanisms, I introduce the notion of densification mechanisms of deposited oxide layers. These mechanisms are the key element to understand how the growth of the layer in terms of coverage works. But even beyond that aspect, they allow to study the system's evolution towards a massive material, starting from molecular reactions. I shall discuss all those points in the light of recent experimental characterisation results concerning the deposition of hafnium oxides
Yang, Bin. "Contribution to a kernel of symbolic asymptotic modeling software." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2055/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to develop a kernel of a symbolic asymptotic modeling software packageMEMSALab which will be used for automatic generation of asymptotic models for arrays of micro andnanosystems. Unlike traditional software packages aimed at numerical simulations by using pre-builtmodels, the purpose of MEMSALab is to derive asymptotic models for input equations by taking intoaccount their own features. An approach called ”by extension-combination” for the asymptotic modelingwhich allows an incremental model construction is firstly proposed for the homogenization modelderivation. It relies on a combination of the asymptotic method used in the field of partial differentialequations with term rewriting techniques coming from computer science. This approach focuses onthe model derivation for family of PDEs instead of each of them. An homogenization model of theelectrothermoelastic equation defined in a multi-layered thin domain has been derived by applyingthe mathematical method used in this approach. At last, an optimization tool has been developed bycombining a house-made optimization software package SIMBAD and COMSOL-MATLAB simulationand it has been applied for optimization of a SThM probe
Mastail, Cedric. "Modélisation et simulation du dépôt des oxydes à forte permittivité par la technique du Monte-Carlo cinétique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541993.
Full textXu, Fan. "Étude numérique des modes d'instabilités des systèmes film-substrat." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0309/document.
Full textSurface wrinkles of stiff thin layers attached on soft materials have been widely observed in nature and these phenomena have raised considerable interests over the last decade. The post-buckling evolution of surface morphological instability often involves strong effects of geometrical nonlinearity, large rotation, large displacement, large deformation, loading path dependence and multiple symmetry-breakings. Due to its notorious difficulty, most nonlinear buckling analyses have resorted to numerical approaches since only a limited number of exact analytical solutions can be obtained. This thesis proposes a whole framework to study the film/substrate buckling problem in a numerical way: from 2D to 3D modeling, from classical to multi-scale perspective. The main aim is to apply advanced numerical methods for multiple-bifurcation analyses to various film/substrate models, especially focusing on post-buckling evolution and surface mode transition. The models incorporate Asymptotic Numerical Method (ANM) as a robust path-following technique and bifurcation indicators well adapted to the ANM to detect a sequence of multiple bifurcations and the associated instability modes on their post-buckling evolution path. The ANM gives interactive access to semi-analytical equilibrium branches, which offers considerable advantage of reliability compared with classical iterative algorithms. Besides, an original nonlocal coupling strategy is developed to bridge classical models and multi-scale models concurrently, where the strengths of each model are fully exploited while their shortcomings are accordingly overcome. Discussion on the transition between different scales is provided in a general way, which can also be seen as a guide for coupling techniques involving other reduced-order models. Lastly, a general macroscopic modeling framework is developed and two specific Fourier-related models are derived from the well-established classical models, which can predict the pattern formation with much fewer elements so as to significantly reduce the computational cost
Tchikaya, Euloge Budet. "Modélisation électromagnétique des Surfaces Sélectives en Fréquence finies uniformes et non-uniformes par la Technique de Changement d'Echelle (SCT)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0100/document.
Full textThe finite size planar structures are increasingly used in applications of satellite and radar. Two major types of these structures are the most used in the field of RF design ie Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) and the Reflectarrays. The FSSs are a key element in the design of multifrequency systems. They are used as frequency filter, and find applications such as radomes, reflector Cassegrain antenna, etc.. The performances of FSSs are generally evaluated by assuming an infinite dimensional FSS using periodic Floquet modes, the computation time is then reduced almost to that of the elementary cell. Several methods have been developed for taking into account the finite dimensions of arrays. For example the Galerkin method uses a rigorous element by element approach. With this method, the exact interactions between the elements are taken into account but this technique works only for small FSS, typically 3x3 elements. For larger surfaces, this method is no more adapted. The computation time and the memory requirement become too large. So another approach is used based on plane wave spectral decomposition. It allows considering the finite problem as a periodic infinite one locally illuminated. With this approach, large FSS are indeed simulated, but the exact interactions between the elements are not taken into account, the edge effects either. The simulation of FSS by conventional numerical methods based on spatial meshing (finite element method, finite difference, method of moments) or spectral (modal methods) often leads in the practice to poorly conditioned matrices, numerical convergence problems or/and excessive computation time. To avoid these problems, a new technique called Scale Changing Technique attempts to solve these problems. The SCT is based on the partition of discontinuity planes in multiple planar sub-domains of various scale levels. In each sub- omain the higher-order modes are used for the accurate representation of the electromagnetic field local variations while low-order modes are used for coupling the various scale levels. The electromagnetic coupling between scales is modelled by a Scale Changing Network (SCN). As the calculation of SCN is mutually independent, the execution time can still be significantly reduced by parallelizing the computation. With the SCT, we can simulate large finite FSS, taking into account the exact interactions between elements, while addressing the problem of excessive computation time and memory
Ezziane, Nadia. "Segmentation d'images texturées par analyse multi-échelle." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2366.
Full textBenmessaoud, Fatna. "Influence de la microstructure sur le comportement mécanique de l'alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V : étude expérimentale et modélisation numérique multi-échelle Role of grain size and crystallographic texture on tensile behavior induced by sliding mechanism in Ti-6Al-4V alloy An optimization of the local hall-petch relationship using slip trace analysis technique and scale transition rules: application in equiaxed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0005.
Full textImproving the mechanical performances of materials used in aeronautics industry is generally based on the understanding of the relationships between their microstructural features and their mechanical behavior observed at the macroscopic scale. In addition, the heterogeneous and the anisotropic nature of many materials, in particular Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, implies a rather detailed investigation of the mechanical behavior at the local scale. This PhD work is a contribution to analyze the mechanical behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy submitted to monotonic and cyclic loadings by considering relationship with the microstructure features. Microstructural characterizations were first performed on nodular Ti-6Al-4V microstructures with identical crystallographic texture and three different grain sizes (ultra fine, fine and standard), then on microstructures with the same grain size but two texturing degrees (strong texturing and weak) were assessed. In a second step, mechanical tensile and cyclic experiences were carried out. The results were used in development of a model with a macroscopic approach. Subsequently, a sliding trace analysis technique was developed in order to identify the contribution of different sliding systems on the accommodation of plastic deformation during the tensile or cyclic loadings. The final part of PhD work was dedicated to the development of a Crystal Plasticity-Finite Element model (CPFEM) to analyze the coupled effect of the average grain sizes, their relative scattering and crystallographic textures on the mechanical behavior at different scales: microscopic (sliding mechanism), mesoscopic (grains) and macroscopic scales. The model parameters were identified using appropriate techniques for the scale transitions. The Representative Volume Element (RVE) necessary for such modeling has been optimized with two constraints: a representative number of grains and an adequate meshing in terms of numbers and type of elements. The numerical simulations were performed using Abaqus/ Standard finite element calculation code interfaced by ZMAT library
Tabbone, Salvatore-Antoine. "Détection multi-échelle de contours subpixel et de jonctions." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL021N.
Full textBergeron, Vincent. "Rehaussement des primitives de contours à l'aide d'une segmentation multi-échelle en arbre quaternaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25287/25287.pdf.
Full textLuu, Hoang Tuan. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la dissipation acoustique dans des textiles techniques faits de fibres naturelles." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9908.
Full textAbstract : This thesis is concerned with in an eco-design approach for architectured porous materials (fibers made) with high acoustic potential. The project particularly focuses on asclepias (vegetal) fibers and on the description of dissipation and propagation phenomena of sound waves using homogellization techniques. One begins with the characterization of the fibrous medium by scanning electron microscope images from horizontal and vertical cross-sections of a slab of porous sample. Three-dimensional unit cells of the fibrous samples under study are reconstructed with an isotropic model of straight lines (Poisson processes) and by making use of the concept of angular orientation tensor from the previously identified microstructure characteristics (porosity, fiber radii, angular orientation distributions). The transports and acoustic properties are obtamed from numerical computations of unit cell problems (Stokes flow, potential flow and heat conduction) with the Finite Element Method. Validations with experimental data based on permeability and impedance tube measurements are proposed and show a good agreement with the predictive models. The dependence of the effective properties with the geometrical characteristics of the porous microstructure is then analyzed on a large range of porosity (0.75 ÷ 0.09) and explicit relations are provided between the effective acoustic coefficients and the microstructural parameters. The last part of this work is dedicated to the determination of acoustic properties of random fibrous media with bi- and poly dispersed fiber distribution radii. The results are compared with a corresponding mono- dispersed fibrous material (with a single effective fiber radius) which show no significant difference with the initial distributions when the effective radius is small enough. The results of this thesis also point out that an equivalent mono-dispersed fibrous material fails to represent accurately the transport properties of a random fibrous structure when the latter one is described by a fiber distribution radii tending towards a log normal distribution.
Luu, Hoang Tuan. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la dissipation acoustique dans des textiles techniques faits de fibres naturelles." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1135/document.
Full textThis research project was inscribed in an eco-conception approach for architected materials with high acoustic potential. In this research project, we are interested particularly in the description of dissipation and propagation phenomena of sound waves in a fibrous medium by using multi-scale and multi-physics approaches. In this work, we determine the transport and acoustic properties of fiber media based on the description of geometry at their local scale. The fiber media consist of asclepias fibers which are typically vegetable fibers adopting a long hollow cylinder. To solve this problem, the methodology consists of 4 principle steps below: (i) Characterize and model the geometry of fiber medium; (ii) Calculate the transport parameters and acoustic properties of reconstructed fiber medium; (iii) Validate the results of the transport and acoustic properties by comparing with experimental measurements; (iv) Evaluate the evolution of transport parameters as function of geometrical parameters at the local scale. For the geometrical reconstruction, isotropic model of straight lines (Poisson processes) and angular orientation tensor were used. They allow representing of principle characteristics influencing the transport and acoustic properties of material at macroscopic scale. The resolutions of principal problems governing the acoustic behavior at the macroscopic scale were then performed by using the numerical homogenization method. We firstly demonstrate that the developed method allows predicting of absorption behavior of a random fiber medium based on only their geometrical characteristic description (porosity, fibers radius, angular orientation distribution) without adjustment coefficient, and the validated by experimental measurements. Secondly, based on the reconstruction method, one can systematically study the whole transport phenomena on a wide range of porosity and angular orientation in order to provide the laws which can be applied by other user on a wide range of real fiber media. Finally, we verify more particular the hypothesis that a fibrous material can be described by a mean diameter value of their fibers, this work allows identifying the limit of this approach and their application conditions when a fiber medium is constituted of a large distribution of fiber diameters or bimodal
Davarzani, Hossein. "Déterminations théorique et expérimentale des coefficients de diffusion et de thermodiffusion en milieu poreux." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0003/document.
Full textA multicomponent system, under nonisothermal condition, shows mass transfer with cross effects described by the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The flow dynamics and convective patterns in mixtures are more complex than those of one-component fluids due to interplay between advection and mixing, solute diffusion, and thermal diffusion (or Soret effect). This can modify species concentrations of fluids crossing through a porous medium and leads to local accumulations. There are many important processes in nature and industry where thermal diffusion plays a crucial role. Thermal diffusion has various technical applications, such as isotope separation in liquid and gaseous mixtures, identification and separation of crude oil components, coating of metallic parts, etc. In porous media, the direct resolution of the convection-diffusion equations are practically impossible due to the complexity of the geometry; therefore the equations describing average concentrations, temperatures and velocities must be developed. They might be obtained using an up-scaling method, in which the complicated local situation (transport of energy by convection and diffusion at pore scale) is described at the macroscopic scale. At this level, heat and mass transfers can be characterized by effective tensors. The aim of this thesis is to study and understand the influence that can have a temperature gradient on the flow of a mixture. The main objective is to determine the effective coefficients modelling the heat and mass transfer in porous media, in particular the effective coefficient of thermodiffusion. To achieve this objective, we have used the volume averaging method to obtain the modelling equations that describes diffusion and thermodiffusion processes in a homogeneous porous medium. These results allow characterising the modifications induced by the thermodiffusion on mass transfer and the influence of the porous matrix properties on the thermodiffusion process. The obtained results show that the values of these coefficients in porous media are completely different from the one of the fluid mixture, and should be measured in realistic conditions, or evaluated with the theoretical technique developed in this study. Particularly, for low Péclet number (diffusive regime) the ratios of effective diffusion and thermodiffusion to their molecular coefficients are almost constant and equal to the inverse of the tortuosity coefficient of the porous matrix, while the effective thermal conductivity is varying by changing the solid conductivity. In the opposite, for high Péclet numbers (convective regime), the above mentioned ratios increase following a power law trend, and the effective thermodiffusion coefficient decreases. In this case, changing the solid thermal conductivity also changes the value of the effective thermodiffusion and thermal conductivity coefficients. Theoretical results showed also that, for pure diffusion, even if the effective thermal conductivity depends on the particle-particle contact, the effective thermal diffusion coefficient is always constant and independent of the connectivity of the solid phase. In order to validate the theory developed by the up-scaling technique, we have compared the results obtained from the homogenised model with a direct numerical simulation at the microscopic scale. These two problems have been solved using COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercial finite elements code. The results of comparison for different parameters show an excellent agreement between theoretical and numerical models. In all cases, the structure of the porous medium and the dynamics of the fluid have to be taken into account for the characterization of the mass transfer due to thermodiffusion. This is of great importance in the concentration evaluation in the porous medium, like in oil reservoirs, problems of pollution storages and soil pollution transport. Then to consolidate these theoretical results, new experimental results have been obtained with a two-bulb apparatus are presented. The diffusion and thermal diffusion of a helium-nitrogen and helium-carbon dioxide systems through cylindrical samples filled with spheres of different diameters and thermal properties have been measured at the atmospheric pressure. The porosity of each medium has been determined by construction of a 3D image of the sample made with an X-ray tomograph device. Concentrations are determined by a continuous analysing the gas mixture composition in the bulbs with a katharometer device. A transient-state method for coupled evaluation of thermal diffusion and Fick coefficients in two bulbs system has been proposed. The determination of diffusion and thermal diffusion coefficients is done by comparing the temporal experimental results with an analytical solution modelling the mass transfer between two bulbs. The results are in good agreement with theoretical results and emphasize the porosity of the medium influence on both diffusion and thermal diffusion process. The results also showed that the effective thermal diffusion coefficients are independent from thermal conductivity ratio and particle-particle touching
Neycenssac, Franck. "Segmentation d'images : intérêt d'un filtrage multi-échelle calculé par intégration du Laplacien d'une Gaussienne sur son écart-type." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30203.
Full textBa, Abdoulaye. "Développement d’une plateforme de modélisation multi-physique et multi-échelle des techniques de CND des matériaux composites stratifiés par les techniques des courants de Foucault et de thermographie inductive." Thesis, Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NANT4001.
Full textAt different stages in the life cycle of the composite material, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are used to characterize its state of integrity. They play a vital role in the quality control and risk management. The main requirements of NDT are the ability to detect and discriminate defects of different types, precise dimensioning of defects, fast and reliable inspection and interpretation, and the ability to inspect structures of complex shapes. With regard to these requirements, composite materials of a very complex nature (heterogeneity, strong anisotropy and multi-layers) still pose problems for actual NDT methods. The work presented in this thesis is part of the European project NDTonAIR and deal with the development of a multi-physic and multi-scale modelling platform for the NDT of carbon fibers composite materials using eddy currents and induction thermography techniques. They aim to improve IREENA's 3D numerical software. The development of such simulation tools comes up against difficult modelling problems linked in particular to the complex nature of composite structures and the need to use high electromagnetic frequencies (up to a few MegaHertz) in order to induce sufficient power into these very low conducting materials. In previous work at IREENA, the simulation time was important, linked to the presence of massive conductors exposed to a high frequency electromagnetic field. It is in this context that we propose in this work, a 3D finite element method associated with surface impedance boundary condition with imposed current and voltage, in order to reduce the simulation times. The implemented simulation tools have been validated by comparisons with an analytical solution. They also make possible the design of a massive coil. The identification of the orientation of carbon fibers in a composite plate using eddy current technique is also investigated in this work
Bonnafous, Claire. "Analyse multi échelle des mécanismes d'endommagement de composites chanvre/époxy à renforts tissés." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESMA0015.
Full textThe mechanical behavior of hemp woven fabric/epoxy composites has been studied through tensile tests at the composite constituent scales. The variability of natural fibers has been considered thanks to statistical analyses. It has been integrated in an analytical modeling which has allowed to determine the mechanical properties of composites from elementary components ones. Damage mechanisms have been tracked with microscopic observations coupled with acoustic emission and stiffness loss measurements. Results have shown that the growth of damage is faster in [-45/+45]7 and [0/90]7 hemp/epoxy composites than in glass/epoxy ones, for the same fiber volume fraction. Moreover, fiber/matrix interface damage are the earliest and the most numerous damage in hemp/epoxy composites. The interfacial properties and the stress transfer at fiber/matrix interface in hemp/epoxy composites have been studied thanks to specific tests using photoelasticity and digital image correlation methods. Results have shown that the critical interfacial shear strength is lower for hemp/epoxy composites than for glass/epoxy ones. Numerical simulation of the fragmentation tests provides a correct estimation of this data for single hemp yarn specimen. Optimization tests have also been realized applying thermal and chemical treatments of reinforcement
Sun, Xiangkun. "Elastic wave propagation in periodic structures through numerical and analytical homogenization techniques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC041/document.
Full textIn this work, the multi-scale homogenization method, as well as various non homogenization methods, will be presented to study the dynamic behaviour of periodic structures. The multi-scale method starts with the scale-separation, which indicates a micro-scale to describe the local behaviour and a macro-scale to describe the global behaviour. According to the homogenization theory, the long-wave assumption is used, and the unit cell length should be much smaller than the characteristic length of the structure. Thus, the valid frequency range of homogenization is limited to the first propagating zone. The traditional homogenization model makes use of material properties mean values, but the practical validity range is far less than the first Bragg band gap. This deficiency motivated the development of new enriched homogenized models. Compared to traditional homogenization model, higher order homogenized wave equations are proposed to provide more accuracy homogenized models. Two multi-scale methods are introduced: the asymptotic expansion method, and the homogenization of periodic discrete media method (HPDM). These methods will be applied sequentially in longitudinal wave cases in bi-periodic rods and flexural wave cases in bi-periodic beams. Same higher order models are obtained by the two methods in both cases. Then, the proposed models are validated by investigating the dispersion relation and the frequency response function. Analytical solutions and wave finite element method (WFEM) are used as references. Parametric studies are carried out in the infinite case while two different boundary conditions are considered in the finite case. Afterwards, the HPDM and the CWFEM are employed to study the longitudinal and transverse vibrations of framed structures in 1D case and 2D case. The valid frequency range of the HPDM is re-evaluated using the wave propagation feature identified by the CWFEM. The relative error of the wavenumber by HPDM compared to CWFEM is illustrated in the function of frequency and scale ratio. Parametric studies on the thickness of the structure is carried out through the dispersion relation. The dynamics of finite structures are also investigated using the HPDM and CWFEM
Xia, Liang. "Towards optimal design of multiscale nonlinear structures : reduced-order modeling approaches." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2230/document.
Full textHigh-performance heterogeneous materials have been increasingly used nowadays for their advantageous overall characteristics resulting in superior structural mechanical performance. The pronounced heterogeneities of materials have significant impact on the structural behavior that one needs to account for both material microscopic heterogeneities and constituent behaviors to achieve reliable structural designs. Meanwhile, the fast progress of material science and the latest development of 3D printing techniques make it possible to generate more innovative, lightweight, and structurally efficient designs through controlling the composition and the microstructure of material at the microscopic scale. In this thesis, we have made first attempts towards topology optimization design of multiscale nonlinear structures, including design of highly heterogeneous structures, material microstructural design, and simultaneous design of structure and materials. We have primarily developed a multiscale design framework, constituted of two key ingredients : multiscale modeling for structural performance simulation and topology optimization forstructural design. With regard to the first ingredient, we employ the first-order computational homogenization method FE2 to bridge structural and material scales. With regard to the second ingredient, we apply the method Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) to perform topology optimization. In contrast to the conventional nonlinear design of homogeneous structures, this design framework provides an automatic design tool for nonlinear highly heterogeneous structures of which the underlying material model is governed directly by the realistic microstructural geometry and the microscopic constitutive laws. Note that the FE2 method is extremely expensive in terms of computing time and storage requirement. The dilemma of heavy computational burden is even more pronounced when it comes to topology optimization : not only is it required to solve the time-consuming multiscale problem once, but for many different realizations of the structural topology. Meanwhile we note that the optimization process requires multiple design loops involving similar or even repeated computations at the microscopic scale. For these reasons, we introduce to the design framework a third ingredient : reduced-order modeling (ROM). We develop an adaptive surrogate model using snapshot Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Diffuse Approximation to substitute the microscopic solutions. The surrogate model is initially built by the first design iteration and updated adaptively in the subsequent design iterations. This surrogate model has shown promising performance in terms of reducing computing cost and modeling accuracy when applied to the design framework for nonlinear elastic cases. As for more severe material nonlinearity, we employ directly an established method potential based Reduced Basis Model Order Reduction (pRBMOR). The key idea of pRBMOR is to approximate the internal variables of the dissipative material by a precomputed reduced basis computed from snapshot POD. To drastically accelerate the computing procedure, pRBMOR has been implemented by parallelization on modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The implementation of pRBMOR with GPU acceleration enables us to realize the design of multiscale elastoviscoplastic structures using the previously developed design framework inrealistic computing time and with affordable memory requirement. We have so far assumed a fixed material microstructure at the microscopic scale. The remaining part of the thesis is dedicated to simultaneous design of both macroscopic structure and microscopic materials. By the previously established multiscale design framework, we have topology variables and volume constraints defined at both scales
Benmansour, Fethallah. "Méthode des chemins minimaux appliquée à l'imagerie médicale : Segmentation de structures tubulaires et de surfaces par anisotropie multi-échelle et par détection récursive de points clés." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090034.
Full textIn this thesis, we used and adapted the minimal path method to segment tubular structures in medical images, and to extract closed surfaces from biomedical images. The minimal path method has been introduced in order to minimize globally the geodesic active contour functional. In the first part of the manuscript, we recall the active contour models and their variants, and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Then, we focus on the theoretical and numerical aspects of the minimal path method both in the classical isotropic case and the Riemannian anisotropic case. Also, we illustrate the importance of the metric and show how one can tune its parameters in order to overcome the shortcut issue. In the second part, we are interested in segmenting tubular structures. We propose a novel minimal path model that takes into account the vessel width and direction. We have chosen to exploit the tubular structure of the vessels one wants to extract to build an anisotropic metric giving higher speed on the center of the vessels and also when the minimal path tangent is coherent with the vessel’s direction. In the third part, the problem of surface extraction from 3D images is addressed. First, we introduce a front propagation approach to detect recursively keypoints on an object of interest. Then, we propose a method to extract a patch of surface from a single source point. In order to obtain a complete surface, this approach is iterated. Finally, we propose a global approach that takes benefit of the interfaces surrounding the object
Aloui, Nadia. "Localisation sonore par retournement temporel." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT079/document.
Full textThe objective of this PhD is to propose a location solution that should be simple and robust to multipath that characterizes the indoor environments. First, a location system that exploits the time domain of channel parameters has been proposed. The system adopts the time of arrival of the path of maximum amplitude as a signature and estimates the target position through nonparametric kernel regression. The system was evaluated in experiments for two main configurations: a privacy-oriented configuration with code-division multiple-access operation and a centralized configuration with time-division multiple-access operation. A comparison between our privacy-oriented system and another acoustic location system based on code-division multiple-access operation and lateration method confirms the results found in radiofrequency-based localization. However, our experiments are the first to demonstrate the detrimental effect that reverberation has on acoustic localization approaches. Second, a location system based on time reversal technique and able to localize simultaneously sources with different location precisions has been tested through simulations for different values of the number of sources. The system has then been validated by experiments. Finally, we have been interested in reducing the audibility of the localization signal through psycho-acoustics. A filter, set from the absolute threshold of hearing, is then applied to the signal. Our results showed an improvement in precision, when compared to the location system without psychoacoustic model, thanks to the use of matched filter at the receiver. Moreover, we have noticed a significant reduction in the audibility of the filtered signal compared to that of the original signal
Hamelin, Adrien. "Sélection et amélioration de nuages de points 3D." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14707/1/hamelin.pdf.
Full textWagner, Julie. "A body-centric framework for generating and evaluating novel interaction techniques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772138.
Full textAbuzahra, Fakhry. "Etude Expérimentale des Processus d'Atomisation Textuels : Application à des Ecoulements Cavitants." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR028/document.
Full textTextural atomization designates the mechanism of drop peeling from the interface of a free liquid flow. This mechanismis controlled by the characteristics of the flow issuing from the injector and manifests at its vicinity. Almost uninvestigated,textural atomization is a rapid phenomenon, implies very small ligamentary structures and produces a mist of fine droplets.The work of this thesis is an experimental investigation of a textural atomization process observed on flows issuing fromcavitating injector. Three academic transparent atomizers are used and optical diagnostics are implemented: LDV (LaserDoppler Velocimetry) and PDPA (Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) to describe the internal flow and the spray, respectively,and still imaging at high spatial resolution or high-speed imaging for the internal and external flows. A first observation revealsa strong link between the cavitation regime and the textural atomization process. An analysis implying the measurementof the variability of the internal flow and of the atomization process quantifies this link. Here, the atomization process isdescribed by the measurement of its scale distribution. Associated with the concept of equivalent system, this multi-scaleanalysis returns a mathematical expression for the investigated atomization process. This result is unprecedented. Completedby a mathematical description of the spray drop-diameter distribution, it offers a new support to build a model of ligamentaryatomization processes presented in this work and that connects ligament size and deformation to the drop populations. Thesefine analyses provide a better knowledge of the investigated atomization process. For instance, we learn that, at fixed flowrate, the height of the inlet pipe feeding the orifice has no influence on the atomization process. Furthermore, a criterion hasbeen established to identify the smallest ligament deformation scale implied in the drop production
Prill, Torben. "Caractérisation et modélisation de structures carbonées nanoporeuses." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0073/document.
Full textThe aim of the work presented here is to optimize nanoporous carbon materials by means of 'virtual material design'. On this length scale (~ 10nm) Focused Ion Beam – Scanning Electron Microscopy Nanotomography (FIB-SEM) is the only imaging technique providing three dimensional geometric information. Yet, for the optimization, the pore space of the materials must be reconstructed from the resulting image data, which was a generally unsolved problem so far.To overcome this problem, a simulation method for FIB-SEM images was developed. The resulting synthetic FIB-SEM images could then be used to test and validate segmentation algorithms. Using simulated image data, a new algorithm for the morphological segmentation of the highly porous structures from FIB-SEM data was developed, enabling the reconstruction of the three dimensional pore space from FIB-SEM images.Two case studies with nanoporous carbons used for energy storage are presented, using the new techniques for the characterization and optimization of electrodes of Li-ion batteries and electric double layer capacitors (EDLC's), respectively. The reconstructed pore space is modeled geometrically by means of stochastic geometry. Finally, the electrical properties of the materials were simulated using both imaged real and modeled structures
Walter, Nicolas. "Détection de primitives par une approche discrète et non linéaire : application à la détection et la caractérisation de points d'intérêt dans les maillages 3D." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808216.
Full textRojo, Amandine. "Etude de la structuration et du comportement de matériaux à base de gypse sous condition incendie." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880650.
Full textSaid, Mouhammad. "Géométrie multi-résolution des objets discrets bruités." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM084.
Full textBoundary curves are compact and descriptive means for defining regions or shapes in the plane. It is well known that shapes should be studied at different scales. This has led to the development of regular and irregular pyramids for shape analysis and scene understanding. However there exists no analytical description of the multiresolution of a digital shape, contrary to the famous scale-space analysis in the continuous world. Moreover, in the context of digital geometry, geometric primitives such as lines, circles or polynomials are of a great importance. For instance, pieces of digital lines are excellent tangent estimators, circular arcs estimate curvature. It is thus fundamental to keep them in the multiscale analysis of digital boundaries. One of the contribution of this thesis is to give new analytical results on the multiresolution of Digital Straight Line (DSL) and Digital Straight Segment (DSS). Figueiredo is the first one who studied the behavior of 8-connected lines when changing the resolution of the grid [41]. In this work, we consider a standard digital line. The objective is to provide an analytic description of digital straight line DSL when the resolution of the grid is changed by an arbitrary factor. We also prove that their subsampling is a standard digital line. As analytical formulae for DSS appear to be a much harder problem and DSS are finite parts of DSL, we propose an indirect path to DSS multiresolution. Given a DSS, we build two DSL whose intersection contains it and whose main connected part has the same arithmetic characteristics as well as the same number of patterns. We note here that we propose new results about the combinatorics of such digital line intersections. We determine the multiresolution of DSS by examining the multiresolution of the intersection of these two DSL. We give a new analytical description of this set with arithmetic inequalities. We also address the problem of computing the exact characteristics of any subsegment of digital straight line with known characteristics. We present two new algorithms SmartDSS and ReversedSmartDSS that solve this problem. Their principle is to climb the Stern-Brocot tree of fraction either in a top-down or bottom-up way. Their worst-time complexity are better than the classical DSS recognition algorithm. Both algorithms are useful to compute efficiently the multiresolution of a DSS. The noise along digital contours is not really detected but is rather canceled out by thickening digital straight segments. The thickness is tuned by a user and set globally for the contour. To overcome this issue, we propose an original strategy to detect locally both the amount of noise and the meaningful thickness of each point of a digital contour. This work is based on the asymptotic properties of blurred segments with different thicknesses and forms an alternative to the multiscale approach to noise detection
Bouty, Adrien. "Influence de la dispersion des charges et de la conformation des chaines sur les propriétés mécaniques de systèmes nanocomposites SBR/Silice." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925836.
Full textDebayle, Johan. "Traitement d'image à voisinages adaptatifs généraux." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749859.
Full textVerville, Marc. "Comparaison et évaluation des techniques de modélisation régionale du climat avec le modèle GEM : aire limitée versus résolution variable." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3733/1/M11659.pdf.
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