Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Techniques d'imagerie'
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Feschet, Fabien. "Techniques d'imagerie pour l'aide au positionnement en dosimétrie conformationnelle." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0020.
Full textThe works described here are the result o f a collaboration between the cancer institute Léon Bérard in Lyon and the ERIC laboratory of the Université Lyon 2. We deal with the problem of building a prototype system f or patient positioning in t he context of conformational radiotherapy, with the help of currently daily used collimators. We propose a system which satisfies the medical constraints and whose goal is to be easily inserted inside the current medical protocols. Our study is divided into four parts. First, we begin with the calibration procedure of the imaging system. This procedure is done with t he help of a synthetic object specially built for the project, that is first submitted to a scanner acquisition. We show that the calibration step can be reduced to a minimization procedure between measures done on the scanner exam and on an image acquired with the collimator system. In a second part, we study the volume rendering techniques in order to simulate the images which can be acquired with the collimator. We propose to use ray- casting volume rendering and provide several accumulation formulas for images generation. In a third study, we present work s on multi-modality image registration. We propose to align the acquired image with the generated image. We base our approach on the intensity based techniques with the used of two different similarity measures and provide some comparisons between them. In a fourth and last part, we address the problem of recovering the three dimensional movements of the patient. To do this, we apply the registration procedure in several acquisition planes. The three dimensional deplacement of the patient is computed with a least-squared minimization procedure. Some experiments show the feasibility of patient positioning system in the context of conformal radiotherapy. The precision of this system is about one millimeter where the currently used procedures only achieved a one centimeter precision
NOMBLOT, CHRISTOPHE. "Radio-anatomie du pelvis feminin : impact des nouvelles techniques d'imagerie." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31532.
Full textMao, Lili. "Techniques rapides d'imagerie par résonance magnétique en régime d'équilibre dynamique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615576d.
Full textBelin, Etienne. "Utilisation de nouvelles techniques d'imagerie pour la vision en milieux diffusants." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446506.
Full textGalicher, Raphaël. "Étude de techniques d'imagerie à haut contraste basées sur la cohérence." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436293.
Full textRousselin, Michel. "Apport des nouvelles techniques d'imagerie médicale dans les fractures de fatigue." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25019.
Full textKozhemyak, Anastasia. "Modèles mathématiques et méthodes de reconstruction pour des techniques émergentes d'imagerie biomédicale." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0007.
Full textThorez, Manuel. "Étude et réalisation d'un système numérique d'imagerie tomographique appliqué à l'odontologie." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120035.
Full textShi, Yu. "Mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'un dispositif d'imagerie d'impédance bioélectrique." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT068H.
Full textDesponds, Lionel. "Analyse de la performance de système d'imagerie radiologique avec application aux techniques mammographiques /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=928.
Full textBRESSON, Alexandre. "Techniques d'imagerie quantitatives : fluorescence induite par laser appliquée aux écoulements et aux combustions." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010884.
Full textLe but de la thèse est de développer une ou plusieurs techniques d'imagerie quantitatives et instantanées de température et de concentration. Deux axes d'études complémentaires ont été abordés au cours de ce travail. Il s'agit de la fluorescence induite par laser sur le radical OH pour l'étude des milieux en combustion et de la fluorescence induite par laser d'un traceur moléculaire (acétone) pour l'étude des écoulements non réactifs. Ces deux axes d'étude ont été menés en parallèle avec la même approche : après compilation des données bibliographiques, des modèles de fluorescence induite par laser de ces deux espèces ont été développés. Les résultats de ces modélisations ont servi à sélectionner les meilleures stratégies expérimentales.
Des expériences pilotes ont été mises en place en vue développer ces techniques d'imagerie. Elles consistent en l'utilisation des modèles proposés pour les deux traceurs étudiés afin d'obtenir des images instantanées et couplées de température et de concentration dans différents types d'écoulements (combustion hydrogène–air, mélange de jets, ...).
D'autres applications ont été réalisées sur des bancs d'essais à caractère semi-industriel afin de caractériser l'utilisation de ces techniques dans des conditions de mesures sévères.
Les résultats obtenus au cours de ces différentes expériences montrent que l'outil d'imagerie quantitative et instantanée développé est opérationnel, répondant ainsi à un besoin d'informations quantitatives et spatialement résolues et complétant les possibilités offertes par les autres diagnostics optiques.
Wen, Shuang. "Identification expérimentale de modèles de zones cohésives à partir de techniques d'imagerie thermomécanique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00854103.
Full textAmiot, Caroline. "Nouvelles techniques de detection et d'imagerie avec des sources supercontinuum dans l'infra-rouge." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD043.
Full textThe ability to detect substances or molecules with high sensitivity and to image objects with high resolution plays an important role in our everyday life as well as in advances in understanding fundamental phenomena. Optical techniques are generally highly beneficial for this purpose as they are intrinsically remote, non-invasive and exhibit superior sensitivity and resolution. In this context, it is thus not surprising that a wide range of sensing and imaging techniques have been developed in the past decades and are continuously the subject intense research. The performance of these methods depends dramatically on the type of light source that is used and it is therefore essential to tailor the light source properties to the intended method of application.A spectral region which has recently attracted a wide interest is the mid-infrared corresponding to the molecular fingerprint region and the atmospheric transparency window. This in turn has triggered renewed research effort into adapting existing technique to this particular region of the electromagnetic spectrum including the light sources and detection schemes. This thesis reports novel, proof-of-concept, broadband optical sensing and imaging techniques in the infrared using supercontinuum light, a class of light sources with unique properties. The techniques are experimentally demonstrated and their performances discussed.Specifically, the thesis demonstrate incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorp- tion spectroscopy in the mid-infrared wavelength range from 3000 to 3450 nm. Multi-component gas detection with sub-ppm accuracy is achieved in this range, which constitutes the widest continuous detection range for this technique in the mid-infrared.Cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy in the mid-infrared is also demonstrated for the first time in this thesis. The approach is broadband and allows for higher photoacoustic signal intensity and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio as compared to conventional systems that use back-body radiation sources. These results offer novel perspective for photoacoustic detection opening the door to sensitive broadband and compact analysers in the mid-infrared spectral region.Exploiting the shot-to-shot fluctuations of an incoherent supercontinuum and the recent progress in ultrafast real-time spectral measurement techniques, the thesis finally reports on a novel proof-of-concept correlation sensing and imaging method in the form of spectral-domain ghost imaging. The method is fast, scan-free, and offer new opportunities for remote sensing in scattering and absorbing media, or in spectral regions where sensitive detectors are lacking. Application of this technique to broadband spectroscopic measurements gases as well as for interferometric imaging of physical objects is demonstrated. One can legitimately expect that the work presented in this thesis will foster new ideas and developments for optical sensing and imaging
Le, Roy Bertrand. "Techniques radiovasculaires et d'imagerie dans la prise en charge thérapeutique des tumeurs hépatiques." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS019.
Full textRésumé indisponible
Chemin, Catherine. "Apport des nouvelles techniques d'imagerie cerebrale dans la schizophrenie : revue de la litterature." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M142.
Full textBresson, Alexandre. "Techniques d'imagerie quantitatives : fluorescence induite par laser appliquée aux écoulements et aux combustions." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES065.
Full textGranada, Sales Francesc d'Assís. "Techniques d'imagerie pour la determination du champ de vitesses à la surface d'une avalanche." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1911.
Full textL'estudi de riscos naturals i més concretament del moviment dels materials naturals (allaus o les laves torrencials) i de com modelar aquests moviments són temes de recents programes de recerca a nivell europeu.
Tricot, Benoit. "Mise en place de techniques d'imagerie cardiaque par résonance magnétique chez le petit animal." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6367.
Full textDUPONT, LE PRIOL PIERRE. "Apport des differentes techniques d'imagerie medicale dans la pathologie de la coiffe des rotateurs." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF13828.
Full textMaï, Wilfried. "Diagnostic phénotypique des souris transgéniques et knock-out par les techniques d'imagerie haute résolution." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10101.
Full textPeoc'h, Michel. "L'angiogénèse des gliomes expérimentaux et humains : approche histologique couplée à des techniques d'imagerie RMN." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10088.
Full textViennot, Guillaume. "Utilisation de techniques d'imagerie de synthèse pour le calcul de la propagation des champs électromagnétiques." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/20c5b13d-dddf-4016-b0ac-fcb56fddb6d3/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4038.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis report we are presenting an adaptation of realistic image synthesis algorithms to perform calculations of electromagnetic wave propagation. After presenting the basis of the main methods of numerical calculations in the two domains, we find a way to use stochastic ray tracing for wave propagation. This is based on using the induction theorem and image theory to calculate the equivalent currents on the surfaces. The overall functioning of a rendering engine is explained and all the adaptations that were made. Then the results of two different implementations are presented and compared to a conventional method of calculation. The first implementation is based on amplitude of probability particles. The second implementation is based directly on field particles. This study also highlights the importance of the probability density functions on results. The possible evolutions are then presented
Hédoux, Patrick. "Détermination de paramètres biomécaniques personnalisés à partir d'imagerie médicale : application aux sujets hémiplégiques." Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/165e1b0d-7270-4dd2-9d42-f5d3c856ab44.
Full textThe study of kinematics and human kinetics requires knowledge of anthropomorphic data such as the dimensions and inertia moments of body segments. Dimensions are easily measured whereas inertia moments are classically evaluated from tables or from modelling methods based on population averages. So an individualized analysis method is necessary. This thesis work proposes an automatic method for the personalized determination of geometrical and inertial parameters of body segments from 3D medical images. MRI was selected for this research. Recognition of tissue types is performed with several image segmentation techniques. An original segmentation method using fuzzy logic was developed and yields better results in terms of efficacy and robustness. Geometric and inertial parameters were calculated for each body segment. The precision of the determination was studied on virtual images and standard anatomical pieces. The results were also compared to those of methods classically used
Bijar, Ahmad. "Recalages non-linéaires pour la génération automatique de modèles biomécaniques patients-spécifiques à partir d'imagerie médicale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS010.
Full textDuring the last years, there has been considerable interest in using computer-aided medical design, diagnosis, and decision-making techniques that are rapidly entering the treatment mainstreams. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of 3D models is one of the most popular and efficient numerical methods that can be utilized for solving complex problems like deformation of soft tissues or orthopedic implant designs/configurations. However, the accuracy of solutions highly depends upon the quality and accuracy of designed Finite Element Meshes (FEMs). The generation of such high-quality subject/patient-specific meshes can be extremely time consuming and labor intensive as the process includes geometry extraction of the target organ and meshing algorithms. In clinical applications where the patient specifiity has to be taken into account via the generation of adapted meshes these problems become methodological bottlenecks. In this context, various studies have addressed these challenges by bypassing the meshing phase by employing atlas-based frameworks using the deformation of an atlas FE mesh. However, these methods still rely on the geometrical description of the target organ, such as contours, 3D surface models, or a set of land-marks.In this context, the aim of this thesis is to investigate how registration techniques can overcome these bottlenecks of atlas-based approaches.We first propose an automatic atlas-based method that includes the volumetric anatomical image registration and the morphing of an atlas FE mesh. The method extracts a 3D transformation by registering the atlas' volumetric image to the subject's one. The subject-specific mesh is then generated by deforming a high-quality atlas FE mesh using the derived transformation. The registration process is designed is such a way to preserve the regularity and the quality of meshes for subsequent FEAs. A first step towards the evaluation of our approach, namely the accuracy of the inter-subject registration process, is provided using a data set of CT ribcage. Then, subject-specific tongue meshes are generated for two healthy subjects and two patients suffering from tongue cancer, in pre- and post-surgery conditions. In order to illustrate a tentative fully automatic process compatible with the clinical constraints, some functional consequences of a tongue surgery are simulated for one of the patients, where the removal of the tumor and the replacement of the corresponding tissues with a passive flap are modeled. With the extraction of any formal priorknowledge on the shape of the target organ and any meshing algorithm, high-quality subject-specific FE meshes are generated while subject’s geometrical properties are successfully captured.Following this method, we develop an original atlas-based approach that employs the information provided by the anatomical images and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based muscle fibers for the recognition and registration of fiber-bundles that can be integrated in the subject-specific FE meshes. In contrast to the DT MR images registration techniques that include reorientation of tensors within or after the transformation estimation, our methodology avoids this issue and directly aligns fiber-bundles. This also enables one to handel limited or distorted DTIs by deformation of an atlas fibers’ structure according to the most reliable and non-distorted subject’s ones. Such a manner becomes very important, since the classification and the determination of muscular sub-structures need manual intervention of thousands or millions of fibers for each subject, which are influenced by the limitations associated with the DTI image acquisition process and fiber tractography techniques. To evaluate the performance of our method in the recognition of subject’s fiber-bundles and accordingly in the deformation of the atlas ones, a simulated data set is utilized. In addition, feasibility of our method is demonstrated on acquired human tongue data set
Tran, Thi Ngoc Huyen. "Study of compression behavior of wood-based fiberboard : caractérisation à partir de techniques d'imagerie non destructives." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14666/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at characterizing the mechanical properties of wood-based fibrous material in relation with the intrinsic properties of the fiber as well as the complex architecture of random fibrous assembly. This material, whose characteristics strongly depend on its configuration, is heterogeneous at different scales: microscopic scale of individual fibers, mesoscopic scale of fiber assembly and macroscopic scale of sample. In order to observe these heterogeneities, different experimental characterization methods are employed, especially X-ray microtomography and Digital Volume Correlation. These both techniques allow us to visualize and digitize the spatial position of different phases of material at microscopic scale as well as the full 3D strain field inside the material. The obtained results are following: the material shows a non-linear mechanical behavior with hysteresis and residual deformation during cyclic compression tests, which respects Van Wyk's model. At microscopic scale, the 3D strain field is strongly heterogeneous and deeply related to local porosities
Clarençon, Frédéric. "Malformation artério-veineuses cérébrales : d'une amélioration des techniques d'imagerie vers un changement de paradigme des traitements." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0073/document.
Full textBrain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are aggressive vascular malformations presenting a haemorrhagic complication risk that may lead to severe consequences in terms of morbi-‐mortality. Available imaging tools poorly help in understanding their angio-‐architecture. We have developed two imaging tools improving our understanding of the anatomy of these malformations: a semi-‐automated segmentation algorithm and a convex spherical anamorphosis algorithm. These algorithms have been elaborated for use on 3D rotational angiography acquisitions; they provide a better visualisation of the bAVMs’ main draining vein, especially for venous stenosis or for focal ectasia. They also help in depicting accurately intranidal aneurysms. These improvements in the analysis of the bAVMs’ angioarchitecure may help in reducing the therapeutic risk for these malformations. For a further testing of the potential of anti-‐angiogenic agents for the treatment of bAVMs, we have elaborated a simplified swine AVM model consisting in the occlusion of a common carotid artery by endovascular means. The comparison between the volume of the rete mirabile at D0 and 3 months and those measured in a control group showed a significant increasing of the retia in the occlusion group. Moreover, a tendency was observed concerning an increase in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) serum levels close to the rete mirabile in the occlusion group. Finally, pathological changes close to those seen in human bAVMs were observed on autopsy samples in the occlusion group
Affagard, Jean-Sébastien. "Identification des propriétés hyperélastiques des muscles de la cuisse à l'état passif : couplage des techniques de corrélation d'images aux techniques d'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975741.
Full textKafal, Moussa. "Techniques d'imagerie pour la détection et la localisation de défauts non francs dans les réseaux de câblage." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC067/document.
Full textElectrical cables are everywhere in many fields where the transfer of energy and information is necessary to guarantee a good performance of a system. One day or another, a cable in a network will show signs of weakness leading to the appearance of either hard or soft faults. Despite the fact that several electric and non-electric wire diagnosis methods have been studied and developed throughout the last few decades, reflectometrybased techniques have been providing effective results with hard faults, but have shown to be less reliable whenever soft faults are addressed. Based on a radically different concept, the DORT method, originally developed in acoustics was recently transposed to guided-wave propagation, e.g., wire networks, and shown to precisely detect and locate single soft faults even within complex network configurations. On the other hand, multiple faults cannot be resolved separately. Henceforth an alternative formulation of the DORT based on an updating scheme is proposed. Notably, this novel approach, referred to as EDORT, allowed locating multiple soft faults in different wiring networks and enabled extracting the intensity of each fault solely. On the other hand, such time domain methods rely on the availability of potentially large bandwidths, in order to create the conditions for spatial resolution. Time-reversal (TR) multiple signal classification, also known as TR-MUSIC, ensured sub-wavelength spatial resolution of the faults’ locations while working on a single-frequency basis. TR-MUSIC has shown a good performance in locating single as well as multiple soft faults in different network configurations. It has also shown to allow retrieving the reflection coefficient of each fault separately
Vioix, Jean-Baptiste. "Conception et réalisation d'un dispositif d'imagerie multispectrale embarqué : du capteur aux traitements pour la détection d'adventices." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS022.
Full textWeed detection is one of the most important issues for a non-polluting and productive agriculture. In this PhD we present a new method based on aerial images acquired with a remote controlled aircraft. We use a multispectral image sensor based on a CCD camera and a wheel of filters. This sensor is compact enough to be shipped in a remote controlled aircraft. An image mosaicing is done in order to be able to use spectrometric information. Later, spectral information is used to establish three classes : soil, crops and weeds. Classification is split in two steps. First, a non-supervised algorithm allows the separation between soil and plants. Second, supervised methods are used to distinguish crops and weeds. These various algorithms are compared to each other. A crop row detection method based on Gabor filter is developed. This information allows weeds/crop separation regardless of their spectral characteristics. An original method for computing time acceleration based on wavelet packets is detailed. These two methods having different error sources, we suggest to merge them using a Bayesian approach. Finally, a region growing algorithm achieves the classification. Experimental results obtained in test fields are provided to assess the quality of the classification
Mérian, Juliette. "Développement et caractérisation in vivo de nanoparticules lipidiques biocompatibles au moyen des techniques d'imagerie de fluorescence et nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747071.
Full textDhermain, Frédéric. "Apports des techniques d'imagerie par résonance magnétique de perfusion dans la caractérisation et le suivi des gliomes cérébraux." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA115045.
Full textFaure, Laurence. "Techniques d'imagerie radio-isotopique d'exploration du macrophage : développement et application à l'étude de l'inflammation et en pharmacologie cardiopulmonaire." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR3310.
Full textMacrophages play a important role in immunity. However, they are aise involved in physiopathological processes such as chronic inflammation and cardiopulmonary shock associated with Pulmonary Intravascular Macrophages (PIMs). This work investigates these two aspects of macrophages function using dedicated scintigraphie imaging techniques : 1) The recruitment of macrophages in articular inflammation models was explored using a specifie probe for macrophages, JOO 1, labelled with technetium. After optimization of the radiopharmaceutical, the scintigraphie potential of the marker was tested in rabbit irnmunological arthritis, spomaneous arthritis in TNF-a transgenic meuse and articular lesions induced by quinolone toxicity in the rat. Results underline the complementarity of JOO1 and MDP (marker for bone metabolism) imaging. The scintigraphie sensitivity for detection of inflammatory foci proved to be superior to that of histological exarnination. 2) The study of pulmonary vasoreactivity associated with the presence of PIMs was evaluated by dynamic scintigraphy with 81 rn-krypton continuous infusion in the pig. Only agents with colloidal supramolecular structure induce PIM's thromboxane release resulting in changes in pulmonary perfusion. Using a biliary cirrhosis madel in rats, the col. Onisation ofthe Jung by mononucleated phagocytes was demonstrated, as weil as an associated cardiopulmonary sensitivity. These results allow the interpretation of unexpected pulmonary images observed in some patients at the time of hepatic scintigraphy. The krypton imaging technique was also used in the dog to cvaluate the secondary effects of sorne xenobiotics on cardiopulmonary function and could be a new tool in pharmacology
BOVIS, FRANCOIS. "Le syndrome de l'artere poplitee piegee : apport et place des techniques d'imagerie nouvelles ; a propos de 9 observations." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M177.
Full textDiaz, Frédéric. "Systeme d'imagerie hybride par codage de pupille." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624387.
Full textDeprez, Jean-François Basset Olivier Brusseau Elisabeth. "Estimation 3D de la déformation des tissus mous biologiques par traitement numérique des données ultrasonores radiofréquences." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2009. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=deprez.
Full textEYRAUD, PASCALE. "Place de l'irm par rapport aux autres techniques d'imagerie dans le diagnostic de l'osteonecrose aseptique de la tete femorale." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M118.
Full textLbath-Lassays, Florence. "Etude biomécanique 3D d'un implant trapézo-métacarpien à l'aide de techniques d'imagerie médicale, d'éléments finis et de caractérisation mécanique." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0006.
Full textThe osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, located at the base of the thumb, can be treated by a total cementless prosthesis coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). This work deals with the three-dimensional biomechanical study of the intact and prosthetic CMC joint. The CMC constraining force was predicted for two hand function: tip pinch and key pinch. The joint and tendon spatial orientations were defined using two distinct experimental methods: cadaver hand anatomical section photographs and an original method using magnetic resonance imaging of a living hand. A numerical model of the CMC prosthetic joint based on the finite element method was developed to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of the bone-prosthesis structure for two typical loading (tip and key pinches). The accurate description of bone geometry was simulated using data obtained from computed tomography of a cadaver hand. The theoretical analysis of the carpometacarpal total arthroplasty was coupled with experimental studies on the one hand, to validate the calculations by photoelastic and strain-gauge measurements, on the other hand, to determine the bone and hydroxyapatite mechanical characteristics. Compressive, tensile and shear tests of the HA coating lead to a failure criterion, in order to take into account this biomaterial behaviour in the finite element model. This work, even though non exhaustive, essentially presented an important methodological contribution. The finite element models predicted, immediately after surgery (contact with friction at the bone-implant interface) and in the long term after bony ingrowth (fully bonded interface), large stresses in the hydroxyapatite coating, in the current state of our modelling
Mohsen, Nabil. "Analyse sérielle des modifications de la phase de repolarisation des électrocardiogrammes : Méthodes et modèles de variations." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0084.
Full textWe present a new methodology for the analysis and the quantitative assessment of changes in the re-polarisation phase of electrocardiograms. Our approach is based on an optimal comparison of the successive spatio-temporal ECG images described by the extremity of the electrical field vector of the heart of a same patient recorded at a few seconds or at a few months interval. This method consists in first mapping the T waves into a 3-Dimensional orthogonal reference system which is defined by the inertia axes of the loops, and thus is independent of the position of the heart in the thorax. Theo an optimized spatio-temporal superimposition of the two ECG loops to be compared is iteratively performed according to an heuristically-driven algorithm alternating geometrical transformations and temporal resynchronizations, aimed at minimizing the mean quadratic deviation between the two T loops. This design allows to very precisely quantify the serial changes in the spatio-temporal structure of the T wave and in the QT interval duration, by overcoming the extra-cardiac beat-to-beat variability which usually disturbs the accuracy of the measurements. As a result, we have develop new linear predictive models of the variations of the T interval in function of the heart-rate variability, on a learning data-set composed of 720 healthy subjects recorded at a few months interval. The methods we resent are now art of the CAVIAR serial ECG analysis system and have been evaluated on various populations, especially in the field of pharmacological drug trials
Welcomme, Eléonore. "Développement de techniques combinées de microanalyse par rayonnement synchrotron pour l'étude des pigments à base de carbonates de plomb." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066523.
Full textThines, Laurent. "EVALUATION DES NOUVELLES TECHNIQUES D'IMAGERIE VASCULAIRE CEREBRALE POUR L'OPTIMISATION DU DIAGNOSTIC, DU TRAITEMENT ET DU SUIVI DES ANEVRISMES INTRACRANIENS OPERES." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362263.
Full textLes progrès apportés aux appareils d'angioscanner cérébral (scanners multi-détecteurs) ont ouvert la voie du bilan initial des anévrismes rompus à un examen plus accessible, plus confortable, plus rapide et non invasif. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons étudié cette technique à la phase diagnostique et montré la possibilité grâce à celle-ci de diriger les patients de façon fiable vers le traitement chirurgical ou endovasculaire. Certains anévrismes, comme les anévrismes paraclinoïdiens, sont de part leurs rapports anatomiques plus difficiles à traiter chirurgicalement. Sélectionner dans ce groupe d'anévrismes ceux qui nécessitent potentiellement d'être exclus (anévrismes intraduraux) est donc primordial. Dans un premier temps, nous avons développé, à l'aide d'un modèle radio-anatomique dédié, un protocole d'IRM (1.5 Tesla) permettant cette analyse, puis nous avons évalué et montré l'intérêt de celui-ci dans la prise en charge d'une population de patients porteurs d'anévrismes paraclinoïdiens, et, enfin nous avons optimisé le protocole lui-même à l'aide d'une machine d'IRM utilisant un aimant plus puissant (3.0 Tesla) et offrant une résolution spatiale supérieure.
Avec les progrès du traitement endovasculaire, les anévrismes orientés vers le traitement chirurgical sont plus fréquemment complexes. Les outils permettant d'optimiser le planning pré-opératoire, la décision peropératoire ou le geste chirurgical lui-même vont permettre d'améliorer les résultats de la chirurgie. Nos travaux ont permis de potentialiser l'aide apportée dans ces domaines par l'angiographie rotationnelle tridimensionnelle. Nous avons, d'une part, mis en oeuvre un protocole permettant d'obtenir de façon semi-automatisée la vue 3D de l'arbre vasculaire porteur de l'anévrisme orientée selon la disposition opératoire. D'autre part, nous avons montré l'intérêt de la réalisation d'une angiographie rotationnelle biplan peropératoire comme aide directe au geste chirurgical (contrôle proximal de l'anévrisme avec occlusion carotidienne par ballonnet ou recherche immédiate d'un reliquat).
Le contrôle post-opératoire de la qualité du traitement chirurgical est devenu également une priorité. Si l'ARM s'est progressivement imposée dans de nombreux centres comme l'examen privilégié du contrôle des anévrismes embolisés, l'angiographie conventionnelle, examen invasif, restait encore la référence pour les anévrismes traités chirurgicalement. Nos travaux ont permis d'évaluer l'intérêt et les limites de l'angioscanner cérébral 64-détecteurs pour le contrôle post-opératoire immédiat des anévrismes traités par technique de clippage standard, et pour la mise en évidence de la perméabilité d'un pontage extracrânien-intracrânien associé au traitement d'un anévrisme intracrânien.
En conclusion, les nouvelles techniques d'imagerie vasculaire cérébrale étudiées dans notre travail permettent d'optimiser à tous les stades la prise en charge chirurgicale des anévrismes intracrâniens. Le développement de nouveaux logiciels de post-traitement d'image (Amira®) pourrait permettre dans un avenir proche et à partir de l'angioscanner de simuler la taille et l'orientation à la pose du ou des clips au niveau du collet anévrismal.
Thines, Laurent. "Evaluation des nouvelles techniques d'imagerie vasculaire cérébrale pour l'optimisation du diagnostic, du traitement et du suivi des anévrismes intracrâniens opérés." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S048.
Full textLecocq, Angèle. "Optimisation des techniques non invasives d'IRM de perfusion cérébrale et d'imagerie spectroscopique par résonance magnétique pour l'exploration des pathologies cérébrales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5065.
Full textConventional MRI's lack of specificity in clinical routine limits our ability to perform correct diagnoses or follow-ups of pathological diseases. Two forms of NMR imaging, perfusion weighed and spectroscopic imaging provide information about two closely related characteristics :cerebral perfusion and metabolism. However, these techniques are not widely used due to the complexity of implementation and a lack of quantification.The general aim was to optimize and validate completely non-invasive NMR techniques for further human clinical applications in the context of exploring large cerebral volumes and determining absolute or pseudo-absolute quantification of cerebral perfusion and metabolism. Concerning perfusion, three arterial spin labeling sequences, PASL PICORE, PASL FAIR and pCASL, were compared in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. The pCASL sequence was then integrated to a protocol applied to patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. In relation to metabolism, a protocol was applied in order to access absolute and pseudo-absolute metabolite quantification by water SI normalization from MRI proton density. This technique was validated on 2D CSI and then on 3D with EPSI sequence with two orientations, AC-PC and AC-PC+15 in order to generate reliable normative values of metabolites for the whole brain. The use of those spectroscopic techniques on patients suffering from multiple sclerosis allowed demonstrating the feasibility in clinic.This work demonstrates that reliable absolute quantification in perfusion weighted and spectroscopic imaging can be obtained with extensive coverage and with an acquisition time compatible with the reality of clinical exams
Tan, Junyan. "Exploration d'architectures génériques sur FPGA pour des algorithmes d'imagerie multispectrale." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838037.
Full textLatry, Christine. "Intérêt des techniques d'imagerie dans le diagnostic des spondylodiscites infectieuses non tuberculeuses : étude rétrospective clinique et paraclinique portant sur 33 patients." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23038.
Full textFantoni, Frédéric. "Méthodes d'illumination et de détection innovantes pour l'amélioration du contraste et de la résolution en imagerie moléculaire de fluorescence en rétrodiffusion." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU034/document.
Full textIntraoperative fluorescence imaging in reflectance geometry is an attractive imaging modality to noninvasively monitor fluorescence-targeted tumors. However, in some situations, this kind of imaging suffers from a lack of depth penetration and a poor resolution due to the diffusive nature of photons in tissue. The objective of the thesis was to tackle these limitations. Rather than using a wide-field illumination like usual systems, the technique developed relies on the scanning of the medium with a laser line illumination and the acquisition of images at each position of excitation. Several detection schemes are proposed to take advantage of the stack of images acquired to enhance the resolution and the contrast of the final image. These detection techniques were tested both in simulation with the NIRFAST software and a Monte-Carlo algorithm and experimentally. The experimental validation was performed on tissue-like phantoms and in vivo with a preliminary testing. The results are compared to those obtained with a classical wide-field illumination. As they enhance both the contrast and the resolution, these methods allow us to image deeper targets by reducing the negative effects of parasite signals and diffusion
Boussion, Nicolas. "Localisation et extension des perturbations liées aux foyers épileptogènes par fusion multimodale fonctionnelle et morphologique : application aux techniques d'imagerie TEMP, TEP, IRM." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T269.
Full textTourtier, Jean-Pierre. "Coraux de l'arc antillais et comblement osseux : apport des techniques d'imagerie et d'histologie dans l'étude du comportement in vivo chez le lapin." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M071.
Full textPiat, Jean-Marc. "Apport des nouvelles techniques d'imagerie dans le diagnostic et la surveillance des cancers de l'ovaire : tomodensitometrie, imagerie par resonance magnetique et immunoscintigraphie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M186.
Full textRICHARD, GONZALEZ DE LINARES BENEDICTE. "Contribution a l'etude d'un procede d'imagerie radiologique utilisant le photoconducteur a memoire bi : :(12)sio::(20)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066095.
Full textChinchilla, Lenin. "Quantitative ultrasound techniques to characterize soft tissue anisotropy." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0154.
Full textQuantitative ultrasound techniques based on the parameterization of the backscatter coefficient (BSC) generally assume that the tissue under investigation is homogeneous and isotropic. However, some tissues such as flowing red blood cell (RBC) aggregates, myocardium or bicep muscles exhibit angle-dependent acoustic properties (BSC and/or attenuation coefficient). The objective of this thesis was to incorporate anisotropy in tissue backscatter analysis. First, an ultrasonic backscattering model is proposed and evaluated numerically to characterize the anisotropic structures of RBC aggregates. Then, an experimental procedure was evaluated to measure BSC anisotropy in tissue-mimicking phantoms. More specifically, a performance comparison is carried out between a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer probe and a commercial piezoelectric probe to measure backscatter anisotropy by using the focused beam steering imaging strategy