Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Techniques de planification'
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Kharraja, Said. "Outils d'aide à la planification et l'ordonnancement des plateaux médico-techniques." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4010.
Full textThe thematic of operative programming is even emergent, especially in France. The existing work rather tempted to improve already existing operating theatre planning, but very rare are those that tried to understand its dysfunctions and to try to construct and to propose others. It is in this perspective that my research is subscribed. My research is especially about the problematic of estimable operating planning. The object of my thesis is to propose different decision making tools for the scheduling and the organization of the medico-technical platform. Beforehand, we studied a literature in relation with the hospital resource planning. The, we proposed a typology of the different models of operative programming, open scheduling, block scheduling, and modified block scheduling. For each of these models, in different configurations of working of operating theatre (public, private), we proposed some techniques and strategies based on operational research tools, Multiple Knapsack Problem, some techniques of Bin Packing, problems of Cutting Stock in dimension 1, linear programming, constraints satisfaction programming and models of flow-shop and hybrid flow-shop, that will allow the managers to manage their operating theatre, well-known to be the most expensive sector in the hospital
Pelletier, Christine. "Application des techniques d'aide à la décision à la planification sanitaire régionale." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004845.
Full textLeconte, Patrick. "Le processus de structuration des techniques de gestion prévisionnelle des ressources humaines : application à la construction d'un référentiel métiers dans un réseau d'organisations complexes." Tours, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011103.
Full textAvila, Cifuentes Oscar Javier. "Contribution à l’alignement complet des systèmes d’information techniques." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/AVILA_CIFUENTES_Oscar_Javier_2009.pdf.
Full textNowadays, the industrial context is characterised by the uncertainty and the complexity of its evolutions. Thus, companies have to evolve introducing internal changes as a response to the external forces. These internal changes should impact several levels of the organisation (strategic, organisational and informational levels). These related to the Information System (IS), are tackled in the IS alignment field. Contributions to IS alignment focus mainly on the so-called “internal” strategic alignment. However, to address the complexity and uncertainty of the external environment, it is proposed to consider two complementary levels enabling a “complete” alignment: the alignment with the environment and the alignment with the evolutions. For Technical IS (supporting product design and manufacturing processes) these three alignment levels take a specific form. The main objective of this work is thus to propose an approach enabling the complete alignment of Technical IS. Firstly, we propose an analysis framework in order to evaluate existing IS alignment approaches, towards the tackled alignment levels. The results of this evaluation show that alignment with the environment and the evolutions are not sufficiently supported yet. In this boarder, it is propose to adapt and operationalise the Strategic Alignment Model (SAM), of which an extension is proposed, and the Multi-Screen Model. The Extended SAM extends the original SAM by adding the specific application domain for Technical IS and formalising new “extended” alignment sequences. For the Multi-Screen Model, its conceptual elements are formalised. Corresponding evolution mechanisms enabling the construction of evolution sequences are proposed. In order to ensure the complete alignment of Technical IS, it is proposed to couple the Extended SAM and the Multi-Screen Model. At last, these models are enriched by a minimal alignment approach composed of four stages, exploiting the proposals of this work. The use of the approach is illustrated through an industrial a study case
Hernandez, Frédérique. "Le processus de planification des déplacements urbains entre projets techniques et modèles de ville." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32059.
Full textThe starting point for this research was the opportunity to follow, as an observer, the collective work meetings held for drawing up the Urban Travel Plans for Aix-en-Provence and Marseilles. We took the drafting of Urban Travel Plans as an “event”, a moment of constrained management which was superposed on common, everyday town management. Normative technical literature, as well as the legislative texts, position co-operation and exchanges between “actors” as one of the main levers in drawing up Urban Travels Plans. Although the legislative texts and the normative guides speak of the “actors”, the actors present at the work meetings speak of “projects” and technical issues. We have drawn up the hypothesis that the elaboration of an Urban Travel Plan is a scene where the interdependence between “projects”, rather than between partners is exacerbated. Basing our work on the theoretical developments proposed by Bruno Latour (symmetrical anthropology), we consider the operational projects as being what brings together and motivates the partners who draw up the Urban Travel Plan. We focused our interest on the many projects and their features
Canon, Cyril. "Application des techniques de recherche opérationnelle à la planification de centres de contacts en milieu multicompétent." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4039.
Full textThe aim of a call center is to manage the contacts between their clients and their customers. Agents are not equivalent. Knowing the forecasted incoming calls for four weeks and knowing the data concerning the agents, the problem is to determine the detailed planning of the agents, for each week. Firstly the forecasted number of calls is used to determine for each eriod the number of agents needed to satisfy the required quality of service. Then knowing the constraints related tothe labor code, the number of working hours for each week per agent has tobe deterined. Then the shifts of all the agents plus the position of the breaks and the days-off, with respect of the loading curve, have to be determined. Finally, we have to assign the activities to agents. In case of unfeasibility, some constraints are added to the third phase, and the process iterates until a feasible solution is found. Heuristic approaches are proposed and tested on randomly generated instances
Jelen, Jonathan. "Les techniques juridiques des stratégies industrielles des groupes d'entreprises publiques du secteur concurrentiel." Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU2022.
Full textThe main idea being that the decision making proces in public entreprises of the competitive sector does not at all correspond any longer to patterns that one is tempted to conceive from a traditionalist point of view, it has been undertaken to try to extract first the elements forming the legal frame within which this proces is normally bound to be effected, to demonstrate on the other hand and simultaneously its misfunctioning related to the three following axes seen alternatively or cumulated : it is or the competitive environment of todays public industrial enterprises or the ambiguous behavior of the political powers concerning these enterprises or the legal rules framing them or finally this legal framework itself that has to be considered having caused the misfunctionings. The dichotomy that is employed to discover those phenomenoms and to justify the critiques opposes two developments : in a first series are being exposed the cases where the strategic actors share their interventionist impact ; the second series corresponds to those decisions reserved to the political actors only, for if its more likely that the groupes themselves initiate and effect their, financial restructuring, it can be the politicians only that decide changements from the statutory point of view or who start a sectorial plan ; for if it is the groupes that integrate, privatisation is a purely political matter
Rahulan, Roopa. "Utilisation des coefficients techniques pour l'analyse du progrès technique : la prévision et la planification de ce progrès dans les industries textiles indiennes." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0021.
Full textThis thesis proposes to analyse the issue of technical progress in the indian textile industry over the last two decades (1965-85) in terms of changes in technical coefficients of five key inputs: capital, labor; energy, fibres and chemicals as represented in the input-output tables and other statistical sources. The practical aim of the thesis is to look into the use of the i-o table as an effective tool of planning for the medium and long term. The layout of the thesis is as follows: the first part deals with the historical account of structural changes in the textile industry. In the second part we look at changes in the five technical coefficients over three levels of statistical disaggregation. The third part relates to a synthesis of results and analyses practical aspects of the thesis. In conclusion, the key factors responsible for the observed tendencies, viz, that of a greater demand for synthetics and the ensuing technological differentiation within different segments of the textile sector may be adduced to government policy and final demand, the latter manifesting itself through consumer purchases of textiles at different levels of income
El, Falou Mohamad. "Contributions à la composition dynamique de services fondée sur des techniques de planification et diagnostic multi-agents." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2015.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of service composition. We focus on the use of planning techniques and we introduce two different approaches that overcome some limitations of the existing approaches. The first approach has two centralized algorithms based respectively on Tree-seach and Graphplan. These algorithms do not scale up well due to their exponential complexity. In the second approach, we overcome this limitation by proposing a multi-agents planning architecture where each web service defined by a set of services and is considered as an agent. The agents are coordinated by merging their best partial plan that answer partially to a request. This coordination procedure is repeated iteratively until reaching the goal using a local heuristic function. This approach is then extended by a global heuristics to ensure its completeness if the sub-problems assigned to the agents are dependent. This global heuristic of evaluating the best local plan avoids the wells by considering the intermediate local plans offered by other agents. The study of the complexity of decentralized approaches shows that they are polynomial, and experimental results show that they are able to scale up well for complex problems. Finally, a self-healing services composition agent-based architecture is developed. This architecture is a real integration between the processes of composition, active dignosis, and repair into one planning process
Capdevielle, Olivier. "Formulation d'objectifs de traitement d'images : une exploitation interactive d'un système de planification automatique de chaînes d'opérateurs." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30003.
Full textCaudron, Didier. "Utilisation de techniques de résolution de problèmes pour la planification de séquences de redémarrage de processus continus." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD306.
Full textLandry, Jean-François. "Modélisation et création d'un joueur virtuel de billard intelligent à l'aide de techniques d'optimisation et de planification." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4788.
Full textMaret, Pierre. "Modélisation et réutilisation des savoir-faire : application à l’activité de conseil aux organisations d=Modelisation and re-use ofknow-how. Application to business consulting." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0074.
Full textSharing knowledge and know-how (process knowledge) is a strategic perspective within organizations. Although sharing knowledge has been relatively well treated ( through data bases, data banks, document bases, and several features such as hypertext, etc. ), sharing know-how remains little approached and no general solution has yet been proposed. Our work takes place in the context of consulting activity concerning firms' strategies, organization and information systems. This activity is carried out by consultants and it consists in intellectual productions instead of physical productions. Our contribution consists in providing a conceptual framework for a systematic approach dedicated to the formalization and the reuse of know-how. Know-how is expressed in terms of process models, cognitive models (mental conceptual schemes) and document models. The proposed conceptual framework allows us to carry out the management of know-how within a firm. This management comprises on the one hand a process dedicated to the formalization of know-how, and on the other hand a process dedicated to its reuse. This second process takes place in the work of experts, i. E. Their production system, through methodological tools. The management of the know-how induces fums to adopt an informational logic, i. E. Based on process flexibility and communication between individuals. This logic is opposed to artisanal and industrial logic
Bidot, Julien. "A general framework integrating techniques for scheduling under uncertainty." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7281/1/bidot.pdf.
Full textChambure, Laurent de. "Apport des techniques d'optimisation et de conception assistée par ordinateur à la planification des exploitations à ciel ouvert." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603768n.
Full textChambure, Laurent de. "Apport des techniques d'optimisation et de conception assistee par ordinateur a la planification des exploitations a ciel ouvert." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0069.
Full textBelhaoua, Abdelkrim. "Planification et automatisation d’une reconstruction 3D par stéréovision : prise en compte des incertitudes et optimisation de l’illumination." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/BELHAOUA_Abdelkrim_2011.pdf.
Full textAutomation of the digitization process is an essential step for the development of three-dimensional measurement in different application areas, such as the evaluation of manufactured objects. The aim of this thesis is to assess the conformity of 3D manufactured objects taking into account the geometric tolerances and uncertainties related to various sources of error. 3D reconstruction is performed using a stereoscopic sensor. The quality of the 3D reconstruction can be significantly affected by the illumination properties. Therefore, the determination of favorable illumination parameters is a crucial problem that we have tried to solve by optimizing the placement of illumination sources. The quantification of the 3D error measurements is also the purpose of this thesis. The estimation of 3D errors allows us to assess the 3D reconstruction quality and thus to increase the performance of the 3D errors. A dimensional evaluation system based on computer vision has been developed in our laboratory. This system consists of two modules: the first one uses Situation Graph Trees that enable automation and management of the different procedures leading to the 3D reconstruction. The second module, called HTP (Hierarchical Task Plan) is in charge of the control of monitoring the acquisition sequence and of the full 3D reconstruction of the object and its dimensional evaluation. All algorithms developed within the framework of this dissertation have been validated and integrated into this fully operational system, including a mechanism for dynamic replanning enabling to adapt automatically the system to the actual acquisition conditions
Riff, Jacques. "La planification comme stratégie d'adaptation aux contraintes de la tâche de l'enseignant d'EPS." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON14001.
Full textMabed, Hakim. "Modèles et techniques d'optimisation dynamique pour les réseaux radiomobiles." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0019.
Full textCellular network design is a crucial task during the conception, the deployment and the extension of radio phone network. The dynamic aspect of cellular network environnent makes difficult the establishment of performance criteria related to the robustness and the upgradeability of networks. The contribution of this thesis is two folds. On the modelling level, we propose several models for frequency planning taking into account short, medium and long term traffic evolution. We present also a bi-criteria model for cell capacity planning. On the algorithmic level, we study several dynamic and multi-criteria optimization techniques based on hybridization of tabu search and genetic algorithm heuristics. Tests are carried out on both fictitious and real word problems in order to validate proposed models and techniques
Gerardy, Isabelle Yvonne Joséphine. "Evaluation d'un système de planification pour un traitement de brachythérapie gynécologique en utilisant des techniques Monte Carlo et des mesures expérimentales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/14272.
Full textGerardy, IYJ. (2011). Evaluation d'un système de planification pour un traitement de brachythérapie gynécologique en utilisant des techniques Monte Carlo et des mesures expérimentales [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14272
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Lucas, François. "Des métaheuristiques pour le guidage d’un solveur de contraintes dédié à la planification automatisée de véhicules." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0027/document.
Full textThis thesis, led in collaboration with Sagem Defence & Security, focuses on defining an efficient search strategy to solve vehicle path planning problems. This work addresses more precisely planning problems in which waypoints and "capacity" constraints (energy, radio bandwidth) are applied to vehicles.This document proposes an original approach, mixing an Ant Colony algorithm with an existing Constraint Programming solver. The former is used to fastly solve a relaxed version of the problem. The partial solution returned is then employed to guide the search of the latter, through a Probe Backtrack mechanism, towards the most promising areas of the state space. This approach allows to combine the metaheuristics solving fastness and the Constraint Programming completeness. We experimentally show that this approach meets the requirements for an on-line use of the planner
Debourdeau, Ariane. "Prendre en compte l'environnement dans la sphère du produire : normalisation par les dispositifs socio-techniques en réseau et formes d’engagement environnemental." La Rochelle, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818915.
Full textThis research deals with standardization through different sociotechnical agencements and with the normalization and the regulation of environmental discourses and practices within the sphere of producing (Jonas). It concerns more specifically the firms and their environmental and sustainable development’s politics (management systems, reporting, labelization, a. S. O. ). This dissertation describes finely the concerned networks, and especially mediations provided by a multitude of texts, written and conveyed by heterogeneous actors. This “architexture” is translated into the firm’s environmental practices – a translation corresponding to the new networks’ extensions. Our methodological point of view is ethnographic; accounting for three different kinds of companies environmental politics. We wanted to understand if and how environment can contribute to a politicization of the Sphere of production, to question the instruments serving as a proof of the firm’s commitment to the environment. This research focuses on hybrid forms of environmental public policies, on the development of compromises between rationality economic (economic rationality), scientific and technical innovation and (the) construction of indicator in order to make the environment quantifiable and measurable. This study supposed a large “technical enquiry”, which dealt with statistics on one hand, and technical objects’ way of living on the other hand. The co-production of markets and environment(s) appeared finally as a pragmatic of the “less evil”, which left minimal compromise as for the possibility of an ecological ethics of the Sphere of producing
Semsar, Yazdi Ali Asghar. "Mise au point d'une méthodologie d’évaluation et de comparaison des modèles de simulation hydraulique des réseaux d'assainissement." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0025.
Full textThe software packages of the urban storm water drainage system use different models for representation of the network hydraulic operation. These models are based on either the simple concepts of the flood wave transferring or the relations of the fluid mechanics which solve the Saint Venant equations. Considering advantages and disadvantages of every model, it seems helpful to develop the methodological concepts which permit the model designer as well as the software user to assess every model of the network simulation. The aim of this study is to introduce the general elements of comparison which allow the assessment of the performance level of a model and to define its application field. This research has directed on one band to model results comparison and on the ether band to study of the model capacity in global representation of the networks hydraulically behaviour. The main results of this research are : - Development of one model evaluation and comparison method, and putting it into practice ; - Examination of the behaviours of Saint Venant an Muskingum models of CEDRE software package; - Introduction of necessary elements which will be used in the realisation of an automatic model choosing tool. This tool will be installed in future urban drainage packages. - Supplying of necessary steps for development of the numerical results which, without any difficulty, could be considered as "correct" for set of model designers. ]
Kecir, Abd-El-Karim. "Performance evaluation of urban rail traffic management techniques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S026/document.
Full textUrban rail traffic is subject to numerous disrupting events that drift it from its nominal behavior. In order to minimize the impact of these disturbances, rail operators rely on a set of techniques. Despite their efficiency, performances of theses techniques are rarely well studied, nor are they of proven optimality; a direct consequence of them being empirically built. It is in this particular context that comes our work to provide solutions that allow for the evaluation of such techniques and for the comparison of their relative performances in various scenarios. The proposed approach is based on variants of Petri nets as models, and on the Monte-Carlo method for the simulation of their execution. This combination has led to the development of SIMSTORS, a tool for the simulation of urban rail systems, and more generally, stochastic systems under dynamic rescheduling. Additionally, this thesis addresses the question of timetable realizability; that is whether or not a given timetable is indeed realizable by a system for which it was built. Indeed, a timetable is meant to drive the behavior of a system but there is no guarantee as to its realizability. We therefore propose a method for the verification of the realizability of timetables with a strictly positive probability
Alexandre, Marie. "La description du savoir didactique d'enseignantes expérimentées en Techniques d'éducation à l'enfance en situation de planification, d'intervention et de réflexion : trois études de cas." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6378.
Full textGutierrez, Bernard. "AIDE À LA CONDUITE DES PROCESSUS SOCIO-TECHNIQUES DANS LES ACTIVITÉS DE SERVICE À LA DEMANDE : LE CAS DE LA MAINTENANCE APRÈS-VENTE AUTOMOBILE." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131185.
Full textNous présentons une approche à deux niveaux pour la planification des demandes. Le premier niveau permet de vérifier de manière agrégée et en coopération avec le client la faisabilité des prestations ; une fois la demande acceptée, le deuxième niveau aide à affecter les acteurs en recherchant la meilleure adéquation entre les activités à planifier et les qualifications requises, chaque acteur pouvant présenter un profil multi-compétences dans le cadre de sa spécialité.
Notre objectif est de fournir aux responsables un outil d'aide à la décision pour mieux utiliser les compétences des techniciens en fonction des interventions et de mieux planifier ces interventions vis à vis de la demande du client en termes de délai et qualité. Pour cela nous caractérisons l'adéquation activités/acteurs par profils modélisés par un ensemble de compétences disjonctives. Nous validons, pour la détermination des rendez-vous de façon coopérative et en temps réel avec le client, une fenêtre d'intervention qui soit fiable et cohérente compte tenu de la capacité de l'atelier et du planning existant. Nous abordons ce problème comme celui de l'insertion d'un ensemble de tâches non préemptives dans un ordonnancement flexible (modèle en temps continu avec dates limites et contraintes énergétiques), la polyvalence des opérateurs étant modélisée sous la forme de pôles de ressources cumulatives non disjoints.
Hannachi, Ammar. "Imagerie multimodale et planification interactive pour la reconstruction 3D et la métrologie dimensionnelle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD024/document.
Full textProducing industrially manufactured parts generates a very large number of data of various types defining the manufacturing geometries as well as the quality of production. This PhD work has been carried out within the framework of the realization of a cognitive vision system dedicated to the 3D evaluation of manufactured objects including possibly free form surfaces, taking into account the geometric tolerances and uncertainties. This system allows the comprehensive control of manufactured parts, and provides the means for their automated 3D dimensional inspection. The implementation of a multi-sensor (passive and active) measuring system enabled to improve significantly the assessment quality through an enriched three-dimensional reconstruction of the object to be evaluated. Specifically, we made use simultaneously of a stereoscopic vision system and of a structured light based system in order to reconstruct the edges and surfaces of various 3D objects
Busch, Baptiste. "Optimization techniques for an ergonomic human-robot interaction." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0027/document.
Full textHuman-Robot Interaction (HRI) is a growing field in the robotic community. By its very nature it brings together researchers from various domains including psychology, sociology and obviously robotics who are shaping and designing the robots people will interact with ona daily basis. As human and robots starts working in a shared environment, the diversity of tasks theycan accomplish together is rapidly increasing. This creates challenges and raises concerns tobe addressed in terms of safety and acceptance of the robotic systems. Human beings havespecific needs and expectations that have to be taken into account when designing robotic interactions. In a sense, there is a strong need for a truly ergonomic human-robot interaction.In this thesis, we propose methods to include ergonomics and human factors in the motions and decisions planning algorithms, to automatize this process of generating an ergonomicinteraction. The solutions we propose make use of cost functions that encapsulate the humanneeds and enable the optimization of the robot’s motions and choices of actions. We haveapplied our method to two common problems of human-robot interaction.First, we propose a method to increase the legibility of the robot motions to achieve abetter understanding of its intentions. Our approach does not require modeling the conceptof legible motions but penalizes the trajectories that leads to late or mispredictions of therobot’s intentions during a live execution of a shared task. In several user studies we achievesubstantial gains in terms of prediction time and reduced interpretation errors.Second, we tackle the problem of choosing actions and planning motions that maximize thephysical ergonomics on the human side. Using a well-accepted ergonomic evaluation functionof human postures, we simulate the actions and motions of both the human and the robot,to accomplish a specific task, while avoiding situations where the human could be at risk interms of working posture. The conducted user studies show that our method leads to saferworking postures and a better perceived interaction
Naudin, Edith. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec contraintes de ressources : modélisations par arcs-états et techniques de résolution adaptées." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0038.
Full textZhu, Wenwu. "Segmentation et recalage d'images TDM multi-phases de l'abdomen pour la planification chirurgicale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD011/document.
Full textThe fusion of arterial and venous phase CT images of the entire abdominal viscera is critical for a better diagnosis, surgi-cal planning and treatment, since these two phase images contain complementary information. However, non-rigid regis-tration of abdominal images is still a big challenge due to the breathing motion, which causes sliding motion between the abdominal viscera and the abdo-thoracic wall. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an accurate registration method for abdominal viscera between venous and arterial phase CT images.In order to remove the sliding motion effect, we decide to separate the image into big motion and less motion regions, and perform the registration on new images where abdo-thoracic wall and thoracic viscera are removed. The segmentation of these sliding interfaces is completed with our fast interactive tools within 10 minitues. Two state-of-the-art non-rigid registration algorithms are then applied on these new images and compared to registration obtained with original images. The evaluation using four abdominal organs (liver, kidney, spleen) and several vessel bifurcations shows that our approach provides a much higher accuracy within 1 mm
VELASQUEZ, MONSALVE ELKIN. "Contribution méthodologique à la prise en compte du milieu physique dans la planification environnementale du territoire en zone montagneuse de Colombie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10077.
Full textMakni, Nasr. "Méthodes d’identification, d’aide au diagnostic et de planification utilisant de l’imagerie multi-modalité pour les thérapies focales du cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10117/document.
Full textIn the last decade, new diagnosis procedures and treatment options have been developed and made possible thanks to the recent progress in prostate imaging modalities. The newest challenges in this field are to detect the smallest tumours and to treat locally to minimise the treatment morbidity. In this thesis, we introduce image processing methods for the guidance and assistance of diagnosis and treatment, in laser-based prostate cancer focal therapies. First, we propose novel approaches for extracting three dimensional outlines of the gland, and segmenting its zones (peripheral and central) from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. Computer-aided detection of prostate’s peripheral zone tumours is then investigated by experimenting novel texture features based on fractal geometry, using both supervised and unsupervised classification methods. The results of these different approaches were studied and compared.The second part of this work addresses the guidance of laser-based focal ablation of prostate tumours. A novel non rigid registration method is introduced for fusion of pre-operative MRI and planning data, and per-operative ultrasound imaging. We evaluate our algorithms using simulated data and physical phantoms, which enable comparison to ground truth. Patients’ data, combined to expert interpretation, are also used while taking into account the inter-observer variability.The results we obtained show that the methods we developed are satisfyingly accurate, fast and robust. Multi-centric validation and transfer to the industrial world would bring the contributions of this work to clinical routine, and help improving diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer
Garcia, Marie-Paule. "Caractérisation du réseau veineux en imagerie scanner 4D : contribution à la planification de thérapie par resynchronisation cardiaque." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590975.
Full textFar, Aïcha Beya. "Analyse multi-images : Application à l'extraction contrôlés d'indices images et à la détermination de descriptions scéniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/FAR_Aicha_Beya_2005.pdf.
Full textComputer vision based applications requesting a quantitative evaluation of machined parts, require efficient tools for the computation of 3D descriptions. Stereovision is a powerful technique for building 3D information out of two images. Accordingly, we have contributed to the development of an automated strereoscopic approach in order to determine these descriptions, by studying more specifically the following points :- Matching method adapted to the nature of the images to process. The approach suggested is tailored for matching contours and relies on the bidirectional estimation of the epipolar geometry in the stereoscopic image pair, as well as on the comparison of real and synthetic data in order to select the set of contours to be matched. This comparison exploits a priori knowledge (CAD models) as a constraint for further processing in order to keep only the contours of the object seen in the two images. - Illumination parameter control through adequate modeling of the illumination artefacts. This allows to adjust image processing to the illumination conditions observed locally in the image and to anticipate the relevance of information contained in the real images. - Dynamic planning using a control system relying on situation graph trees. The interest lies in the adaptation capacity of the system as a function of results obtained while processing the data. Thus, decision rules allowing the control system to adapt the processing on line have been devised. These rules rely on the adjustment of the scene illumination and, secondly, on the displacement of the stereoscopic sensor. Integrated into a processing chain, the developed modules provide a partial reconstruction of the objects to evaluate. This reconstruction can then be compared to the corresponding CAD model in order to evaluate the object
Heus, Kamel. "Gestion des plannings infirmiers : application des techniques de programmation par contraintes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10071.
Full textLa diversité des contraintes à satisfaire fait de la génération des plannings une tâche complexe qui inclut une phase importante de négociation et de calcul combinatoire. Décrits et explores par des techniques de recherche opérationnelle et d'intelligence artificielles, ces problèmes suscitent un intérêt nouveau en raison de l'émergence de nouvelles techniques de programmation et du développement du nouveaux modèles d'organisation de travail
Nous présentons dans le cadre de ce travail une nouvelle approche de résolution du problème de plannings infirmiers basée sur les techniques de programmation par contraintes (PPC). La formulation du problème comme un CSP permet une gestion transparente des contraintes et des affectations journalières des infirmiers, facilitant ainsi l'interactivité avec l'utilisateur et la prise en compte des vœux individuels, permettant par conséquent un management plus participatif des plannings
L'association de la programmation orientée objet avec la ppc facilite la maintenance du programme chaque fois qu'il est nécessaire d'ajouter, modifier ou supprimer des objets, règles ou contraintes
Afin de limiter la recherche de solutions dans un espace plus restreint, nous proposons deux méthodes de réduction de la complexité du problème, l'une basée sur l'élimination des valeurs permutables et l'autre sur la décomposition du problème en deux sous-problèmes
Moussallem, Mazen. "Optimisation de la délimitation automatique des tumeurs pulmonaires à partir de l'imagerie TEP/TDM pour les planifications dosimétriques des traitements par radiothérapie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864905.
Full textGrangeat, Amélie. "Vulnérabilité, résilience et effets cascade entre réseaux techniques : apports de la modélisation systémique et spatiale pour la planification et la gestion de crise au profit des opérateurs de réseau et de la sécurité civile." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM029/document.
Full textCrisis spread spatially and temporally inside the society through dependency links between physical critical networks: these phenomena are called cascading effects. After exploring cascading effects linked to the intervention of the fire brigade, this PhD thesis compares two modelling techniques: graph oriented database incorporating static impacts zones, and coupling of simulators in order to define evolutionary impacts zones – a method for applying this latest approach is proposed. It suggests also improving the automatic assessment of consequences per crisis scenario, in modelling the variation of population density on a territory. The vulnerability of each infrastructure contributes to cascading effects but the system resilience helps to stop them. This work proposes a global method for assessing vulnerability and resilience of physical critical networks (PCN). It has been applied first on detailed scenarios proposed by three different water utility companies. This work discusses then the extension of this approach to others PCNs. These results aim at helping the civil safety institutions to have a global view of PCNs vulnerability and resilience strategies proposed by utility companies. They aim also to help utility companies to have indicators for assessing and following their weak and strength facing threats, and to better identify axes of improvement
SALE, HAGAM. "Pour une planification technique de l'education (les aspects administratifs et participation a la planification)." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN1012.
Full textDejean-Viellard, Catherine. "Etude des techniques de régularisation en radiothérapie conformationnelle avec modulation d'intensité et évaluation quantitative des distributions de dose optimales." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30195.
Full textDione, Marème. "Les enjeux des politiques et les techniques des travaux publics en Afrique du nord (1939 - 1962) - la politique des plans d’équipement et de modernisation - contribution a l'histoire de la colonisation française en Afrique du nord." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081187.
Full textThe first part of this thesis analyses the equipment and mornizing plans' politics undertaken in french colonies after world war ii, and particularly in north africa. It shows how relationship between the west and north africa has been directed during that time by access to raw materials, including petroleum, and led to take possession of sahara. Second and third parts both investigate politics carried out in these three countries in transport-field and water-field and deal with technical aspects of projects worked out and their involvements. After having drawn up an inventory of technical progress in these chosen areas, we have proved that colony has played a testing stand to acquire technical skill before spreading. We also showed off the burden and influence of american management, country-planning and development models during that period in north africa and in france, that of technics properly so called. Finally, we have thrown into relief the leading part of army in genesis and keeping of colonial space and order
Thiel, Daniel. "Vers une meilleure connaissance du comportement dynamique des systèmes de production : conception de modèles génériques et simulation continue." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30098.
Full textNait-Abdallah, Mohamed Rabie. "Modèles de dimensionnement et de planification dans un centre d'appels." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1062.
Full textWe address in this thesis dimensioning and planning issues in a call center. The purpose is to guarantee a high quality of service at a minimum cost for the company. In the literature, theses issues are generally modeled using the shift-scheduling problem. In this thesis we introduce what we call the activity series paradigm. This paradigm allows dealing with the great diversity of call center constraints and environments. It was used to model and solve the planning and dimensioning problems with an integer linear program. We also, develop a method to optimize a non-linear quality of service in the shift-scheduling problem
Courtial, Nicolas. "Fusion d’images multimodales pour l’assistance de procédures d’électrophysiologie cardiaque." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S015.
Full textCardiac electrophysiology procedures have been proved to be efficient to suppress arrythmia and heart failure symptoms. Their success rate depends on patient’s heart condition’s knowledge, including electrical and mechanical functions and tissular quality. It is a major clinical concern for these therapies. This work focuses on the development of specific patient multimodal model to plan and assist radio-frequency ablation (RFA) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). First, segmentation, registration and fusion methods have been developped to create these models, allowing to plan these interventional procedures. For each therapy, specific means of integration within surgical room have been established, for assistance purposes. Finally, a new multimodal descriptor has been synthesized during a post-procedure analysis, aiming to predict the CRT’s response depending on the left ventricular stimulation site. These studies have been applied and validated on patients candidate to CRT and ARF. They showed the feasibility and interest of integrating such multimodal models in the clinical workflow to assist these procedures
Rondé, Patrick. "Progrès technique et stratégie de firmes : une tentative d'explication avec application au secteur des phytosanitaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1EC06.
Full textPlazas, Maria Cristina. "Exploitation qualitative et quantitative de la dosimétrie 3-D pour la planification conformationnelle des irradiations intracrâniennes en radiochirurgie." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30222.
Full textAidi, Maher. "Vers la planification des buts de simulation en conception dans une démarche d'ingénierie système." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0025.
Full textThis research task answers an industrial stake which consists in improving actors productivity implied in numerical simulation activity by the provision of knowledge that they need to carry out their tasks. The scientific works concerning the bond between design and numerical simulation are based on a calculation activity modelling in the design without taking account the simulation goals and the evolution of design methods. This research task aims at promoting the numerical simulation integration in the design process in an engineering system approach and presents a simulations management contribution to validate or verify a customer needs. For that it sets up a needs expression structuring by design methods (QFD/ AMDEC AF. . . ), ensuring a continuum until the simulation goals drafting. This structuring at the same time makes it possible to organize the simulation activity, to control the design process with respect to simulations and to ensure the steps re-use throughout the product life cycle. A methodology which allows a progressive lifting of the projects risks by the simulations use and underlines a scientific interest which is directed towards works which will share the functional models, the requirements management tools and both CAD and simulation tools
Vacher, Blandine. "Techniques d'optimisation appliquées au pilotage de la solution GTP X-PTS pour la préparation de commandes intégrant un ASRS." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2566.
Full textThe work presented in this PhD thesis deals with optimization problems in the context of internal warehouse logistics. The field is subject to strong competition and extensive growth, driven by the growing needs of the market and favored by automation. SAVOYE builds warehouse storage handling equipment and offers its own GTP (Goods-To-Person) solution for order picking. The solution uses an Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) called X-Picking Tray System (X-PTS) and automatically routes loads to workstations via carousels to perform sequenced operations. It is a highly complex system of systems with many applications for operational research techniques. All this defines the applicative and theoretical scope of the work carried out in this thesis. In this thesis, we have first dealt with a specific scheduling Job Shop problem with precedence constraints. The particular context of this problem allowed us to solve it in polynomial time with exact algorithms. These algorithms made it possible to calculate the injection schedule of the loads coming from the different storage output streams to aggregate on a carousel in a given order. Thus, the inter-aisle management of the X-PTS storage was improved and the throughput of the load flow was maximized, from the storage to a station. In the sequel of this work, the radix sort LSD (Least Significant Digit) algorithm was studied and a dedicated online sorting algorithm was developed. The second one is used to drive autonomous sorting systems called Buffers Sequencers (BS), which are placed upstream of each workstation in the GTP solution. Finally, a sequencing problem was considered, consisting of finding a linear extension of a partial order minimizing a distance with a given order. An integer linear programming approach, different variants of dynamic programming and greedy algorithms were proposed to solve it. An efficient heuristic was developed based on iterative calls of dynamic programming routines, allowing to reach a solution close or equal to the optimum in a very short time. The application of this problem to the unordered output streams of X-PTS storage allows pre-sorting at the carousel level. The various solutions developed have been validated by simulation and some have been patented and/or already implemented in warehouses
Bouchard, Julie. "Comment le retard vient aux Français : analyse d'une rhétorique de la planification de la recherche 1940-1970." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0447.
Full textHow can social sciences study the idea of « French backwardness»? This thesis proposes an analysis of 'the discourse on backwardness used in the context of research planning during 1950- 1960. After having shown that most of the studies on the subject vary between « backwardnomania » and « backwardnophobia », the historicity of the discourse on backwardness is revealed. Thus, the backwardness treated as a fact; is leaved for a new object, the discourse on backwardness. As it appears in research planning, the discourse on backwardness is a discourse on inadequacy among others which articulates both enunciation and denunciation. The discourse on backwardness takes different forms according to themes and paradigms. Four paradigms are proposed here : technocratist, scientist, interdependantist, geocomparatist. From 1950 to 1960, the discourse also evolves : linked to modernization in Fifties, It becomes in the Sixties associated to international competition and to the reference to the United States, lived as both a model and a threat. It is in the Sixties also that the discourse on backwardness in the field of science and technology enters into a triptych : backwardness, geocomparatism and statistics
Blin, Nassime. "Planification interactive de mouvement avec contact." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19695/1/Blin.pdf.
Full textCollin, Paul Marc. "Le déploiement international de services à forte infrastructure technique : construction d'un cadre heuristique, à partir de l'interpréation de la monnaie électronique par la "traduction"." Lyon 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO33023.
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