Dissertations / Theses: 'Techno-economic modeling'

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Methuku, Shireesha. "MODELING OF THE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION AND TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11052009-093723/.

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Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources being used widely for power generation. This research work includes developing a comprehensive model for a biomass based power generation system as well as analyzing the technical, economical, and environmental impacts. The research objectives include modeling of the system, stability studies, and sensitivity analysis using MATLAB/Simulink. A mathematical model for the gas turbine has been developed and successfully interconnected with the distribution network. Transient stability of the power system has been carried out for four bus and six bus test case systems. Maximum rotor speed deviation, oscillation duration, rotor angle, and mechanical power have been taken as the stability indicators to analyze the system characteristics. Additionally, the sensitivity of the system to the changes of gas turbine parameters has been investigated under balanced and unbalanced fault scenarios. The economical and environmental impacts of the biomass have been analyzed using HOMER software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The net present cost of the four biomass resources namely agricultural resources, forest residues, animal waste, and energy crops were obtained and the comparison of the costs of the biomass fuels as well as the diesel have been carried out. To investigate the environmental impact, carbon emissions of the different biomass fuels have been explored using HOMER.

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Gårdbro, Gustav. "Techno-economic modeling of the supply chain for torrefied biomass." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-89698.

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Torrefaction and densification of biomass can provide an important piece in the puzzle of phasing out fossil fuels in favor of renewable alternatives. This new energy carrier shares many of the advantages with fossil coal in terms of energy density, hydrophobicity and burner feeding but is carbon neutral and renewable. It also lacks the challenges of many other renewable alternatives, especially irregular availability. A model was developed in Excel as sales support for BioEndev, one of the leading actors in the process of taking torrefaction to a commercial market, assessing the black pellet supply chain from feedstock to end user and comparing it to white pellets. Data was obtained from literature, industry and BioEndev. The model can be used for different parameters for price of feedstock, capital and operating expenditures, transport and handling costs and analyze 28 different cases. It also includes simplified calculations for energy input and greenhouse gas emissions. A case study for two different supply chains was performed with the model. One assessed a production facility in northern Sweden with distribution to a consumer in Denmark. The other a torrefaction plant in southeastern USA with distribution to a consumer in the Netherlands. The cost for delivering black and white pellets from Sweden to Denmark was found to be 33.0 €/MWh and 35.3 €/MWh respectively. For the case of delivering from USA to the Netherlands, the total supply chain cost was 27.6 €/MWh for white pellets and 24.7 €/MWh for black pellets. Suggestions for further work are to 1) develop the model outside this study’s limitations, for example by adding integration options for the torrefaction facility or by different end user configurations, and 2) expand the scope to also comparing black pellets to coal to see how big the gap is and which political incentives that could shrink this gap.

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Shivani. "Techno-Economic Potential of Enhanced Coal Recovery through Middlings Liberation and Re-Processing." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/29.

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The typical preparation plant producing coal for the utility market targets a relative separation density in the plant of around 1.60 whereas plants generating metallurgical coal use relative cut point density values approaching 1.50. In some cases, achieving the specified coal quality requires operating at lower cut point values, which results in a significant loss of valuable coal. In these situations, a middlings stream can be produced using a secondary separator or a three-product unit, which would allow crushing of the middlings for liberation purposes and re-introduction into the plant feed. In this manner, higher quality coal can be produced while maximizing plant yield. A detailed laboratory analysis was conducted to study the liberation characteristics resulting from the crushing of middlings at different top sizes. The experimental data were later used as input for modeling and simulation of plant flowsheet in LIMN. Simulations were run for several regrinding cases. The results of the current study investigating the economic benefits of middlings liberation and re-treatment are presented and discussed in this thesis. Improvement up to 6% in plant yield with 16-21% reduction in ash and 14-18% sulfur reductions can be achieved by crushing the +1/2 inch middlings to a ½-inch top size.

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Williams, Nathaniel J. "Microgrid Utilities for Rural Electrification in East Africa: Challenges and Opportunities." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/873.

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Expanding access to electricity is central to development in East Africa but massive increases in investment are required to achieve universal access. Private sector participation in electrification is essential to meeting electricity access targets. Policy makers have acknowledged that grid extension in many remote rural areas is not as cost effective as decentralized alternatives such as microgrids. Microgrid companies have been unable to scale beyond pilot projects due in part to challenges in raising capital for a business model that is perceived to be risky. This thesis aims to identify and quantify the primary sources of investment risk in microgrid utilities and study ways to mitigate these risks to make these businesses more viable. Two modeling tools have been developed to this end. The Stochastic Techno-Economic Microgrid Model (STEMM) models the technical and financial performance of microgrid utilities using uncertain and dynamic inputs to permit explicit modeling of financial risk. This model is applied in an investment risk assessment and case study in Rwanda. Key findings suggest that the most important drivers of risk are fuel prices, foreign exchange rates, demand for electricity, and price elasticity of demand for electricity. The relative importance of these factors is technology dependent with demand uncertainty figuring stronger for solar and high solar penetration hybrid systems and fuel prices driving risk in diesel power and low solar penetration hybrid systems. Considering uncertainty in system sizing presents a tradeoff whereby a decrease in expected equity return decreases downside risk. High solar penetration systems are also found to be more attractive to lenders. The second modeling tool leverages electricity consumption and demographic data from four microgrids in Tanzania to forecast demand for electricity in newly electrified communities. Using statistical learning techniques, improvements in prediction performance was achieved over the historical mean baseline. I have also identified important predictors in estimating electricity consumption of newly connected customers. These include tariff structures and prices, preconnection sources of electricity and lighting, levels of spending on electricity services and airtime, and pre-connection appliance ownership. Prior exposure to electricity, disposable income, and price are dominant factors in estimating demand.

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Mohammadi, Saeed. "Techno-economic analysis of the integration of oxygen membranes for oxygen production in biomass gasification plants." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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This thesis is relying on modeling of MIEC membranes inside a gasifier and it seeks to find an appropriate configuration to use in gasification setup for pure oxygen production and use it inside the gasifier in a gasification process. Application of pure oxygen instead of air can play a key role in gasification processes. Since conventional methods for separation of oxygen such as cryogenic distillation are energy intensive and some of them cannot provide full purity for oxygen, an alternative method can be a good option. This substitute method which is the focus of this study, can be achieved by using specific ceramic membranes directly inside the gasifier. Although some effort have been spent on these membranes, there is still a lack of study on direct integration inside gasifier using this technology. In the present work, a modeling study of these membranes has been carried out using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). EES is a commercial software package used for solution of systems of simultaneous non-linear equations. The gasifier model was previously prepared and was studied to simulate the behavior of a downdraft gasifier. During the simulation some hypothesizes are assumed to make the available flux, model for the chosen membrane, keep working. Besides, an alternative membrane is assumed to have more precise results. Then all the suggested configurations were studied based on energy consumption and economic aspects. The economic studies was focused on the alternative which had lower flux. So, the area of the membrane required is more. Finally, the results where compared with a similar cryogenic distillation plant used to produce pure oxygen.

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Gunawan, Gan Philipe. "Concentrated Solar Thermal Plant for Future Fuels Production : Process Modeling and Techno-economic Analysis of Syngasoline, Syndiesel, Ethanol and Methanol Production Using Thermochemical Cycle based on Metal Oxide." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235512.

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Concentrated Solar Thermal technology (CST) is a very promising renewable energy technology and has a broad range of use. Conventionally, CST systems are mostly used for power generation according to the Rankine cycle and thus often referred to as Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). In this present study, the solar heat is utilized to drive a thermochemical redox cycle of a metal-oxide in order to produce synthetic gas, a combination of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Later, the synthetic gas is converted into usable liquid fuel whereas the production pathway is CO2 free. This thesis focuses on the process modeling and economic evaluation of solar-driven future fuels production plants. Four future fuels have been selected and modeled using commercial simulation software Aspen Plus®. These 4 future fuels are syngasoline, syndiesel, ethanol and methanol where they can be seen as a very good substitute for current transportation fuels. The heat required at high temperature is delivered using concentrated solar thermal technology with tower configuration for which the heliostat field is designed using in-house software HFLCAL developed by DLR. Syngas is converted into aforementioned fuels using either Fischer-Tropsch or plug-flow reactor. The reactor is modeled taking into account the kinetic of reaction for each fuel, while in case of the absence of kinetic, a stoichiometric approach is implemented. To analyze the hourly plant’s performance, a quasi-steady state analysis is done within MATLAB® environment. The metric used to evaluate the plants are production cost in €/L and overall thermal efficiency. The results show that aforementioned conversion pathway yields higher production costs compared to current market while the lowest production cost is obtained for Methanol at 1.42 €/L. It is shown that solid to solid heat exchanger (STS) efficiency plays a major role in order to make the plant more economically viable. Combining electricity supply of Photovoltaic (PV) and CSP is also shown to be one way to reduce the production cost. If the plant combines PV-CSP is used as the electricity source, syngasoline emerges to be the closest proposed plant to current market fuel production cost with a production cost of 5.99 €/L at the base case scenario which corresponds to 622% relative difference with current market’s production cost and 2.87 €/L at the best case scenario which corresponds to 245% relative difference with current market’s production cost. At the base case scenario, the highest overall thermal efficiency is obtained for the syngasoline plant (4.05%) and at the best case scenario for the ethanol plant (9.2%).

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Lin, Long. "Technical, Microbial, and Economic Study on Thermophilic Solid-state Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500505570855855.

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Leuthold, Florian U. "Economic Engineering Modeling of Liberalized Electricity Markets: Approaches, Algorithms, and Applications in a European Context." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26135.

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This dissertation focuses on selected issues in regard to the mathematical modeling of electricity markets. In a first step the interrelations of electric power market modeling are highlighted a crossroad between operations research, applied economics, and engineering. In a second step the development of a large-scale continental European economic engineering model named ELMOD is described and the model is applied to the issue of wind integration. It is concluded that enabling the integration of low-carbon technologies appears feasible for wind energy. In a third step algorithmic work is carried out regarding a game theoretic model. Two approaches in order to solve a discretely-constrained mathematical program with equilibrium constraints using disjunctive constraints are presented. The first one reformulates the problem as a mixed-integer linear program and the second one applies the Benders decomposition technique. Selected numerical results are reported.

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Abdin, Adam. "Techno-economic modeling and robust optimization of power systems planning under a high share of renewable energy sources and extreme weather events An integrated framework for operational flexibility assessment in multi-period power system planning with renewable energy production." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC046.

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Les objectifs récents en ce qui concerne la durabilité des systèmes électriques et l'atténuation des menaces liées au changement climatique modifient la portée des exigences de planification de ces systèmes. D'une part, les systèmes durables d'énergie à faible émission de carbone qui comportent une part élevée de sources d'énergie renouvelables intermittentes(IRES) se caractérisent par une forte augmentation de la variabilité intertemporelle et nécessitent des systèmes flexibles capables d'assurer la sécurité de l'approvisionnement électrique. D'autre part, la fréquence et la gravité accrues des phénomènes climatiques extrêmes menacent la fiabilité du fonctionnement des réseaux électriques et exigent des systèmes résilients capables de résister à ces impacts potentiels. Tout en s'assurant que les incertitudes inhérentes au système sont bien prises en compte directement au moment de la prise des décisions de planification à long terme. Dans ce contexte, la présente thèse vise à développer une modélisation technicoéconomique et un cadre d'optimisation robuste pour la planification des systèmes électriques multi-périodes en considérant une part élevée d'IRES et la résilience aux phénomènes climatiques extrêmes. Le problème spécifique de planification considéré est celui du choix de la technologie, de la taille et du programme de mise en service des unités de production conventionnelles et renouvelables sous des contraintes techniques, économiques,environnementales et opérationnelles. Dans le cadre de ce problème, les principales questions de recherche à aborder sont : (i) l'intégration et l'évaluation appropriées des besoins de flexibilité opérationnelle en raison de la variabilité accrue des parts élevées de la production d'IRES, (ii) la modélisation et l'intégration appropriées des exigences de résilience contre les phénomènes climatiques extrêmes dans la planification du système électrique et (iii) le traitement des incertitudes inhérentes de l'offre et la demande dans ce cadre de planification. En résumé, les contributions originales de cette thèse sont :- Proposer un modèle de planification du système électrique intégré multi période avec des contraintes dynamiques et en considérant un pourcentage élevé de pénétration des énergies renouvelables.- Introduire la mesure du déficit de flexibilité prévu pour l'évaluation de la flexibilité opérationnelle.- Proposer un ensemble de modèles linéaires pour quantifier l'impact des vagues de chaleur extrêmes et de la disponibilité de l'eau sur le déclassement des unités de production d'énergie thermique et nucléaire, la production d'énergie renouvelable et la consommation électrique du système.- Présenter une méthode permettant d'intégrer explicitement l'impact des phénomènes climatiques extrêmes dans le modèle de planification du système électrique.- Traiter les incertitudes inhérentes aux paramètres de planification du système électrique par la mise en oeuvre d'un nouveau modèle d'optimisation adaptatif robuste à plusieurs phases.- Proposer une nouvelle méthode de solution basée sur l'approximation des règles de décision linéaires du modèle de planification robuste.- Appliquer le cadre proposé à des études de cas de taille pratique basées sur des projections climatiques réalistes et selon plusieurs scénarios de niveaux de pénétration des énergies renouvelables et de limites de carbone pour valider la pertinence de la modélisation globale pour des applications réelles
Recent objectives for power systems sustainability and mitigation of climate change threats are modifying the breadth of power systems planning requirements. On one hand, sustainable low carbon power systems which have a high share of intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are characterized by a sharp increase in inter-temporal variability and require flexible systems able to cope and ensure the security of electricity supply. On the other hand, the increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events threatens the reliability of power systems operation and require resilient systems able to withstand those potential impacts. All of which while ensuring that the inherent system uncertainties are adequately accounted for directly at the issuance of the long-term planning decisions. In this context, the present thesis aims at developing a techno-economic modeling and robust optimization framework for multi-period power systems planning considering a high share of IRES and resilience against extreme weather events. The specific planning problem considered is that of selecting the technology choice, size and commissioning schedule of conventional and renewable generation units under technical, economic, environmental and operational constraints. Within this problem, key research questions to be addressed are: (i) the proper integration and assessment of the operational flexibility needs due to the increased variability of the high shares of IRES production, (ii) the appropriate modeling and incorporation of the resilience requirements against extreme weather events within the power system planning problem and (iii) the representation and treatment of the inherent uncertainties in the system supply and demand within this planning context. In summary, the original contributions of this thesis are: - Proposing a computationally efficient multiperiod integrated generation expansion planning and unit commitment model that accounts for key short-term constraints and chronological system representation to derive the planning decisions under a high share of renewable energy penetration. - Introducing the expected flexibility shortfall metric for operational flexibility assessment. - Proposing a set of piece-wise linear models to quantify the impact of extreme heat waves and water availability on the derating of thermal and nuclear power generation units, renewable generation production and system load. - Presenting a method for explicitly incorporating the impact of the extreme weather events in a modified power system planning model. - Treating the inherent uncertainties in the electric power system planning parameters via a novel implementation of a multi-stage adaptive robust optimization model. - Proposing a novel solution method based on ``information basis'' approximation for the linear decision rules of the affinely adjustable robust planning model. - Applying the framework proposed to a practical size case studies based on realistic climate projections and under several scenarios of renewable penetration levels and carbon limits to validate the relevance of the overall modeling for real applications

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Sheets, Johnathon P. "Development of a Biomass-to-Methanol Process Integrating Solid State Anaerobic Digestion and Biological Conversion of Biogas to Methanol." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1493807817862038.

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Li, F. G. N. "Spatially explicit techno-economic optimisation modelling of UK heating futures." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1400217/.

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This thesis describes the use of a spatially explicit model to investigate the economies of scale associated with district heating technologies and consequently, their future technical potential when compared against individual building heating. Existing energy system models used for informing UK technology policy do not employ high enough spatial resolutions to map district heating potential at the individual settlement level. At the same time, the major precedent studies on UK district heating potential have not explored future scenarios out to 2050 and have a number of relevant low-carbon heat supply technologies absent from their analyses. This has resulted in cognitive dissonance in UK energy policy whereby district heating is often simultaneously acknowledged as both highly desirable in the near term but ultimately lacking any long term future. The Settlement Energy Demand System Optimiser (SEDSO) builds on key techno-economic studies from the last decade to further investigate this policy challenge. SEDSO can be distinguished from other models used for investigating UK heat decarbonisation by employing a unique combination of extensive spatial detail, technical modelling which captures key cost-related nonlinearities, and a least-cost constrained optimisation approach to technology selection. The study yields a number of original contributions to knowledge that are relevant for policymakers. Results described in the thesis suggest that the marginal economics of UK district heating schemes are significantly improved when compared against individual heat pumps rather than gas boilers. This is relevant because under current policy direction individual heat pumps are likely to be the major counterfactual option to district heating post-2030. Results also illustrate how assumptions about technology availability can drive large shifts in optima, and that utility-scale electric heat pumps could be a key enabling technology for district heating to supply a large fraction of UK heat demand in a post-gas heating future.

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Hedbrant, Per. "Techno-Economic Modelling of Tight Oil ProductionA Bottom-up Approach." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320786.

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There has been a revolution in US oil production the last decade,mainly because of production of the unconventional tight oil, and itis therefore of great interest to be able to produce reliableforecasts on future supply.The aim of this study is to develop and explore a bottom-up well-bywellmodel for tight oil production. The model is based on theinherent physics and geology of the well, together with simplemicro-economic principles. The model is made to be modular, flexibleand well grounded in practicalities. It successfully manages toreplicate historical production profile of Eagle Ford Play both withand without economic parameters. This implies the suitability of abottom-up approach for this kind of task.The model also tries to look into the future. An exploratorysimulation result suggests that a large decrease and stagnation indrilling capacity gives a convergence in oil production to aconstant level. But, the decrease in drilling capacity does notcorrespond with the decrease in oil production. Also, a low level offuture oil price could give a hyperbolic decline in production ratewhich does not seem to level off within years.

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Ho, Minh Trang Thi Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Techno-economic modelling of CO2 capture systems for Australian industrial sources." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30566.

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Australia is recognising that carbon capture and storage (CCS) may be a feasible pathway for addressing increasing levels of CO2 emissions. This thesis presents a preliminary economic assessment and comparison of the capture costs for different Australian CO2 emission sources. The capture technologies evaluated include solvent absorption, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), gas separation membranes and low temperature separation. The capture cost estimated for hydrogen production, IGCC power plants and natural gas processing is less than A$30/tonne CO2 avoided. CO2 capture cost for iron production ranges from A$30 to A$40 per tonne CO2 avoided. Higher costs of A$40 to over A$80 per tonne CO2 avoided were estimated for flue gas streams from pulverised coal and NGCC power plants, oil refineries and cement facilities, and IDGCC synthesis gas. Based on 2004 and 2005 EU ETS carbon prices (A$30 to A$45 per tonne CO2 avoided), the cost of capture using current commercially available absorption technology may deter wide-scale implementation of CCS, in particular for combustion processes. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to explore the opportunities for reducing costs. The high cost for capture using solvent absorption is dependent on the energy needed for solvent regeneration and the high capital costs. Cost reductions can be achieved by using new low regeneration energy solvents coupled with recycling the waste heat from the absorption process back to the steam cycle, and using low cost ???fit-for-purpose??? equipment. For membrane and PSA technologies, the capture costs are dominated by the flue gas and post-capture compressors. Operating the permeate or desorption stream under vacuum conditions provides significant cost reductions. Improvements in membrane and adsorbent characteristics such as the adsorbent loading or membrane permeability, CO2 selectivity, and lower prices for the membrane or adsorbent material provide further cost benefits. For low partial pressure CO2 streams, capture using low temperature ???anti-sublimation??? separation can be an alternative option. Low costs could be achieved by operating under low pressures and integrating with external sources of waste heat. Applying the cost reductions achievable with technology and process improvements reduces the capture and CCS costs to a level less than current carbon prices, making CCS an attractive mitigation option.

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Faramarzi, Ghazal, and Malin Torestam. "Development of evaluation tools as an approach to pre-design district energy systems : Qualitative modeling and performance simulation using OpenModelica." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288104.

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Cities and districts contribute to a large fraction of the total energy consumption in Sweden. The residential- and service sector accounted for almost 40% of the total energy consumption in 2018. The increasing urbanization also puts more importance on the energy supply, distribution and consumption in these areas. One way of planning an energy system in urban areas is to have integrated energy systems where synergies between different technologies and energy carriers are utilized. Such a solution can increase the flexibility of the energy system and thus help integrate more intermittent renewable energy sources. The aim of this study was to suggest tools for planning energy systems in districts. This was done by performing a literature review regarding the design of energy systems and the identification of barriers and opportunities for the integration of different production- and distribution technologies. The focus was on systems for heating, cooling and electricity. The proposed tools are three Excel-based modules. The first module is a qualitative model that presents the reviewed technologies and their connections. It also includes synergies between different energy carriers and sectors for consumption and production. The second module is qualitative model related to market mechanisms, juridical, organizational and institutional aspects. The third module is a table containing the barriers and opportunities. Furthermore, relevant stakeholders are identified to be district heating companies, building owners, joint associations, municipalities, district cooling companies and photovoltaic plant owners. The proposed tools can be used in the first stage of planning when the technologies are selected. To show how the suggested tools can be applied, a case study was performed. The study case is a district being planned in Stockholm, Sweden. For the analysis, a model for a hypothetical heating system was required. Two models were developed for the heat supply system using the modelling environment OpenModelica. The main objective of the case study was to compare the techno-economic and environmental performance of different scenarios. Three different scenarios were considered for covering the total heating demand in the district. In the first scenario the total heating demand is covered only by local heat pumps. In the second scenario the space heating demand is covered by heat pump(s) coupled with a thermal energy storage (hot water tank). An electric boiler is used as backup. In the third scenario, the electric boiler is replaced by district heating as backup. A sensitivity analysis was included for different numbers of heat pumps and different sizes of thermal energy storage in the two last scenarios. The economic and environmental results in this study were strongly dependent on the assumptions regarding prices and emission factors. The result of the case study indicates that the third scenario causes the lowest CO2 emissions. An increased size of the thermal energy storage causes a higher compressor electricity consumption thus more emissions. However the total emissions from the system depends on the backup component. For this result, the emission factor related to Swedish electricity mix and the emission factor stated by a district heating company in Stockholm was used. The cheapest alternative in terms of annual operational cost of energy is the first scenario with only heat pumps. However, from the scenarios which also includes thermal energy storage, the second scenario with three heat pumps and a 100 m3 large thermal energy storage, presents the lowest cost. This system design in scenario 2 is only 0.6% more expensive than the first scenario. For the energy prices, the assumption for electricity is based on hourly values from Nordpol and for heat, the values presented in a normal price list from a district heating company is assumed. Regarding the technical performance of the system the result indicates that the contribution from the thermal energy storage as it is modelled in this case study is not significant on anannual basis. However it is observed that a larger thermal energy storage unit covers a higher fraction of the power demand during the hours it is utilized.
Städer och stadsdelar står för en stor del av totala energikonsumtionen i Sverige. Bostads- och servicesektor stod för ungefär 40% av totala energikonsumtionen under 2018. Den ökande urbaniseringen lägger också mer vikt vid energiproduktion, distribution och konsumtionen i dessa områden. Ett alternativ för planering av energisystem i urbana områden är att ha integrerade energisystem där synergier mellan olika teknologier och energibärare kan utnyttjas. Den typen av system skulle kunna öka flexibiliteten i energisystemet och därför förenkla integrering av oförutsägbara förnybara energikällor. Syftet med denna studie var att föreslå verktyg för planering av energisystem i stadsdelar. Detta gjordes genom en litteraturstudie angående utformningen av olika energisystem samt identifiera hinder och möjligheter för att integrera olika produktions- och distributions teknologier. Fokus låg på systemen för värme, kyla och elektricitet. Det föreslagna verktygen är tre Excel baserade moduler. Den första modulen är en qualitative modell som presenterar de studerade teknologier och deras kopplingar. Den innehåller också synergier mellan de olika energibärarna och konsumtions- och produktionssektorn. Den andra modulen är en qualitative modell, men relaterad till marknad mekanismer, juridiska, organisatoriska och institutionella aspekter. Den tredje modulen är en tabell som beskriver hinder och möjligheter för några av teknologierna. Utöver det de relevanta aktörerna identifierades. För värme-, kyla- och elektricitet marknaden är de fjärrvärmeföretagen, fastighetsägare, samfälligheter, kommuner, fjärrkyla företagen, solcells ägare. De föreslagna verktyget kan användas för planering av energisystem i ett första skede när teknologier ska väljas. En fallstudie genomfördes för att visa hur det föreslagna verktyget kan användas. Fallstudien en stadsdel som planeras i Stockholm, Sverige. För att genomföra en analys behövdes en modell för ett hypotetiskt värmesystem. Två modeller utvecklades för värmesystemet genom att använda modelleringsmiljön OpenModelica. Det huvudsakliga målet med fallstudien var att jämföra den teknoekonomiska- och miljöinriktade prestandan för olika scenarierna. Tre olika scenarier övervägdes för att täcka totala värmebehovet i stadsdelen. I det första scenariot täcks det totala värmebehovet endast av lokala värmepumpar. I andra scenariot täcks värmebehovet för uppvärmning av värmepump(ar) kopplade till en värmelagrings komponent (ackumulatortank). En elpanna användes för reserveffekt. I tredje scenariot är elpannan ersatt av fjärrvärme. En känslighetsanalys var utförd för olika antal värmepumpar kopplade till olika storlekar av värmelagrings-komponenten i de två sista scenarierna. De ekonomiska och miljörelaterade resultatet i den här studien är starkt beroende av antaganden gällande priser och utsläppsfaktorer. Resultatet indikerar att det tredje scenariot har de lägsta CO2 utsläppen. Ökad värmelagringsstorlek bidrar till att värmepumpen förbrukar mer elektricitet och därför ökar de relaterade utsläppen. Däremot beror de totala utsläppen i systemet på vilken reservkraft som används. För dessa resultat användes utsläppsfaktorn för svensk elmix samt utsläppsfaktorn från ett fjärrvärme företag i Stockholm. Den billigaste alternativet gällande årlig driftsenergikostnad är det första scenariot med endast värmepumpar. Däremot, bland de scenarion som innehåller värmelagring, har det andra scenariot med tre värmepumpar och 100m3 stor värmelagringsenhet den lägsta kostnaden. Detta system är endast 0.6% dyrare än det första scenariot. För energipriser har timvärden från Nordpol antagits för elektricitet och för värme har normalprislistan från ett fjärrvärmebolag i Stockholm antagits. Angående den tekniska systemprestandan, indikerar resultatet att bidraget från värmelagringsenheten som den är modellerad i den här fallstudien inte är signifikant på årsbasis. Det observeras emellertid att en större värmelagringsenhet täcker en större andel av effektbehovet under de timmar som enheten används.

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15

Madugu, Fatima Usman. "Modelling and analysis of the techno-economic and social impacts of an algal oil." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9759.

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The economic viability for a microalgae production facility for the production of algal oil and bioproducts remains challenging and unanswered. Important aspects not investigated in assessment of the economic viability of algal oil are the social benefits, such as employment, local earnings and outputs created from such facilities. A model that is able to include both techno-economic and social benefits can help provide answers on the future of these technologies. The development of this type of model requires a combination of techno-economic and social impact theory. This thesis presents an integrated model that estimates the social (employment earnings, and output) and techno-economic impacts generated from a microalgae production facility. A process and system configuration of the algal production chain is selected first. The construction costs of the equipment are then calculated, followed by overall capital cost calculation. Then, the operating costs are estimated by multiplying the resources and energy usage rate by a unit price. Employment, earnings, and output generated from constructing and operating the facility is then calculated using output from the capital and operating cost with input – output multipliers to measure the impact of the series of effects generated by expenditure. The model as far as the author knows, is the first techno-economic model that addresses the social impact. A parametric analysis is carried out using two different methods to determine the viability of an algal oil production facility. Taking the economic costs and the operating parameters from the socio- techno-economic model, some key parameters are changed across a range of values, and their influence on the final cost of algal oil and job impact are analysed. The results shows highest cost contributor to the algal oil cost comes from capital costs. Productivity rate and lipid content have the highest impact both on the final algal oil costs, and the social impact outputs. Improvement would need to be made both in biology and system units.

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Duwahir, Zahras Mohamed. "Capturing CO2 from an integrated steel mill : a techno-economic analysis through process modelling." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32403/.

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The increase in global carbon dioxide emission has raised concerns about climate change. This has caused nations to consider different carbon dioxide mitigation pathways to reduce emissions. The iron and steel industry contributes to approximately 30% of total global CO2 direct emission in the industrial sector. It is an energy intense industry. Many steel mills are operating close to thermodynamic limits in efficiency. Therefore decarbonising the steel industry through process improvements is limited. Breakthrough technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an alternative and attractive solution. In this research I have explored the application of a retrofit carbon capture technology to an existing steel mill. The steel mill chosen, combusts gases arising from the steel making processes. Different locations within the steel mill were analysed, the in-house power station and the turbo blower house were chosen for retrofit post-combustion carbon capture. Two different separation technologies were process modelled to capture the carbon dioxide from the flue gas of the in-house power station and the turbo blower house. The technologies were chemical absorption and adsorption. The two technologies were techno-economically studied. Chemical absorption, with solvent MEA, showed capability of recovering 86% of CO2 with a purity of more than 99 mol%. Adsorption using sorbent zeolite 13X was able to achieve 82% recovery with purity of 96 mol%. Sorbent activated carbon showed a capability of recovering 67% of carbon dioxide with a purity of 95 mol%. The cost of CO2 avoidance for the process using chemical absorption (MEA) was equal to $44.92/tonne CO2. For the process using adsorption (zeolite 13X) the CO2 avoided cost was equal to $44.90/tonne of CO2. Activated carbon was the most expensive capture process, out of the three processes studied. It costs $45.81/tonne of CO2 avoidance.

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17

Ireland, Gregory. "Techno-Economic modelling of hybrid renewable mini-grids for rural electrification planning in Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29462.

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Access to clean, modern energy services is a necessity for sustainable development. The UN Sustainable Development Goals and SE4ALL program commit to the provision of universal access to modern energy services by 2030. However, the latest available figures estimate that 1.1 billion people are living without access to electricity, with over 55% living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, 85% live in rural areas, often with challenging terrain, low income and population density; or in countries with severe underinvestment in electricity infrastructure making grid extension unrealistic. Recently, improvements in technology, cost efficiency and new business models have made mini-grids which combine multiple energy technologies in hybrid systems one of the most promising alternatives for electrification off the grid. The International Energy Agency has estimated that up to 350,000 new mini-grids will be required to reach universal access goals by 2030. Given the intermittent and location-dependent nature of renewable energy sources, the evolving costs and performance characteristics of individual technologies, and the characteristics of interacting technologies, detailed system simulation and demand modelling is required to determine the cost optimal combinations of technologies for each-and-every potential mini-grid site. Adding to this are the practical details on the ground such as community electricity demand profiles and distances to the grid or fuel sources, as well asthe social and political contexts,such as unknown energy demand uptake or technology acceptance, national electricity system expansion plans and subsidies or taxes, among others. These can all have significant impacts in deciding the applicability of a mini-grid within that context. The scope of the research and modelling framework presented focuses primarily on meeting the specific energy needs in the sub-Saharan African context. Thus, in being transparent, utilizing freely available software and data as well as aiming to be reproducible, scalable and customizable; the model aims to be fully flexible, staying relevant to other unique contexts and useful in answering unknown future research questions. The techno-economic model implementation presented in this paper simulates hourly mini-grid operation using meteorological data, demand profiles, technology capabilities, and costing data to determine the optimal component sizing of hybrid mini-grids appropriate for rural electrification. The results demonstrate the location, renewable resource, technology cost and performance dependencies on system sizing. The model is applied for the investigation of 15 hypothetical mini-grids sites in different regions of South Africa to validate and demonstrate the model’s capabilities. The effect of technology hybridization and future technology cost reductions on the expected cost of energy and the optimal technology configurations are demonstrated. The modelling results also showed that the combination of hydrogen fuel cell and electrolysers was not an economical energy storage with present day technology costs and performance. Thereafter, the model was used to determine an approximate fuel cell and electrolyser cost target curve up to the year 2030. Ultimately, any research efforts through the application of the model, building on the presented framework, are intended to bridge the science-policy boundary and give credible insight for energy and electrification policies, as well as identifying high impact focus areas for ongoing further research.

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Giunta, Fabio. "Techno-economic assessment of CO2 refrigeration systems with geothermal integration : a field measurements and modelling analysis." Thesis, KTH, Energisystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289445.

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Several CO2 transcritical booster systems in supermarkets use the potential of integrating geothermal storage, enabling subcooling during warm climate conditions as well as being a heat source during cold climate conditions. First of all, field measurements of one of these systems located in Sweden were analysed with particular focus on the heat-recovery performance. The best theoretical operational strategy was compared to the one really implemented and the differences in the annual energy usage were assessed through modelling. The results show that an alternative to the best theoretical operational strategy exists; heat can be extracted from the ground while low-temperature heat is rejected by the gas cooler. Such an alternative strategy has important technical advantages with a negligible increment of the energy usage. In the second part of this work, the benefits of geothermal subcooling were evaluated. Applying the BIN hours method, it was demonstrated that this system is expected to save on average roughly 5% of the total power consumption, in Stockholm’s climate. The models utilized for the winter and summer season were combined to find the relationship between geothermal storage size and annual energy savings. In this way, it was possible to calculate the present value of the operational savings for the study case. Furthermore, a general methodology for assessing the economic feasibility of this system solution is presented. Finally, several scenarios were investigated to produce parametric curves and to perform a sensitivity analysis. Comparing the results with the typical Swedish prices for boreholes, the cases where this system solution is economically justified were identified. These are supermarkets with a Heat Recovery Ratio (HRR) higher than the average. For examples, supermarkets supplying heat to the neighbouring buildings (considering the Stockholm’s climate, systems with an annual average HRR of at least 70%). Relying only on savings from subcooling was found to be not enough to justify a geothermal storage, a not-negligible amount of heat must be extracted in winter. Finally, some interesting concepts and alternatives to a geothermal integration are presented to point out relevant future work.

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Koko, S. P., K. Kusakana, and H. J. Vermaak. "Techno-economic analysis of an off-grid micro-hydrokinetic river system for remote rural electrification." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 3: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/311.

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Published Article
This study investigates the use of off-grid micro-hydrokinetic river system as a cost-effective and sustainable electricity supply option for remote rural residents in close proximity to flowing water and not having access to grid electricity. This hydrokinetic technology is still in the development stage and there is a lack of application especially in rural areas with reasonable water resource. This study will present the economic and environmental benefits of the proposed system. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the system performance as submitted to different solicitations. A test prototype will also be used in order to validate the simulation results.

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Allard, Stéphane. "Enjeux de flexibilité liés au développement des infrastructures réseaux pour l'intégration massive des énergies renouvelables variables dans le système électrique à l’horizon 2100." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT101/document.

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L'intégration massive des énergies renouvelables variables (EnRV) provoque d'importants changements dans le système électrique. Auparavant développé de manière vertical et centralisé, le système était robuste et fiable. Cependant, la production des EnRV est intermittente et peu prévisible. Ainsi, le système doit être plus flexible grâce à de nouvelles options telles que la maîtrise de la demande, le stockage ou l'effacement de la production EnRV. Cependant, le potentiel des EnRV est réparti inégalement en Europe et avec d'importants taux de pénétration d'EnRV, les échanges d'électricité entre les régions vont augmenter provoquant des congestions dans le réseau. Ainsi, les options de flexibilité ne pourront peut-être pas réduire ces congestions. Pour analyser ces effets, le travail mené dans cette thèse utilise le modèle de prospective long terme POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) couplé avec le nouveau module du secteur électrique EUTGRID (EUropean – Transmission Grid Investment and Dispatch). Ce module inclut une représentation détaillée du réseau de transport européen d'électricité avec un calcul des flux plus réaliste. De plus, les renforcements sont déterminés suivant les coûts de congestion de chaque ligne. Ce nouveau couplage permet d'avoir une évolution dynamique du réseau de transport. Le rôle du réseau de transport est ensuite analysé et comparé avec les autres options de flexibilité. Les investissements dans le réseau augmentent ainsi fortement avec d'importants taux de pénétration des EnRV alors que les options de flexibilité ne peuvent pas intégralement remplacer le réseau. Finalement, un travail exploratoire est mené avec l'introduction de réseaux de distribution génériques (urbain, semi-urbain and rural) dans EUTGRID. Les résultats montrent que les renforcements sont légèrement décalés avec une augmentation de l'utilisation des technologies de back-up (i.e. centrales à gaz) ce qui augmente les émissions totales
The power system is facing a major shift with the large-scale development of variable renewable energy sources (VRES). This vertical and centralized architecture helped the system to be robust and reliable. However, VRES production is intermittent and less predictable. As a result, the system needs to add more flexibility with new options such as Demand Side Management, storage technologies and VREs curtailment. But renewable energies potentials are unevenly distributed in Europe and, with high shares of VREs, power flows exchanges will increase between specific regions. As a result, the existing transmission grid would face congestions and these flexibility options might not be sufficient to alleviate these bottlenecks. To analyse these impacts, the work carried in this thesis uses the long-term energy model POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) coupled with the new European power sector module EUTGRID (EUropean – Transmission Grid Investment and Dispatch). It includes a detailed transmission grid and more realistic power flows with a DC-OPF. A grid investment mechanism is also incorporated to determine the grid investments based on nodal prices. This new coupling permits to get a dynamic evolution of the transmission grid. The role of the transmission grid is being assessed and compared with other flexibility options. The grid investments increase largely with important development of VRES while other flexibility options cannot completely replace them. Finally, an exploratory work is being carried with the introduction of generic distribution grids (urban, semi-urban and urban) in EUTGRID. The results show that the reinforcements are slightly delayed with a greater use of back-up technologies which increases the total emissions

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Mouhammad, Al Anfaf Mohamed Mladjao. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l’optimisation de systèmes énergétiques multi-sources et multi-charges." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0127/document.

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La demande énergétique mondiale continue d’augmenter. Les prix des énergies fossiles sont instables et incertains. La libéralisation du marché électrique et une conscience environnementale des acteurs mondiaux sont des leviers au développement des énergies renouvelables. Ces dernières se développent à un rythme rapide dans le monde. Elles ont atteint une maturité technique qui leur permet de devenir un segment important de l’industrie de l’énergie. Leur insertion dans le mix énergétique pose de nouveaux défis par rapport aux sources d'énergie traditionnelles. Avec un potentiel abondant encore sous-exploité, le photovoltaïque et l'énergie éolienne sont avantageux sur le plan économique et environnemental. Cependant, leur caractère intermittent diminue leur efficacité énergétique lorsqu’elles sont exploitées individuellement. L'utilisation de systèmes hybrides (multi-sources) combinant ces sources d'énergie renouvelables, le réseau de distribution national (réseau électrique historique) et les systèmes de stockage classiques, est généralement considérée par tous comme solution d’avenir, à la fois efficiente et fiable. Il est alors nécessaire de repenser la structure des réseaux électriques et des marchés de l’énergie, ainsi que des changements dans les méthodes de gestion de réseau. Dans ce contexte, l’apport envisagé avec ce travail de thèse est de contribuer à la modélisation et l’optimisation de systèmes multi-sources multi-charges pour alimenter aussi bien des sites isolés « énergie de proximité » (campus, village) que des sites étendus tels que des régions françaises à travers leur interconnexion « pooling ». Différents scenarii de gestion et différentes configurations des systèmes sont modélisés, testés et comparés pour analyser l’efficacité et la robustesse de chaque cas de figure. Une analyse technico-économique complète est réalisée, dans le but d’étudier la faisabilité de chaque système. Pour démontrer la validation de ces modèles, des études ont été réalisées sur un campus Universitaire Français, un micro-réseau au Mali et trois régions Françaises. Ces dernières ont fait l’objet d’application à un modèle original d’interconnexion basé sur les réseaux de Pétri pour l’aide à la décision en termes de configurations du réseau et le contrôle des flux d’énergie échangés entre des territoires producteurs-consommateurs interconnectés sans système de stockage
Global energy demand continues to rise. The fossil fuel prices are unstable and uncertain. The liberalization of the electricity market and environmental awareness of the global leaders are levers for the development of renewable energy. These are growing at a rapid pace in the world. They reached technical maturity that enables them to become an important segment of the energy industry. Their integration in the energy mix poses new challenges compared to traditional energy sources. With an underexploited potential, photovoltaic and wind energy are advantageous economically and environmentally. However, their intermittent decreases their energy efficiency when operated. The use of hybrid systems (multi-sources) combining these renewable energy sources, the national distribution network (historical grid) and conventional storage systems, is generally regarded by all as a future solution, both efficient and reliable. Thereby, it is necessary to rethink the structure of electrical networks and energy markets, and changes in network management methods. In this context, the foreseen intake with this thesis is to contribute to the modeling and optimization of multi- load multi- source systems to power both remote sites “closeness energy” (campus, village) and large sites such as French regions through their interconnection "pooling ". Different scenarios of management and different configurations of the systems are modeled, tested and compared to analyze the effectiveness and robustness of each case. A complete technical and economic analysis is performed in order to study the feasibility of each system. To demonstrate the validation of these models, studies were performed on a French university campus, a Micro-grid in Mali and three French regions. These latter have been applied to an original interconnection model based on Petri nets for decision support in terms of network configuration and control of energy flows exchanged between interconnected producers/consumers territories without storage

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Mbadinga, Monique Anais Bakoussou. "Conversion of a batch biodiesel plant from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysed process: modelling, optimisation and techno-economic analysis." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/921.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master Technologiae: Chemical Engineering In the Faculty of Engineering at Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Most biodiesel plants operate batch-wise using homogeneous alkali catalysts. Recently, several heterogeneous catalysts have been suggested in literature, as they have shown potential for overcoming most of the challenges associated with the application of homogeneous catalysts. Previous published techno-economic comparisons of the two technologies on large-scale processes located in the developed world, have revealed the economic superiority of heterogeneously catalysed processes. Hence, prospect exists for current homogeneously catalysed process plants to be converted to heterogeneously catalysed ones. The objective of this research was to investigate the actual cost benefit of converting a small-scale batch biodiesel plant from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysed process. For this purpose, a small-scale batch biodiesel plant located in South Africa was taken as the base case homogeneous process. Aspen Batch Process Developer® software was used to perform the process simulations. The homogeneous process was converted to the heterogeneous one and results from process simulation were used to evaluate the economics of both processes, which were compared in terms of fixed capital cost, total manufacturing cost and profitability indicators. During economic evaluation, two types of cost factors were used: one prevailing in developed world and the other one relevant to South Africa. The sensitivity analysis of both processes was further performed in order to investigate the impact of some uncertain parameters on their profitability. Finally, a debottlenecking study was carried out. Results obtained from this study showed an increase in the annual throughput of biodiesel as well as significant savings in the total capital cost for the heterogeneous catalysed process relative to the homogeneous one. As regards the estimation of the total unit manufacturing cost of biodiesel, significant differences arose when using the two types of cost factors. Results of economic analyses estimated using cost factors relative to South Africa suggest an increase in the unit manufacturing cost of biodiesel while using the developed world’s cost factors suggests the opposite. This is due to the higher raw material and energy requirement for the CaO process, while knowing that the direct costs are a bigger proportion of the manufacturing costs estimated using the South African cost factors. Profitability and sensitivity analyses only provided positive results when estimated using the South African cost factors. In all cases, the heterogeneous catalysed process was found to be more promising than the homogeneous one over the prescribed project life. The study showed the importance of using cost factors relevant to a particular economic environment during techno-economic assessment of a process. It was also shown that there are economic benefits when replacing settling with centrifugation in biodiesel production processes. In summary, this thesis makes some important contributions. It presents the first process simulation for biodiesel production using Aspen Batch Process Developer® software and thereby proposes a methodology that is currently scarce in the literature. It also reports the first techno-economic analysis applied to the biodiesel field in South Africa and provides a preliminary insight to owners of biodiesel plants as regards the decision to convert or not their homogeneous catalysed plant to heterogeneous one.

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Shemfe, Mobolaji B. "Performance assessment of biofuel production via biomass fast pyrolysis and refinery technologies." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9880.

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Biofuels have been identified as one of several GHG emission strategies to reduce the use of fossil fuels in the transport sector. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one approach to producing second generation biofuels. The bio-oil product of fast pyrolysis can be upgraded into essential gasoline and diesel range products with conventional refinery technologies. Thus, it is important to assess their techno- economic and environmental performance at an early stage prior to commercialisation. This research was conducted with the goal of evaluating and comparing the techno-economic and environmental viability of the production of biofuels from fast pyrolysis of biomass and upgrading of bio-oil via two refinery technologies, viz. hydroprocessing and zeolite cracking. In order to achieve this aim, process models of fast pyrolysis of biomass and bio-oil upgrading via hydroprocessing and zeolite cracking were developed. The fast pyrolysis model was based on multi-step kinetic models. In addition, lumped kinetic models of the hydrodeoxygenation reactions of bio-oil were implemented. The models were verified against experimental measurements with good prediction and formed the foundation for the development of a 72 t/day fast pyrolysis plant model in Aspen Plus®. Several strategies were proposed for the two pathways to enhance energy efficiency and profitability. All in all, the results revealed that the hydroprocessing route is 16% more efficient than the zeolite cracking pathway. Moreover, the hydroprocessing route resulted in a minimum fuel selling price of 15% lower than that from the zeolite cracking pathway. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the techno-economic and environmental performance of the both pathways depends on several process, economic and environmental parameters. In particular, biofuel yield, operating cost and income tax were identified as the most sensitive techno-economic parameters, while changes in nitrogen feed gas to the pyrolysis reactor and fuel yield had the most environmental impact. It was concluded that hydroprocessing is a more suitable upgrading pathway than zeolite cracking in terms of economic viability, energy efficiency, and GHG emissions per energy content of fuel produced.

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McMillan, David. "Techno-economic evaluation of condition monitoring and its utilisation for operation and maintenance of wind turbines using probabilistic simulation modelling." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21986.

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Condition monitoring systems are installed in wind turbines with the goal of providing component-specific information to wind farm operators, which is the key prerequisite of a condition-based maintenance policy. Theoretically, adoption of a condition based maintenance policy will increase equipment availability, operational efficiency and economic yield: this is achieved via maintenance and operating actions based on the condition monitoring information. As with many good theoretical ideas, condition monitoring for wind turbines is imperfect. This fact has inhibited widespread utilisation of the technology and associated maintenance policies until now. Electricity generation companies' experience of such systems is mixed: the most widely-held view being that onshore wind turbine condition monitoring systems are not cost-effective (or marginally so), whereas in the offshore case, economic and technical benefits of CM systems will be substantial - closer to the theoretical case. These views, however, are based on anecdotal evidence and extrapolation rather than any kind of analytic approach, and such perceptions cannot take account of all the relevant factors. It can be concluded that the economic case for condition monitoring applied to wind turbines is currently not well quantified and the factors involved are not fully understood. In order to make more informed decisions regarding whether deployment of condition monitoring for wind turbines is economically justified, a methodology for capturing the processes involved is proposed in this thesis. The specific form of the methodology is quantitative analysis comprising probabilistic methods: discrete-time Markov Chains, Monte Carlo methods and time series modelling. The flexibility and insight provided by this framework captures the operational nuances of this complex problem, thus enabling quantitative evaluation of wind turbine condition monitoring systems and condition based maintenance in a variety of operational scenarios. The proposed methodology therefore tackles a problem which has not been addressed in literature or by industry until now.

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Fubara, Tekena Craig. "Techno-economic modelling of sustainable energy future scenarios with natural gas as a transition fuel to a low carbon economy." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812554/.

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A sustainable energy system defines the pattern of energy generation and uses that can be sustained into the future. This study develops possible transition paths towards the future low carbon energy by proposing various energy flow scenarios using natural gas as a clean source of energy for micro-CHPs, and then renewable biogas/biomethane as a replacement fuel. In Part 1, mathematical modelling/optimization of the natural-gas based Distributed Energy Supply System (DESS), both at the building and overall energy supply network level was carried out for three types of micro-CHPs – SOFCs, Stirling Engines, ICEs – and for various operating strategies – cost-driven, primary energy-driven, CO2-emission-driven, with a novel cap on electricity export. In Part 2, Mathematical modelling/optimization at both levels was also developed for a retrofit energy supply network with biogas/biomethane generation from different feedstocks. The biogas utilization framework consisted of a novel approach suggested by this study for upgrading biogas in an existing natural gas processing plants. Optimization criteria included maximizing the NPV, the GHG reduction, the use of biogas/biomethane, and minimizing the use of natural gas. All optimization was carried out using the General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS). Utilizing micro-CHPs on a natural gas-based energy network showed the primary energy consumption driven options achieving a 6-10% reduction of total primary energy use compared to the base case. When the system was optimized for cost, applying a cap on the electricity export did not change the selected optimal PGU technology/capacity, but affected some quantitative assessments significantly – primary energy consumption; or at least moderately – payback time. It was established that biogas/biomethane could replace 25% to 84% of the domestic natural gas demand for the UK, with GHG savings of 1.61 – 3.23 tonnes CO2e/year/household (42% to 85% reduction from the base case). Total capital spend ranged from £5,133 to £29,955/household with NPVs ranging from £7,036 to -£19,202 per household, propped up by government subsidies. Gasification had a greater potential than Anaerobic Digestion (AD). Also, centralized CHP heat was established as too expensive at current prices, and its use made no significant impact to the overall energy flow. Sensitivity for subsidies, CO2 price and capital costs revealed both several positive and negative effects.

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Tlili, Olfa. "Hydrogen systems : what contribution to the energy system? Findings from multiple modelling approaches." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC083/document.

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L'hydrogène… Cet élément simple et très abondant pourrait être un contributeur clé à la transition énergétique, mais dans quelles conditions technico-économiques et politiques ? Cette thèse propose une contribution à l'évaluation de la faisabilité de pénétration de l'hydrogène dans le système énergétique, en mettant en oeuvre différents modèles qui permettent des éclairages complémentaires. Elle se concentre sur l’hydrogène bas carbone, obtenu par électrolyse de l’eau.Notre analyse multirégionale qui porte sur le contexte énergétique européen, américain, chinois et japonais (régions qui présentent des défis énergétiques contrastés) montre que les politiques énergétiques actuelles ne facilitent qu’une faible pénétration de l'hydrogène dans le système énergétique, lui permettant de réaliser environ 3% de l’effort à fournir par les quatre régions afin de limiter l’augmentation de la température à 2°C par rapport aux niveaux préindustriels. Nous soulignons dans cette thèse que l’injection d’hydrogène dans les réseaux de gaz naturel qui permet dans une certaine mesure d’éviter des fuites de méthane à fort pouvoir de réchauffement, pourrait jouer un rôle significatif dans la réalisation des objectifs de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre.L'analyse des marchés de l'hydrogène a été menée en deux étapes. Tout d'abord, chaque marché (industriel ou énergétique) a été abordé individuellement afin d’établir des coûts d'entrée sur ce marché (pour les différents contextes énergétiques considérés). Ensuite, les différentes applications de l’hydrogène ont été resituées en interaction avec l’ensemble du système énergétique à travers le modèle TIMES-PT et un cas d’étude portant sur le Portugal, permettant ainsi d’examiner le potentiel de couplage entre les secteurs énergétiques rendu possible par l’hydrogène. Ces travaux ont permis de qualifier l'attractivité des différents marchés, celui de la mobilité apparaissant comme le plus favorable.Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux coûts requis sur l'ensemble de la chaîne d'approvisionnement en hydrogène afin de pénétrer le marché de la mobilité.Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé des modèles avec une maille géographique et temporelle fine (GLAES, EuroPower et InfraGis), en commençant par l’étape de production. Nous avons étudié le rôle potentiel de l'hydrogène pour la fourniture de flexibilité au système électrique dans un contexte de forte pénétration des énergies renouvelables intermittentes en France. Nos résultats montrent que l’hydrogène pourrait permettre non seulement d’éviter d’écrêter la production d’énergies renouvelables (entre 1,4 et 7,9 TWh en fonction du scénario de capacité d’interconnexion), mais pourrait aussi mettre à profit l’énergie nucléaire disponible (bas carbone donc), évitant par-là d’imposer de fortes rampes de puissances aux centrales. Cependant, une attention particulière doit être accordée au taux d'utilisation de l'électrolyseur afin de maintenir les coûts de production d'hydrogène suffisamment bas.Enfin, nous nous sommes concentrés sur l’approvisionnement de l’hydrogène, depuis les sites de production jusqu’à l’utilisation pour la mobilité, la question de l’infrastructure étant un problème majeur entravant les investissements dans l’hydrogène. Cinq filières d’approvisionnement (transport et distribution) ont été développées à la maille régionale et comparées sur le plan économique pour le cas français. Nos résultats montrent que, lors des toutes premières phases de pénétration du marché (scénario 1%), il est plus intéressant de privilégier la production décentralisée
Hydrogen… This simple, very abundant element holds great promise to contribute to the transition towards a cleaner future energy system, but under which techno-economic and political conditions? This thesis is a contribution to the assessment of the hydrogen penetration feasibility into the energy system, using a multi-model approach. The focus is put on low-carbon hydrogen, obtained by electrolysis.Our multi-regional analysis on the European, American, Chinese and Japanese energy context (presenting contrasted energy challenges) show that, with the current energy policies implemented which result in a modest penetration of hydrogen into the energy system, hydrogen may achieve approximately 3% of the effort that needs to be done by the four regions, in order to limit the increase of the temperature to 2°C, compared to preindustrial levels. We highlight in this thesis that blending hydrogen with natural gas, and thereby avoiding methane leakages to a certain extent, may represent a significant contribution in achieving the carbon mitigation goals.The hydrogen market analysis has been carried out following two steps. First, each market (industrial and energy-related) was tackled aside in order to propose market entry costs considering the four energy contexts and investigate the timeframe of the market penetration potential. Then, the different hydrogen applications were examined within the overall energy system through the TIMES-PT model (for a Portugal case study), allowing to investigate the hydrogen potential for energy sector coupling. Based on this work, the markets attractiveness was evaluated: mobility (using fuel cell vehicles) appears to be the most favourable.Then, we tackled the required costs over the whole hydrogen supply chain in order to enter the mobility market.To do so, we used temporally and spatially resolved models (GLAES, EuroPower and InfraGis) starting with the production side where we studied the hydrogen potential role in providing the electricity system with flexibility and the impact of such electrolysis operation on the hydrogen generation costs in the context of high shares of renewable energies in France. Our results show that hydrogen can contribute to improve the flexibility of the electric system by allowing avoiding renewable curtailment (between 1.4 and 7.9 TWh depending on the interconnection capacity scenario) but also by taking advantage of nuclear plant available energy (thereby avoiding nuclear ramping), the latter ensuring a low carbon and low cost electricity provision. However, a special attention needs to be dedicated to the utilisation rate of the electrolyser, to keep the hydrogen production costs low enough.Last but not least, we focused on how to link the hydrogen production sites and its final use for mobility applications, the delivery infrastructure being a major issue hampering the hydrogen investments. Five transport and delivery pathways were geographically designed and economically assessed, for the French case. According to our findings, during the very first market penetration phases (1% scenario), it is more interesting to start with decentralised production that proved to be less expensive for the whole pathway at this stage

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Nikzad, Dario. "Techno-economic analysis of integrating renewable electricity and electricity storage in Åland by 2030 : Overview of the current energy situation and definition of four possible environmentally friendly pathways." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264256.

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The study focuses on the possible positive impacts derived from implementing innovative energy solutions to the Åland energy system by 2030. Four scenarios are formulated in order to determine feasible solutions in economic and technological terms. At the present most of the energy supply relies on the power exchange with mainland by subsea interconnections. The archipelago’s main challenge is to reduce the high dependence from the main importer (Sweden) by increasing the use of local renewable energy sources. Wind power results to be the most favorable form of variable renewable energy (VRE) available. “Behind the meter” photovoltaic (PV) rooftop solar panels, biomass combined heat and power (CHP) generation and a Li-ion battery system are considered as supportive solutions to wind power. The simulations made with RetScreen and EnergyPLAN confirm that solar power and a battery system can only have a modest role compared to wind power. A final economic analysis assesses the revenue projections for the new technologies implemented. The results indicate a very positive investment potential for the new wind farms, coupled with a proper Li-ion battery solution. Additionally, the thesis investigates the best options for solving frequency and voltage imbalances, appearing after the implementation of intermittent energy sources. A flywheel technology has been included in the scenarios in order to enhance the primary frequency control of the whole system.

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Lundin, Rasmus, and Benjamin Beitler-Dorch. "Modelling and Analysis of Mobile Energy Transmission for Offshore Wind Power : An analysis of flow batteries as an energy transmission system for offshore wind power." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40082.

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A comparison between a traditional fixed high voltage direct current energy transmission system and a mobile transmission system utilizing vanadium redox flow batteries has been conducted in this degree work. The purpose of this comparison was to evaluate if a mobile energy transmission system could be competitive in terms of energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness for use in offshore wind power applications. A literary study was made to fully grasp the various technologies and to create empirical ground of which cost estimation methods and energy calculations could be derived. A specific scenario was designed to compare the two transmission systems with the same conditions. To perform the comparison, a model was designed and simulated in MATLAB. The results from the model showed that the flow battery system fell behind in energy efficiency with a total energy loss of 33.3 % compared to the 11.7 % of the traditional system, future efficiency estimations landed it at a more competitive 17.5 %. The techno-economic results proved that a mobile flow battery system would be up to nine times more expensive in comparison to a traditional transmission system, with the best-case scenario resulting in it being roughly two times more expensive. The main cause of this was found out to be the expensive energy subsystem, specifically the electrolyte, used in the flow battery system. Several environmental risks arise when using a flow battery system with this electrolyte as well which could harm marine life severely. In conclusion; with further development and cost reductions, a case could be made for the advantages of a truly mobile energy transmission system. Specifically, in terms of the pure flexibility and mobility of the system, allowing it to circumvent certain complications. The mobility of the system gives the possibility of selling energy where the spot prices are at their highest, providing a higher revenue potential compared to a traditional fixed system. As for now though, it is simply too expensive to be a viable solution.

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Olofsson, Oscar. "Biochar in the Höganäs sponge iron process – techno-economic analysis of integrated production." Thesis, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69601.

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Biomass-based reducing agents have a potential to substitute fossil reducing agents in the steel industry. However, the industrial use of biomass-based reducing agents is currently in an early stage of development and has not yet been considered as a means to reduce fossil CO2 emissions, even though the use of fossil-based reducing agents for the iron and steel making cause the highest share of CO2 emissions. This master thesis presents a techno-economic analysis of a 10 MW biochar production plant integrated with sponge iron production in Höganäs. In this study, a steady-state process model was developed, where state-of-the-art research and development in biochar production for increased biochar yield was applied and adapted, using the principle of bio-oil recycle. The developed process model was used to evaluate the biochar production plant, in terms of conversion efficiency, production costs and CO2 emissions, for different process configurations. The results show that bio-oil recycle with 20 wt.% bio-oil increases the energy yield of biochar with 14%. However, it was found that bio-oil recycle increases the required heat input of pyrolysis which led to reduced plant efficiency with 4%-units and increased biochar production costs of 500-1000 SEK/ton biochar. It was found that system integration with Höganäs can reduce the production cost of biochar from over 5000 SEK/ton to under 2000 SEK/ton, where the most significant integration aspect was flue gas integration. The sensitivity analysis showed that the cost of biomass feedstock and total capital investment were the most sensitive input parameters. It was found that system integration with Höganäs was essential to achieve production costs of biochar below the price of fossil reducing agents. It was also found that co-produced bio-oil becomes a main product, essential for the economic performance of the biochar plant, even though the intended main product was the biochar.

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Hudson, Jamel. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles for a Boiler Station : Energy system modeling and simulation optimization." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-400403.

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The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) may be the superior cycle for power generation using low temperature and low power heat sources due to the utilization of high molecular mass fluids with low boiling points. They are flexible, simple, easy to operate and maintain, and offer many possible areas of applications including waste heat recovery and power generation from biomass, geothermal and even solar energy. Therefore, they may prove to be of significant importance in reducing global greenhouse gas emission and in the mitigation of climate change. In this thesis the technical feasibility and economic profitability of implementing an ORC in a district heating boiler station is investigated. A model of ORC connected to the hot water circuit of one of the biomass boilers of the boiler station is simulated. The achieved evaporation temperature is estimated to 135 degrees C and the condensation temperature is found to vary in the range of about 70-100 degrees C. The results show that it is both possible and profitable to implement an ORC in the studied boiler station. A maximum net present value of 2.3 MSEK is achieved for a 400 kW system and a maximum internal rate of return of 8.5%, equivalent to a payback period of 9.5 years, is achieved for a 300 kW system. Furthermore, the investment is found to be most sensitive to changes in the electricity price, net electric efficiency and capital expenditure cost.

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Meshkini, Masoud. "Techno-economic evaluation of Zinc Air Flow Battery in off-grid communities to achieve 100% renewable penetration." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13405.

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In Canada, more than 1.11 TWh of energy per year is generated by diesel generators in off-grid remote areas. Delivering energy to these territories always has a high cost for the local and federal governments both financially and environmentally. Substituting fossil fuels with clean energies is the solution. However, the unreliability and intermittency of renewable energies (RE) are always challenging issues that need to be solved. Zinc air flow battery (ZAFB) with decoupled power and energy capacity can bring sustainability and reliability for microgrids. In this study, an efficient model was developed for ZAFB, which is applicable for large-scale modeling, and incorporated in microgrid modeling. A bilevel optimization approach was implemented in the microgrid model to find the optimal size and control of the microgrid simultaneously over the project lifetime. Using model predictive control (MPC) and based on user-defined foresight horizon and known information like energy demand and RE resources, the control model decides the future changes in microgrid components. This tool is used to propose the best microgrid design for these communities to reduce or eliminate their dependency on fossil fuels. The functionality of this tool was evaluated by three case studies in British Columbia: Blind Channel, Hot Springs Cove and Moresby Island. Zero CO2 emission and zero fuel consumption were achieved by a 100% RE microgrid consisting of wind and tidal turbines and large ZAFB. The net present cost (NPC) of this system and cost of energy are 39 – 46 % and 55 – 60 % less than the base case costs in which diesel is the main energy source. ZAFB with a longer storage duration (50 – 60 hours) satisfies 17 – 23% of annual energy demand in these case studies.
Graduate

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Abdin, Islam. "Techno-economic modeling and robust optimization of power systems planning under a high share of renewable energy sources and extreme weather events." Thesis, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC046.

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Les objectifs récents en ce qui concerne la durabilité des systèmes électriques et l'atténuation des menaces liées au changement climatique modifient la portée des exigences de planification de ces systèmes. D'une part, les systèmes durables d'énergie à faible émission de carbone qui comportent une part élevée de sources d'énergie renouvelables intermittentes(IRES) se caractérisent par une forte augmentation de la variabilité intertemporelle et nécessitent des systèmes flexibles capables d'assurer la sécurité de l'approvisionnement électrique. D'autre part, la fréquence et la gravité accrues des phénomènes climatiques extrêmes menacent la fiabilité du fonctionnement des réseaux électriques et exigent des systèmes résilients capables de résister à ces impacts potentiels. Tout en s'assurant que les incertitudes inhérentes au système sont bien prises en compte directement au moment de la prise des décisions de planification à long terme. Dans ce contexte, la présente thèse vise à développer une modélisation technicoéconomique et un cadre d'optimisation robuste pour la planification des systèmes électriques multi-périodes en considérant une part élevée d'IRES et la résilience aux phénomènes climatiques extrêmes. Le problème spécifique de planification considéré est celui du choix de la technologie, de la taille et du programme de mise en service des unités de production conventionnelles et renouvelables sous des contraintes techniques, économiques,environnementales et opérationnelles. Dans le cadre de ce problème, les principales questions de recherche à aborder sont : (i) l'intégration et l'évaluation appropriées des besoins de flexibilité opérationnelle en raison de la variabilité accrue des parts élevées de la production d'IRES, (ii) la modélisation et l'intégration appropriées des exigences de résilience contre les phénomènes climatiques extrêmes dans la planification du système électrique et (iii) le traitement des incertitudes inhérentes de l'offre et la demande dans ce cadre de planification. En résumé, les contributions originales de cette thèse sont :- Proposer un modèle de planification du système électrique intégré multi période avec des contraintes dynamiques et en considérant un pourcentage élevé de pénétration des énergies renouvelables.- Introduire la mesure du déficit de flexibilité prévu pour l'évaluation de la flexibilité opérationnelle.- Proposer un ensemble de modèles linéaires pour quantifier l'impact des vagues de chaleur extrêmes et de la disponibilité de l'eau sur le déclassement des unités de production d'énergie thermique et nucléaire, la production d'énergie renouvelable et la consommation électrique du système.- Présenter une méthode permettant d'intégrer explicitement l'impact des phénomènes climatiques extrêmes dans le modèle de planification du système électrique.- Traiter les incertitudes inhérentes aux paramètres de planification du système électrique par la mise en oeuvre d'un nouveau modèle d'optimisation adaptatif robuste à plusieurs phases.- Proposer une nouvelle méthode de solution basée sur l'approximation des règles de décision linéaires du modèle de planification robuste.- Appliquer le cadre proposé à des études de cas de taille pratique basées sur des projections climatiques réalistes et selon plusieurs scénarios de niveaux de pénétration des énergies renouvelables et de limites de carbone pour valider la pertinence de la modélisation globale pour des applications réelles
Recent objectives for power systems sustainability and mitigation of climate change threats are modifying the breadth of power systems planning requirements. On one hand, sustainable low carbon power systems which have a high share of intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are characterized by a sharp increase in inter-temporal variability and require flexible systems able to cope and ensure the security of electricity supply. On the other hand, the increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events threatens the reliability of power systems operation and require resilient systems able to withstand those potential impacts. All of which while ensuring that the inherent system uncertainties are adequately accounted for directly at the issuance of the long-term planning decisions. In this context, the present thesis aims at developing a techno-economic modeling and robust optimization framework for multi-period power systems planning considering a high share of IRES and resilience against extreme weather events. The specific planning problem considered is that of selecting the technology choice, size and commissioning schedule of conventional and renewable generation units under technical, economic, environmental and operational constraints. Within this problem, key research questions to be addressed are: (i) the proper integration and assessment of the operational flexibility needs due to the increased variability of the high shares of IRES production, (ii) the appropriate modeling and incorporation of the resilience requirements against extreme weather events within the power system planning problem and (iii) the representation and treatment of the inherent uncertainties in the system supply and demand within this planning context. In summary, the original contributions of this thesis are: - Proposing a computationally efficient multiperiod integrated generation expansion planning and unit commitment model that accounts for key short-term constraints and chronological system representation to derive the planning decisions under a high share of renewable energy penetration. - Introducing the expected flexibility shortfall metric for operational flexibility assessment. - Proposing a set of piece-wise linear models to quantify the impact of extreme heat waves and water availability on the derating of thermal and nuclear power generation units, renewable generation production and system load. - Presenting a method for explicitly incorporating the impact of the extreme weather events in a modified power system planning model. - Treating the inherent uncertainties in the electric power system planning parameters via a novel implementation of a multi-stage adaptive robust optimization model. - Proposing a novel solution method based on ``information basis'' approximation for the linear decision rules of the affinely adjustable robust planning model. - Applying the framework proposed to a practical size case studies based on realistic climate projections and under several scenarios of renewable penetration levels and carbon limits to validate the relevance of the overall modeling for real applications

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Leuthold, Florian U. "Economic Engineering Modeling of Liberalized Electricity Markets: Approaches, Algorithms, and Applications in a European Context: Economic Engineering Modeling of Liberalized Electricity Markets: Approaches, Algorithms, and Applications in a European Context." Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25185.

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This dissertation focuses on selected issues in regard to the mathematical modeling of electricity markets. In a first step the interrelations of electric power market modeling are highlighted a crossroad between operations research, applied economics, and engineering. In a second step the development of a large-scale continental European economic engineering model named ELMOD is described and the model is applied to the issue of wind integration. It is concluded that enabling the integration of low-carbon technologies appears feasible for wind energy. In a third step algorithmic work is carried out regarding a game theoretic model. Two approaches in order to solve a discretely-constrained mathematical program with equilibrium constraints using disjunctive constraints are presented. The first one reformulates the problem as a mixed-integer linear program and the second one applies the Benders decomposition technique. Selected numerical results are reported.

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Erasmus, Andries Gustav. "Application of techno-economic modelling in the platinum mining industry of Southern Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22601.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Mining Engineering 2016/10/5
Management does not have an efficient mechanism to test strategic and operational alternatives and to assess the impact of these on the value and underlying trade-off variables of the business. Techno-economic models can be applied for this purpose as they provide a framework for undertaking advanced process simulation and business valuation. The purpose of the research report is to identify key components, principles and best practice as applied in techno-economic models, to improve techno-economic modelling for the purpose of decision-making and business optimization. The integrated techno-economic model requires a mining model with production planning and scheduling abilities. The half-level system method can be applied to create production profiles for different mining options and only after optimisation the best option is taken forward for graphical design and detailed scheduling. A metallurgical model incorporates the logic and efficiencies of the treatment process into the techno-economic model from which the refined products are determined for revenue and costing purposes. The financial model integrates with the mining and metallurgical elements and uses detailed costing models and sound financial principles for operating and capital cost estimates. An accurate techno-economic model includes key cash flow components and applies rigorous valuation practice for investment analysis. Techno-economic models are extensively applied in business planning, major project valuations and stay–in-business project valuations. Learnings from the review of these case studies suggest best practice, which allows the models to be applied to different types of business entities and contributes to the accuracy, consistency and efficiency of techno-economic modelling. Integrated techno-economic modelling is also applicable in strategic planning and mine design optimization as it provides a powerful instrument for decision-making and business optimization. The future of the mining business depends on it as an invaluable direction steering tool.
MT2017

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Wild, Kristin. "Coupled operation of a wind farm and pumped storage facility: techno-economic modelling and stochastic optimization." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3761.

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This thesis applies a stochastic programming approach to the techno-economic analysis of a wind farm coupled with a pumped storage facility. The production of an optimal day-ahead generating schedule is considered. Wind forecasts contain an element of random error, and several methods of addressing this uncertainty in the optimization process are compared. The methods include robust and reliability-based design optimization in addition to a combination of both approaches, and results indicate that reliability-based design optimization is best-suited to this particular problem. Based on a set of wind forecast error scenarios and historical data, a probability-weighted forecast wind generation scenario set is developed. Reliability constraints are imposed to meet a minimum of 80% of the generating schedule time intervals. This methodology is applied to a case study on Vancouver Island. Preliminary results show that when compared to the base case of a standalone wind farm on Vancouver Island, a wind farm coupled with pumped storage can prove to be economically competitive with pumped storage capital costs below $1.53 million/MW installed pumped storage capacity and a firm energy price of $130/MWh.
Graduate

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Kerrigan, Brett William. "The techno-economic impacts of using wind power and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles for greenhouse gas mitigation in Canada." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3140.

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Abstract:

The negative consequences of rising global energy use have led governments and businesses to pursue methods of reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and wind power represent two practical methods for mitigating some of these negative consequences. PHEVs use large onboard batteries to displace gasoline with electricity obtained from the grid, while wind power generates clean, renewable power that has the potential to displace fossil-fuel power generation. The emissions reductions realized by these technologies will be highly dependent on the energy system into which they are integrated, and also how they are integrated. This research aims to assess to cost of reducing emissions through the integration of PHEVs and wind power in three Canadian jurisdictions, namely British Columbia, Ontario and Alberta. An Optimal Power Flow (OPF) model is used to assess the changes in generation dispatch resulting from the integration of wind power and PHEVs into the local electricity network. This network model captures the geographic distribution of load and generation in each jurisdiction, while simulating local transmission constraints. A linear optimization model is developed in the MATLAB environment and is solved using the ILOG CPLEX Optimization package. The model solves a 168-hour generation scheduling period for both summer and winter conditions. Simulation results provide the costs and emissions from power generation when various levels of PHEVs and/or wind power are added to the electricity system. The costs and emissions from PHEV purchase and gasoline displacement are then added to the OPF results and an overall GHG reduction cost is calculated. Results indicate that wind power is an expensive method of GHG abatement in British Columbia and Ontario. This is due to the limited environmental benefit of wind over the nuclear and hydro baseload mixtures. The large premium paid for displacing hydro or nuclear power with wind power does little to reduce emissions, and thus CO2e costs are high. PHEVs are a cheaper method of GHG abatement in British Columbia and Ontario, since the GHG reductions resulting from the substitution of gasoline for hydro or nuclear power are significant. In Alberta, wind power is the cheaper method of GHG abatement because wind power is closer in price to the coal and natural gas dominated Alberta mixture, while offering significant environmental benefits. PHEVs represent a more expensive method of GHG abatement in Alberta, since substituting gasoline for expensive, GHG-intense electricity in a vehicle does less to reduce overall emissions. Results also indicate that PHEV charging should take place during off-peak hours, to take advantage of surplus baseload generation. PHEV adoption helps wind power in Ontario and British Columbia, as overnight charging reduces the amount of cheap, clean baseload power displaced by wind during these hours. In Alberta, wind power helps PHEVs by cleaning up the generation mixture and providing more environmental benefit from the substitution of gasoline with electricity.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Techno-economic modeling'

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