Academic literature on the topic 'Technological arrangement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Technological arrangement"
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Vlasova, S. A. "TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CHOIR ARRANGEMENT." Innovate Pedagogy 19, no. 3 (2019): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/2663-6085-2019-19-3-14.
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Piątkowski, Jaroslaw. "Influence of Technological Options on the Material Reliability of AlSi17Cu5 Cast Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 229 (April 2015): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.229.17.
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In the dissertation the influence of overheating of around 250oC above Tliq on the material reliability of AlSi17Cu5 cast alloy has been shown. On the basis of static tensile test, the following had been determined: HB hardness, tensile strength and yield strength for four, chosen technological variants. The results were the base to verify the thesis of compliance between tested feature arrangement and normal arrangement, and on this ground also material reliability determined with Weibull’s statistic arrangement had been defined. This parameter grasp the interdependence between lasting probability and chosen material property of the alloy.
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Suchkov, A. V. "Beamforming arrangement for a monopulse frequency scanning antenna array." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2016-1-76-88.
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In the research we develop a waveguide beamforming arrangement for a monopulse frequency scanning antenna array. We study specifics of the sigma delta arrangement suggested and show the ways of eliminating its characteristic limitations. We consider some issues of structural and technological implementations. As a result, we propose the techniques for numerical analysis and parameter optimisation of the electrodynamic arrangement model.
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Kubat, Ulas. "How do technological and physical conditions affect science courses?" Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v13i2.3358.
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The aim of this research is to examine the adequacy of tools and teaching materials as well as physical and technological conditions in science classes according to the views of science teachers. To this end, qualitative research methods are designed according to phenomenological design. The sample of the research consists of 16 science teachers working in the academic year of 2017–2018 in Mugla province. Semi-structured interview techniques were used to analyze the collected data using descriptive analysis. According to research findings, most of the interviewed teachers stated that class size is appropriate. Teachers have emphasized that there are deficiencies in physical and technological conditions. Especially in some schools, it has been discovered that there are no labs, computers or Internet and interactive whiteboards. It was also determined that the teachers had classroom arrangement as a conventional fixed row arrangement for desks. There is little place in the learning-teaching process for posters, banners, and models.
Keywords: Science, physical and technological conditions, tools.
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Lee, Sanghoon, Sunyoung Yun, and Jeonghwan Jeon. "Exploring Industrial Knowledge Flow for Identifying Technological Development Strategy: The Case of Korea’s TFT-LCD Industry." Science, Technology and Society 25, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721819890044.
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Korea’s technological achievement in the thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry became possible primarily through a catch-up strategy in technological development. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the Korean TFT-LCD industry’s knowledge management, the researchers highlight the strategies that key Korean firms utilized to enable a successful technological catch-up. On a national level, patent citation information is analyzed to evaluate the Korean industry’s technological knowledge position compared to other Asian countries. Results from this analysis indicate that Korea plays a central role within the knowledge network, as evidenced by the highest centrality value. On a firm level, Samsung and LG Display are investigated in the areas of technological development and manufacturing strategies. Samsung and LG Display show strength in the technological specialization of devices’ arrangements/optical operation and arrangement/circuits of control indicating devices. In addition, these two firms show more diversification to allow for new business opportunities. By integrating quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the TFT-LCD industry on national and firm levels, this research demonstrates the industry’s trajectory with depth and precision. In addition, this study contributes a meaningful strengthening of analysis methods in technological knowledge management and provides successful management factors for new latecomers in the industry.
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Boyko, Igor, and Oleg Krivenko. "Technological features of arrangement Continuous Flight Auger piles (CFA) in clay soils." Bases and Foundations, no. 39 (December 20, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.39.2019.27-32.
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Rudobashta, S. P., and V. M. Dmitriev. "Kinetics and Apparatus-Technological Arrangement of Convective Drying of Disperse Polymer Materials." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 78, no. 3 (May 2005): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10891-005-0082-x.
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Kolařík, Vladimír, Miroslav Horáček, Alexandr Knápek, Stanislav Krátký, Milan Matějka, and Petr Meluzín. "Spiral arrangement: From nanostructures to packaging." Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0011.
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Abstract Although the orthogonal systems are predominantly employed within modern technologies, some general systems can be found principally in nature. Progress in the field of nanotechnologies based on a condensed matter will reach its limit at a certain moment, which may be caused by material limits or limits of manufacturing technologies. This limitation will affect both approaches, the top-down as well as the bottom-up. Another way to obtain a nanostructure will be based purely on nature and its ability to grow, which requires a deep understanding of the world of biology. This natural approach is closely connected with a precise mathematical description which is necessary for employment of both the analytical and synthetic tools which are presently available within the frame of current technological methods. In this paper, we present an analysis of a model based on a spiral arrangement on a series of elements.
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Mukha, О., and І. Shaikhlislamova. "EXPERT STUDY OF CAUSAL RELATION FOR ARRANGEMENT OF WORK AT WORKING AREA." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 20, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2019.35.
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Coal mining at working areas of coal mines is a complex and multifaceted process causing a wide range of hazards for employees. Arrangement of work at working area is determined by many acts of legislation and regulatory acts in labour safety. The circumstances are likely to cause safety rules violation resulting in incident (emergency, safety incident). The study of such situations requires a forensic expert to be familiar with the proper methodological base of mining and engineering expert study.
Aim of the paper: to develop a model of casual relation determining between safety incident occurrence and persons, whose action (inaction) resulted in incident preconditions during the technological process at working area.
For reliable results obtaining the following methods were applied: analysis of acts of legislation and regulatory acts in labour safety, as well as engineering and logical analysis.
Practical paper results consist in determining a group of persons, whose action (inaction) resulted in incident preconditions during the technological process at working area of coal mine, by forensic expert carrying out mining and engineering expert study by means of the model of casual relation.
Considering the results of analysis of acts of legislation and regulatory acts in labour safety determining the requirements to the technological and project documents for working area with application of engineering and logical approach the model was developed for casual relation determining between safety incident occurrence and persons, whose action (inaction) resulted in incident preconditions during the technological process at working area. The model is helpful for determining the peculiarities of action (inaction) of persons being under the proper conditions in direct or indirect casual relation with an incident.
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Agafonov, V. V., G. N. Shapovalenko, S. N. Radionov, V. Yu Zalyadnov, and N. S. Bikteeva. "Technological parameters and operation arrangement of stripping machines in chernogorksy open pit mine." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, S64 (October 20, 2018): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2018-12-64-22-35.
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Many coal mines in Russia tend toward increasing their production output. Chernogorsky open pit mine, having expanded output by more than 30% for the last five years, is not exclusion. As output is increased whereas geological conditions complicate, technological parameters and production efficiency change. For example, in the open pit, percentage of overburden removal with direct dumping has greatly shrunk as against the truck-and-shovel system. In the meanwhile, the cost of stripping with the tuck-and-shovel system is much higher than in direct dumping by walking excavators. This article gives an analysis of technological parameters, open pit mining system parameters and stripping arrangement at the mine. The authors examine costs of stripping machinery maintenance and compare specific capacities of equipment in use. The modeling results on further increase in productivity of the open pit mine and in capacity of walking excavators are presented with the calculated optimized height of bench for stripping with direct dumping. The reserves available to increase stripping efficiency lie, in the authors’ opinion, in the system of resource allocation for equipment operability maintenance and personnel motivation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Technological arrangement"
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Evans, Samuel A. "Technological ambiguity & the Wassenaar Arrangement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://eureka.sbs.ox.ac.uk/326/.
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International cooperation on export controls for technology is based on three assumptions, that it is possible: to know against whom controls should be directed; to control the international transfer of technology; and to define the items to be controlled. These assumptions paint a very hierarchical framing of one of the central problems in export controls: dual-use technology. This hierarchical framing has been in continual contention with a competitive framing that views the problem as the marketability of technology. This thesis analyses historical and contemporary debates between these two framings of the problem of dual-use technology, focusing on the multilateral Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies. Using a framework of concepts from Science & Technology Studies and the theory of sociocultural viability, I analyse the Arrangement as a classification system, where political, economic, and social debates are codified in the lists of controlled items, which then structure future debates. How a technology is (not) defined, I argue, depends as much on the particular set of social relations in which the technology is enacted as on any tangible aspects the technology may have. The hierarchical framing is currently hegemonic within Wassenaar, and I show how actors that express this framing use several strategies in resolving anomalies that arise concerning the classification of dual-use technology. These strategies have had mixed success, and I show how they have adequately resolved some cases (e.g. quantum cryptography), while other areas have proved much more difficult (e.g. focal plane arrays and computers). With the development of controls on intangible technology transfers, a third, egalitarian framing is arising, and I argue that initial steps have already been taken to incorporate this framing with the discourse on dual-use technology. However, the rise of this framing also calls into question the fundamental assumption of export controls that technology is excludable, and therefore definable.
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Smrkal, David. "Technologický projekt pracoviště u dané strojírenské firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382259.
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The Master Thesis deals with technological project in the engineering company, that is named MAXAREN Ltd. The Thesis includes theoretical part about technological designing, analysis of the current status of the company, capacity calculations, layout and technical and economic assessment. The calculations are calculated based on the typical product of the company. The layout, that is designed in a technological arrangement, was made using capacity calculations and optimizations given by the company. It is clear from the technical a economic assessement that the investment is appropriate.
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Vávra, Jan. "Návrh optimalizace technologických pracovišť v malém strojírenském podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231648.
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This thesis deals with the optimization of technological layout of workplaces in company Petr Bližňák – Metal Fabrication. For optimization are used methods of technological designing. Process of our solution proposal is preceded by a literature search of the issue and explanation of basic concepts in designing. It is followed an analysis of the internal and external environment of the company and assess the current state of the company. Proposals for solution variants are based on calculations of capacitance to minimize manipulation distances and reduce production costs. In conclusion have been selected most advantageous variant and its technical-economic evaluation.
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Čvanda, Petr. "Technologický projekt výroby rotačních součástí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229085.
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This thesis deals with technological project of production of rotating parts, more design layout of the workplace light machining - turning in the company TOS KUŘIM - OS, a.s.. Workplace design is based on both the requirements of company and the principles of technological design. Part of this thesis is the design of three variants of machines arrangement, which are evaluated. Selected of the best option is further elaborated in detail the calculation of capacity, drawing documentation, and economic-technical evaluation.
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Lopes, Manuela Francisca. "O processo inovativo e o papel das instituições no arranjo produtivo de móveis da serra gaúcha." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2008. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2761.
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O objetivo do presente estudo é o de verificar a influência das instituições sobre a capacidade inovativa das empresas do Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) de Móveis da Serra Gaúcha. Para tanto, foi feita uma caracterização do arranjo, destacando-se o comportamento das empresas fabricantes de móveis e o papel das instituições vinculadas a essa atividade fabril. Ademais, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo no município de Bento Gonçalves, quando foram efetuadas entrevistas com representantes das empresas selecionadas e das instituições de ensino e pesquisa, entidades setoriais e associações. A ênfase dada a cidade de Bento Gonçalves se deve ao fato de a maior parcela das atividades vinculadas à fabricação de móveis na Região da Serra Gaúcha estar concentrada neste município. A análise centrou-se no modo que as empresas moveleiras vêm utilizando a infra-estrututa institucional existente e em que medida essa interatividade tem ampliado a capacitação tecnológica e inovativa das empresas do APL de Móveis da Serra Gaúc
The main objective of the present study is to verify the influence of the institutions on innovative capacity of “Local Productive Arrangement” (LPA) of furniture industry in the mountains (sierra) of Rio Grande do Sul state. In order to make this study possible, a characterization of the arrangement was done, highlighting the behaviour of those furniture companies, as well as the role of institutions linked to this “manufacturing activity”. Furthermore, interviews were applied in the city of Bento Gonçalves, with representatives of those selected companies, representatives of research and teaching institutions as well as with associations and “sector entities”. The emphasis given to the city of Bento Gonçalves, is due to the fact that this region (mountains of Rio Grande do Sul state) concentrates most of the activities linked to furniture industry. This study is focused on the way that the mentioned companies have been using the available infrastructure and also on to what extent this interactivity has be
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Andrade, Tabira de Souza. "A estrutura institucional do APL de confecções do agreste pernambucano e seus reflexos sobre a cooperação e inovação: o caso do município de Toritama." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2008. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5026.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-09Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work search to investigate the institutional structure of the Productive Arrangement of Makings of Pernambuco, emphasizing the case of the municipal district of Toritama, integral important of the branch of makings in the area of the rural of that state, whose main activity is the production of pieces jeans. Basing on the focus neo-schumpeteriano/ evolutionist and in the theory institutional, used in the construction of the theoretical approach of productive arrangements and local inovativos, it intends to demonstrate that the intense growth presented by Toritama, will only have long course if there are the presence of technological capacities and endogenous innovative which are strengthened and developed starting from the relationships of local cooperation and of the incentive of an appropriate and dynamic institutional atmosphere. For so much, the adopted methodology consists of the accomplishment of an empiric research in located companies in the municipal district and in support institutions and fomentation placed in Toritama and in other places of the arrangement, specifically, Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, Caruaru and Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. The results point that the cooperative practices are still incipient so much among the companies, as among the institutions, as well as of these last ones with the own companies. And that efforts exist on the part of some productive and institutional actors in the search and introduction of innovations, in way the if they maintain at the market of the fashion, which is characterized by being quite competitive and extremely prone to fast changes. Recently, new institutional entities were created in face to the expansion of the activity and of the need to supply certain existent lacks, above all, of qualification and training of the labor, whose reflexes will only be able to be felt in the long period.
Este trabalho busca investigar a estrutura institucional do Arranjo Produtivo de Confecções de Pernambuco, enfatizando o caso do município de Toritama, integrante importante do ramo de confecções na região do agreste deste estado, cuja atividade principal é a produção de peças jeans. Baseando-se no enfoque neo-schumpeteriano/ evolucionista e na teoria institucionalista, utilizados na construção da abordagem teórica de arranjos produtivos e inovativos locais, pretende-se demonstrar que o intenso crescimento apresentado por Toritama, somente terá longo curso se houver a presença de capacidades tecnológicas e inovativas endógenas, as quais são fortalecidas e desenvolvidas a partir das relações de cooperação local e do estímulo de um adequado e dinâmico ambiente institucional. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada consiste na realização de uma pesquisa empírica em empresas localizadas no município e em instituições de apoio e fomento situadas em Toritama e em outras localidades do arranjo, especificamente, Santa Cruz do Capibaribe e Caruaru, bem como em Recife, capital do estado de Pernambuco. Os resultados apontam que as práticas cooperativas ainda são incipientes tanto entre as empresas, como entre as instituições, bem como destas últimas com as próprias empresas. E que existem esforços por parte de alguns atores produtivos e institucionais na busca e introdução de inovações, de modo a se manterem no mercado da moda, o qual se caracteriza por ser bastante competitivo e extremamente propenso a rápidas mudanças. Recentemente, novas entidades institucionais foram criadas em face à expansão da atividade e da necessidade de suprir certas carências existentes, sobretudo, de qualificação e capacitação da mão-de-obra, cujos reflexos só poderão ser sentidos no longo prazo.
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Foltánek, Jan. "Centrum polymerních systémů ve Zlíně - stavebně technologická příprava výstavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265715.
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The thesis deals with a technological project of Polymer System Centre in Zlín. It focuses on financial documentation and a time schedule of the construction. The technological project in detail focuses on implementation of a fabric of the Polymer System Centre. The thesis includes a technical report which suggests procedure of the construction. The technological documentation includes a plan of the construction site arrangement, a time schedule, a financial plan for the construction, a budget, a technological report suggesting partitions made of magnesium slabs, a control plan, a test plan and health and safety plan.
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Hansen, Zeynep. "Contractual arrangements under technological uncertainty: Analysis of pharmaceutical and biotechnology collaborations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280007.
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This dissertation investigates the conditions that shape the governance structure of contractual agreements and how different contract types address the potential problems that can arise in R&D partnerships under technological uncertainty. The motivation for this study arises from the emergence of new forms of R&D organization to cope with challenges as well as opportunities created by rapid technological change. This dissertation demonstrates the significance of technological uncertainty in determining the observed variety of contractual arrangements in the biotechnology industry. It also shows that the returns from collaborative arrangements as measured by the number of successful patents differ among various contract types. The first part of this research focuses on biotechnology alliances with pharmaceutical companies involving drug discovery research. It demonstrates how advances in technology affect the structure of R&D contracts. Using contractual data over time, it is shown that newer technologies associated with higher uncertainty result in the choice of more equity participation by the pharmaceutical partner and more hierarchical contractual arrangements. This result supports the transaction cost arguments that as contractual difficulties arise, allying firms are more likely to choose a more hierarchical governance form over simpler arrangements. The second part of the dissertation investigates the significance of external R&D investments by large pharmaceutical companies to their overall innovation process. The performance of collaborations on the overall R&D productivity are evaluated in terms of their impact on successful patent production. This study measures the innovative returns to R&D collaborations separate from in-house R&D resources and possible knowledge spillovers. Using a panel data set of large pharmaceutical companies, a knowledge production function is estimated. The results indicate that the implied long-run elasticity of successful patent output with respect to all active R&D alliances is lower than the elasticity estimate with respect to in-house R&D investments. In addition, marginal returns to R&D collaborations differ among various contractual types, in terms of their contribution to patent production process. It is also shown that knowledge spillovers by competitors contribute to patent production, but scientific publications hinder it.
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Silva, Alberto Luis Camelier da. "Desenho industrial: abuso de direito e o reflexo na concorrência do mercado de reposição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-02042013-111046/.
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O direito antitruste, atualmente ditado pela Lei 12.529 de 30 de novembro de 2011, e o direito da propriedade intelectual permeiam o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro buscando regrar condutas e procedimentos com vistas a tutelar, de um lado, a livre concorrência e, de outro, estimular a inovação e o desenvolvimento tecnológico do país. No exercício de ambos os direitos, muitas vezes observam-se conflitos, que aparentemente revelam uma contradição: a concessão de exclusividade de exploração de bens intangíveis, tais como patentes e desenhos industriais, conflita com a livre concorrência, sendo uma excludente da outra. Entretanto, essa contradição, como se verá, encontra-se superada. Em nosso sistema jurídico não há direitos absolutos que possam justificar a dominância pura e simples de um sobre o outro sem medir as consequências. O equilíbrio é buscado através da vedação legal aos abusos de direito, especialmente abusos de direito de propriedade intelectual e o exercício abusivo de poder econômico. Adicionalmente, a Constituição Federal subordina o uso da propriedade à sua função social. O presente estudo analisa as questões que envolvem esse aparente conflito e os abusos decorrentes do exercício desses direitos. O tema é introduzido com a análise da interface entre o direito da propriedade intelectual e o antitruste e as questões de direito dela decorrentes. A seguir, são analisados o abuso de direito, o abuso de poder econômico e o abuso de posição dominante, com destaque para o entendimento da existência de venda casada mesmo que o vínculo ocorra com diferimento no tempo. O estudo prossegue discorrendo sobre a livre iniciativa e a livre concorrência, bem como o instituto do desenho industrial e seu eventual uso abusivo. Também são analisados o mercado de reposição de peças e partes de produtos complexos e sua repercussão no Brasil e no exterior, e a posição do CADE sobre eventuais condutas anticompetitivas. A jurisprudência comentada ilustra as diversas posições doutrinárias acerca da matéria. O monopólio decorrente de direito de propriedade intelectual seria benéfico para a eficiência e regulação dos mercados, apesar de seus eventuais efeitos contra os interesses do consumidor? Este ensaio procura responder essa indagação, aprofundando o debate sobre o conflito entre o monopólio concedido por desenho industrial às peças de reposição de objetos complexos e a liberdade de escolha do consumidor. Oferece ainda uma proposta legislativa que visa assegurar o equilíbrio entre os direitos dos envolvidos.The antitrust law, currently under Law 12,529, of November 30, 2011, and the intellectual property law is within the Brazilian juridical ordination, seeking to rule conducts and procedures intended to protect the free competition, on one hand, and to stimulate the innovation and technological development of the country, on the other hand. In the performance of both rights, conflicts are many times observed, which apparently reveal a contradiction: the granting of exclusivity for the exploitation of intangible goods, such as patents and industrial designs, conflicts with the free competition, excluding one another. Said contradiction, however, has been overcome, as it will be noticed. Our juridical system encompasses no absolute rights liable to justify the pure and simple dominance of one on the other, without assessing the consequences. The balance is searched by means of the legal prevention of the abuses of right, especially the abuses of the intellectual property law and the abusive exercise of the economic power. In addition, the Federal Constitution subordinates the use of property to its social function. This study analyzes the issues involving this apparent conflict and the abuses resulting from the enforcement of said rights. The theme is introduced with the analysis of the interface between the intellectual property right and the antitrust one and the resulting legal issues. Then, the abuse of right, the abuse of economic power and the abuse of the dominant position are analysed, pointing out the understanding of the existence of a tying arrangement, even though the binding occurs with deferral in time. The study proceeds by analyzing the free initiative and the free competition, as well as the industrial design institute and its eventual abusive use. The parts reposition and parts of complex products and their repercussion in Brazil and overseas, the CADE´s position as to eventual anticompetitive conducts are also analyzed. The commented jurisprudence illustrates the several opinion of jurists on this matter. Would the monopoly resulting from the intellectual property right benefit the market efficiency and regulation, despite the eventual effects against the consumer interests ? This paper seeks to reply such a question, by deepening the debate on the conflicts between the monopoly granted by industrial design to spare parts of complex objects and the consumer´s free choice. It also offers a legislative proposal intended to ensure the balance between the involved parties´ rights.
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Moreira, Alexandro Alves. "Arranjos tecnológicos da operação por meio de correspondentes bancários no Brasil, foco nos gestores de rede." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8540.
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Na última década tem-se observado grande interesse no estudo do canal chamado “Correspondente Bancário” como parte do processo de inclusão bancária, ampliação do acesso a crédito e entrega de serviços bancários em comunidades isoladas e/ou carentes do país. Dentre esses estudos podemos depreender a importância do canal para a universalização do acesso a serviços bancários no contexto brasileiro e uma taxonomia dos modelos de operação via “gestores de redes”, empresas voltadas a operacionalização da cadeia de valor que se forma para viabilizar o negócio do correspondente bancário em escala comercial. Considerando os correspondentes bancários como canal de entrega de diversos serviços financeiros ou não, fortemente apoiados no uso de tecnologia da informação, o trabalho teve como principal interesse de pesquisa, expandir o conhecimento a respeito dos arranjos tecnológicos que suportam a operação do canal e dos tipos de serviços ofertados pelas instituições financeiras e gestores de rede, lacuna ainda existente nos estudos sobre o tema. Estes objetivos foram atingidos através da apresentação da tipologia dos arranjos tecnológicos e tipos de serviços atualmente disponíveis no canal de correspondente bancário no contexto brasileiro. Adicionalmente novas classes e tipos de serviços foram definidas e podem ser adicionados ao canal de correspondente bancário. O trabalho utilizou os pressupostos do modelo conceitual multinível estruturacionista que combina moldagem social da tecnologia e contextualismo, incorpora indissociáveis níveis de análise: individual, do grupo e da comunidade local, combinando quatro conceitos fundamentais: a tecnologia-na-prática, a negociação, os grupos sociais relevantes e frames tecnológicos.
Books on the topic "Technological arrangement"
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Makino Noboru no kugen chokugen: Keizai, sangyō, gijutsu no shinro o yomiayamaru na. Tōkyō: Kōgyō Chōsakai, 1987.
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Vallejo Maldonado, Pablo Ramon, and Nikolay Chaynov. Kinematics and dynamics of automobile piston engines. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/989072.
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The fundamentals of kinematics and dynamics of transport piston internal combustion engines made using different layout schemes are presented. Along with the traditional in-line, V-shaped, including oppositional, arrangement of cylinders, schemes with "staggered" arrangement of cylinders in the block at the displaced connecting rod necks of the crankshaft of the engine are considered. The kinematics of the coaxial crank mechanism is considered in detail. The questions of dynamics with reduction of calculated dependences of forces, moments, a choice of a rational order of work of cylinders in relation to the considered kinematic schemes are in detail stated. Considerable attention is paid to the unevenness of the crankshaft rotation speed and engine balancing. The loads on the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, the knowledge of which is necessary in determining the bearing capacity of bearing units, are also considered.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 23.03.03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes" and related areas.
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Jasink, Anna Margherita, Grazia Tucci, and Luca Bombardieri, eds. MUSINT Le Collezioni archeologiche egee e cipriote in Toscana. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-086-0.
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MUSINT is an interactive museological network devoted to the Tuscan archaeological collections which enables the creation of an innovative display itinerary through the collections of Aegean and Cypriot antiquities, so that exhibits originating from different museum institutions can be appreciated. This has led to the creation of a "museum of museums" which responds to the need to offer a display system that can be "visited" by a broad and variegated public. The arrangement of the book itself reflects the true nature of the MUSINT project and its character as a research worksite, enhanced by past experience, and a bridge for the appreciation of new perspectives within a scientific, technological and cultural universe that is open and in continual movement.
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Ghi, Alessandra. La gestione della sicurezza nei nuovi contesti tecnologici ed organizzativi aziendali: Aspetti relazionali, legislativi e gestionali. [Padova]: CEDAM Casa editrice dott. Antonio Milani, 2013.
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Bender, Désirée. Mobile Arbeitsplätze als kreative Räume: Coworking Spaces, Cafés und andere urbane Arbeitsorte. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2013.
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van der Veen, Menno. Enhancing Technological Responses to Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805373.003.0009.
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The main goal of this chapter is to contribute to the (institutional) design of technology transfer arrangements so as to overcome obstacles to the transfer of environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) to developing countries that are posed, in particular, by stalemated discussions on intellectual property rights (IPR). The answer is to move past IPR discussions to focus on licensing practices; specifically, on reinforced efforts to license ESTs on favorable terms in developing countries through a Green Technology Licensing Facility (GTLF), as part of the UN’s Green Climate Fund. A license is, in this context, framed as a contract of transfer and may also consist of pro-active duties by the IPR owner, for example, to assist with the implementation of the technology.
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Keating, Elizabeth. Challenges of Conducting Interaction with Technologically Mediated Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0012.
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Technologically mediated interaction challenges people’s habitual ways of acting interdependently and intercorporeally with others. This chapter discusses strategies observed in two different groups, computer gamers playing Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs), and engineers, as each group collaborates in goal-directed activities where technology significantly alters the reciprocal sharing of body experience. The gamers and engineers are challenged to render their bodies meaningful through interactive digital environments in order to effectively coordinate actions. As bodies are able to be extended through space, the technology which makes this possible also reduces key aspects of visual and sensory fields, including the arrangement of bodies in space and movement. This in turn affects the achievement of focused interaction, the transfer of skills, and the understanding of checks and alignment.
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Office, General Accounting. International trade: Observations on the U.S.-Japan semiconductor arrangement : briefing report to the Honorable Lloyd M. Bentsen, U. S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1987.
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Gochberg, Reed. Useful Objects. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197553480.001.0001.
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Useful Objects: Museums, Science, and Literature in Nineteenth-Century America explores the debates that surrounded the development of American museums during the nineteenth century. Throughout this period, museums included a wide range of objects, from botanical and zoological specimens to antiquarian artifacts and technological models. Intended to promote “useful knowledge,” these collections generated broader discussions about how objects were selected, preserved, and classified. In guidebooks and periodicals, visitors described their experiences within museum galleries and marveled at the objects they encountered. And in fiction, essays, and poems, writers embraced the imaginative possibilities represented by collections and proposed alternative systems of arrangement. These conversations spanned spheres of American culture, raising deeper questions about how objects are valued—and who gets to decide. Combining literary criticism, the history of science, and museum studies, Useful Objects examines the dynamic and often fraught debates that emerged during a crucial period in the history of museums. As museums gradually transformed from encyclopedic cabinets to more specialized public institutions, many writers questioned who would have access to collections and the authority to interpret them. Throughout this period, they reflected on loss and preservation, raised concerns about the place of new ideas, and resisted increasingly fixed categories. These conversations extended beyond individual institutions, shaping broader debates about the scope and purpose of museums in American culture that continue to resonate today.
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Garcia Calvo, Angela. State-Firm Coordination and Upgrading. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864561.001.0001.
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Since the 1980s, Spain and South Korea have experienced a dramatic transformation from middle-income to advanced economies. How did Spain and South Korea upgrade? While market liberalization and globalization were important forces for change, and states continue to be central in the organization of the Spanish and Korean economies, the liberal and the developmental state perspectives do not provide an comprehensive explanation of these transformations. Building on a combination of historical institutionalism and international business literatures, this book argues that upgrading was underpinned by cooperative models based on interdependencies and quid pro quo exchanges between national governments and large firms. The negotiated nature of these arrangements opened the door to institutional variation and enabled Spain and Korea to pursue different strategies. Spain adopted an integrational approach based on foreign direct investment, technological outsourcing, and regional integration. Korea pursued a techno-industrial strategy that prioritized self-sufficiency and the development of local technological capacity. These strategies enabled Spanish and Korean firms across multiple complex sectors to reach the efficiency frontier, but resulted in different productive specializations in complex services and manufacturing respectively. Through this comparative study of transformation in Spain and Korea, this book shifts our perspective on the political economy of economic transformation from markets or states to state–firm coordination as a driver for economic transformation, from one to at least two different pathways to upgrading, and from a world divided into emerging economies and world leaders to a more nuanced perspective that recognizes the perspective of new advanced economies.
Book chapters on the topic "Technological arrangement"
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Sun, Weiyu, Junmin Du, Huimin Hu, and Xuehuan Hu. "Design Factors for the Location and Arrangement of Control Actuators." In Design, User Experience, and Usability: Technological Contexts, 392–400. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40406-6_38.
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Thai, Hoa, Hyesu Im, and Younhee Kim. "Pathways to Electronic Citizen Participation: Policy and Technological Arrangements in Korea." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3799-1.
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Kaschig, Andreas, Ronald Maier, Alexander Sandow, Alan Brown, Tobias Ley, Johannes Magenheim, Athanasios Mazarakis, and Paul Seitlinger. "Technological and Organizational Arrangements Sparking Effects on Individual, Community and Organizational Learning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 180–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33263-0_15.
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Huisman, Jeroen. "International Collaboration: Necessary, But Challenging." In The Promise of Higher Education, 95–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_15.
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AbstractThe claim that international collaboration is important is a truism. A myriad of reasons for cooperation is evident if one looks at existing cooperative arrangements. These may be motivated by an economic perspective (an efficient and synergetic use of human and technological resources, think for example, of large telescopes, particle accelerators, labs, but also of large international datasets), by a cultural perspective (learning from each other) or by a political perspective (development and diplomacy).
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Mengolini, Anna, and Marcelo Masera. "EU Energy Policy: A Socio-Energy Perspective for an Inclusive Energy Transition." In Shaping an Inclusive Energy Transition, 141–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74586-8_7.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the evolution of EU energy policy, examining how concepts of inclusiveness and justice in energy have been progressively included in relevant energy policy documents. It discusses how EU energy policy has evolved to acknowledge the importance of the individual as well as the collective dimension of energy for an inclusive green transition. Recognizing the challenges linked to the translation of these concepts into concrete actions, the chapter elaborates a socio-energy system approach that can help in making visible important aspects of the energy transition that would go unrecognized in other analytical approaches that focus mainly on the technological side. There is an increasing awareness that the European Green Deal and other political initiatives for a sustainable future require not only technological change but also careful attention to the social implications of the transition. The chapter applies the proposed approach to smart metering technologies, discussing how the technology-centric view of the energy system is framed around the average consumer or early-adopter, leaving vulnerable groups and those living in energy poverty underrepresented. A socio-energy approach also challenges the predominant use of purely quantitative results such as energy or cost savings to evaluate the successfulness of initiatives tackling inclusiveness and fairness (e.g. energy poverty). Social outcomes of energy policy choices and technology arrangements need to be better investigated and accompanied by innovative ways to measure their success. The proposed socio-energy approach offers a way of including wider societal implications of the energy transition in the design of energy policies and in their implementation.
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Ganiyu, Idris Olayiwola. "Flexible Work Arrangements for Green Manufacturing." In Human Resource Management Practices for Promoting Sustainability, 212–28. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4522-5.ch012.
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Scientists and environmental activists have constantly emphasized the need to take action against the devasting effect of greenhouse gas emission, which is resulting in immense damage to the environment. The role of flexible work arrangements in ensuring the greening of manufacturing processes globally has not been fully explored by researchers. Aligning employees' green workplace behaviour, technological innovation, and flexible work arrangement could help promote green manufacturing. This chapter employed a conceptual review of literature to examine flexible work arrangement for green manufacturing. Findings revealed that the adoption of flexible work arrangement for green manufacturing could enhance the greening of the production process and employees' ability to achieve a balance between work and family domain.
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Lau, Angela. "When the Past Meets the Present (Intermediate)." In The Music Technology Cookbook, 95–100. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197523889.003.0015.
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The activities described in this chapter encourage learners to develop skills in listening, analysis, and arranging through the use of aQWERTYon, a web-based musical keyboard. This unit uses an inquiry-based learning approach based on the idea that music continuously changes as a response to societal, cultural, and technological impacts. Designed for students in the fourth grade, learners are introduced to what a musical arrangement is, and are given arrangements to analyze and determine what parts of them are taken from the past, present, or both. Following, learners are tasked with creating their own arrangements relevant to their own respective cultures and present them to the class.
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Kaufmann, Lena. "Land-Use Strategies." In Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729734_ch05.
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This chapter describes the land-use and land-arrangement strategies that Chinese migrant and left-behind rice farmers use to manage their farmland and off-farm migration. These include both social and technical strategies – only some of which accord with state expectations – such as leaving behind family members, building houses on farmland, using labour-saving technologies, switching from rice to cash crops, or even abandoning fields. Using specific household cases, the chapter demonstrates how peasants draw on a wide repertoire of available resources to handle their situation. Shedding light on the logics behind these decisions, it argues that, in taking seemingly technical agricultural decisions, farmers are in fact pursuing various long-term and short-term projects that best match their fluctuating current and anticipated future household situation.
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Cesarini, Mirko, Mariagrazia Fugini, Mario Mezzanzanica, and Krysnaia Nanini. "Security Challenges in Distributed Web Based Transactions." In Handbook of Research on Public Information Technology, 209–17. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-857-4.ch020.
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Public administrations, during the last few years, activated modernizations in public service delivery. In particular, this arrangement relates to the service digitalization and automation, thanks to the massive inclusion of Information and communication technologies in public offices. This paved the way for internal and external organizational and technological changes, in that a new approach is required to leverage the new technologies. Moreover, the Internet technologies began to play an important role in public services delivery, and many transactions are Web-based nowadays.
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Bhattacharya, Sreedeep. "The Visuality of Materials and the Materiality of Visuals." In Consumerist Encounters, 226–53. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190125561.003.0010.
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This chapter explores an abandoned industrial site—a jute mill— and its material decadence. It argues how an industrial ruin subverts several normative modes of movement, vision, and arrangement. It draws attention towards how things lose their ‘material sovereignty’ as they degenerate. It makes sense of how technological shifts and restructuration of capital lead to the abandonment of productive space. It also argues that the ruining materials that are endowed with visuality of decay and the visuals that convey the transient nature of deterioration overlap each other conceptually and physically. ‘Visuality of materials’ and ‘materiality of visuals’ intersect and interact to create a unique visual and material identity of ruins.
Conference papers on the topic "Technological arrangement"
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Ahmad, Awwad. "Hamiltonian Cycle within Extended OTIS-Arrangement network." In 2013 International Conference on Technological Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (TAEECE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taeece.2013.6557298.
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Koloyarov, I. A. "Arrangement of technological measurements of antennas parameteres under working area conditions." In 2010 20th International Crimean Conference "Microwave & Telecommunication Technology" (CriMiCo 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2010.5632417.
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Rizzo, Audrey, Xavier Moreau, Alain Oustaloup, and Vincent Hernette. "A New CRONE Suspension: More Compact and More Efficient: Part 2—Synthesis and Achievement." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86785.
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In a vibration isolation context, fractional derivative can be used to design suspensions which allow to obtain similar performances in spite of parameters uncertainties. This paper presents the synthesis and the achievement of a new Hydractive CRONE suspension system. After the study of the different constraint in suspension in the first paper, the ideal transfer function of the hydractive CRONE suspension is created and simulated in different case. Then a method to determine the technological parameters is proposed. A parallel arrangement of dissipative and capacitive components and a gamma arrangement are compared. They lead to the same unusual performances: the stability degree robustness and the rapidity robustness.
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Serrier, Pascal, Xavier Moreau, and Alain Oustaloup. "Synthesis of a Limited-Bandwidth Fractional Differentiator Made in Hydropneumatic Technology." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85230.
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In a vibration isolation context, fractional derivative can be used to design suspensions which allow to obtain similar performances in spite of parameters uncertainties. This paper presents the synthesis and the achievement of a CRONE suspension. A CRONE suspension is synthesised using the CRONE control methodology. Its transfer function is a limited bandwidth fractional differentiator. After the formulation of vibration isolation problems as control law synthesis problems, a method to determine the technological parameters of a CRONE suspension is proposed and is applied to a CRONE hydraulic test bench. A parallel arrangement of dissipative and capacitive components and a gamma arrangement are compared. They lead to the same unusual performances: the stability degree robustness and the rapidity robustness.
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Kravtsov, Vladimir, Valery Seskov, Pavel Lapatin, and Sergey Yakunenko. "Soil Improvement Using Rigid Large Elements in the Engineering Practice of the Republic of Belarus." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.025.
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The results of research and development of methods for the calculation, design and practical application of a method for technique of improvement soft soil bases for slab foundations with the use of rigid large elements are reported. The optimal percentage of rigid elements, structural characteristics of improved soils (increment and diameter of rigid elements) are presented and principles for their calculation and design are given. As exemplified by a specific construction site, it is demonstrated that technological schemes for the arrangement of improved soils, developed by RUE Institute BelNIIS, reduce the deformability of soft soil bases by four times and more.
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Shi, Qian, Tianqi Zhang, Xiang Fang, and Wei Peng. "Chinese Innovative Patent Technologies for the Reactor Pressure Vessel." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30694.
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There is a huge and rapid growing demand for energy in China. The developing of new energy, including nuclear energy, is an important way to solve China’s energy and environment problems. Currently, Nuclear power is playing a more and more important role in China, especially in the coastal areas where the economy is developing rapidly. The main nuclear reactor equipment is the key guarantee to nuclear safety, such as the reactor pressure vessel. With the continuous development of science and technology, the reactor pressure vessel uses more and more of advanced design methods, high performance materials and industrial-proven technologies. As an airtight container who is directly exposed to the great operating pressure of reactor, the reactor pressure vessel plays a crucial role to the safety of reactor. In the paper, by retrieving Chinese Intellectual Property Office patent libraries, 12 Chinese innovative patents for the reactor pressure vessel are introduced, containing four kinds of main technologies: closure, body, nozzle safe end and other technologies. The patent results could lead the corresponding advice to the design of the equipment effectively, to the system arrangement reasonably, and further to the reference for designing a safe nuclear power plants. The paper is to exchange the latest technological progress of reactor pressure vessel, in order to promote technological innovation in the nuclear power field.
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Consonni, Stefano, and Ennio Macchi. "Externally Fired Combined Cycles (EFCC): Part B — Alternative Configurations and Cost Projections." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-093.
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Externally Fired Combined Cycles (EFCC) constitute one of the options allowing the use of “dirty” fuels like coal, biomass or waste in conjunction with modern, high efficiency gas turbines. This two-part paper discusses thermodynamic, technological and economic issues crucial to the successful realization of EFCCs. Part B discusses the cycle arrangement, its implications for the design and the cost of the high temperature heat exchangers, the effects of scale and the economic prospects. An “enhanced” configuration whereby the excess air sent to the combustor is limited to the minimum required for complete combustion can reach net LHV efficiencies above 50%, with relatively low high-temperature heat transfer surface requirements. Cost projections are hindered by the uncertainty on the cost of the high temperature heat exchangers. Estimates based on published and proprietary data collected by the authors indicate that EFCCs should be cost-competitive with IGCCs, especially at medium-low power outputs.
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Clark, R. P., and C. P. Brown. "Selection of Descent and Ascent Method for the WHOI RHOV." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2008-014.
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A deep submergence vehicle operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Alvin has made more than 4,200 deep-ocean dives since 1964. Lockheed Martin Corp. was contracted in 2007 by WHOI with funding provided by the National Science Foundation to design a Replacement Human Occupied Vehicle (RHOV) which would take advantage of recent technological advances to provide expanded depth capability. This paper discusses the criteria, evaluation, and selection of the method of descent and ascent, a high-level naval architecture trade which drives the general arrangement of the entire vehicle. Constrained by vehicle performance requirements, exploration of the system design parameters through dynamic simulation and CFD modeling allows for design optimization. Considering the transient features of ascent and descent such as dynamic ballast pumping and variation in fluid and vehicle density driven by hydrostatic pressure, the preferred method of vertical travel for the RHOV is a level vehicle at zero angle of pitch with velocity orthogonal to the free surface.
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Irvine, R. "Capable, Adaptable, Flexible: The Design of a Cost-Effective Naval Platform with Focus on the Increasing Use of Off-Board Assets." In 14th International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition. IMarEST, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-818x.2018.068.
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In many areas in the innovation of remote and autonomous systems, miniaturisation is leading to a huge increase in the available range of devices and their prevalence in everyday life. In Defence and particularly the naval domain however, the key area of progression is in the opposing direction. Rather than miniaturising, the remote and autonomous systems used in Defence are getting progressively larger in order to provide for increased payload, range and endurance. Navies may often find that they require their platforms to have the ability to cater for both large and small remote and autonomous systems, while also catering for the traditional operations of the navy with use of organic boats and helicopters. Such platforms, with the ability to support an increasingly wide variety of these off-board assets, will be significant for navies in increasing their capability and diversifying into different roles. With provision of sufficient allowances in the design, an adaptable design has the ability to be customised in its configuration. A flexible design has the ability to be reconfigured to fulfil a variety of roles, including those that utilise off-board assets. Allowances are also desirable to enable accommodation of future capability of unknown future high-tech systems so that the navies are able to maintain and increase a strategic technological advantage. This paper examines some of the aspects relevant to operating off-board assets in the design of a cost-effective naval platform that is capable, adaptable and flexible. Particular focus is given to the development of a hullform, seakeeping, general arrangement issues, upper deck arrangements, mission spaces, payload areas, the launch/recovery systems and interfaces.
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Zampilli, Mauro, Gianni Bidini, Paolo Laranci, and Francesco Fantozzi. "Externally Fired Gas Turbine: Layout Optimization for Micro CHP Generation With Residual Biomass Firing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57969.
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The Externally Fired Gas Turbine (EFGT) systems allows the use of unrefined fuels, such as biomass and waste in cogeneration arrangement for adequate efficiencies and high reliability, with respect to internal combustion systems based on gasification. The technology has some technological barriers related to thermal and mechanical resistance of the high temperature heat exchanger (HTHE), which is subject to fouling and corrosion phenomena of the parts exposed to flue gas and fly ash deposits. In this paper an investigation aimed to optimize a 100 kWel, Externally Fired micro Gas Turbine (EFmGT) for combined heat and power generation is presented and discussed. A techno-economic analysis was performed for different plant layouts which are energetically analysed for the case of complete external combustion and co-firing with natural gas, comparing power production, electrical and global efficiency. Each layout was studied by means of mass and energy balance. An economic analysis is also provided, focused on a comparison of initial investment, NPV and IRR. In the economic analysis the best feed in tariff for energetic valorisation of residual biomass was used to calculate the revenue of electric energy generated from biomass.