Relevant bibliographies by topics / Technological innovations – Economic aspects – Lesotho

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Academic literature on the topic 'Technological innovations – Economic aspects – Lesotho'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Technological innovations – Economic aspects – Lesotho"

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Hardashuk, Tetiana. "THE CONSOLIDATION POTENTIAL OF INNOVATIONS." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 23 (2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2018.23.5.

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Innovations are considered as a factor of consolidation of society, taking into account the definition of innovations as a complex phenomenon containing scientific, technical, technological, economic, environmental, social, legal, safety aspects. However, during the longtime scientific, technical, technological aspects of innovations were considered as driving force for the economy economic growth. Innovations directly or indirectly affect all spheres of social life, going far beyond the boundaries of purely market relations. Limitation of purely economic and scientific-technological definition and evaluation of innovations became obvious in 1960s on the wave of economic growth after the World War II and popularization of post-material values, on the one hand, and because of increasing social tensions, environmental crisis, deepening the gap between economically developed and developing countries, as well as between differed groups of the population within society, on the other hand. Social, ethical and environmental aspects of innovation were put on the agenda. Consequently, innovations should be measured not only in figured of benefit, but also in terms of health, education, safety, environmental impacts, saving energy and materials, etc. The study of the economic aspects of innovation were complemented by the following areas: 1) prevention of inequality due to innovative development; 2) combination of innovation with social entrepreneurship; 3) innovation as a factor in achieving sustainability; 4) innovations for environmental protection. This logically follows from the concept of sustainable development grounded on the coherence of social, economic and environmental parameters. Shortly, the complex of updated innovation criteria as a driving force of socio-economic development is formulated by the framework of «3Ps – profit, people, and planet», which accounts economic/financial, social and environmental aspects. The «3P» framework is a basis for development of new business ethics.
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Csatári, Gábor Bence. "The economic aspects of innovation in sheep breeding." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, no. 1-2 (July 30, 2010): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/1-2/14.

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During my investigations, I highlighted three innovations, all of which serve the production of a final product, sheep kefir. This product contains a unique added value and involves several innovational opportunities. I examined the complex economic analysis of the innovations and technological elements investigated with respect to revenues from the sale of sheep milk, sheep cheese (kashkaval) and sheep kefir. The kashkaval-type sheep cheese does not contain sufficient added value to cover the costs of innovational investments. Investigating the innovational activity for developing sheep kefir and for its market introduction, its cash flow balance becomes positive already in the second year after realization, and is able to generate significant profit.
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Rokov, A. I., and E. D. Iokhimovich. "Economic aspects of developing renewable energy sources." Business Strategies 8, no. 2 (March 5, 2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2020-2-55-59.

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The modern electricity market is in the process of transformation generated by the influx of technological innovations and social mood in society. The article considers the features of using renewable energy sources in the world and in Russia, their importance and economic potential for sustainable development. Significant problems that arise when using renewable energy sources are identified, and ways to overcome them and prospects for further use are considered.
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Rak, Aleksandra. "Selected aspects of technological innovations management in district heating companies." MATEC Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818304003.

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The accession of Poland to the EU results in the realization of EU directives, including the field of energy efficiency and CO2 emissions. The regulations oblige enterprises that produce and distribute heat to technical activities involving the use of existing heat sources and modernization of thermal networks, as well as economic and environmental optimization of the heat supply process. The implementation of these projects requires a change in the way the energy sector is managed and thoroughly restructured by implementing and applying technological and product innovations. The article discusses the legal and environmental conditions of the heat market in Poland, the key challenges for the heating industry and selected innovations in heating companies regarding two areas: technical infrastructure and management of the heat production and transmission.
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Stojmenović, Marija. "Socio-economic aspects of cash withdrawal from use." Bankarstvo 49, no. 3 (2020): 102–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bankarstvo2003102s.

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The notion of a cashless society is slowly becoming an inevitability of the modern way of doing business. Withdrawal of cash from use is the result of wide application of information and communication technologies. Increasing digitalization has contributed to the fact that most transactions are performed via smart devices (phones, tablets, desktops), without the use of cash and without going to the bank. The development of technological innovations, as well as innovations in finance, has undoubtedly contributed to increasing efficiency in business, but the question is whether the increasing digitalization of life and business, which is reflected in the creation of a cashless society, is still so desirable for humanity. The paper focuses on the socio-economic aspects of withdrawing cash from use. On the one hand, states are given the opportunity to influence economic activities even more directly through their central banks, while on the other hand, the issue is raised concerning human freedoms and rights in the digital world, in which it will be possible to electronically control the entire business.
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EBELING, W., and A. SCHARNHORST. "DYNAMICS OF ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SEARCH PROCESSES IN COMPLEX ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPES." Advances in Complex Systems 04, no. 01 (March 2001): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525901000139.

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We investigate the dynamics of economic evolution and technological change as hill-climbing in an adaptive landscape over a continuous characteristics space. A technology/firm is described by a large number of attributes or characteristics representing technology-inherent aspects, financial, organizational and economic features. These parameters span a characteristics space, which is a real Euclidean vector space, in analogy to the phenotype space in biology. Further we define a real-valued multimodal fitness function/functional and a population density over the characteristics space. The evolutionary dynamics including competition and mutations/innovations is modeled by reaction-diffusion equations of Fisher–Eigen or Lotka–Volterra type. We demonstrate the potential of such models, which in certain aspects go beyond the widespread applications of discrete replicator dynamics. Concerning technological change the emergence of technological populations as the result of a search process in an adaptive landscape will be investigated. In particular, the relation between incremental and radical innovations will be considered, especially the apparent paradox of a discrete continuum of technological change. Further, an application of the developed framework to the assessment of firms in the stock market is discussed.
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Vypkhanova, G. V., and N. G. Zhavoronkova. "Energy Innovations: Organizational and Legal Aspects." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.122.1.189-203.

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Recently, legal literature has given attention to the problems of innovative energy. Despite the negative consequences of the current global economic crisis, the ways out of it are in the mainstream of the country’s transition from the export of raw materials to the resource-innovative development with a qualitative renewal of the energy sector. These tasks are set in the strategic planning documents that determine the vector and prospects of energy, scientific and technological and other areas of development. Achievement of goals and long-term quality guidelines for the development of the energy sector on an innovative development path is associated, among other things, with alternative energy, the expansion of the use of renewable energy sources. The paper shows the possibilities and prospects of their use for small energy facilities, energy-deficient areas, and regions with decentralized energy supply. The advantages of using green technologies, renewable types of energy are manifested in energy conservation, energy security, reducing the negative impact on the environment, and solving environmental problems. The absence of a regulatory legal framework for the development of alternative energy is revealed; gaps in energy legislation in terms of innovative energy, stimulation of the introduction of innovative technologies, and the use of renewable energy sources are highlighted. The necessity of highlighting this direction in the energy strategy, other strategic documents in the field of environmental, economic development, energy efficiency and safety has been substantiated. The result of the study is new approaches to the formation and implementation of state policy, as well as the improvement of legislation in the field of innovative energy development.
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Shults, Svitlana, and Olena Lutskiv. "Determinants of socio-economic transformations of technological systems: theoretical and methodical aspects." Regional Economy, no. 2(96) (2020): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2020-2-9.

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Technological development of society is of unequal cyclic nature and is characterized by changing periods of economic growth, stagnation phases, and technological crises. The new wave of technological changes and new technological basis corresponding to the technological paradigm boost the role of innovations and displace the traditional factors of economic growth. Currently, intellectual and scientific-technical capacity are the main economic development resources. The use of innovation and new knowledge change the technological structure of the economy, increase the elements of the innovative economy, knowledge economy, and digital economy, i.e. the new technological paradigm is formed. The paper aims to research the basic determinants of technological paradigms’ forming and development, and determining their key features, as well as to analyze social transformations of the EU Member States and Ukraine. The paper focuses attention on the research of the features of social transformations. The structural transformations are analyzed based on the Bertelsmann Transformation Index that estimates the quality of democracy, market economy, and political governance. The transformation processes are assessed on the example of the EU Member States and Ukraine. The authors argue that social transformations and structural changes in the economy are related to the change of technological paradigms that boost the economic modernization and gradual progressive development of humanity in general. The nature and main determinants of 5 industrial and 2 post-industrial technological paradigms are outlined. Their general features and main areas of basic technologies implementation emerging in the realization of a certain technological paradigm are explained. The conclusions regarding the fact that innovative technologies and available scientific-technological resources define the main vector of economic development are made. The new emerging technological paradigm is of strategic importance for society development.
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Holanda, Giovanni Moura de, Carolina Vaghetti Mattos, and Angela Maria Alves. "An Extended ecological point of view to evaluate technological innovations." P2P E INOVAÇÃO 7, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 221–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2021v7n2.p221-252.

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This paper describes an analytical approach based on a non-conventional ecological perspective to evaluate the quality of technological innovation projects. The approach is semi-qualitative and focuses on aspects of cooperation in projects and companies with favorable conditions regarding technological advancement and learning maturity, highlighting contributions of these aspects to the sustainability of R&D projects. Moreover, it considers the multidimensionality of a project in order to classify how its innovations align with sustainable principles, in terms of balancing the needs of all stakeholders. Beyond technology, the multiple dimensions associated to a project and its impacts comprise, for example, the economic, social, human and environmental spheres; similarly to the arrangement of forces for survival and evolution in comprehensive ecosystems, hence the allusive use of the term “extended ecological perspective”. Complexity theory and interrelation of the concepts of sustainability, cooperation, learning and multidimensionality underlie this analytical approach of innovations resulting from R&D efforts.
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Anichin, Vladislav, Dmitry Chugay, Galina Khudobina, and Natalia Yakovenko. "Organizational and economic aspects of innovation management in agro-industrial enterprises." SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600041.

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The economic aspects of innovation activity are determined by the fact that innovations serve to achieve the economic goals of the enterprise, act as a means of competition and require the use of economic resources. When organizing innovation activities, it is important to take into account macroeconomic factors and intra-company conditions. The authors identify three large-scale macroeconomic factors that have a significant impact on the chain of interrelated innovations in the activities of modern Russian agro-industrial enterprises. At present, the factor of creating institutions of the digital economy is beginning to take effect, in connection with which the third wave of organizational, technological and marketing innovations and the next growth of agro-industrial production in Russia are expected. Due to the different rates of economic concentration in the three areas of the agro-industrial complex, historically, unfair vertical competition has been and remains one of the limitations for innovation at agro-industrial enterprises. In the digital economy, information about the essential conditions of concluded transactions becomes available to antimonopoly authorities in real time, which allows them to quickly develop and apply regulatory actions in cases of violations of antimonopoly legislation or in cases of “failures” of the market. It is also possible to create institutions that support fair competition in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. The opportunities that open up actualize the improvement of the conditions for innovation activity at the intra-company level.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Technological innovations – Economic aspects – Lesotho"

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Matthews, Rolf Benjamin. "The technological economics of glass recycling." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3539.

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This thesis examines the technological economics of glass recycling in Britain. Attention was focused on recovery schemes operated within Scotland, comparisons being made with schemes in the rest of Britain and in Europe. An examination was made of general recycling problems and of glass recycling problems in particular. The various systems for glass recycling were reviewed and were put in the context of the waste management system as a whole. A survey was undertaken of Local Authorities operating glass recycling schemes. The aim was to provide a comprehensive data set to enable a consistent assessment of glass recovery schemes to be taken. This emphasised the importance of taking a standard approach to assessing the viability of recovery schemes. This needs to be done in terms of both private and social costs and benefits to provide a full economic assessment of the system. A general computer model has been developed to allow local authorities to check the viability of their on-going operations. As they operate under different conditions this model was split into separate assessment of a Bottle Bank scheme and a trade collection scheme. In addition, an investment appraisal model was developed to cover both situations. These allow managers to assess the viability of their schemes and can be used to highlight key costs. An International review was undertaken to see what lessons may be learned and what actions may be taken by the local authorities, industry, the general public, and by central government.
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Cooper, Benedict C. "The evolution of technology and adaptive economic behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b6fece5-fdc3-4ac5-ad38-ca94f6aea127.

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This thesis studies the role of learning as a mechanism of economic change. Two areas are considered where this would seem to be important. First, how firms learn about new technology; and secondly, how agents learn to behave in interactive situations. A model of research and development is presented which models the process by which firms solve specific design problems. This may be by individual experimental search or by partial imitation. In the latter case, a close parallel is drawn between biological evolution, based on genetic reproduction, and technological evolution, based on firms blending existing technologies. Some economic implications of these processes are explored, including their application to stochastic learning curves, patent design and the transfer of technology to developing countries. The thesis continues by critically assessing the analogy between biological and cultural evolution often used to model how agents learn to behave in interactive situations. It is argued that the methods used by economists exploiting this analogy are often ill-suited to an economic context. Models are presented which deal with specific issues in the transition from a biological context to an economic context, including models of partnership formation, models of imperfect imitation, and models without payoff-monotonic dynamics. The issue of imperfect imitation is expanded upon in an evolutionary model of the infinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma, where it is shown that the problem of inter-generational copying fidelity may allow one to restrict attention to strategies with a very simple stochastic structure.
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Khohliso, Sylvester Mziwonke. "Improving technological entrepreneurship of first-year students at universities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6476.

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A challenge facing higher education institutions is the level of technological entrepreneurship of first-year students in the field of technological programmes. This challenge has put pressure on management of higher education institutions to introduce an entrepreneurial mindset and encourage innovation. According to Development Policy Research Unit (2007:18), 23 percent of students choose qualifications mainly for the employment opportunities. According to Shein, Crous, and Schepers (2010:1), not only in growing economies such as South Africa‟s, entrepreneurship contributes to a national growth and contributes to job creation. Shein, et al. (2010:1), further claim that recent studies have shown a shift towards studying entrepreneurship in an attempt to uncover its fundamentals and its importance in adding to the well-being of the country.
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Peak, Geoffrey Colin. "Product innovation and differentiation, intra-industry trade and growth : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php357.pdf.

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Includes bibliograhical references (leaves 239-251) Concerned with the influence that the production of innovative goods has on the economic growth rate of a country. Proposes that amongst the developed economies, the higher the level of production of innovative goods within a country, the higher the GDP growth rate, all else being equal.
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Matheson, Rob. "The economic effects of supply management on technology adoption in the Quebec and Ontario dairy sector /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63896.

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Cohen, David H. "The adoption of innovative wood processing technologies in the building products industry." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54508.

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The strategic importance of the adoption of innovative processing technologies was analyzed for building products businesses. This study examined the two components of wood building products businesses: the structural panel industry and the softwood Iumber industry. To ensure that the relevance of adopting of innovative processing technologies was examined within an accurate contextual environment, additional important strategies and performance were also measured. A mail survey of the seventy-five largest North American producers of these two products provided the primary data necessary to investigate the strategic importance of process technology adoption, forward vertical integration, relative market share, grade sector focus, and investment intensity on firm performance as measured by profitability surrogates and changes in relative market share. This survey collected direct measures of the proportion of 1987 production produced by respondent firms that used controlled distribution channels and each of twentythree processes indicative of innovative technologies in the manufacture of building products. Information concerning the other strategic and performance factors was collected from secondary data sources. Results indicate that the adoption of innovative processing technologies has a positive impact on firm profitability. Investment intensity and grade sector focus also contributed to superior profitability. Forward vertical integration, and relative market share had no impact in differences between performance levels for the firms studied. Technologies were examined for underlying dimensions that group different process technologies together. Firms were clustered according to their level of adoption of innovative processing technologies and these clusters were then described according to a variety of firm-dependent characteristics, strategies, and performance measures. A strategy-performance model was developed for standardized, industrial product-markets and empirically tested using the data collected for the building products industry as an industry representative of this type of competitive environment.
Ph. D.
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Hirasuna, Donald Phillip 1960. "A dual approach to modelling the dairy industry with predictions on the impact of bovine somatotropin." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276840.

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This study employs duality theory to model the dairy industry. Supply and demands for milk, cull cows, feed, labor and veterinary services were simultaneously estimated using Weighted Least Squares. Elasticities and partial adjustments were obtained for the Nation and the following regions, Appalachia, Cornbelt, Northeast, Pacific, Southern Plains and Upper-Midwest. Predictions for the change in quantity of goods demanded and supplied were made assuming a parallel shift in the supply of milk and demand for feed. In conclusion, predictions on the impact of bovine Somatotropin are made assuming all results are correct.
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Yiadom, Michael Boakye. "A model of creative and innovative techniques that will prepare final year students to become entrepreneurs." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3812.

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Creativity and innovation are significant for the creation of a knowledge and productive base economy with its associated growth, sustainability and job creation. However it is noticed that students will need to employ the techniques on creativity and innovation in order to prepare themselves sufficiently to become business owners and entrepreneurs in this current global world where government jobs are difficult to come by. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to determine creative and innovative techniques that will prepare final-year students to become entrepreneurs. A hard copy Word document questionnaire was considered an appropriate measurement method for this study. The targeted population of the study included entrepreneurial experts, business owners, teachers and lecturers of business management/studies in the Sisonke District of Kwazulu Natal Province. Thus, some 100 entrepreneur experts, owners of businesses, teachers and lecturers were identified as part of the sampling frame. A total number of 67 questionnaires were administered out of the 100 targeted– giving a response rate of 67%. The quantitative data were processed using Excel, leading to appropriate descriptive statistical analyses, including frequencies, means, medians and standard deviations. In order to obtain a better understanding of a model that will prepare final year students to become entrepreneurs, problem statements and sub-problems were stated and a t-test was used to establish demographic variables, whilst correlation analysis among skills was conducted regarding the model of creative and innovative techniques. Factor analysis was conducted using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which confirms that training in the model will prepare students to become entrepreneurs. The results from the empirical study revealed that a model of creative and innovative techniques will prepare students to become entrepreneurs, with a total of 70% of respondents attesting to it. Based on the relevant literature study and the empirical results, recommendations were made in order to support the training needs of students on creativity and innovation techniques. However, the unavailability of an exhaustive entrepreneurial experts database and small number of further education and training colleges in the Sisonke District, did not allow the research to draw on a larger representative sample. Thus, this limitation has impeded in-depth statistical analysis that would have allowed the research to obtain more accurate findings. Further studies could be investigated from lecturers, business owners and experts whether an introduction of a special curriculum on creativity and innovation in further education and training schools may prepare students to become entrepreneurs.
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Goddard, John Gabriel. "Microeconomic foundations of knowledge-driven growth : modelling the dynamic allocation of R&D resources." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:775f8ca2-6042-499f-926b-cdcca1acad24.

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This D.Phil, thesis undertakes a theoretical analysis of the microeconomic incentives for scientific and technical knowledge-creating activities at the firm-level, the channels by which these activities impinge on industrial change and economic growth, and the effectiveness of governmental policies formulated to influence these systemic linkages. The motivation for this work is explained in Chapter 2, which reviews the state of the art in new growth theory and puts forward a typology of privately sponsored RandD activities and knowledge resources defining the premises on which the thesis rests. Chapters 3 and 4 investigate the RandD allocation and output decisions of a profitmaximising monopolist investing in exploratory- and applications-oriented research, dealing separately with product and process innovations. The characteristic properties of the optimal time paths are ascertained by means of formal and numerical optimal control methods, including comparative dynamics. The complementarity between the two modes of research is shown to generate increasing returns, but these turn out to be short-lived. The model is extended in Chapter 5 to study the development of multiple product lines. Knowledge spillovers and demand-side externalities across successive product lines can provide the basis for continued spending on RandD, allowing sustained output growth and profitability. Chapters 6 to 8 turn to the challenges of modelling the irreducible elements of uncertainty in the innovation process and their bearing upon the dynamics of market competition and industry structure. In the sequential game theoretic model introduced, firms can invest in fundamentally uncertain "innovative-RandD," or wait until the uncertainty surrounding original innovation is dispelled and invest in certain but costly "imitative-RandD." These decisions are taken in a vertically and horizontally differentiated market where noninnovating firms can compete with a "traditional" product. The industry-wide scale of RandD investments and the related evolution in market structure are determined endogenously. To do so, a symmetric equilibrium concept is defined and its uniqueness established. The model can support Schumpeterian industry evolutions, in which surges of innovative entry are followed by waves of imitation, and ensuing "creative destruction" in which traditional producers are driven out of the industry and innovators' rents are eventually eroded. Numerical simulations are employed in Chapter 7 to provide further insights into the evolution of product development, market structure, pricing, firm growth, profitability, and consumer welfare. The final chapter considers the implications of this game theoretic approach for competition and innovation policies.
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Cincera, Michele. "Economic and technological performances of international firms." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212081.

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The research performed throughout this dissertation aims at implementing quantitative methods in order to assess economic and technological performances of firms, i.e. it tries to assess the impacts of the determinants of technological activity on the results of this activity. For this purpose, a representative sample of the most important R&D firms in the world is constituted. The micro-economic nature of the analysis, as well as its international dimension are two main features of this research at the empirical level.

The second chapter illustrates the importance of R&D investments, patenting activities and other measures of technological activities performed by firms over the last 10 years.

The third chapter describes the main features as well as the construction of the database. The raw data sample consists of comparable detailed micro-level data on 2676 large manufacturing firms from several countries. These firms have reported important R&D expenditures over the period 1980-1994.

The fourth chapter explores the dynamic structure of the patent-R&D relationship by considering the number of patent applications as a function of present and lagged levels of R&D expenditures. R&D spillovers as well as technological and geographical opportunities are taken into account as additional determinants in order to explain patenting behaviours. The estimates are based on recently developed econometric techniques that deal with the discrete non-negative nature of the dependent patent variable as well as the simultaneity that can arise between the R&D decisions and patenting. The results show evidence of a rather contemporaneous impact of R&D activities on patenting. As far as R&D spillovers are concerned, these externalities have a significantly higher impact on patenting than own R&D. Furthermore, these effects appear to take more time, three years on average, to show up in patents.

The fifth chapter explores the contribution of own stock of R&D capital to productivity performance of firms. To this end the usual productivity residual methodology is implemented. The empirical section presents a first set of results which replicate the analysis of previous studies and tries to assess the robustness of the findings with regard to the above issues. Then, further results, based on different sub samples of the data set, investigate to what extent the R&D contribution on productivity differs across firms of different industries and geographic areas or between small and large firms and low and high-tech firms. The last section explores more carefully the simultaneity issue. On the whole, the estimates indicate that R&D has a positive impact on productivity performances. Yet, this contribution is far from being homogeneous across the different dimensions of data or according to the various assumptions retained in the productivity model.

The last empirical chapter goes deeper into the analysis of firms' productivity increases, by considering besides own R&D activities the impact of technological spillovers. The chapter begins by surveying the alternative ways proposed in the literature in order to asses the effect of R&D spillovers on productivity. The main findings reported by some studies at the micro level are then outlined. Then, the framework to formalize technological externalities and other technological determinants is exposed. This framework is based on a positioning of firms into a technological space using their patent distribution across technological fields. The question of whether the externalities generated by the technological and geographic neighbours are different on the recipient's productivity is also addressed by splitting the spillover variable into a local and national component. Then, alternative measures of technological proximity are examined. Some interesting observations emerge from the empirical results. First, the impact of spillovers on productivity increases is positive and much more important than the contribution of own R&D. Second, spillover effects are not the same according to whether they emanate from firms specialized in similar technological fields or firms more distant in the technological space. Finally, the magnitude and direction of these effects are radically different within and between the pillars of the Triad. While European firms do not appear to particularly benefit from both national and international sources of spillovers, US firms are mainly receptive to their national stock and Japanese firms take advantage from the international stock.


Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Books on the topic "Technological innovations – Economic aspects – Lesotho"

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1959-, Siegel Donald S., and Link Albert N, eds. Technological change and economic performance. New York: Routledge, 2003.

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Creative Technological Change. London: Taylor & Francis Inc, 2004.

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Stoneman, Paul. Technological diffusion: Theviewpoint of economic theory. Coventry: Department of Economics,University of Warwick, 1985.

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Nadiri, M. Ishaq. Innovations and technological spillovers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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The microdynamics of technological change. London: Routledge, 1998.

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Fransman, Martin. Technology and economic development. Brighton: Wheatsheaf, 1986.

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Stoneman, Paul. Technological diffusion: The viewpoint of economic theory. Coventry: University of Warwick Department of Economics, 1985.

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Grossmann, Volker. Growth, development, and technological change. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2007.

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Schumpeterian puzzles: Technological competition and economic evolution. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991.

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Vernon, Raymond. Technological development: The historical experience. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Technological innovations – Economic aspects – Lesotho"

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Slatov, D., and L. Slatova. "Precariat as a Challenge to the Development of Regional Human Resources: Economic and Medical Aspects." In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 42–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_6.

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Kanak, Mahesh Gangaram, and Sunita Purushottam. "A General Approach for Financial Quantification of Climate Change Risk for Enterprises." In Technological Innovations for Sustainability and Business Growth, 105–46. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9940-1.ch008.

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Climate change is a major risk for the global economy. Increased frequency of climatic events coupled with unsustainable economic development without considering environmental & social aspects has resulted in runaway climatic impacts. It became evident for all stakeholders to work in unison; which led to formation of Task force on climate-related financial disclosures (TCFD). Financial quantification of climate risk is a new area to be explored & could be an effective measure to tackle climate change. This chapter provides a general approach for financial quantification of climate change risk for businesses to understand & prioritize climate action. Though the approach is limited to the manufacturing sector, it can be used with some modifications for other sectors. It will help find impacts that climate change could pose to supply chain using various tools & evaluation of its usefulness. As 'Climate Action' is part of Sustainable Development Goals; it will be useful to understand how integrating TCFD could help enterprises tackle climate change by localizing SDG-13 into their businesses.
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Díaz, Javier Alejandro Carvajal, María Catalina Ramírez Cajiao, and José Tiberio Hernández Peñaloza. "Observe, Conceive, Design, Implement and Operate." In Technological, Managerial and Organizational Core Competencies, 105–29. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-165-8.ch007.

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Innovation within organisations permits the transformation of knowledge into applications for the development of new knowledge and new organisations that are able to respond to the needs and changes of the society. However, how can we establish a framework for acquisition of the skills needed to manage successful initiatives for innovation in organisations and how can we guarantee the sustainability of these innovations? In order to provide an answer to these questions, this chapter presents a proposal for the promotion of sustainable innovation based on the engineering cycle of Observe, Conceive, Design, Implement and Operate (OCDIO). For this purpose, we reviewed examples of innovation in some world class universities, analized cases of education for innovation and developed a case study. We conclude that the OCDIO cycle was set up in a framework that enables the development of sustainable innovations through a permanent cycle of observation and adjustment of the systems designed to resolve problematic situations. The phase of observation allows the professionals facing the challenges of innovation inside organisations to obtain the relevant information for the conception, design, implementation and operation of sustainable engineering systems that take into account the relevant economic, social, technical, environmental and cultural aspects.
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Naidoo, Rennie. "A Socio-Technical Account of an Internet-Based Self-Service Technology Implementation." In Social Influences on Information and Communication Technology Innovations, 68–91. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1559-5.ch005.

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Despite the rampant growth in technology-based service delivery options, the implementation of these contemporary forms of service channels continues to be risky and problematic for organisations. Current conceptualisations of IS implementation is rather narrow and highlights only particular aspects of this phenomenon. This paper adopts a socio-technical lens to enhance our understanding of the implementation of an Internet-based self-service technology (ISST) at a major South African healthcare insurance firm. Actor-Network theory’s (ANT) key conceptual elements of inscription and translation are used to describe how the design and use of this self-service technology emerged from the co-entanglement between the technological and social. Drawing from a field study, this paper demonstrates the complex interdependencies and interactions among contrasting social, political, economic and technological issues and therefore advances implementation theory for these contemporary service channels in yet another important way.
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Antonova, Albena. "How can ICTs Contribute towards a More Sustainable Future?" In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 404–17. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8433-1.ch018.

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Since antiquity technological innovations endanger environmental balance and there is major need to keep this balance in check. Any new technology generates more business activity, leading to increased resource extraction and waste and directly affecting natural ecosystems. Thus technological progress and economic growth are based on unsustainable practices. In the last few decades, information and communication technologies (ICT) accelerated globalized business activity by making the world smaller, more connected and smarter. ICT gradually transformed all aspects of human life including work, learning, and leisure; it has a global impact on business processes and practices, communication, logistics and transportation, finance, and commerce among other aspects. This resulted in wealth accumulation, resource depletion and social divide which have led to problems, directly and indirectly, such as scarcity of natural resources, global warming, climate change, population growth, and increasing youth unemployment. This chapter outlines some of the challenges of the new technologies and ICT practices. It proposes a practice-oriented framework for adoption of more sustainable ICT strategy in companies.
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Passaris, Constantine E. "The Economics of Internetization." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 7980–94. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch694.

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Internetization is a new word and concept that has gained currency with the advent of the new global economy of the 21st century. Prior to the ascendance of Internetization economists had embraced the term globalization to describe the operational parameters of the new economy. The problem with the word globalization is that it is neither a new concept nor is it an appropriate descriptive for the contemporary transformational change precipitated by the spectacular technological inventions on the international economic landscape. The new word, Internetization, describes more succinctly the transformative powers of the world-wide-web and the electronic information high way on the evolving dynamics of interconnectivity for the new global economy of the 21st century. Indeed, Internetization captures the pervasive influence of technological change and electronic innovations on the global economy and all aspects of human endeavour for our civil society in the 21st century.
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Passaris, Constantine E. "The Economics of Internetization." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 1714–29. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7598-6.ch126.

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Internetization is a new word and concept that has gained currency with the advent of the new global economy of the 21st century. Prior to the ascendance of internetization, economists had embraced the term globalization to describe the operational parameters of the new economy. The problem with the word globalization is that it is neither a new concept nor is it an appropriate descriptive for the contemporary transformational change precipitated by the spectacular technological inventions on the international economic landscape. The new word, internetization, describes more succinctly the transformative powers of the world wide web and the electronic information highway on the evolving dynamics of interconnectivity for the new global economy of the 21st century. Indeed, internetization captures the pervasive influence of technological change and electronic innovations on the global economy and all aspects of human endeavor for our civil society in the 21st century.
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Antonova, Albena. "Green, Sustainable, or Clean." In Green Technologies and Business Practices, 151–62. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1972-2.ch008.

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Since antiquity, human activity and technological innovations endanger environmental balance. Any new technology generates more business activity, leading to increased resource extraction and waste and directly menacing natural ecosystems. As a result, technological progress and economic growth are based on unsustainable practices. In the last few decades, ICT has accelerated and globalized business activity and many problems emerged as scarcity of natural resources, global warming, and population growth are only few of them. For less than 20 years, information technologies made the world smaller and smarter. ICT transformed all aspects of human life including business processes and practices, communication, logistics and transportation, learning, entertainment, commerce, and many others. The present research aims to outline some of the challenges to new technologies and IT/IS practices. It proposes a practice-oriented framework for adoption of green IT/IS strategy in companies. While literature is dominated by specific technological issues, businesses still miss the general vision of sustainable/green/clean technologies and how to adopt green IT/IS. Therefore, the discussion section of this chapter proposes an analysis of wider practices and initiatives leading to green IT/IS.
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Rahman, Hakikur. "Open Innovation." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 273–307. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0556-3.ch012.

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While talking about successful entrepreneurship and value addition within an enterprise through innovation, one could realize that the innovation paradigm has been shifted from simple introduction of new ideas and products to accumulation of diversified actions, actors and agents along the process. Furthermore, when the innovation process is not being restricted within the closed nature of it, the process takes many forms during its evolution. Innovations have been seen as closed innovation or open innovation, depending on its nature of action, but contemporary world may have seen many forms of innovation, such as technological innovation, products/service innovation, process/production innovation, operational/management/organizational innovation, business model innovation or disruptive innovation, though often they are strongly interrelated. Definition of innovation has also adopted many transformations along the path, incorporating innovations within the products, process or service of an enterprise to organizational, marketing, or external entities and relations. Nature and scope of agents and actors even varies widely within the innovation dynamics, when the open innovation techniques are being applied to enterprises, designated as the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Researching in this paradigm, one has to look for some underlying issues that should be attended through responding to research questions as the research continues. Among many of the fundamental questions on innovation advancement for SMEs development there are a few, how to acquire precise information on the flow-chart of their business operations, gain knowledge on specific parameters of their business processes, utilize existing potential capacities to extend their knowledge towards successful innovation acquisition and dissemination, and extend their knowledge platform through various capacity development initiatives. They aggregate further, when issues of opportunities and challenges are being researched along the path of SME development through open innovation. Rationale of this research is to ascertain diverse aspects of opportunities and challenges surrounding the open innovation processes, and design action plans to empower SMEs in reaching out to the grass roots communities utilizing open innovation strategies. Primary focus of this research is to enable SMEs in finding out their innovation potentiality and empower them through various capacity development initiatives. However, the specific focus will adhere to adaptable technology transfer through open innovation. Along the route to justify the research potential and validate the research hypotheses (whether this research will add any economic value or knowledge gain), this study will conduct extensive literature review on various patterns of open innovation (crowdsourcing or collaborative), investigate case studies to learn about intricate issues surrounding their operational strategies (conducted by European Commission, OECD and similar institutions) and conduct surveys among selected SMEs (email, web based, egroups) in several phases. Research design includes formulation of strategies to resolve acquired research questions; collection and recording of the evidences obtained from the literature review or case studies or surveys; processing and analyzing gathered data and their appropriate interpretations; and publication of results. Analysis will include both qualitative (descriptive and exploratory) and quantitative (inferential statistics) methods.
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Ramos de Luna, Iviane, Francisco Montoro-Ríos, Myriam Martínez-Fiestas, and Luis-Alberto Casado-Aranda. "Analysis of a Mobile Payment Scenario." In Impact of Mobile Services on Business Development and E-Commerce, 22–47. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0050-7.ch002.

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The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the scenario in which mobile payments are currently inserted to offer those interested in developing research in this area a broader understanding of the mobile payment ecosystem and its evolution. A study by Dahlberg, Guo, and Ondrus revealed that researchers are focusing on the same topics (especially consumer adoption and technological aspects) with a limited accumulation of foreground. Therefore, it is believed that the limited scientific literature regarding the history of mobile payment and its development in recent years surely makes it difficult to generate research on other perspectives. In this way, this chapter presents the general scenario of financial technologies, explaining how these changes completely changed the global economic scenario and gave rise to innovations in financial solutions for companies and consumers. The authors conclude the article by giving some recommendations for the diffusion of this payment system and for future investigations of mobile payment systems.
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Conference papers on the topic "Technological innovations – Economic aspects – Lesotho"

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Марков, Владимир Петрович. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF WATER TRANSPORT SAFETY." In Национальная безопасность России: актуальные аспекты: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nb186.2020.45.74.006.

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В связи с нововведениями обостряются существующие проблемы безопасности водного транспорта. Обращается внимание на тот факт, что существующая система безопасности водного транспорта не учитывает географический, технологический и отраслевой факторы. Реализация концепции транспортной безопасности на водном транспорте взывает немало вопросов, определяющих существование отрасли. In connection with the innovations, the existing problems of the safety of water transport are aggravated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the existing water transport safety system does not take into account geographical, technological and sectoral factors. The implementation of the concept of transport security in water transport raises many questions that determine the existence of the industry.
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Rayra Fonseca Ferreira, Lorena, and Chesil Batista Silva. "Academic entrepreneurship -The applicability of doctoral and doctoral theses from Campos dos Goytacazes -RJ in the entrepreneurial market." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212422.

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Knowledge combined with innovation has been shown to be a driving factor for the growth and development of sustainable economic markets and, given the reality of the current scenario in Brazil in relation to social, political and economic aspects, see the high rate of unemployment and informal workers that they need emergency governmental support to survive, the importance of cooperative union between academic centers, scientific society, government and private initiative to induce public and institutional policy strategies that cause scientific, technological and social advances, transforming the knowledge in market innovations that generate jobs and income for social actors. In this scenario, stricto sensu postgraduate courses, especially doctorates, have contributed to the advancement of Innovation, Science and Technology, considered to be driversof economic and social change. Thus, assuming that all theses created in university centers precede an intellectual innovation, this research aims to highlight the reasons that lead to low entrepreneurial applicability among doctoral and doctoral student research. The hypothesis raised is that the lack of disciplines interconnected to entrepreneurship in graduate studies creates an imprisonment of Brazilian scientists' ideas in the academic field without other ramifications. The methodological procedures used will be of a qualitative quantitative approach, with regard to the objectives, the research is presented as descriptive and exploratory, having as a procedure bibliographic studies and the creation and application of a questionnaire for doctors and doctoral students in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. As a result of this research, I hoped to understand the reasons that lead to the low applicability and insertion of academic ideas in local entrepreneurship and the statistical survey of alternatives for interconnection between researchers and the market.
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