Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Technologie de l'information – Internet'
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Ismael, Amr Said. "La technologie de l'information au service de la communication des ressources documentaires : étude des portails des bibliothèques universitaires." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30043.
Full textThe user of internet sites of the french university libraries can only note the very great heterogeneity of the portals which are offered to him. They as well have as a whole a great diversity on the plan of their design as on that of the contents. Our assumption is that their originators obviously miss reference which directs the development of the portals of the university libraries towards a specific model of information and communication. This report led us to devote the present study at this question with for objective trying to determine a whole of criteria of evaluation, some principles of ergonomics, as well as the functionalities most necessary, in our opinion, for an effective design of the portals of university library. Moreover, we tried to present a diagram of the various components of a university portal of library preceding an exhaustive model to recommend. The study undertaken within the framework of this research wants to be exhaustive. It is founded on the examination of all the portals of common services of documentation and the french university libraries, with the number of eighty-five. We wondered systematically about their principles of construction, on the types of contents which they propose; we systematically tried to evaluate their degree of effectiveness in comparison of the access to the documentary resources and the quality of the associated services
Touati, Kamel. "L' impact des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) sur les coûts de transaction : commerce électronique et organisations en réseau." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100045.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the transaction costs. It is composed of five chapters. The first treated principally the development of « new economy », linked to the democratization of the usage of ICT. These ICT affect also the informational environment of the agents and the nature of their rationality, essential determiners of the transaction costs. The second chapter reminds therefore the reasons of the existence of the theory of transaction costs, as well as its main concepts and hypotheses. The third chapter shows how ICT reduce these transaction costs. We distinguish the impact of ICT on coordination costs and on motivation costs. We demonstrate that ICT reduces coordination costs and increases efficiency. These efficiencies are process improvement of trade and marketplace benefits. At the same time ICT affect motivation costs, we discuss the effect of Internet on informational asymmetries. Our conclusions suggest that reduction of coordination costs is important. However, the Internet is not marked by more asymmetry of information than the traditional market. The fourth chapter is interested in the organizational choice related with the effect of ICT on the transaction costs. The limits of the choice market/hierarchy result in the appearance of the theories which take into account the coexistence of these two organizational choices in new forms of organization such as networks. The main characteristics of these organizational forms make the object of the developments of the last chapter
Ladage, Caroline. "Etude sur l'écologie et l'économie des praxéologies de la recherche d'information sur Internet : une contribution à la didactique de l'enquête codisciplinaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01964613.
Full textCorneau, Patrick. "Emergence et évolution des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC) à partir d'une analyse du cycle de l'information scientifique et technique." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT3016.
Full textThe development of new information and communication technologies (nict) resulting from the digital processing of signs represents major upheavals for the production, the circulation and the use of knowledge and data. Starting with the analysis of the information cycle construction and a socio-logical model of innovation (theory of "translation" and "actor-network" by b. Latour and m. Callon), we will study the genesis of the socio-technical frameworks of new media (regrouped around multimedia and computer networks) in the context of economic strategy and industrial competitiveness. The emergence of this new technical apparatus will be described by a quantitative-qualitative analysis of the business and technological intelligence information diffused by adit (bulletin vigie nti) using an infometric tool (sampler) based on the co-word analysis method. An approach via the analysis of the socio-technical networks enables an emphasis of topics and orientations which do not appear when reading only the technological and business intelligence press
Gauguet, Bertrand. "Pratiques artistiques à l'ère de la numérisation : cédérom et internet : problématiques d'une nouvelle économie de l'art ?" Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20018.
Full textAt the same time as the phenomena of digitalization and taming of the digital networks, this thesis studies the digital art works on CD-ROMs and on Internet since their appearance at the beginnin of the 90's. Benefiting from a new importance as domestic object of treatment of the information and the communication, the computer won not only a particular status, but provoked also the emergence of a new space qualifing differently connections among the individual and the social group. Of this other economy of the media, led to new artistic practices. Divided into two interdependent parts, this study approaches so, successively, the art of the computer memories and the on-line art. While liking of account of the economic, political, scientific and artistic situations, the first chapter dedicated to the archaeology of the first art works on memory discs, drafts of the context of appearance of the hypertext, then the computer memories before arriving at an analysis of reports uniting art and data processing. By looking itself for objective to draw up a first inventory of fixtures, the second chapter approaches the emergence of the CD-ROM art works in the 90s. The third approaches more directly the art of the works on memory disc, and takes the spatializing of the story as main subject. The question of memory is there recurring. The last chapter of the first part, describes the importance of game in the art of the digital media. The first chapter of the second part proposes especially an archaeological and historic outline of the artistic telecommunications pioneers, with notably the telematic art of the 80's Also, considered are the sociological consequences appeared in the spheres of art with telecommunications; the typical culture which was established there; and how art became very fast a stream surrounding new territorialities and of new symbolic values. The last chapter of this thesis, studies art and communication by taking more particularly into account the dichotomy between the attitude of assimilation and that of resistance. Thus, are declined alternately, the thematic of unfound object, the criticism of the actual informative hierarchies on networks, graphic deconstruction, work on the entropy with the parasitage and the hacking of the technological dominant values
Moeller, Markus. "Les business modèles pour le commerce mobile : évaluation des stratégies business et des trajectoires technologiques." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090047.
Full textThe mobile Internet could be a new technology helping the firm to improve productivity. But mobile Internet technology, now being widely deployed, still lacks broad usage. The author’s thesis: firms will use mobile Internet technology only if it improves their productivity. His argument reveals four questions: (1) How can the firm evaluate mobile Internet technology? (2) What determines the use in the perspective of the firm? (3) Do standards of implementation exist? (4) Are there business cases of mobile Internet technology use in the firm? These questions are being answered by a thorough observation of the firm’s practice
Nica, Dan. "Société de l'information et e-gouvernance : cas d'un pays en transition : la Roumanie." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30002.
Full textDou, Carine. "Les nouvelles technologies de l'information support du développement et de la création d'entreprises." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30011.
Full textThe use of new information technologies for the development of press companies necessitate various steps : knowledge of the potential clients, knowledge of the customers. From these information the development of a strategy to create new information products is possible. This work has been achieved with the company Sud Reporters. These former analysis show that some practicces and constraints if well understood, could give rise to a new class of products. A work made under the consortium of an UCIP, allows to determine a set of integrated products which helping the people to work with Internet
Pomares, Brandt Pascale. "Les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication dans les enseignements technologiques : de l'organisation des savoirs aux conditions d'étude : didactique de la consultation d'information." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10070.
Full textBen, Affana Synda. "Communication et Internet : une étude de cas de l'appropriation sociale d'une technologie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25556/25556.pdf.
Full textFautrero, Valérie. "Stratégies d'expérimentation et dynamique du marché de l'Internet haut débit en France : une perspective néo-institutionnelle." Paris, ENST, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENST0009.
Full textThis thesis attempts, from a neo-institutionalist conceptual framework, to analyse the sense, issues and roles of the stakeholders in the alternative high-speed Internet access technologies which have been deployed in France. Based on three case studies, the work of this thesis suggests that these experiments can be an important element in market dynamics. The State seems to act as the leader of an experimental business ecosystem combining various elements ; it relies on a political approach “organising” a regulatory system and financial sponsorship for the sector. In this way it boosts the momentum of the deployment of market experimentation, responding to different expectations depending on the stakeholders concerned. Finally the “alternative” character of the technologies used is, in our view, limited to the technical dimension of these systems. The market, as a social conceptualization, seems to grasp these systems as a form of leverage to stimulate momentum temporarily which does not exclude forms of economic protection
Dayoro, Sahuie Patrice. "L'information, les nouvelles technologies d'information et l'usage d'internet dans les entreprises d'Abidjan." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33003.
Full textEl, Fellah Reda. "Les interactions entre Internet, les nouvelles technologies de communication et d'nformation et la problématique du développement." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0049.
Full textChetioui, Ben Osman Lamia. "Innovation et technologies de l'information, une lecture structurationniste : le cas des technologies internet pour la banque à distance." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0935.
Full textThe aim of this research is to describe and understand the integration process of Internet banking technologies within an organization of a large bank. In the stream of structuration theory, this thesis suggests to re-visit the innovation process associated with the integration of information technologies. Combining both levels of action and structure in Giddens' sense, this work aims at showing how this organizational phenomena emerges from social interactions between individuals. So far in the literature, these interactions have been too often considered as taking place in a black box. The theoretical contribution of this work stems from a cross fertilisation between Institutionalism, which has been broadly criticised for neglecting human interactions, and recent structurationist work on the articulation between information technologies and organisation. The latter has been criticised for The aim of this research is to describe and understand the integration process of Internet banking missing institutional embedness in the inter-organizational relationsFrom a methodological point of view, this thesis sketches a new way to translate the theory of structuration into organizations. A methodological construct has been designed accordingly to conduct a longitudinal case study in a large bank faced with the up-coming of Internet technologies. Composed of a protocol in five stages, it allows to restore take into account and combine three analytical levels: (i) the inter-organizational field which is analysed through the operationalisation of the concept of representation; (ii) the intra-organizational context which is considered as a local context (i. E. Situated in time and space); and (iii) the human interactions which are approached through the concept of episode proposed by Giddens. Finally, this research graps an important organizational phenomena related to the integration of information technologies, namely inertia. Inertia is cognitively associated with representations and organizationally entrenched in daily actions. Despite some transformations in the intra-organizational context, the study points out to unintended effects and unacknowledged conditions of managers' action that lead to inertia
Bouadjenek, Mohamed Reda. "Infrastructure and algorithms for information retrieval based on social network analysis mining." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0041.
Full textNowadays, the Web has evolved from a static Web where users were only able to consume information, to a Web where users are also able to produce information. This evolution is commonly known as Social Web or Web 2. 0. Social platforms and networks are certainly the most adopted technologies in this new era. These platforms are commonly used as a means to interact with peers, exchange messages, share resources, etc. Thus, these collaborative tasks that make users more active in generating content are one of the most important factors for the increasingly growing quantity of available data. From the research perspective, this brings important and interesting challenges for many research fields. In such a context, a mostly crucial problem is to enable users to find relevant information with respect to their interests and needs. This task is commonly referred to as Information Retrieval (IR). IR is performed every day in an obvious way over the Web, typically under a search engine. However, classic models of IR don’t consider the social dimension of the Web. They model web pages as a mixture of a static homogeneous terms generated by the same creators. Then, ranking algorithms are often based on : (i) a query and document text similarity and (ii) the existing hypertext links that connect these web pages, e. G. PageRank. Therefore, classic models of IR and even the IR paradigm should be adapted to the socialization of the Web, in order to fully leverage the social context that surround web pages and users. This thesis presents many approaches that go in this direction. In particular, three methods are introduced in this thesis : (i) a Personalized Social Query Expansion (PSQE) framework, which achieves social and personalized expansions of a query with respect to each user, i. E. For the same query, different users will obtain different expanded queries. (ii) a Personalized Social Document Representation (PSDR) framework that uses social information to enhance, improve and provide a personalized social representation of documents to each user. (iii) a Social Personalized Ranking function called SoPRa, which takes into account social features that are related to users and documents. All these approaches have the particularity of being scalable to large-scale datasets, flexible and adaptable according to the high dynamicity of social data, and efficient since they have been intensively evaluated and compared to the closest works. From a practical point of view, this thesis led to the development of an experimental social Web search engine called LAICOS that includes all the algorithms developed throughout this thesis
Dou, Jean-Marie. "Systèmes d'information stratégiques : influence des nouvelles technologies de l'information et application aux PMI et PME." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30114.
Full textZiza, Henri-Paul. "Télématique et développement au Gabon." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30026.
Full textSummary : This thesis lies within the scoop of the introduction of telematics (data processing), minitel videotex, through telematics coupling telecommunications, data processing and networks, for the exchange of data and the internet in Gabonese society. This thesis is presented in the form of a general reflexion on the social problems generated by the rise of communication and information technologies, through the capacity of the new electronic media. It has s an aim principal the analysis of the changes which touch the forms of representation and perception that the ways of life and the practices in Gabon
Déléant, Laura. "Persuasion et attention : étude oculométrique des éléments persuasifs sur internet pour promouvoir les attitudes et comportements pro environnementaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0108.
Full textIn recent years, the spread of information and communication technologies (ICT) has led to the implementation of persuasion techniques to these materials. These technologies are called "persuasive technologies" to refer to the ICTs used to change attitudes and behaviors (Fogg, 2003). Persuasive technologies field has led the domain of human machine interactions (HMI) and social psychology to meet. Our project is part of this dynamic. Our work is interested in the impact of regular exposure of Internet users to persuasion techniques on the influence process. We have delimited our study area to websites committed to the environment. In our first study, we identified the persuasive elements of the WWF site during inspections by users with different levels of familiarity with persuasion techniques. The results highlight the consistency of the inspections, regardless of the level of familiarity of the participants' persuasive techniques. Our second study is concerned with the persuasive impact of the elements identified during the first study. For this, this second study assesses the attractive, vividity (Nisbett & Ross, 1980) and persuasive dimensions of the elements of the WWF site. For this we studied (1) the attractiveness of the elements identified as persuasive or not (study 1) using the durations and numbers of fixations, (2) the impact of these elements on eco-environmental attitudes, behavioral intentions favorable to the environment as well as (3) the effect of the vividness of the messages on their memorization and attractiveness. The results of this second study highlight participants' favorable attitudes and behavioral intentions following the WWF visit. The persuasive elements, however, do not attract the attention of users more than the unconvincing elements
Senoussi, Mohammed. "La circulation internationale de l'information et la souveraineté nationale." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070044.
Full textThe geopolitical considerations are deeply influenced by the revolution of the information with the explosion of the technologies of information and the communication, indeed. The international circulation of information did not fail deeply to restructure around us the social relationship between individuals, between the groups and the nations. The same, it leads to news ways of life and with a redefinition of the relation with space and time. We thus let us live a world in transformation vvhere the capacity of the state-nations to structure the total order and to face the stakes of the international circulation of information is marked by an apparent erosion. These states see to concurrence by the new ones international System, it is in the course of transformation and of displacement towards other institutional arenas that the states. Present research is in the fields of questioning on the international circulation of the information and its effects on national sovereignty and the reports/ratios of force on various geopolitical scales
Thulin, Eva. "Ungdomars virtuella rörlighet användningen av dator, internet och mobiltelefon i ett geografiskt perspektiv /." Göteborg : Kulturgeografiska institutionen, Handelshögsk., Univ, 2004. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00003743/01/phd_Eva_Thulin.pdf.
Full textMinkala-Ntadi, Pierre. "Appropriation professionnelle des technologies de l'information et de la communication en contexte de dépendance politique : la spécificité de la co-construction de l'information de presse au Congo-Brazzaville (1963-2012)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946901.
Full textVilleneuve, Nadya, and Nadya Villeneuve. "Usages des contenus numériques en orientation scolaire et professionnelle auprès des élèves du secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37844.
Full textPlusieurs spécialistes de l’orientation interviennent auprès d’une population adolescente, caractérisée par son utilisation multiple et fréquente d’Internet et des médias sociaux (Thoër et Millerand, 2017; CEFRIO, 2017). Or, quoique les sites web et Facebook des écoles offrent un environnement scolaire numérique avec des possibilités pour l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle (OSP) auprès des jeunes, leur usage reste à ce jour relativement peu documenté. Notre recherche s’intéresse aux usages numériques en OSP en milieu scolaire. Autant le rôle de l’OSP au sein du Programme de formation de l’école québécoise (OCCOQ, 2013; MELS, 2007) que l’influence des interactions communautaires dans les intentions d’avenir des jeunes (Law, 1981) servent de cadre de référence pour comprendre ces usages. L’objectif principal de cette recherche qualitative est d’explorer les usages des sites web et Facebook en OSP au sein d’une commission scolaire francophone et de ses établissements d’enseignement secondaire au Québec. Treize sites web (547 éléments web) et treize sites Facebook (1531 publications) d’une commission scolaire ont fait l’objet d’une analyse documentaire rigoureuse. Les résultats de la recherche indiquent que, pour les sites web et les sites Facebook, l’OSP se fait rare, sous-exploite les possibilités qu’offrent les sites, vise une population principalement adulte et offre très peu de visibilité. Les analyses permettent de dégager trois principaux constats : l’OSP tirerait profit à occuper l’environnement numérique scolaire auprès des jeunes, les formateurs auraient avantage à offrir de l’accompagnement aux professionnels de l’orientation et les spécialistes de l’orientation auraient intérêt à adopter une posture éclairée devant l’usage du numérique.
Many school counsellors work with a youth population that makes varied and frequent use of the internet and social media (Thoër & Millerand, 2017; CEFRIO, 2017). Although web sites and Facebook available in schools offer young people a digital environment with possibilities for educational and career development (ECD), their utilization is not yet widely documented. Our research interest is the use of digital resources for ECD in the school environment. The role of ECD in the Quebec school system’s program of education (OCCOQ, 2013; MELS, 2007) as well as the influence of community interactions on young people’s plans for their future (Law, 1981) serve as terms of reference for understanding their use. The main objective of this qualitative research is to explore the use of web sites and Facebook for ECD in secondary schools in a Quebec French school board. Thirteen web sites (547 web elements) and thirteen Facebook sites (1531 publications) from one school board were the subject of a rigorous documentary analysis. The results of this research indicate that ECD is rare on websites and Facebook sites, that it underutilizes the potential of the sites, that it is directed mainly towards an adult population and that it has very little visibility. The analysis provides three main findings: ECD would benefit from occupying the digital environment available to young people, training should be available to accompany guidance professionals in their use of digital media and school counsellors should adopt a positive posture towards these methods and towards the digital environment.
Many school counsellors work with a youth population that makes varied and frequent use of the internet and social media (Thoër & Millerand, 2017; CEFRIO, 2017). Although web sites and Facebook available in schools offer young people a digital environment with possibilities for educational and career development (ECD), their utilization is not yet widely documented. Our research interest is the use of digital resources for ECD in the school environment. The role of ECD in the Quebec school system’s program of education (OCCOQ, 2013; MELS, 2007) as well as the influence of community interactions on young people’s plans for their future (Law, 1981) serve as terms of reference for understanding their use. The main objective of this qualitative research is to explore the use of web sites and Facebook for ECD in secondary schools in a Quebec French school board. Thirteen web sites (547 web elements) and thirteen Facebook sites (1531 publications) from one school board were the subject of a rigorous documentary analysis. The results of this research indicate that ECD is rare on websites and Facebook sites, that it underutilizes the potential of the sites, that it is directed mainly towards an adult population and that it has very little visibility. The analysis provides three main findings: ECD would benefit from occupying the digital environment available to young people, training should be available to accompany guidance professionals in their use of digital media and school counsellors should adopt a positive posture towards these methods and towards the digital environment.
Farag, Ahmed. "Les bibliothèques nationales face aux technologies de l'information et de la communication : étude de portails d'accès internet aux ressources documentaires et des services aux utilisateurs : aspects stratégiques." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30038.
Full textThis thesis aims at the study of the internet access portals. It puts in prospect the new services offered to the users for national libraries and wonders about certain numbers of strategic aspects of which especially the definition of the internet portals, the choice of the devices of information and communication, the question of the standardization of the numerical documents and their exchange, the development of the digital libraries. We were based on applications implemented in large libraries, the national Library of France, the national Library of Canada and the Library of the Congress, in particularOur work is also focused on the impact of the TIC on the internet portals of these libraries, in particular services and missions. Two essential problems were the discussion thread of the reflexion developed hereIn what the TIC implemented in a Internet portals will they will increase the capacities of services suggested by the libraries and, consequently, modify the prospects for them? How do the internet access portals optimise the access to the resources, not only electronic, but still conventional?
Jeandot, Chrystel. "Ce que l'information en continu fait à l'information. Le cas de BFMTV." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA156.
Full textIf 24-hour news channels today seem to constitute an established television genre, the type of information that they provide leaves many questions open concerning both the re-presentation of information and the latter’s very nature. Because the 24-hour news channel BFMTV incarnates those critical questions, it seems relevant, more than ten years after its creation, to examine the model of information that it provides. Moreover, in the context of media convergence, this channel is now transmitted on several platforms that evolve according to the user's practices and existing technical possibilities. This fact leads to a further examination of how the channel develops a relationship, through its technical possibilities, with its users. Deploying a pragmatic approach, this thesis aims to achieve a better understanding of what is at stake in continuous news cycles and also of the impact that the latter have on information in general
Cissé, Hadj Bangali. "La presse écrite sénégalaise en ligne : enjeux, usages et appropriation des technologies de l'information et de la communication par les journalistes (1980-2008)." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ010L/document.
Full textThe emergence of digital networks within professional environment continues to provoke some questions with regards to the functioning of press corporations. Journalists, who meet with technological changes, are not the only ones whose prerogatives are the production and broadcasting of the media. Their professional identity is put to the test when applied to the context of the social and economic environments, thus they are seeking solutions to the globalization of the media. Senegal is no exception to this process of digital media with the coming out of the on-line newspapers which try to adapt to the on-line publication and therefore are based on the social and economic environment of Senegal and the demands of the modern world. Discussions about information and communication technologies are subject to divided opinions, particulary between the optimistic view which perpetuates the ideology of the liberal capitalistic system and the pessimistic view emphasizing social and cultural aspects. The understanding and meanings of social actions are the main objectives of this thesis, the aim of which is to analyse the representations and theories of the Senegalese on-line press within a socio-discursive scope. Based on this comprehensive Weberian sociology, the on-line press in Senegal will be studied through economics and politics in order to reveal the local cultural experiments at work. Through the everyday life of social actors we will try to emphasize their appropriation and use of the media. The existing social logics observed by means of indicators of these actors’ behaviours will determine the specificities of the Senegalese on-line press
Trigui, Meziou Thouraya. "Comportement des petits et moyens cabinets d'expertise comptable envers les technologies de l'information et de la communication : essai d'observation et d'interprétation." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20148.
Full textTwo fundamental objectives are behind our research. The first one is to discover and describe the Internet usage by Chartered Accountants, managers of SMAFs in their professional environment, in order to reject or to confirm the assumption of possible “technological determination”. The second objective is to identify the explanatory factors which may affect the observed practices. The empirical survey conducted into 283 Chartered Accountants reveals that: Far from being an homogeneous group, we found that Chartered Accountants appropriate Internet differently. A cluster analysis has been applied and three profiles of Chartered Accountants have emerged based on their Internet use: “the specialists”, “the pragmatics” and “the followers”. There is no single factor, whether individual or organisational which explain the wide variety of the observed practices, there are however some intermediary tendencies involving both individual & organisational determinants
Chatelain, Yannick. "!ResisTanZ! : hackeurs, les maquisards de l'innovation ! : management de l'innovation, Internet et déviance, apprendre... /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41467055h.
Full textMekki, Kaïs. "Gestion de l'information embarquée dans des matériaux communicants à l'aide de protocoles de réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0034/document.
Full textA new Internet of Things area is coming with communicating materials, which are able to provide diverse functionalities to users all along the product lifecycle. As example, it can track its own evolution which leads to gather helpful information. This new paradigm is fulfilled via the integration of specific electronic components into the product material. In this thesis, ultra-small wireless sensor nodes are used for concrete precast field. Indeed, storage of lifecycle information and data dissemination in communicating materials are very important issues. Therefore, this thesis provides a new protocol (USEE) for storing data by a systematic dissemination through the integrated sensor nodes. It guarantees that information could be retrieved in each piece of the concrete by intelligently managing data replication among each neighborhood of the sensor network. The protocol considers in the same set uniformity storage in the whole network, the data importance level, and the resource constraints of sensor nodes. Then, another new data retrieval protocol (RaWPG) is developed to extract the stored information. Castalia/OMNeT++ simulator is used to evaluate the performances of the proposed protocols
Bernard, Éric. "Le déploiement des infrastructures Internet en Afrique de l'Ouest." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30084.
Full textThe study of the development of Internet infrastructure makes it possible to define the incorporation of a territory within the globalization process. In West Africa, the territorial development of this network shows a real dynamism, already in existence, which allows some West African places to be connected to the worldwide information flow. There is however some missing links to the grid, with significant differences between the countries, but also within the national territories themselves. The development of the network in West Africa now encounters multiple constraints (geographical, technical, political and economic) in several scales. Consequently, the limited place occupied by the West African countries in the governance of the technical system of the Internet, therefore becomes a major obstacle to both the development of the network itself within these territories as well as to their enhaced integration into the global system
Goury, Marie-Lyne. "Le rôle des technologies de l'information dans le processus de gestion de connaissances et des communautés de pratiques." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21011.
Full textIn addition to the apparent strategic objectives of the knowledge management, we notice shifts between the theory and the tools deployed in companies. The most striking gap is concerning the practices which are often compared to those of knowledge management (KM) but which are almost exclusively limited to the deployment and the use of technological tools. In this research, we stressed this technological paradox related to the knowledge management. On one hand, the communication et information technologies (CIT) seem necessary to support KM steps but on the other hand their role appears limited within the communities of practice (CoP). Our research intends to answer the following question: What is the role of information technology (IT) in the knowledge management process used by communities of practice? Based on a thorough longitudinal study of a case related to the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Grenoble, research shows the temporal impact of the CIT on the knowledge management process of several professional communities of practice. Initially structuring for the CoP, the CIT helped later on to spread the the knowledge within the communities in the second time and their role evolved to a moderate but essential support of the processes of application and creation of knowledge. The interest of our work is to increase the comprehension of the relation between technology and individuals in order to improve, within the organizations, the creation and the transfert of knowledge
Miribel, Frédéric G. Le Bas Christian. "Impacts of information technology on labor productivity a regional panel analysis of the United States, 1977-1997 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/miribel_f.
Full textLacroix, Emmanuel. "Internet et la communication locale : le cas de l'image des villes d'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020091.
Full textLasch, Frank. "La création d'entreprises dans le secteur des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) en France." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30028.
Full textThe present doctoral thesis is responding to the key role that new firms in information and communication technologies (ICT) keep in our contemporary society and their importance for the regional economies. The analysis focuses on the measuring of the firm birth rates in the 348 working areas in France and the key factors that determine the survival and the success of the young firms. Designing the regional policies is vain without a deeper knowledge of the regional firm birth process in its different aspects. The analysis of the economic environment identifies a number of key variables influencing positively the regional ICT firm birth rates: precedent population growth, presence of big firms, number of ICT-firms (proximity effects, informal information flow) and the role of the regional R&D-infrastructure. Proximity effects, economies of localization confirm the important role of formal and informal regional networks (“milieu”). Secondly, the socio-economic factors (structure of the firm and human capital of the founder) and their importance for the success of the new firms was analyzed. Three explanatory main fields were identified: knowledge and competence of the founder, structure of the firm at the beginning of its activities and the positive externalities of the local working area. The key result of the study is that without a deeper knowledge both of the determinants of ICT-firm birth rates and both of the key factors of the success of the new firms, the aid and promotion risk to be less efficient. The structural analysis of the ICT sector shows also that the new firms of this branch need to be evaluated and aided separately and in a very specific and adapted manner, different to non innovative, “traditional”, enterprises. Moreover, the aid of the creation, to be efficient, has to consider more intensely the differences between the principal branches inside the ICT sector. The question is to take conscience of the specificity and complexity of the of the ICT sector for an improved design of policies, strategies and infrastructure, considering the diversity of situations in the firm birth process and the development of the ICT firms
Kocergin, Sofija. "Internet à la recherche d'un modèle socio-économique : Portail : une perspective viable ?" Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131025.
Full textThe present thesis examines the components of an original socio-economic organizational model specific to the Internet which is represented through portals. The study considers various attempts at Internet services market structuring in the time period between 1993 and 2004. The core assumption is that a socio-economic model of the Internet is based on the concept of the one-stop service-provider. The crucial function of the Internet, namely that of intermediator, is carried out either by "metamediators" operating in an integrated and proprietary environment based on access and guidance resources or by "inframediators" specializing in mediation resources. The prescriber function, aggregating content and service providers function, concentration of revenues function, access function, as well as trusted third-party function are developed individually by these two categories of market players. In either case, a specific socio-economic organization emerges
Rey, Bénédicte. "La privacy à l'ère du numérique : une gestion par les tensions." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H063.
Full textThe massive diffusion of information technology and of the Internet, of the mobile phone and of other communicating technologies produce lots of digital traces which keep the memory of people's acts. Some see in these changes the opportunity to increase security, Customer relationship management or comfort in everyday life. But some other fear the advent of a surveillance society in which privacy would erode. We examine here what privacy in the digital age means, and how the technological changes, but also services and uses changes unhinge the traditional privacy acceptation based on norms. Privacy problems predate the digital era. But somme changes nowadays harden privacy problems and call into question the way these problems are responded to. The wide scope of digital information and its accessibility affects privacy risks, which become difficult to pre-empt. Crises analysis shows that privacy reflexion shall from now on go in for complementary ways that should be easygoing for people to use them
Maes, Arnaud. "Intervention du triptyque communauté virtuelle, multinationales et techniques d'information et de communication sur la communication virtuelle des masses : enjeux et stratégie de gouvernance de l'internet et rôle des TIC dans la co-régulation société civile et multinationales marchandes : étude de cas : sportmalin.com, le site communautaire d'e-commerce des sports et des loisirs en France." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32026.
Full textThe increasing of ICT accentuates the phenomenon of the virtual communities. Rather privileging the social aspect more than the technological aspect, the aim of this thesis is to understand communication and organization in these communities. The ground problem has been to study this increasing phenomenon in a community context. The investigations then focused on the analysis of a community site of e-business in sports awarded by numerous innovation prizes as model of a community constitution: sportmalin. Com. Therefore from a theoretical point of view, it is necessary to understand the ICT as “communicational actefacts”. The principal interest was to reveal that the community phenomenon mainly results from a mediation between three antinomic objects of the system but nevertheless linked together : the community technical tools, the mercantile stakes and the will of the members to share and exchange their knowledge. The survey led during twenty months teaches us that an adequacy is possible between a mercantile and a community problematics. Just like a cog of a system, every part (virtual communities, community tools, the ICT, marketing initiative and the multinationals) completes the other as well as remaining dependent with the others. The analysis grants that the whole phenomenon of virtual community is the sole result of strategy of actors and rational choices. Although the virtual communities seem to be the product of deliberately coordinated efforts of a set of actors, the human factor is the unstable variable of this community system. The conclusion of this research reveals that the “ virtual commercial community ”, such as we are going to describe it in this study, establishes the universal model of any virtual community artefact
Poupard, Juliette. "De l'individualisation de masse à l'industrialisation de la commercialisation via les TIC : L'utilisation de l'information par les sites web marchands." Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39007.
Full textZeltzer, Murielle. "Les enjeux d'Internet face à la mobilisation citoyenne, dans le cadre d'une étude identitaire du sujet et de son rapport au virtuel." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
Find full textDuhaut, Nicolas. "Nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication et modernisation du service public : les relations administratives dans la branche Famille de la Sécurité sociale." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30012.
Full textGu, Wei. "Robustness against interference in Internet of Things." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10195/document.
Full textInternet of Things brought great interests in recent years for its attractive applications and intelligent structure. However, the implementation of sensor networks still presents important challenges such as the generation of Multiple-Access-Interference (MAI) with impulsive nature and the relatively high energy consumption. Both the MAI and the thermal noise should be considered due to their strong impairments each may cause on the communication quality. We employ the stable and Gaussian distributions to model the MAI and the thermal noise respectively. Firstly we study the performance of turbo codes in the direct link and we propose the p-norm as a decoding metric. This metric allows a considerable error correction performance improvement which is close to the optimal decoder. Then we investigate cooperative communications. The probability densities in the decision statistic of the optimal receiver are estimated using importance sampling approach when both the stable and Gaussian noises are present. Such a method is computationally expensive. Hence we develop an approximation approach based on the Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution. This solution is efficient for calculation and is proximate to the optimal receiver. In addition we show that the p-norm receiver has robust performance no matter what kind of noise is dominant. At last we combine the channel coding and cooperative communication works to establish a distributed channel coding strategy. Through some simulation assessments, the energy saving strategy can be realized by choosing an appropriate distributed channel coding scheme based on the direct link quality and target bit error rate
Mutzl, Johanna. ""Die Macht von Dreien..." : Medienhexen und moderne Fangemeinschaften, Bedeutungskonstruktionen im Internet /." Bielefeld : Transcript, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/487538110.pdf.
Full textGhetty, Cédric. "L' influence informationnelle des communautés virtuelles dans la décision individuelle de consommation." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32056.
Full textToday, the large virtual communities presence on Internet leads to wonder about new way for the customers information acquisition. The main purpose of this research is to understand the informational role of the virtual communities and its influence on a website customer group. In order to answer to this issue, an empirical study based on a product category considered as experience goods (video game) is conducted in collaboration with jeuxvideo. Com website. The quantitative methodology allowed us to obtain a sample of 3622 respondents. For the analysis we use the structural equation modelling. This work proposes to distinguish the results between virtual community members and non members. The main contributions of this work point out the meta information importance on information acquisition through virtual communities. The research shows also the influence of a positive attitude toward virtual communities’ informational value on judgment of the website virtual communities information. Finally, this study demonstrates the importance of virtual communities informational role on influencing on purchase intention. Keywords: Virtual communities of consumption and experience, attitude toward informational value, meta-information, experience goods, electronic word of mouth (WOM)
Mounkala, Jean-Robert. "Le Commerce électronique : enjeux économique, culturel et spatial : thèse." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2005.
Full textMakanga, Bala Martial Pépin. "Le Gabon et la question de la societé de l'information. Approche spatiale des réseaux et des enjeux géopolitiques des technologies de la communication." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521429.
Full textMedoukh, Ziad. "Internet et l'enseignement du français en Palestine : défi ou nécessité ?" Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152362304#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textFrench language learning in the Near East, and in particular the Gaza Strip in Palestine, is more than just a theoretical exercise in that it also serves a number of practical purposes. It provides young Palestinians with access to the outside world through the Internet, allows them to stay in touch with the French-speaking world and offers them prospects for the future against a background of imprisonment and blockade that is not conducive to creation of an optimum learning environment. The Internet as a tool for learning is therefore central to our research. This multimedia platform provides a common thread interlinking all the issues we currently face. There are several different teaching sites providing specific expertise, such as the Francophone digital campuses at Aleppo and Damascus or the Francophone resource centre at Gaza, which can be tapped through the Internet. The problem is that funding sources are uncoordinated and that initiatives and programs are not always properly matched. The Internet therefore also has to meet practical expectations in terms of co-operation between the different universities in the region (Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine or Syria). How can we transform the Internet into a core element of the Palestinian educational and pedagogical system in order to create a rigorous and targeted framework for teaching French as a foreign language to students in the region? These are the main lines of investigation which have informed our research and which have provided a basis for formulating solutions. This thesis examines this issue from a two-fold perspective, namely the construction of a teaching environment in a way that takes due account of a social, political and educational reality
Wame, Baba. "Internet au Cameroun : les usages et les usagers : Essai sur l'adoption des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans un pays en voie de développement." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020079.
Full textBadach-Allouche, Corinne. ""Psychothérapie" sur Internet ? : Contribution à une réflexion psychanalytique sur les nouvelles formes de communication." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE2020.
Full textInfluenced by the speech of the science which maintains illusion that “all is possible” and erases any trace of negativity, the postmodern subject lost direction of limits and castration symbolic. In our individualistic society where all must go even faster, even further, the “dubious individual” finds himself only vis-a-vis his responsibilities. In “breakdown of the Other”, in search of direction and reference mark, it lets appear signs of brittleness. Thus were born from new forms of expression of the suffering and new pathologies such as the cyberdépendance and the contemporary depression. This work of psychoanalytical inspiration tries to show that Internet is revealing post-modern subject and in particular in terms of depression. Through some clinical cases, the author tries to explain the fascination of the Net surfer for the sites of psychology and theirs babillards electronic. In the light of the psychoanalytical approach, this work analyzes the suffering of the participants like a social symptom of faintness. This contemporary depression calls contemporary answers but is this virtual place of communication which evacuates the place of the subject, refusal reality and grants a dominating place to the imaginary one, one of these answers? This work proposes to reflect on the methods of a virtual clinic
Mihoub, Samia. "Dynamiques d'appropriation/réappropriation des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (T. I. C. ) dans un contexte arabo-islamique : le cas de la Tunisie." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070029.
Full textThis research intends to demonstrate the dynamics of Tunisian appropriation of the Internet through the so-called "Publinets" which are structures of public access to Internet facilities. The case of Tunisia is considered in this research in his Arabic and Islamic dimensions. Ln fact, the arab-islamic sphere presents a particularly complex ,context of "graft" of Internet due to political, social and cultural constraints. However, Internet arises rush and "fascination" among the populations. The network portrays itself like a means of self-affirmation, existence and "exteriorisation". But, Tunisia as well as other arab-islamic countries are not the only to expect much from the Internet and to learn about the disadvantages of the worldly network. The dream of developing countries to realise a technological advance by joining to the society of information nourishes a technological imagination developed largely since the independences. Between dream and reality, Internet ends-up to play a mythical role in the mind of one another
Bedda, Mohamed Moncef. "Le cyberjournalisme en Tunisie (1998-2002)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30027.
Full textCyber journalism is a rather recent discipline. In the opinion of numerous specialists, it is still not well defined. In Tunisia, it is almost absent in spite of the colossal investments in the field of Technologies of Information and Communication. Certainly, on-line newspapers exist, but these are generally versions of the paper newspapers. The resources of the TIC, in multimedia, interactivity, spontaneity, updating are not used enough. There is on the other hand the web has been flooded by Internet users opposed to President Ben Ali's regime. For lack of an appropriate legal framework, the cyber journalist possesses neither status nor specific salary. This deficit is due to the crisis situation in the information sector finds itself, marked by censorship, auto censorship and a quasi-total absence of freedom of expression. The control and the locking of sites belonging to the opponents of the regime contributed to the growth of a two speed society, overdeveloped technologically, but atrophied concerning the applications involving the information sector
Audran, Jacques. "Influences réciproques relatives à l'usage des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication par les acteurs de l'école. Le cas des sites Web des écoles primaires françaises." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342534.
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