Journal articles: 'Technology CNS'

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Wang, Hui, Xian-Feng Lin, Li-Ren Wang, Yi-Qian Lin, Jiang-Tao Wang, Wen-Yue Liu, Gui-Qi Zhu, Martin Braddock, Ming Zhong, and Ming-Hua Zheng. "Decellularization technology in CNS tissue repair." Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 15, no. 5 (March 27, 2015): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2015.1030735.

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Vesikansa, Aino. "Unraveling of Central Nervous System Disease Mechanisms Using CRISPR Genome Manipulation." Journal of Central Nervous System Disease 10 (January 1, 2018): 117957351878746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179573518787469.

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The complex structure and highly variable gene expression profile of the brain makes it among the most challenging fields to study in both basic and translational biological research. Most of the brain diseases are multifactorial and despite the rapidly increasing genomic data, molecular pathways and causal links between genes and central nervous system (CNS) diseases are largely unknown. The advent of an easy and flexible CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology has rapidly revolutionized the field of functional genomics and opened unprecedented possibilities to dissect the mechanisms of CNS disease. CRISPR-Cas allows a plenitude of applications for both gene-focused and genome-wide approaches, ranging from original “gene scissors” making permanent modifications in the genome to the regulation of gene expression and epigenetics. CRISPR technology provides a unique opportunity to establish new cellular and animal models of CNS diseases and holds potential for breakthroughs in the CNS research and drug development.

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Harno, Erika, Elizabeth C. Cottrell, and Anne White. "Metabolic Pitfalls of CNS Cre-Based Technology." Cell Metabolism 18, no. 1 (July 2013): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.05.019.

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Wang, Zhi, Shu-Na Wang, Tian-Ying Xu, Zhu-Wei Miao, Ding-Feng Su, and Chao-Yu Miao. "Organoid technology for brain and therapeutics research." CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 23, no. 10 (September 7, 2017): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cns.12754.

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Trülzsch, Barbara, and Matthew Wood. "Applications of nucleic acid technology in the CNS." Journal of Neurochemistry 88, no. 2 (December 23, 2003): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02153.x.

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Minh, Vu Trieu, Mart Tamre, Victor Musalimov, Pavel Kovalenko, Irina Rubinshtein, Ivan Ovchinnikov, David Krcmarik, Reza Moezzi, and Jaroslav Hlava. "Model Predictive Control for Modeling Human Gait Motions Assisted by Vicon Technology." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 5 (November 15, 2020): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530501.

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Human muscles and the central nervous system (CNS) play the key role to control the human movements and activities. The human CNS determines each human motion following three steps: estimation of the movement trajectory; calculation of required energy for muscles; then perform the motion. In these three step tasks, the human CNS determines the first two steps and the human muscles conduct the third one. This paper efforts the use of model predictive control (MPC) algorithm to simulate the human CNS calculation in the case of gait motion. We first build up the human gait motion mathematical model with 5-link mechanism. This allows us to apply MPC to calculate the optimal torques at each joint and optimal trajectory for muscles. Outcomes of simulations simultaneously are compared with the real human movements captured by the Vicon motion capture technology which is the novelty of this study. Results show that tracking errors are not excessed 7%.

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Wang, Xiaoxiao, Yan Gao, Changguo Shan, Mingyao Lai, Haixia He, Bing Bai, Li-qin Ping, et al. "Association of Circulating Tumor DNA from the Cerebrospinal Fluid with High-Risk CNS Involvement in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134804.

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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement have dismal outcomes. The detection sensitivity of conventional diagnosis of lymphoma through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology (CC) and flow cytometry (FCM) is restricted. CSF-ctDNA has shown to be an important method of liquid biopsy in patients with CNS cancers. To assess the correlation between CSF-ctDNA and CNS involvement in DLBCL, targeted mutational profiling was performed on CSF- and plasma -derived ctDNA together with matched systemic tumor tissues in 67 DLBCL patients clinically diagnosed as high risk for CNS relapse, using a validated panel of more than 400 genes. We found that ctDNA concentration in CSF but not in plasma correlated with CNS-IPI score in DLBCL patients. In CSF-positive high-risk DLBCL patients, eighty-six gene alterations(GAs) were shared between tumor tissue and CSF while ninety-five were shared between tumor tissue and plasma. Interestingly, forty-eight GAs(CSF-CNS GAs) were identified including 24 GAs exclusively in CSF and 24GAs shared by plasma which enriched in apoptosis/cell cycle related pathway and immunity-related pathway. To better screen for CNS-related molecular features in CSF, GAs in brain tumor tissue and CSF from a PCNSL-DLBCL cohort of 10 patients were sequenced and compared to that in high-risk group. Moreover, GAs in tumor samples from an additional cohort of 40 DLBCL patients clinically diagnosed as low-risk for CNS relapse were sequenced and compared to that in high-risk group to screen out non-CNS-related features. The number of alterations in five CSF-CNS genes including BTG2, PIM1, DUSP2, ETV6, CXCR4 in CSF was found to be associated with CNS risk in DLBCL patients. Our data supported the feasibility of using CSF-ctDNA as a complementary source for early detection of CNS involvement in DLBCL. The association between GAs in five CSF-CNS genes and CNS involvement deserved further investigation to determine their relevance in patient treatment and outcome. Disclosures Yu: Geneseeq Technology Inc: Current Employment. Ou:Geneseeq Technology Inc: Current Employment. Wang:Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc: Current Employment. Shao:Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc: Current Employment.

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Smirniotopoulos, J. G. "4228 CNS trauma." Journal de Radiologie 87, no. 10 (October 2006): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(06)86636-9.

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ENGELHARDT, K. G. "Current Status and Future Prospects for Robotic Technology in Health Care Delivery." Central Nervous System Trauma 3, no. 1 (January 1986): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cns.1986.3.111.

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Jozwiak, Andrzej, Yiwen Liu, Ying Yang, and Monte A. Gates. "Development of a Stereotaxic Device for Low Impact Implantation of Neural Constructs or Pieces of Neural Tissues into the Mammalian Brain." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/651236.

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Implanting pieces of tissue or scaffolding material into the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is wrought with difficulties surrounding the size of tools needed to conduct such implants and the ability to maintain the orientation and integrity of the constructs during and after their transplantation. Here, novel technology has been developed that allows for the implantation of neural constructs or intact pieces of neural tissue into the CNS with low trauma. By “laying out” (instead of forcibly expelling) the implantable material from a thin walled glass capillary, this technology has the potential to enhance neural transplantation procedures by reducing trauma to the host brain during implantation and allowing for the implantation of engineered/dissected tissues or constructs in such a way that their orientation and integrity are maintained in the host. Such technology may be useful for treating various CNS disorders which require the reestablishment of point-to-point contacts (e.g., Parkinson’s disease) across the adult CNS, an environment which is not normally permissive to axonal growth.

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Saxena, Shailendra K., Sneham Tiwari, and Madhavan PN Nair. "Nanotherapeutics: emerging competent technology in neuroAIDS and CNS drug delivery." Nanomedicine 7, no. 7 (July 2012): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm.12.63.

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Visted, Therese, Rolf Bjerkvig, and Per Øyvind Enger. "Cell encapsulation technology as a therapeutic strategy for CNS malignancies." Neuro-Oncology 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/3.3.201.

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Visted, T. "Cell encapsulation technology as a therapeutic strategy for CNS malignancies." Neuro-Oncology 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15228517-3-3-201.

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Bidwell, Nicola J. "Rural Uncommoning." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 28, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3445793.

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Shared use of small-scale natural commons is vital to the livelihoods of billions of rural inhabitants, particularly women, and advocates propose that local telecommunications systems that are oriented by the commons can close rural connectivity gaps. This article extends insights about women's exclusion from such Community Networks (CNs) by considering ‘commoning’, or practices that produce, reproduce and use the commons and create communality. I generated data in interviews and observations of rural CNs in seven countries in the Global South and in multi-sited ethnography of international advocacy for CNs. Male biases in technoculture and rural governance limit women's participation in CNs, and women adopt different approaches to performing their communal identity while using technology. This situation contributes to detaching CNs from relations that are produced in women's commoning. It also illustrates processes that co-opt the commons in rural technology endeavours and the diverse ways commoners express their subjectivities in response.

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Sajjad, Azeem, Adeleso Adesina, Penelope Halkiadakis, Kelsey Murphy, Kathleen Mulligan, Collin Labak, Olindi Wijesekera, and Tiffany Hodges. "OTHR-04. Gynecological Malignancies With Metastasis To The Central Nervous System: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_3 (August 1, 2021): iii15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab071.059.

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Abstract Introduction Gynecologic malignancies are an increasingly common proportion of central nervous system metastatic disease. As genetic sequencing technology improves and becomes more accessible, mutations associated with CNS metastasis are easier to elucidate. The aims of this case series and systematic literature review are to describe the patient population with CNS metastatic disease from a gynecologic primary, and to investigate why the proportion of CNS metastasis from gynecologic malignancies is increasing. Ultimately, we hope to improve understanding of this subset of metastatic CNS malignancies and improve management strategies. Methods A literature review of articles describing patients from 1990–2020 who were diagnosed with CNS metastasis from a known gynecologic primary malignancy was performed. Demographics, cancer type, mutation characteristics, management for metastatic disease, progression free survival, number of CNS metastases, and location of metastatic disease were assessed. Inclusion criteria were age>18 years, diagnosis of primary ovarian, uterine, or cervical cancer with confirmed metastatic disease to the CNS, including brain parenchyma, leptomeninges, or intradural spinal cord or dural metastases. Exclusion criteria included pediatric population and bony metastases (e.g., bony spine metastases without evidence of meningeal/parenchymal invasion). Results Our review showed that patients with gynecological metastasis to the CNS generally have worse outcomes regarding overall survival, progression free survival, and quality of life than patients without CNS metastasis. Discussion Our results infer that the reported increase in incidence of CNS metastasis from gynecologic malignancies is a reflection of improvement of detection given advances in technology, improved patient follow up, and increased overall survival of patients with gynecologic malignancies. Further characterization of mutations from gynecologic malignancies associated with brain metastasis could result in development of more treatment options for patients in the future and help determine factors that contribute to developing metastasis to the CNS of various degrees, thus, potentially inform treatment strategies.

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Dong, Xiaomin, Yanan You, and Jia Qian Wu. "Building an RNA Sequencing Transcriptome of the Central Nervous System." Neuroscientist 22, no. 6 (July 7, 2016): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858415610541.

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The composition and function of the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely complex. In addition to hundreds of subtypes of neurons, other cell types, including glia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and vascular cells (endothelial cells and pericytes) also play important roles in CNS function. Such heterogeneity makes the study of gene transcription in CNS challenging. Transcriptomic studies, namely the analyses of the expression levels and structures of all genes, are essential for interpreting the functional elements and understanding the molecular constituents of the CNS. Microarray has been a predominant method for large-scale gene expression profiling in the past. However, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology developed in recent years has many advantages over microarrays, and has enabled building more quantitative, accurate, and comprehensive transcriptomes of the CNS and other systems. The discovery of novel genes, diverse alternative splicing events, and noncoding RNAs has remarkably expanded the complexity of gene expression profiles and will help us to understand intricate neural circuits. Here, we discuss the procedures and advantages of RNA-Seq technology in mammalian CNS transcriptome construction, and review the approaches of sample collection as well as recent progress in building RNA-Seq-based transcriptomes from tissue samples and specific cell types.

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Dilshad, M., and LJ Peel. "Evaluation of the USDA curve number method for agricultural catchments in the Australian semi-arid tropics." Soil Research 32, no. 4 (1994): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940673.

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The USDA-SCS curve number method (5 day antecedent rainfall version) was evaluated using rainfall and runoff data from four catchments at the Douglas-Daly Research Farm, 250 km S.W. of Darwin. These catchments were rotational cropped with maize and soybeans using either conventional or no-till technology. Optimized curve numbers (CNs) were calculated for each catchment and crop type for the various 5 day antecedent rainfall conditions (ARC) by using a grid-based statistical technique known as the Marquardt-Levenberg method. Significance levels (SL) of 0.05 or less were regarded as significant throughout. The curve number method (CNM) was able to describe significant levels of variation in observed rainfall and runoff data. By using optimized curve numbers, the CNM significantly explained up to 98% of the variation in data. Results showed that crop type and soil conservation bank spacing as individual factors had minor or no effect on optimized CNs, and hence on the ability of the CNM to predict runoff. Cropping technology and ARC, however, had a very strong influence on optimized CNs. Optimized CNs obtained in this study provide best estimates of CNs for use on commercial cropping catchments in the region.

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Han, Guansheng, Fei Xiong, Yu Zhou, Leibo Song, and Xingkai Wang. "Research Progress on Shear Characteristics of Rock Joints under Constant Normal Stiffness Boundary Conditions." Shock and Vibration 2021 (September 1, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9670151.

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The constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary condition is more representative for the underground engineering, in which the shear-induced dilation is restricted by surrounding rocks, resulting in an increase in the normal stress. Therefore, the use of CNS boundary conditions in the research of shear-slip failure of underground rock engineering is more in line with the actual situation. Taking the instability and failure of surrounding rock in underground engineering as the background, the present study introduces the engineering background of CNS boundary conditions and the research progress on shear characteristics of rock joints under CNS boundary conditions. Three key directions for future research are proposed based on the latest research results of shear characteristics of rock joint under CNS boundary conditions: ① developing a rock joint shear test system that can realize the function of “CNS boundary conditions + shear-seepage test + visualization”; ② carrying out the shear tests of real rock joints under CNS boundary conditions based on 3D scanning and 3D carving technology; and ③ carrying out the shear tests of rock joint network under CNS boundary conditions.

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朱, 海. "Study on High-Precision Horizontal Reference Construction Technology of INS/CNS." Dynamical Systems and Control 09, no. 04 (2020): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/dsc.2020.94019.

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Zhao, Wangyang, Gaoling Song, Lingfeng Zhou, Kai Wang, and Juzhong Liu. "Study on Shafting Calibration Technology of INS/CNS Integrated Navigation System." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 768 (March 31, 2020): 042012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/768/4/042012.

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Fortin, David. "Drug Delivery Technology to the CNS in the Treatment of Brain Tumors: The Sherbrooke Experience." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11050248.

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Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge in neuro-oncology. Despite decades of research in this field, no consensus has emerged as to the best approach to tackle this physiological limitation. Moreover, the relevance of doing so is still sometimes questioned in the community. In this paper, we present our experience with CNS delivery strategies that have been developed in the laboratory and have made their way to the clinic in a continuum of translational research. Using the intra-arterial (IA) route as an avenue to deliver chemotherapeutics in the treatment of brain tumors, complemented by an osmotic breach of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in specific situations, we have developed over the years a comprehensive research effort on this specialized topic. Looking at pre-clinical work supporting the rationale for this approach, and presenting results discussing the safety of the strategy, as well as results obtained in the treatment of malignant gliomas and primary CNS lymphomas, this paper intends to comprehensively summarize our work in this field.

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Becher, Mark W. "Practical Neuropathology Synoptic Reporting for Central Nervous System Tumors." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0193-ra.1.

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AbstractContext.—Synoptic reporting for central nervous system (CNS) tumors has never been formally addressed, and neuropathologists lack practical templates that they can adapt to their laboratory information system to be compliant with College of American Pathologists (CAP) standards.Objectives.—To provide practical synoptic report templates designed for CNS tumors that allow for easy data extraction and CAP compliance and improve the reporting of CNS tumors.Data Sources.—Review of literature and synoptic report format experience in our practice.Conclusions.—Synoptic reporting of required elements is a recently introduced standard for CNS tumors. It is difficult to use a universal non-CNS tumor synoptic report template for CNS tumors because they are heavily weighted to include items not important or required for CNS tumors, such as margins and the TNM classification system. In addition, the CAP CNS protocol, published in 2008, is an immense comprehensive document that is not conducive to simple inclusion in a narrative report. We describe our experience using a synoptic template for CNS tumors that includes all required elements, is tailored to the practice of neuropathology, and can easily be adapted to other laboratory information systems. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of CNS tumor diagnoses, neuropathologists typically collect clinical, demographic, and imaging data on all CNS tumor cases. These data can readily be entered into a primary synoptic report that could replace our standard narrative report.

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Sim, Tao Ming, Dinesh Tarini, S. Thameem Dheen, Boon Huat Bay, and Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan. "Nanoparticle-Based Technology Approaches to the Management of Neurological Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (August 23, 2020): 6070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176070.

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Neurological disorders are the most devastating and challenging diseases associated with the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the brain and contributes towards the maintenance of a very delicate microenvironment, impairing the transport of many therapeutics into the CNS and making the management of common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), exceptionally complicated. Nanoparticle (NP) technology offers a platform for the design of tissue-specific drug carrying systems owing to its versatile and modifiable nature. The prospect of being able to design NPs capable of successfully crossing the BBB, and maintaining a high drug bioavailability in neural parenchyma, has spurred much interest in the field of nanomedicine. NPs, which also come in an array of forms including polymeric NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), quantum dots and liposomes, have the flexibility of being conjugated with various macromolecules, such as surfactants to confer the physical or chemical property desired. These nanodelivery strategies represent potential novel and minimally invasive approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological disorders. Most of the strategies revolve around the ability of the NPs to cross the BBB via various influx mechanisms, such as adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), targeting specific biomarkers or lesions unique to that pathological condition, thereby ensuring high tissue-specific targeting and minimizing off-target side effects. In this article, insights into common neurological disorders and challenges of delivering CNS drugs due to the presence of BBB is provided, before an in-depth review of nanoparticle-based theranostic strategies.

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Omta, Onno, Jacques Trienekens, and George Beers. "The knowledge domain of chain and network science." Journal on Chain and Network Science 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2001): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2001.x007.

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This editorial paper aims to provide a framework to categorise and evaluate the domain of Chain and Network Science (CNS), and to provide an envelope for the research and management agenda. The authors strongly feel that although considerable progress has been made over the past couple of years in the development of the CNS domain, a number of important and exciting challenges are still waiting to be tackled. This paper provides a definition of the object of study of CNS, its central problem area, the organisation and governance of chain and network co-operation, and the relationships between chain organisation and technology development, market dynamics, and the economy and society at large. It indicates relevant sources of knowledge among the various academic disciplines. It touches upon CNS problem solving by identifying areas for knowledge development and CNS tool construction.

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Roberts, Mitchell, Orli Kehat, Michaela Gross, Nethanel Lasri, Gil Issachar, Erica Sappington VandeWeerd, Ziv Peremen, and Amir Geva. "TECHNOLOGY TRANSLATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUALITY OF LIFE AND MEMORY USING A NOVEL EEG TECHNOLOGY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S331—S332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1207.

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Abstract Existing research has postulated a relationship between cognition and quality of life (QoL). Components of QoL such as satisfaction with social support may be particularly influential in memory for those with comorbidities. Additional research is needed to characterize the relationship between memory and QoL domains. Findings are presented from a clinical trial using BNA memory scores to assess brain health. BNA uses EEG technology and machine learning to map networks of brain functioning including working memory. Participants were older adults living in The Villages, an active lifestyle community in Florida, between the ages of 55-85, from 8/30/2017-3/11/2019. Participants were stratified into 2 groups: healthy (no CNS/psychiatric conditions; n=158) and multi-morbid (>1 CNS and/or psychiatric conditions; n=106) and compared across memory and QoL indicators. Subjective QoL was measured by the WHOQOL-BREF across 4 domains (physical, psychological, social, environmental). Scores on QoL domains were divided into 3 levels (high-medium-low) and tested for their relationship to BNA memory scores using ANOVA. Results indicate a relationship between health status, subjective QoL and BNA memory scores. Healthy subjects who scored high in the psychological QoL domain had significantly higher memory scores [F(2,152)=4.30,p=.02)]. In healthy subjects, satisfaction with social support (p=.001) had the strongest impact on memory for social QoL, while body image (p=.06) and concentration (p=.06) were the most salient predictors of psychological QoL and approached significance. Multi-morbid subjects who indicated high social ratings had higher memory scores (F(2,100)=3.75,p=.03) which relied heavily on satisfaction with social support (p=.003). Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

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Ahn, Chang-Kuk, Cheong-woon Kang, Jai-Hyoung Park, and Seong Taek Rim. "An application of human performance technology: A case study at LG CNS." Journal of Service Science 1, no. 2 (December 2009): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12927-009-0010-2.

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Baisden, Joseph M., Stanley H. Benedict, Ke Sheng, Paul W. Read, and James M. Larner. "Helical TomoTherapy in the treatment of central nervous system metastasis." Neurosurgical Focus 22, no. 3 (March 2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2007.22.3.9.

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✓In this report the authors review the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. They comment on different treatment methods for both intracranial and extracranial CNS metastasis and discuss some of the evidence supporting the use of radiotherapy in these settings. Recent advancements in radiation oncology technology are briefly reviewed with a focus on the advantages and disadvantages of helical TomoTherapy–based treatment strategies. A review of pertinent current literature was performed. TomoTherapy research currently underway at the University of Virginia Health System is discussed and a representative case is presented. Radiotherapy for CNS metastasis is an effective treatment that provides palliation of symptoms and confers a survival advantage on selected patients. Advances in radiotherapy techniques continue to improve the therapeutic ratio for patients with CNS metastases. Helical TomoTherapy offers distinct advantages for patients with CNS metastatic disease by sparing normal tissue when intracranial or extracranial disease is targeted.

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Mikhael, Neveen L., Myriam Abo Seif H Gendi, Hoda Hassab, and Elshaymaa A. Megahed. "Evaluation of multiplexed biomarkers in assessment of CSF infiltration in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia." International Journal of Hematologic Oncology 8, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): IJH22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/ijh-2019-0008.

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a very common pediatric malignancy with high survival rates. The course of treatment is modified according to the occurrence of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Aim: To relate serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of five biomarkers (matrix metalloprotienase 9, CCL-2, sVCAM-1, IFN-γ and inducible protein 10) at diagnosis to the development of CNS infiltration. Methods: The present study was carried on 64 children with ALL and 20 controls. Multiplexed cytokines were measured by Luminex technology (Matrix metalloprotienase 9, CCL-2, sVCAM-1, IFN-γ and inducible protein 10). Results: Significantly higher sMMP-9 and lower sCCL2 were found in patients who developed CNS leukemia. Conclusion: Serum multiplexed parameters at diagnosis of childhood ALL may predict of development of CNS leukemia.

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Vargas-Toscano, Andres, Dilaware Khan, Ann-Christin Nickel, Michael Hewera, Marcel Alexander Kamp, Igor Fischer, Hans-Jakob Steiger, et al. "Robot technology identifies a Parkinsonian therapeutics repurpose to target stem cells of glioblastoma." CNS Oncology 9, no. 2 (June 2020): CNS58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cns-2020-0004.

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Aim: Glioblastoma is a heterogeneous lethal disease, regulated by a stem-cell hierarchy and the neurotransmitter microenvironment. The identification of chemotherapies targeting individual cancer stem cells is a clinical need. Methodology: A robotic workstation was programmed to perform a drug concentration to cell-growth analysis on an in vitro model of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Mode-of-action analysis of the selected top substance was performed with manual repetition assays and acquisition of further parameters. Results: We identified 22 therapeutic potential substances. Three suggested a repurpose potential of neurotransmitter signal-modulating agents to target GSCs, out of which the Parkinson's therapeutic trihexyphenidyl was most effective. Manual repetition assays and initial mode of action characterization revealed suppression of cell proliferation, cell cycle and survival. Conclusion: Anti-neurotransmitter signaling directed therapy has potential to target GSCs. We established a drug testing facility that is able to define a mid-scale chemo responsome of in vitro cancer models, possibly also suitable for other cell systems.

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Tadić, Staša. "CNS and bladder (short review for clinicians)." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afmnai-2014-0001.

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SUMMARY Symptoms of bladder dysfunction are significant public health problem due to their prevalence, morbidity and treatment costs. Most stem from bladder control problem which is governed by the brain, yet we know little about CNS and bladder. Advances in brain imaging technology have brought new insight in how brain works in different bladder diseases and opened new possibilities to study lower urinary tract. Thus, it is important for urologists and clinicians alike to get informed about basic concepts of brain-bladder control. The aim of this article is to review basic neuroanatomy of central continence control based on the results of recent brain imaging studies in patients with symptoms of impaired bladder control.

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Leggiero, Nicole, Terri Armstrong, Elizabeth Vera, Mark Gilbert, and Amanda King. "QOLP-28. THE USE OF VIRTUAL REALITY FOR SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT: APPLICATION IN NEURO-ONCOLOGY." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi203—vi204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.848.

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Abstract Patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are highly symptomatic due to the functional sequelae of their disease and an unfavorable prognosis. Virtual reality (VR) immersive technology has demonstrated benefit in improving patients’ symptom burden, such as distress, pain, anxiety, and fatigue. However, this has not been explored in a CNS tumor population. This project explored the potential use of VR for symptom management in CNS tumor patients. A descriptive analysis of MDASI-BT/MDASI-SP/PROMIS-Anxiety patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for 535 CNS tumor patients was performed to identify the common moderate-severe (> 4 on a 0–10 scale) symptoms. Additionally, a systematic review of literature was performed addressing the question “For adult patients with solid tumors, what effect does VR have on their self-reported symptoms, such as distress, anxiety and pain?” The systematic literature review resulted in 17 studies using VR in other solid tumor populations, which demonstrated improvement in pain, anxiety, and distress. However, study designs often lacked rigor and none incorporated any biomarkers to correlate with PROs. CNS tumor symptom review of our patient cohort revealed that the majority of the patients were Caucasian (83%) males (58%) with a median age of 50 years (range, 18–83). At the time of diagnosis, 35% had a gross total resection. Glioblastoma was the most common diagnosis (32%) and 50% had a high-grade glioma. The most prevalent moderate-severe symptoms in this sample was fatigue (34%), with (14%) anxiety, (18%) pain, and (19%) distress. Given the high symptom rate in our patients, the promising but limited data that VR technology could improve distress and other symptoms provides strong support for this intervention in the CNS tumor population. Further research is needed to assess feasibility and efficacy of VR, as well as incorporation of correlative biomarkers, to better determine potential improvement in patient symptom burden.

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Camelo-Piragua, Sandra. "Clear Cell Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Case-Based Review." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 8 (August 1, 2012): 915–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0216-cr.

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Clear cell tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) encompass a variety of tumor subtypes that are challenging to diagnose given their similar morphologic features. Here, I use a case-based approach to review the clinicopathologic and radiologic features to help guide the general pathologist in the diagnosis of clear cell tumors of the CNS. First, the reader is invited to study 6 images of different CNS tumors with clear cell morphology. Then, each case is expanded in light of clinical and radiologic data and includes a histopathologic description of the tumor. A brief discussion follows with up-to-date diagnostic tools. Finally, I propose an immunohistochemical algorithm to navigate through the complex features that characterize clear cell tumors of the CNS. This review aims to provide a comprehensive approach to diagnosing clear cell neoplasms of the CNS based on improved assessment of the clinicopathologic and radiologic features of each entity.

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Lonser, Russell R., Malisa Sarntinoranont, Paul F. Morrison, and Edward H. Oldfield. "Convection-enhanced delivery to the central nervous system." Journal of Neurosurgery 122, no. 3 (March 2015): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.jns14229.

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Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a bulk flow–driven process. Its properties permit direct, homogeneous, targeted perfusion of CNS regions with putative therapeutics while bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Development of surrogate imaging tracers that are co-infused during drug delivery now permit accurate, noninvasive real-time tracking of convective infusate flow in nervous system tissues. The potential advantages of CED in the CNS over other currently available drug delivery techniques, including systemic delivery, intrathecal and/or intraventricular distribution, and polymer implantation, have led to its application in research studies and clinical trials. The authors review the biophysical principles of convective flow and the technology, properties, and clinical applications of convective delivery in the CNS.

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Koeller, K. "CNS infections : a case-based review." Journal de Radiologie 89, no. 10 (October 2008): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(08)76144-4.

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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Oxana V., Arkady S. Abdurashitov, Elena I. Saranceva, Eketerina G. Borisova, Alexander A. Shirokov, and Nikita V. Navolokin. "Blood–brain barrier and laser technology for drug brain delivery." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 10, no. 05 (September 2017): 1730011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545817300117.

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Here, we discuss an important problem in medicine as development of effective strategies for brain drug delivery. This problem is related to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is a “customs” controlling the entrance of different molecules from blood into the brain protecting the normal function of central nervous system (CNS). We show three interfaces of anatomical side of BBB and two functional types of BBB — physical and transporter barriers. Although this protective mechanism is essential for health of CNS, it also creates a hindrance to the entry of drugs into the brain. The BBB was discovered over 100 years ago but till now, there is no effective methods for brain drug delivery. There are more than 70 approaches for overcoming BBB including physical, chemical and biological techniques but all of these tools have limitation to be widely used in clinical practice due to invasiveness, challenge in performing, very costly or limitation of drug concentration.Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is usual clinical method of surgical navigation for the resection of brain tumor and anti-cancer therapy. Nowadays, the application of PDT is considered as a potential promising tool for brain drug delivery via opening of BBB. Here, we show the first successful experimental results in this field discussing the adventures and disadvantages of PDT-related BBB disruption as well as alternatives to overcome these limitations and possible mechanisms with new pathways for brain clearance via glymphatic and lymphatic systems.

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Dusak, Abdurrahim, Demet Hafizoglu, Sara Sebnem Kilic, and Zeynep Yazıcı. "Central nervous system variations and abnormalities in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED): neuroimaging findings." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 10 (January 30, 2020): 1377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185120901510.

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Background Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) is a rare, mostly X-linked recessive genodermatosis, characterized by congenital defects of ectodermal derivative structures as the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily ectodermal in origin. Purpose To evaluate CNS variations and abnormalities in AED. Material and Methods A retrospective analysis was made of the neurological and neuroimaging findings of 17 children (12 boys, 5 girls; median age = 8 years; age range = 2–14 years) diagnosed with AED in our pediatric clinics during 2008–2016. The pattern of CNS variation and abnormalities were evaluated by comparing of these findings with an age- and gender-matched healthy control group with no family history. Results Of the 17 AED cases identified on the basis of neuroimaging findings, 6 (35.3%) were seen to be normal. Associated CNS variation and abnormalities including cavum septum pellucidum (35.3%), callosal dysgenesis (11.8%), prominent Virchow–Robin spaces (64.7%), cortical sulcal dilation (41.1%), mega cisterna magna (35.3%), focal cortical dysplasia (11.8%), and delayed myelination (58.8%) were observed in 11 (64.7%) children with AED. Conclusion AED suggests a spectrum of CNS variation and abnormalities, presenting with neurological and neuroimaging findings, demonstrated in the embryonic surface- and neuro-ectoderm derived structures. The results of this study suggest that CNS variation and abnormalities might be associated with AED.

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Sellers, Drew L., Jamie M. Bergen, Russell N. Johnson, Heidi Back, John M. Ravits, Philip J. Horner, and Suzie H. Pun. "Targeted axonal import (TAxI) peptide delivers functional proteins into spinal cord motor neurons after peripheral administration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 9 (February 17, 2016): 2514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515526113.

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A significant unmet need in treating neurodegenerative disease is effective methods for delivery of biologic drugs, such as peptides, proteins, or nucleic acids into the central nervous system (CNS). To date, there are no operative technologies for the delivery of macromolecular drugs to the CNS via peripheral administration routes. Using an in vivo phage-display screen, we identify a peptide, targeted axonal import (TAxI), that enriched recombinant bacteriophage accumulation and delivered protein cargo into spinal cord motor neurons after intramuscular injection. In animals with transected peripheral nerve roots, TAxI delivery into motor neurons after peripheral administration was inhibited, suggesting a retrograde axonal transport mechanism for delivery into the CNS. Notably, TAxI-Cre recombinase fusion proteins induced selective recombination and tdTomato-reporter expression in motor neurons after intramuscular injections. Furthermore, TAxI peptide was shown to label motor neurons in the human tissue. The demonstration of a nonviral-mediated delivery of functional proteins into the spinal cord establishes the clinical potential of this technology for minimally invasive administration of CNS-targeted therapeutics.

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Engelhard, Herbert H. "Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Technology: Potential Use for the Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumors." Cancer Control 5, no. 2 (March 1998): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107327489800500207.

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Background: Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been proposed as a new therapy for patients with cancer, including malignant brain tumors. Antisense ODNs are taken up by tumor cells and selectively block gene expression. Use of ODNs for brain tumors is attractive due to their theoretical specificity, relative ease of production and, to date, paucity of reported adverse effects. This article presents current information regarding antisense ODNs and their possible future use for the treatment of brain tumors. Methods: The available published experimental and clinical information regarding antisense ODN treatment of glioblastoma cells and administration into the central nervous system (CNS) was reviewed. Other clinically relevant information pertaining to the molecular biology of antisense ODNs was also collected and summarized. Results: Targets for antisense ODN therapy in malignant glioma cells have included c-myc, c-myb, c-sis, c-erb B, CD44, p34cdc2, bFGF, PDGF, TGF-beta, IGF-1, PKC-alpha tumor necrosis factor, urokinase, and S100beta protein. Few in vivo studies of ODN treatment of brain tumors have yet been reported. Systemically administered ODNs enter the brain only in extremely small quantities; therefore, microinfusion into the brain has been recommended. Conclusions: Antisense ODNs have been used successfully to block glioblastoma gene expression in vitro and expression of multiple genes within the CNS of experimental animals. Upcoming clinical trials will address the safety of antisense ODN use against malignant brain tumors.

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Eberhart, Charles G., Alan Morrison, Kymberly A. Gyure, James Frazier, John E. Smialek, and Juan C. Troncoso. "Decreasing Incidence of Sudden Death Due to Undiagnosed Primary Central Nervous System Tumors." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1024–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-1024-diosdd.

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Abstract Context.—Although most fatal brain tumors are diagnosed well before a patient's death, occasionally medical examiners and coroners encounter cases in which the presence of a primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) was not suspected prior to death. Analysis of such cases can shed light on specific pitfalls hindering the diagnosis of brain tumors. In addition, by analyzing the incidence of these cases in a large autopsy series, one can draw conclusions about the evolving effectiveness of medical diagnosis. Objective.—To determine the incidence of deaths due to undiagnosed primary CNS tumors in the era of advanced neuroimaging techniques. Design.—Records from forensic autopsies performed during a 20-year period (1980–1999) at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of the State of Maryland were reviewed to identify cases in which death was caused by primary CNS tumors undiagnosed prior to the patient's death. Results.—We present 11 cases of undiagnosed primary CNS tumors resulting in sudden death that were identified among 54 873 forensic autopsies. Sudden deaths due to undiagnosed CNS neoplasms account for a significantly lower percentage of cases in our study (0.02%) than in similar series reported prior to 1980 (≥0.16%). Conclusions.—We hypothesize that improvements in imaging techniques, notably the introduction of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have resulted in increased early detection of CNS neoplasms. However, vague or short-term symptoms and limited health care access can dissuade patients from seeking medical attention and result in failure to diagnose these tumors correctly.

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Guyett, Paul, Mike Hendrickson, and Kurt Laha. "CNS Drug Discovery Using iPSC-Derived Neurons." Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 38, no. 20 (November 15, 2018): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.38.20.08.

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Valyi-Nagy, Tibor. "Neuropathology: A Reference Text of CNS Pathology." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-577a-nartoc.

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Crain, Barbara J. "Neuropathology: A Reference Text of CNS Pathology." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 123, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/1999-123-445a-nartoc.

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Wiens, Andrea L., Sarah E. Martin, Elizabeth C. Bertsch, Gail H. Vance, Ryan A. Stohler, Liang Cheng, Sunil Badve, and Eyas M. Hattab. "Luminal Subtypes Predict Improved Survival Following Central Nervous System Metastasis in Patients With Surgically Managed Metastatic Breast Carcinoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 138, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0541-oa.

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Context.—Metastatic breast cancer to the central nervous system (CNS) is second only to lung cancer metastasis to the CNS in frequency. Patients with triple-negative primary breast cancer and those with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive primary breast cancer are at an increased risk for metastasis. Very little is known about predictive or prognostic variables once patients develop CNS metastases. Currently, therapeutic options are limited, with surgery generally offered primarily to those with solitary lesions. Context.—To determine the influence of molecular subtypes of metastatic breast cancer on survival from the time of CNS metastasis and to aid in the prognostic stratification of these patients. Design.—We identified 59 cases of metastatic breast cancer to the CNS and analyzed them for various demographic and clinicopathologic parameters. Tumors were categorized into molecular subtypes using immunohistochemical methods: luminal A [estrogen receptor (ER)+/Ki67low], luminal B (ER+/Ki67 high), intrinsic HER2 (ER−/HER2+), and triple-negative. Survival after CNS metastasis for each group was plotted using a Kaplan-Meier curve, and multivariate analysis was performed. Results.—Patients with metastases from luminal tumors had a statistically significant survival advantage when compared with those of the triple-negative phenotype. Importantly, survival among patients with luminal A and luminal B tumors was not significantly different. Similarly, patient's age, histologic grade, and number of lesions did not contribute to determining outcomes. Conclusions.—Estrogen receptor positivity (ie, luminal phenotype) of tumors appears to determine outcomes after development of metastases. In contrast, proliferation rate had little or no effect on the long-term survival. Understanding the biology of metastases can help stratify patients into prognostically meaningful categories and tailor treatment regimens for individual patients.

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Toi, Ants. "0069: Fetal Spine - the Forgotten CNS." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 35, no. 8 (August 2009): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.06.054.

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Wald, Regina, Claudia Hess, Verena Urbantke, Thomas Wittek, and Martina Baumgartner. "Characterization of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Bovine Quarter Milk Samples." Animals 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9050200.

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Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is considered as a major mastitis pathogen, with considerable epidemiological information on such infections while the epidemiology of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) is more controversial. The aim of this study was to use matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technology for identification of staphylococci isolated from bovine milk at species level and to characterize them in reference to presentation, somatic cell count (SCC), bacterial shedding (cfu) and antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 200 staphylococcal isolates (S. aureus n = 100; CNS n = 100) originating from aseptically collected quarter milk samples from different quarters of dairy cows were included in the study. They originated from cases of clinical (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM) or were isolated from milk with SCC ≤ 100,000 cells/mL in pure culture. We found staphylococci predominantly in cases of SCM (n = 120). In low-SCC cows, 12 S. aureus and 32 CNS isolates were detected. Eighteen percent of each were associated with CM. Eleven CNS species were identified, S. chromogenes (n = 26) and S. xylosus (n = 40) predominated. CNS, particularly those in low-SCC cows, showed higher MIC90 (minimal inhibitory concentration) values for penicillin, ampicillin, cefoperazone, pirlimycin and marbofloxacin. Based on the present results, a careful interpretation of laboratory results is recommended to avoid antimicrobial therapy of staphylococci without clinical relevance and to ensure prudent use of antimicrobials.

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Chang, Chung-Che, Bal Kampalath, Christopher Schultz, Ellen Bunyi-Teopengco, Brent Logan, Camellia Eshoa, Ayse P. Dincer, and Sherrie L. Perkins. "Expression of p53, c-Myc, or Bcl-6 Suggests a Poor Prognosis in Primary Central Nervous System Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Among Immunocompetent Individuals." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-208-eopmob.

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Abstract Context.—Primary central nervous system (CNS) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in immunocompetent individuals, although rare, has been rising in incidence. Currently, no reliable prognostic markers are available for these individuals. Objective.—To study the implications of expression of a panel of oncogenic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-6, and c-Myc) and p53 for predicting clinical outcome, particularly overall survival, in immunocompetent individuals with primary CNS DLBCL. Design.—Fourteen primary CNS DLBCL cases were retrospectively studied by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections for the expression of c-Myc, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, and p53. Results.—The overall frequencies of expression for p53, c-Myc, Bcl-2, and Bcl-6 in these cases were 29%, 50%, 71%, and 57%, respectively. Cases with expression of p53, c-Myc, or Bcl-6 had a poorer overall survival than those without (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis: 50% cumulative overall survival, 2 months vs 30–60 months, P = .02, log-rank test; 9–16 months vs 21–60 months, P = .03, log-rank test; and 9–16 months vs 21–60 months, P = .16, log-rank test, respectively). The expression of Bcl-2 or proliferation activity by MIB-1 showed no correlation with overall survival. Likewise, the clinical parameters, including age, location of tumors, multiplicity of tumor lesions, and lactase dehydrogenase levels revealed no impact on overall survival. Conclusion.—Our results suggest that patients with expression of p53, c-Myc, or Bcl-6 have a poorer overall survival than those without. Since traditional prognostic markers in non-CNS DLBCL, such as staging and International Prognostic Index scores, are not applicable to primary CNS DLBCL, evaluation of p53, c-Myc, and Bcl-6 by immunohistochemistry may be warranted as part of prognostic evaluation in immunocompetent patients with primary CNS DLBCL. Further studies are indicated to confirm our observations.

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Seigel, Gail M. "Gene replacement therapy in the CNS: A view from the retina." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 1995): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00037493.

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AbstractGene replacement therapy holds great promise in the treatment of many genetic CNS disorders. This commentary discusses the feasibility of gene replacement therapy in the unique context of the retina, with regard to: (1) the genetics of retinal neoplasia and degeneration, (2) available gene transfer technology, and (3) potential gene delivery vehicles.

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Kristensen, Marianne Højsgaard, Søren Nielsen, and Mogens Vyberg. "Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 in Primary CNS Tumors." Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology 19, no. 5 (October 2011): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pai.0b013e31820e6baf.

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Franke, Barbara, Maciej Figiel, and J. Engele. "CNS glia are targets for GDNF and neurturin." Histochemistry and Cell Biology 110, no. 6 (November 9, 1998): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050322.

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Schmid, Axel, and Christine Becherer. "Distribution of histamine in the CNS of different spiders." Microscopy Research and Technique 44, no. 2-3 (January 15, 1999): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19990115/01)44:2/3<81::aid-jemt3>3.0.co;2-o.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Technology CNS'

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