Dissertations / Theses: 'Technology dependence'

1

Head, David Allan. "Development or Dependence: Multinational Corporations, Technology Transfer and the Third World." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625612.

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Tarr, Michael J. (Michael Jay). "Orientation dependence in three-dimensional object recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13994.

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3

Siemon, Noel, University of Western Sydney, and School of Management. "Public policy planning and global technology dependence : strategic factors for a national space-related innovation system." THESIS_XXX_MAN_Siemon_N.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/355.

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Australia's space activities since the early sixties have been science-oriented and uncoordinated. As a result, Australia has been unable to develop a long-term sustainable domestic technological capability; with industry being dependent on government funding for its involvement in the nation's space plan. This thesis examines public policy aspects focussing on technology independence that is the building of competencies for the sustainable development of an industry. It compares national technological development by relating Australia's recent space-related successes and failures to those of other nations (especially selected Asian countries and Israel). The overarching research problem addressed within this thesis examined the Australian national space policy and strategy since 1984.It investigated why the Australian Space Industry Development Strategy was not a successful influence on the development of a long-term sustainable national technological base or on the establishment of a viable commercial space-related industry in Australia. The research included the development of a strategic multilevel planning system involving a network innovation model into a nation's space science and technology policy development. The outcomes of the research reported in the thesis are discussed. The level of technological capability and capacity is a direct, inversely related factor to an increase in the degree in technology dependency. Australia needs a change of philosophy by accepting the global challenge through defining and supporting, within a national strategic planning, a national space strategy that incorporates network innovation concepts: a concept that must involve a balanced supply (science) and demand (commercial) characteristics of an innovation network system.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Management)

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Siemon, Noel. "Public policy planning and global technology dependence : strategic factors for a national space-related innovation system /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031217.163703/index.html.

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5

Chen, Chih-Yung. "Frequency dependence of the conductivity and dielectric constant of single crystal La₂CuO₄₊y̳." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128802.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1990.
On t.p. "y" is subscript.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-143).
by Chih-Yung Chen.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1990.

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Lamos, Erin Elisabeth. "The Emergence of Bioengineering Departments in the United States: Density Dependence or Strategic Interaction?" Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07092007-132606/.

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Holmberg, Rurik. "Survival of the Unfit : Path Dependence and the Estonian Oil Shale Industry." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, Department of Technology and Social Change, 2008. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2008/arts427s.pdf.

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Robey, William Bud. "Implications for United States’ Military Strategy and Policy ofChina’s Asymmetric Anti-Satellite Capability." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420469689.

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9

Butler, Stuart. "National prestige and in(ter)dependence : British space research policy, 1959-73." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/national-prestige-and-interdependence-british-space-research-policy-195973(9e35ac4e-8acd-43e0-b9dd-8e87f7def62b).html.

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From 1960-4 the British government embarked on two large-scale space research programmes to develop satellite launchers. After first being cancelled as a military project in 1960, the Blue Streak missile was converted into the first stage of a British-led European collaborative project to build a three stage satellite launcher (through the European Launcher Development Organisation - ELDO). Born out of the Black Knight warhead re-entry testing vehicle, the independent Black Arrow project aimed to launch small satellites for scientific experimentation. With European collaborations, American scientific knowledge, and an Australian testing site, decisions affecting British space research had wide reaching diplomatic as well as domestic consequences. However, by 1973, both of these programmes had been cancelled. By examining the complex formation of British policy on these two space research projects, I will identify the alliances of actors involved focusing on understanding the role of civil servants, and the domestic, economic, and foreign policy priorities which directed their policy-making. This thesis seeks to address two contradictions raised by British policy on space research, and historical analysis of this period. Firstly, if we accept that Britain was not in decline in this period, the how can the history of two projects which is dominated by their cancellation be explained? Secondly, how British governments could reconcile their policy towards ELDO (threatening to withdraw almost yearly from 1966-73) with their stated aim to accede to the European Communities and their repeated rhetoric that the increased potential for scientific and technological collaboration was a key benefit of British accession? In order to address these contradictions I focus on decisions and decision-makers within government. By tracking policy arguments and options to their very beginnings I show throughout this thesis the way in which individuals frame, shape and direct policy. This thesis provides new insights into the foreign and domestic policy priorities of the four governments in this period by tracking the balance of priorities in policy making in two major space research projects. Close examination of ELDO and Black Arrow highlights that their cancellation is not a symbol of British decline, but instead represent active choices by decision-makers to engage in new areas of research. This supports the work of historians challenging the idea that Britain was in decline in this period, and suggests that cancelled projects should be re-examined.

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Iarossi, Juliana. "Path Building in Emerging Entrepreneurial Firms: An Investigation of Networks in the Making." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/bus_admin_diss/8.

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Underpinning economic growth is the emergence of entrepreneurial ventures with the potential to grow that boost job creation and provide new sources of products for mature companies. The critical role associated with new firms, underscores the importance of understanding how entrepreneurship unfolds. Network-based research, while leading the way to rich empirical studies provides a limited understanding of how entrepreneurial networks are built and their impact on the emergence of a new venture. Employing a multiple case study design and a perspective based on organizational path building, three young technology ventures were investigated in terms of the formation of networks around five key entrepreneurial activities defined by entrepreneurs. Rich insight into new venture emergence is presented in terms of the reciprocal relationship between specific activities enacted by entrepreneurs and the networks that form to execute those activities revealing the path building mechanisms that evolve to drive network development. The findings of this research not only contribute to theories of new venture emergence, but also offer an interesting opportunity for future research into factors that may influence the outcome of entrepreneurial ventures and provide practical insight for organizations seeking to sustain or develop an entrepreneurial path.

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Gether, Kaare. "Transition to Large Scale Use of Hydrogen and Sustainable Energy Services and nonlinearity : Choices of technology and infrastructure under path dependence, feedback." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-213.

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We live in a world of becoming. The future is not given, but forms continuously in dynamic processes where path dependence plays a major role. There are many different possible futures. What we actually end up with is determined in part by chance and in part by the decisions we make. To make sound decisions we require models that are flexible enough to identify opportunities and to help us choose options that lead to advantageous alternatives. This way of thinking differs from traditional cost-benefit analysis that employs net present value calculations to choose on purely economic grounds, without regard to future consequences.

Time and dynamic behaviour introduce a separate perspective. There is a focus on change, and decisions acquire windows of opportunity: the right decision at the right time may lead to substantial change, while it will have little effect if too early or too late. Modelling needs to reflect this dynamic behaviour. It is the perspective of time and dynamics that leads to a focus on sustainability, and thereby the role hydrogen might play in a future energy system. The present work develops a particular understanding relevant to energy infrastructures.

Central elements of this understanding are:

- Competition

- Market preference and choice beyond costs

- Bounded rationality

- Uncertainty and risk

- Irreversibility

- Increasing returns

- Path dependence

- Feedback

- Delay

- Nonlinear behaviour

Change towards a “hydrogen economy” will involve far-reaching change away from our existing energy infrastructure. This infrastructure is viewed as a dynamic set of interacting technologies (value sequences) that provide services to end-users and uphold the required supply of energy for this, all the way from primary energy sources. The individual technologies also develop with time.

Building on this understanding and analysis, an analytical tool has emerged: the Energy Infrastructure Competition (EICOMP) model. In the model each technology is characterised by a capacity, an ordered-, and an actually delivered volume of energy services. It is further characterised through physical description with parameters like efficiency, time required for extending capacity and improvement by learning. Finally, each technology has an attractiveness, composed of costs, quality and availability, that determines the outcome of competition.

Change away from our present energy infrastructure into a sustainable one based on renewable energy sources, will entail substantial change in most aspects of technology, organisation and ownership. Central results from the overall work are:

- Change is dynamic and deeply influenced through situations with reinforcing feedback and path dependence. Due to this, there is a need for long-term perspectives in today's decision making: decisions have windows of opportunity and need to be made at the proper time.

- Strategies aimed at achieving change should team up with reinforcing feedback and avoid overwhelming balancing feedback that counteracts change.

- The EICOMP model is now available as a tool for furthe analysis of our existing energy infrastructure and its dynamic development into possible, alternative energy futures. As the model is intended for practical guidance in decisions, a central practical aim has been to allow it to be used close to where decisions are actually made; i.e. decentralised and locally in firms and in public institutions. In this respect much effort has been made in an attempt to make it transparent and easy to communicate.

- The EICOMP model may be used to analyse situations of reinforcing feedback throughout the alternative energy infrastructures that we may come to have in the future.

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12

Liao, Shaojuan. "Three Essays on Economic Growth and Technology Development: Considering the Spillover Effects." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37808.

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This dissertation consists of three essays on the empirical analysis of economic growth and technology development. In particular, I consider spillover effects in different frameworks. The first chapter outlines the three topics involved and briefly discusses the motivations, methods as well as some conclusions in each of the following chapters. The second chapter considers the spillovers in economic growth and convergence. Spillovers are prevalent in nowadays' economy. I formally model the spillover effects as the interdependence of total factor productivity (TFP), and develop a model in which spillover effects of R&D through the channel of international trade make the TFPs correlated among countries. In this sense, I apply the thoughts of international trade to the economic growth framework. Empirically, I develop a three-stage generalized method of moment(GMM) to estimate the dynamic panel spatial error autoregressive model. Simulation results show that my estimator is consistent and efficient. Through counterfactual analysis, I find that there are positive spillovers through both geographic connection and trade connection. Such a positive spillover effect, however, slows down the convergence speed. Moreover, there were little spillovers in the early 1960s. Spillover effects become stronger overtime. The third chapter is about the determinants of technology development in China. What makes my paper different from others is that I take a full consideration of the spillover effects: provincial spillovers in Science and Technology (S&T) capital as well as S&T personnel, and international spillovers through trade and FDI. The most interesting point in my paper is that I consider the indirect effects of institutions on technology development. Marketization, measured by the share of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the economy, affects the production of technology through different channels at different stages. I use a semiparametric varying-coefficient model to account for the effects. In this paper, I find that provincial spillovers are mainly through the externalities of S&T capital stock while international spillovers occur through trade. Marketization affects the technology development through S&T capital, S&T capital spillovers and trade. Although a certain share of SOEs is necessary for technology production, the marketization process will promote the development of technology in China in the long run. The fourth chapter looks into the provincial technology spillovers from another aspect. Instead of the S&T endowment spillovers from the nearby provinces, I consider the technology transfer from the frontier province to the targeted province as well as the absorptive capacity of the targeted province itself. Two forms of technology transfer are analyzed: the technology distance due to the structural discrepancy in the patent portfolio and the technology gap because of the difference in the patent level. Through the empirical analysis, several factors contributing to patent growth, such as S&T investment, road density, international spillovers from imports and FDI, are identified. Moreover, I find that technology transfer due to the technology distance can stimulate patent growth. However, I fail to find robust evidence of technology transfer due to the technology gap, which implies that the provincial technology convergence may not exist in China.
Ph. D.

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13

Wang, Aifang. "The effects of varied instructional aids and field dependence-independence on learners' structural knowledge in a hypermedia environment." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1191519256.

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14

Darwish, Rami. "The Missing link : Business Models Lock-in in Sociotechnical Transitions." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-249251.

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Societal and environmental challenges present challenges for our current industrial systems. In order to respond to these difficulties, various alternative systems have been suggested, as they promise sustainability and increased societal quality of life enabled by innovative technologies. These future solutions hold the capacity to solve problems by unlocking considerable business potential. However, the journey to the forthcoming era will bring dramatic changes, not only to the success of incumbent industrial stakeholders but also to their very existence. The upcoming changes are impregnated with hazards to current business models of successful organizations. So, one may ask what impact future technologies may have on the realms that industrial actors live in? To disentangle the complexity of the unknowns, multitudes of collaborative efforts in protected spaces have emerged globally to experiment with potential systems on the road to sociotechnical transitions. The transport sector is undergoing efforts towards transitions to future sustainable systems. This sector has a special focus when it comes to sustainability challenges due to its substantial economic and environmental impact. Bus systems are at the heart of this challenge due to the central role they play in urban mobility. Hence, different fuels and charging technologies for buses have been tested in pilot projects to facilitate the march towards sustainability; electric charging is one of the promising technologies, which achieve this aim. However, current business models of incumbent transport stakeholders seem to be problematic, and changes to facilitate the transitions seem to be complex. Extant literature indicates a critical role of business models under sociotechnical transitions. Theoretically, there is an underlying need for incumbents to change their business models to reap the benefits of innovative technologies. However, this change is difficult and potential business models are far from clear. With that, the dynamics of business models under transition remains as an underexplored area, and the challenge to incumbent business models poses itself as an interesting area to gauge. Under this umbrella, a question arises regarding how the pressure on incumbent business models interacts with systemic innovations. This thesis is a case study of an incumbent bus operator participating in a pilot project on a future bus system. The case study is in-depth in nature and investigates the potential business model of a bus operator in a multiple stakeholder pilot project, which tests an inductive electric hybrid bus. With a strong empirical exploratory nature, this thesis is built on an “insider” single case study that occurred in the year 2016-2017. The focus of the study is on the pressure on bus operator business model in the face of systemic innovation. The findings reveal positive future value proposition, disrupted value creation, and unclear value capture in the potential business model of the operator. Moreover, the findings show lock-in and resource dependence situation of the operator’s current business model. The lock-in of the business model hinder the transition to future sociotechnical bus system and makes it difficult to commercialize the new technology. The outcome of this thesis speaks to a significant influence of history and the regulator, manifested by rules on the future of business models of commercial incumbent stakeholders. This demonstrates lock-in may prove to be a major impediment, and that unchained and flexible business model of incumbents is critical for further continuation of successful shifts. Given these findings, this thesis suggests applying the business model lens to pilot projects for sustainability. This would aid in better comprehending how current business models may facilitate or hinder favorable transitions. This knowledge informs both managerial decisions and policy making, especially when it comes to resource optimization and investment decisions.

QC 20190416

Wireless Bus Stop Charging

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15

Whiting, Mark. "“Is this my life?”Meaning and sense-making as key determinants of parents’ experience when caring for children with disabilities, life-threatening/life-limiting illness or technology dependence." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593650.

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Parenthood presents many challenges. For parents of children with disabilities and complex health needs those challenges are often very considerable indeed. This study is concerned with the experiences of the parents of 34 such children. NHS Clinical staff working within one English county nominated parents to this study based upon their professional judgment that the child matched with one of three ‘diagnostic’ sub-groups: disability, life-threatening/life-limiting illness or technology dependence. Parents participated in 33 semi-structured interviews which sought to explore their experiences in relation to three pre-declared study themes – ‘impact’, ‘need for help and support’ and ‘sense-making’. A qualitative research approach which incorporated elements of grounded theoretical method was applied throughout the processes of data collection and analysis. This revealed a series of categories and subcategories related to the original study themes as well as a fourth theme ‘battle-ground’ which emerged entirely from within the parental accounts of their experiences. Initial analysis was carried out on three separate data-sets based upon the sub-groups into which parents were nominated to the study. This study introduced ‘mind-maps’ as a novel mechanism for affirming and verifying qualitative research data. Three discrete sets of illustrative ‘mind-maps’ (based on the study sub-groups) were constructed, within each of which were delineated an array of categories, subcategories and individual data elements clustered around each of the central study themes. In order to seek affirmation of the categories and subcategories within the emerging framework, a random sample of parents from each sub-group were invited to participate in a follow-up interview within which they were required to examine and comment upon their own sub-group mind-maps. Parental comments allowed for further refinement of the mind-maps and the resultant data was examined in order to identify areas of consistency and difference in parental experience across the three sub-groups. As its contribution to new knowledge, the study revealed major areas of consistency of parental experience across the three study sub-groups. In relation to the themes upon which this study focused, and the categories which emerged from the data, there were no major areas of difference amongst the sub-groups. The study identified the pivotal role of ‘sensemaking’ in informing parental perceptions of ‘impact’ and ‘need for help and support’. Through a process of constant comparative analysis, parental sense-making was linked to a range of personal, cultural and experiential factors including the contribution of professional staff as sources of help and support. In large part, the role of health, education and social care staff was regarded very positively by parents who identified a number of key personal attributes amongst professionals upon which they placed high value. A fourth study theme, ‘battleground’, emerged from within the study data-set – this theme was related in large part by parents in the context of negative aspects of their relationships with professional staff. Several of areas of unmet need were identified by parents in all three study sub-groups, the most consistent of which was the need for respite, a break from caring.

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Reinstaller, Andreas, and Werner Hölzl. "The creative response in economic development. The case of information processing technologies in US manufacturing, 1870-1930." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2001. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1526/1/document.pdf.

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This paper presents a theoretical framework along "Classical" lines in which Schumpeter's concept of "Creative Response" is linked to a theory of induced innovation and the concept of technological regimes. We devote particular attention to the role of indivisibilities between factors of production. On the basis of this framework, we study the adoption of early information technologies, such as typewriters, calculators or Hollerith machines in US manufacturing in the period between 1870 and 1930. We show how the presence of a distinct bias in technical change in US manufacturing led to the opening of a window of opportunity for early information technologies, and how the presence of this bias influenced the technological search and adoption process of firms and how this found its final reflection in the rules and heuristics of the new regime. (author's abstract)
Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

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17

Thorson, James Turner. "Multi-Species Models of Time-Varying Catchability in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32662.

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The catchability coefficient is used in most marine stock assessment models, and is usually assumed to be stationary and density-independent. However, recent research has shown that these assumptions are violated in most fisheries. Violation of these assumptions will cause underestimation of stock declines or recoveries, leading to inappropriate management policies. This project assesses the soundness of stationarity and density independence assumptions using multi-species data for seven stocks and four gears in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. This study also develops a multi-species methodology to compensate for failures of either assumption. To evaluate catchability assumptions, abundance-at-age was reconstructed and compared with catch-per-unit-effort data in the Gulf. Mixed-effects, Monte Carlo, and bootstrap analyses were applied to estimate time-varying catchability parameters. Gulf data showed large and significant density dependence (0.71, s.e. 0.07, p<0.001) and increasing trends in catchability (2.0% annually compounding, s.e. 0.6%, p < 0.001). Simulation modeling was also used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of seven different single-species and multi-species estimation procedures. Imputing estimates from similar species provided accurate estimates of catchability parameters. Multi-species estimates also improved catchability estimation when compared with the current assumptions of density independence and stationarity. This study shows that multi-species data in the Gulf of Mexico have sufficient quantity and quality to accurately estimate catchability model parameters. This study also emphasizes the importance of estimating density-dependent and density-independent factors simultaneously. Finally, this study shows that multi-species imputation of catchability estimates decreases errors compared with current assumptions, when applied to single-species stock assessment data.
Master of Science

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18

Kostet, Daniel. "Railway bridges with floating slab track systems : Numerical modelling of rail stresses - Dependence on properties of floating slab mats." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67297.

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The increased use of continuously welded rails in the railway systems makes it necessary to increase the control of the rail stresses to avoid instability and damages of the rails. Large stresses are especially prone to appear at discontinuities in the railway systems, such as bridges, due to the interaction between the track and the bridge. The interaction leads to increased horizontal forces in the rails due to the changed stiffness between the embankment and the bridge, temperature variations, bending of the bridge structure because of vertical traffic loads and braking and traction forces. If the compressive rail stresses become too high it is necessary to use costly and maintenance-requiring devices such as rail expansion joints and other rail expansion devices. These devices increase the railway systems life cycle cost and should if possible be avoided. The use of non-ballasted track on high-speed railways, tramways and subways, has increased since this kind of track requires less maintenance and according to some investigations have a lower life cycle cost compared to ballasted track. The non-ballasted track is usually made of a track slab to which the rails are connected through fastenings. The track slab is connected to the bridge structure and held in place by shear keys. When non-ballasted tracks are used in populated areas it is sometimes necessary to introduce some vibration and noise damping solution. One of the possible solutions is to introduce a floating slab mat (elastic mat) under the track slab on the bridge. The influence of the floating slab mats properties on the rail stresses is investigated in this degree project. The investigation was performed through a numerical modelling of two railway bridges using the finite element software SOFiSTiK. The results from the investigation showed that there was a small reduction of the compressive rail stresses by approximately 3 – 7% (depending on the stiffness of the elastic support, load positions and the properties of the mat) when a mat was installed under the track slab. The results from the investigation also showed that there was a small reduction (up to approximately 1 %) of the compressive stresses in the rail when the thickness of the mat was increased, and the stiffness of the mat was reduced. This reduction of the compressive stresses is assumed to be caused by the mat being mounted on the sides of the shear keys. The lower stiffness of the mat allows the track slab and the bridge deck to move more freely parallel to each other in the horizontal direction. This leads to a decrease of the stresses in the rail due to a lower interaction between the track and the bridge. It was also shown that the rail stresses increased if the friction between the slab mat and the bridge deck was considered. This is because of an increase of the interaction between the track and the bridge due to the mats horizontal stiffness.
Den ökade användningen av kontinuerligt svetsade räler i järnvägsnäten i världen leder till en ökad kontroll av rälsspänningarna för att undvika instabilitet och skador på rälsen. Särskilt vid en diskontinuit i järnvägssystemet, som vid broar, kan stora tillskottspänningar i rälsen uppstå till följd av interaktionen mellan spår och bro. Interaktion leder till ökade horisontella krafter som verkar på rälsen och beror på den förändrade styvheten mellan järnvägsbank och bro, temperaturvariationer, nedböjning av bron på grund av vertikala trafiklaster samt broms- och accelerationskrafter. Om spänningarna i rälsen blir för stora behöver kostsamma och underhållskrävande dilatationsfogar införas. Dessa dilatationsfogar ökar järnvägssystemets livscykelkostnad och är något som ska undvikas att införas i den mån det är möjligt. Användningen av ballastfritt spår för höghastighetsjärnvägar, spårvägar och tunnelbanor ökar på grund av att dessa spår kräver mindre underhåll och har enligt vissa undersökningar en lägre livscykelkostnad i jämförelse med ballasterat spår. Ballastfritt spår består oftast av en betongplatta till vilken rälsen är kopplad genom befästningar. Plattan är i sin tur kopplad till underbyggnaden genom skjuvförbindare som håller plattan på plats. När ballastfritt spår används i bebodda områden är det ibland nödvändigt att ta till vibrations- och ljuddämpande åtgärder. En åtgärd som används på brokonstruktioner för att minska vibrationer och ljudföroreningar är att montera en vibrationsdämpande matta, som är tillverkad av ett elastiskt material, mellan betongplattan och broöverbyggnaden. I detta examensarbetet undersöks hur den vibrationsdämpande mattans egenskaper påverkar rälsspänningarna. Resultaten från undersökningen visar att spänningarna i rälsen minskar med cirka 3–7 % (beroende på det elastiska stödets styvhet, lastpositioner och mattans egenskaper) när en elastisk matta installeras under spårplattan i jämförelse med när ingen matta används. När mattans tjocklek ökar och när styvheten sänks minskar spänningarna med cirka 1 % i jämförelse mellan den tjockaste och tunnaste mattan. Denna minskning av spänningarna antas bero på att den vibrationsdämpande mattan som är monterad på sidan av skjuvförbindarna ger en möjlighet för spåret och bron att förskjutas fritt parallellt varandra innan en interaktion mellan spår och bro uppstår. Det visade sig även att om friktionen mellan mattan och broöverbyggnaden medräknas ökar spänningarna i rälsen. Detta beror på att mattan då skapar en större interaktion mellan spåret och bron gentemot fallet då mattans horisontella styvhet inte beaktas.

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Sebastian, Johny. "A Temperature stabilised CMOS VCO based on amplitude control." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33447.

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Speed, power and reliability of analogue integrated circuits (IC) exhibit temperature dependency through the modulation of one or several of the following variables: band gap energy of the semiconductor, mobility, carrier diffusion, current density, threshold voltage, interconnect resistance, and variability in passive components. Some of the adverse effects of temperature variations are observed in current and voltage reference circuits, and frequency drift in oscillators. Thermal instability of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is a critical design factor for radio frequency ICs, such as transceiver circuits in communication networks, data link protocols, medical wireless sensor networks and microelectromechanical resonators. For example, frequency drift in a transceiver system results in severe inter-symbol interference in a digital communications system. Minimum transconductance required to sustain oscillation is specified by Barkhausen’s stability criterion. However it is common practice to design oscillators with much more transconductance enabling self-startup. As temperature is increased, several of the variables mentioned induce additional transconductance to the oscillator. This in turn translates to a negative frequency drift. Conventional approaches in temperature compensation involve temperature-insensitive biasing proportional-to-absolute temperature, modifying the control voltage terminal of the VCO using an appropriately generated voltage. Improved frequency stability is reported when compensation voltage closely follows the frequency drift profile of the VCO. However, several published articles link the close association between oscillation amplitude and oscillation frequency. To the knowledge of this author, few published journal articles have focused on amplitude control techniques to reduce frequency drift. This dissertation focuses on reducing the frequency drift resulting from temperature variations based on amplitude control. A corresponding hypothesis is formulated, where the research outcome proposes improved frequency stability in response to temperature variations. In order to validate this principle, a temperature compensated VCO is designed in schematic and in layout, verified using a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis tool using the corresponding process design kit provided by the foundry, and prototyped using standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. Periodic steady state (PSS) analysis is performed using the open loop VCO with temperature as the parametric variable in five equal intervals from 0 – 125 °C. A consistent negative frequency shift is observed in every temperature interval (≈ 11 MHz), with an overall frequency drift of 57 MHz. However similar PSS analysis performed using a VCO in the temperature stabilised loop demonstrates a reduced negative frequency drift of 3.8 MHz in the first temperature interval. During the remaining temperature intervals the closed loop action of the amplitude control loop overcompensates for the negative frequency drift, resulting in an overall frequency spread of 4.8 MHz. The negative frequency drift in the first temperature interval of 0 to 25 °C is due to the fact that amplitude control is not fully effective, as the oscillation amplitude is still building up. Using the temperature stabilised loop, the overall frequency stability has improved to 16 parts per million (ppm)/°C from an uncompensated value of 189 ppm/°C. The results obtained are critically evaluated and conclusions are drawn. Temperature stabilised VCOs are applicable in applications or technologies such as high speed-universal serial bus, serial advanced technology attachment where frequency stability requirements are less stringent. The implications of this study for the existing body of knowledge are that better temperature compensation can be obtained if any of the conventional compensation schemes is preceded by amplitude control.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted

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20

Shareef, Amina N. "Aligning Technology with Humanity." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1626896521835759.

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Adams, Allison. "Dependency Parsing and Dialogue Systems : an investigation of dependency parsing for commercial application." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324859.

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In this thesis, we investigate dependency parsing for commercial application, namely for future integration in a dialogue system. To do this, we conduct several experiments on dialogue data to assess parser performance on this domain, and to improve this performance over a baseline. This work makes the following contributions: first, the creation and manual annotation of a gold-standard data set for dialogue data; second, a thorough error analysis of the data set, comparing neural network parsing to traditional parsing methods on this domain; and finally, various domain adaptation experiments show how parsing on this data set can be improved over a baseline. We further show that dialogue data is characterized by questions in particular, and suggest a method for improving overall parsing on these constructions.

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Kirk, Susan Amanda. "Parent or nurse? : caring for a technology-dependent child at home." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496675.

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A group of children with a continuing need for the support of medical technology have emerged in community settings as a result of medical advances and government policies that have emphasised the community as the arena for care. However, little is known about this group of children in the United Kingdom. This study aimed to explore parents' experiences of caring for a technology-dependent child, in particular to discover how parents experienced providing care of an intensive nature that involved them in performing clinical procedures on their own children. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with the parents of 24 children and Grounded Theory methods were used in analysing the data. 'Being a parent' emerged as the central category in the analysis which had the ability to explain much of parents' experiences of caring for a technology-dependent child. Parents' accounts of their experiences revealed a tension between being a parent and having to provide care of an intensive and technical nature for their children (which they described as nursing). Parents responded to this tension by constructing their role and relationship to their child as being first and foremost that of a parent. They did this firstly by appealing to the concept of individualisation as a means of defining the care they provided as being different to nursing and professional care-giving, both in terms of how care was provided and the underpinning knowledge. Secondly parents used a range of strategies to 'normalise' family life and their technology-dependent child. This 'normalised' the experience of parenting and contributed to parents seeing themselves as parents and not nurses.

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Gontrum, Johannes. "Attention Mechanisms for Transition-based Dependency Parsing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395491.

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Transition-based dependency parsing is known to compute the syntactic structure of a sentence efficiently, but is less accurate to predict long-distance relations between tokens as it lacks global information about the sentence. Our main contribution is the integration of attention mechanisms to replace the static token selection with a dynamic approach that takes the complete sequence into account. Though our experiments confirm that our approach fundamentally works, our models do not outperform the baseline parser. We further present a line of follow-up experiments to investigate these results. Our main conclusion is that the BiLSTM of the traditional parser is already powerful enough to encode the required global information into each token, eliminating the need for an attention-driven approach. Our secondary results indicate that the attention models require a neural network with a higher capacity to potentially extract more latent information from the word embeddings and the LSTM than the traditional parser. We further show that positional encodings are not useful for our attention models, though BERT-style positional embeddings slightly improve the results. Finally, we experiment with replacing the LSTM with a Transformer-encoder to test the impact of self-attention. The results are disappointing, though we think that more future research should be dedicated to this. For our work, we implement a UUParser-inspired dependency parser from scratch in PyTorch and extend it with, among other things, full GPU support and mini-batch processing. We publish the code under a permissive open source license at https://github.com/jgontrum/parseridge.

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Taylor, Christianna Elizabeth. "Integrating dependencies into the technology portfolio: a feed-forward case study for near-earth asteroids." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45968.

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Technology Portfolios are essential to the evolution of large complex systems. In an effort to harness the power of new technologies, technology portfolios are used to predict the value of integrating them into the project. This optimization of the technology portfolio creates large complex design spaces; however, many processes operate on the assumption that their technology elements have no dependency on each other, because dependencies are not well defined. This independence assumption simplifies the process, but suggests that these environments are missing out on decision power and fidelity. Therefore, this thesis proposed a way to explain the variations in Portfolio recommendations as a function of adding dependencies. Dependencies were defined in accordance with their development effort figures of merit and possible relationships. The thesis then went on to design a method to integrate two dependency classes into the technology portfolio framework to showcase the effect of incorporating dependencies. Results indicated that Constraint Dependencies reduced the portfolio or stayed the same, while Value Dependencies changed the portfolio optimization completely; making the user compare two different optimization results. Both indicated that they provided higher fidelity with the inclusion of the information added. Furthermore, the upcoming NASA Near-Earth Asteroid Campaign was studied as a case study. This campaign is the plan to send humans to an asteroid by 2025 announced by President Obama in April 2010. The campaign involves multiple missions, capabilities, and technologies that must be demonstrated to enable deep-space human exploration. Therefore, this thesis capitalized on that intention to show how adopting technology in earlier missions can act as a feed-forward method to demonstrate technology for future missions. The thesis showed the baseline technology portfolio, integrated dependencies into the process, compared its findings to the baseline case, and ultimately showed how adding higher fidelity into the process changes the user's decisions. Findings concerning the Near-Earth Asteroid Campaign, the use of dependencies to add fidelity and implications for future work are discussed.

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Nissen, Hannah Lee. "A multivariate descriptive study of infants and toddlers who are technology dependent /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779120907782.

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Nilsson, Jens. "Tree Transformations in Inductive Dependency Parsing." Licentiate thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1205.

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This licentiate thesis deals with automatic syntactic analysis, or parsing, of natural languages. A parser constructs the syntactic analysis, which it learns by looking at correctly analyzed sentences, known as training data. The general topic concerns manipulations of the training data in order to improve the parsing accuracy.

Several studies using constituency-based theories for natural languages in such automatic and data-driven syntactic parsing have shown that training data, annotated according to a linguistic theory, often needs to be adapted in various ways in order to achieve an adequate, automatic analysis. A linguistically sound constituent structure is not necessarily well-suited for learning and parsing using existing data-driven methods. Modifications to the constituency-based trees in the training data, and corresponding modifications to the parser output, have successfully been applied to increase the parser accuracy. The topic of this thesis is to investigate whether similar modifications in the form of tree transformations to training data, annotated with dependency-based structures, can improve accuracy for data-driven dependency parsers. In order to do this, two types of tree transformations are in focus in this thesis.

%This is a topic that so far has been less studied.

The first one concerns non-projectivity. The full potential of dependency parsing can only be realized if non-projective constructions are allowed, which pose a problem for projective dependency parsers. On the other hand, non-projective parsers tend, among other things, to be slower. In order to maintain the benefits of projective parsing, a tree transformation technique to recover non-projectivity while using a projective parser is presented here.

The second type of transformation concerns linguistic phenomena that are possible but hard for a parser to learn, given a certain choice of dependency analysis. This study has concentrated on two such phenomena, coordination and verb groups, for which tree transformations are applied in order to improve parsing accuracy, in case the original structure does not coincide with a structure that is easy to learn.

Empirical evaluations are performed using treebank data from various languages, and using more than one dependency parser. The results show that the benefit of these tree transformations used in preprocessing and postprocessing to a large extent is language, treebank and parser independent.

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Capshaw, Riley. "Relation Classification using Semantically-Enhanced Syntactic Dependency Paths : Combining Semantic and Syntactic Dependencies for Relation Classification using Long Short-Term Memory Networks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-153877.

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Many approaches to solving tasks in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) use syntactic dependency trees (SDTs) as a feature to represent the latent nonlinear structure within sentences. Recently, work in parsing sentences to graph-based structures which encode semantic relationships between words—called semantic dependency graphs (SDGs)—has gained interest. This thesis seeks to explore the use of SDGs in place of and alongside SDTs within a relation classification system based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. Two methods for handling the information in these graphs are presented and compared between two SDG formalisms. Three new relation extraction system architectures have been created based on these methods and are compared to a recent state-of-the-art LSTM-based system, showing comparable results when semantic dependencies are used to enhance syntactic dependencies, but with significantly fewer training parameters.

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Hall, Johan. "MaltParser -- An Architecture for Inductive Labeled Dependency Parsing." Licentiate thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-566.

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This licentiate thesis presents a software architecture for inductive labeled dependency parsing of unrestricted natural language text, which achieves a strict modularization of parsing algorithm, feature model and learning method such that these parameters can be varied independently. The architecture is based on the theoretical framework of inductive dependency parsing by Nivre \citeyear{nivre06c} and has been realized in MaltParser, a system that supports several parsing algorithms and learning methods, for which complex feature models can be defined in a special description language. Special attention is given in this thesis to learning methods based on support vector machines (SVM).

The implementation is validated in three sets of experiments using data from three languages (Chinese, English and Swedish). First, we check if the implementation realizes the underlying architecture. The experiments show that the MaltParser system outperforms the baseline and satisfies the basic constraints of well-formedness. Furthermore, the experiments show that it is possible to vary parsing algorithm, feature model and learning method independently. Secondly, we focus on the special properties of the SVM interface. It is possible to reduce the learning and parsing time without sacrificing accuracy by dividing the training data into smaller sets, according to the part-of-speech of the next token in the current parser configuration. Thirdly, the last set of experiments present a broad empirical study that compares SVM to memory-based learning (MBL) with five different feature models, where all combinations have gone through parameter optimization for both learning methods. The study shows that SVM outperforms MBL for more complex and lexicalized feature models with respect to parsing accuracy. There are also indications that SVM, with a splitting strategy, can achieve faster parsing than MBL. The parsing accuracy achieved is the highest reported for the Swedish data set and very close to the state of the art for Chinese and English.

Denna licentiatavhandling presenterar en mjukvaruarkitektur för

datadriven dependensparsning, dvs. för att automatiskt skapa en

syntaktisk analys i form av dependensgrafer för meningar i texter

på naturligt språk. Arkitekturen bygger på idén att man ska kunna variera parsningsalgoritm, särdragsmodell och inlärningsmetod oberoende av varandra. Till grund för denna arkitektur har vi använt det teoretiska ramverket för induktiv dependensparsning presenterat av Nivre \citeyear{nivre06c}. Arkitekturen har realiserats i programvaran MaltParser, där det är möjligt att definiera komplexa särdragsmodeller i ett speciellt beskrivningsspråk. I denna avhandling kommer vi att lägga extra tyngd vid att beskriva hur vi har integrerat inlärningsmetoden supportvektor-maskiner (SVM).

MaltParser valideras med tre experimentserier, där data från tre språk används (kinesiska, engelska och svenska). I den första experimentserien kontrolleras om implementationen realiserar den underliggande arkitekturen. Experimenten visar att MaltParser utklassar en trivial metod för dependensparsning (\emph{eng}. baseline) och de grundläggande kraven på välformade dependensgrafer uppfylls. Dessutom visar experimenten att det är möjligt att variera parsningsalgoritm, särdragsmodell och inlärningsmetod oberoende av varandra. Den andra experimentserien fokuserar på de speciella egenskaperna för SVM-gränssnittet. Experimenten visar att det är möjligt att reducera inlärnings- och parsningstiden utan att förlora i parsningskorrekthet genom att dela upp träningsdata enligt ordklasstaggen för nästa ord i nuvarande parsningskonfiguration. Den tredje och sista experimentserien presenterar en empirisk undersökning som jämför SVM med minnesbaserad inlärning (MBL). Studien använder sig av fem särdragsmodeller, där alla kombinationer av språk, inlärningsmetod och särdragsmodell

har genomgått omfattande parameteroptimering. Experimenten visar att SVM överträffar MBL för mer komplexa och lexikaliserade särdragsmodeller med avseende på parsningskorrekthet. Det finns även vissa indikationer på att SVM, med en uppdelningsstrategi, kan parsa en text snabbare än MBL. För svenska kan vi rapportera den högsta parsningskorrektheten hittills och för kinesiska och engelska är resultaten nära de bästa som har rapporterats.

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Shimizu, Fumie. "Role Development of Nurses for Technology-Dependent Children Attending Mainstream Schools in Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199218.

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Toly, Valerie Boebel. "Normalization and Family Functioning in Families with a Child who is Technology Dependent." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1238613023.

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31

Laramée, Philippe. "Directives nationales et évaluation des technologies de santé : la justesse des processus nationaux d’évaluation des technologies de Santé et des éléments d’évidences développés pour l’optimisation des bénéfices de Santé Publique, et l’application à la gestion des troubles liés à la consommation d’alcool associée à la précision méthodologique du développement d’évidences." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10028.

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Cette thèse aborde les processus nationaux d'Evaluation des Technologies de la Santé (HTA) en Europe, en Australie et au Canada, avec comme point de référence le processus proposé par le National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) en Angleterre. Une attention particulière est portée sur la façon dont les décisions sont prises dans la gestion des soins de santé, sur quelles considérations ces décisions sont fondées, et sur la valeur des différents éléments d'évidence disponibles pour correctement évaluer les implications d'une mise en oeuvre d'un point de vue pratique. Cette thèse analyse le développement de recommandations dans la gestion des soins de santé afin de permettre l'accès aux traitements les plus efficaces d'un point de vue clinique et économique. Ces recommandations sont réalisées à partir des meilleures évidences disponibles et d'un consensus entre cliniciens, scientifiques, économistes de la santé, gestionnaires des services de soin et patients. La pertinence d'une évaluation en continu des différentes étapes de la gestion d'un problème de santé est également abordée durant cette thèse. L'objectif serait de permettre la production optimale de bénéfices de santé publique en reliant l'évaluation des différents stades d'une maladie. Ainsi, on obtiendrait une appréciation générale qui prendrait en considération que certaines recommandations de soin peuvent appeler à plus de flexibilité ou de contraintes selon les différents stades d'une maladie. Appliquée à la gestion de la dépendance à l'alcool, les abus d'alcool et conséquences attribuables, cette thèse contextualise et analyse le développement optimal d'évidences d'efficacité, d'efficience et d'économie de la santé, le choix de méthodologies appropriées et la manière d'interpréter et d'analyser leurs résultats pour la production optimale de bénéfices de santé publique
The current thesis discusses national processes of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in Europe, Australia and Canada, with a central reference to the one proposed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England. This is with a focus on the manner decisions about healthcare technologies are taken, based on which considerations and evidence, and with which weight the evidence elements are interlinked with regard to public health implications. The thesis analyses the development of recommendations of care to allow access to the most clinicallyand cost-effective treatments available, based on the best and most up-to-date evidence, and on the consensus from collaboration between clinicians, scientists, health economists, health service managers, as well as patients. Additionally, is discussed the value of covering all components of a disease evolution in assessing in continuum the different steps of disease management. This aims to allow the optimal generation of public health benefits in interlinking appraisals across different stages of disease for a generalist assessment of care, considering that recommendations in some aspects of care can call for more flexibility or constraints in other aspects. With an application to the management of alcohol use disorders, alcohol dependence and attributable harmful consequences, the thesis contextualizes and analyses decisions in the development of health economics and outcomes research evidence, the choice of methodology and directions taken, and their interpretation for optimal generation of public health benefits

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Abdullah, Nik Ab Halim Nik. "The role of technology attributes, trust and dependency on e-procuremnt adoptions: an empirical analysis of Malaysian manufacturers." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2009. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006532/.

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Firms may gain benefit from each other‘s skills and resources when they engaged in a long term supply chain relationship, hence, improving their competitive advantage. Adoption of information technology initiatives such as e-procurement systems may further enhance the effectiveness of the relationship. Trust and dependency factors have been identified as important elements that influence business relationships. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of technology attributes, inter-organizational trust and inter-organizational dependency manufacturer‘s have towards their suppliers and customers when making an e-procurement adoption decision. This study also aims to determine if there is a critical gap between trust and dependency towards suppliers and customers and to identify which trust and dependency constructs have the most critical gap. Data was collected through case study interviews and mail survey questionnaires. It was analysed using the Partial Least Square Regression (PLS) analysis where the results indicate that dependency did have a significant positive influence on e-procurement adoption decisions, while trust did not. Size of the company, which is a control variable, has a significantly negative effect on adoption decision. Hence, this study confirmed that the level of dependency and size of company did influence an e-procurement adoption decision. Three gap analysis methods, namely the T-test analysis, weighted mean gap and the un-weighted Important Performance Analysis (IPA), were adopted and the results indicate that there is a significant gap between trust and dependency towards the supplier and customer, where the level of both variables are higher towards the customer than the supplier. Construct related to communication of problem is identified as trust factor with the most critical gap, while how partners help improve a firm‘s reputation and the level of knowledge transfer have the most critical gap for dependency. This study extends the body of literature related to information technology adoption factors by investigating the effect of trust and dependency in supply chain relationships within a single study. While findings on dependency and size of company are consistent with previous studies, findings on trust provide a new paradigm to trust-related studies as it is identified as not an important factor that influence e-procurement adoption decisions, particularly in a developing country such as Malaysia.

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33

Riendeau, Sylvain. "Rate dependent response of graphiteepoxy in transverse shear." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22673.

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The use of fiber reinforced plastic composites in critical applications has increased dramatically in recent years. To take full advantage of the benefits of these materials, it is essential to be able to predict their behavior under impact. The continuum damage model by Nemes and Randles attempts to answer that need. For a complete formulation, the rate dependence of the material under the different modes of damage has to be quantified. Experiments, where the modes of damage are isolated from each other are therefore needed.
A punching experiment was chosen to isolate the transverse shear response of the composites. The tests were conducted on a 24 ply graphite/epoxy AS4/3501-6 quasi-isotropic lay-up over a wide range of loading rates. Low and medium rate experiments are performed using a hydraulic testing machine with a specially designed punch shear fixture to obtain load versus displacement results. High rate experiments (in the order of 10$ sp3$) are performed using a punch shear version of the split Hopkinson bar apparatus, which was developed as part of this project.
For both kinds of tests, load versus displacement curves were obtained at different loading rates. The specimens were x-rayed to evaluate the damage inflicted to the specimen. Optical microscopy of sectioned samples of partially punched specimens was used to construct a sequence of the damage process.
Cracking initiates in the shear zone of the specimen side contacted by the punch bar. This is followed by delamination in the lower part of the plug. Finally, after significant rotation of the material, tensile failure occurs. The plug can then be pushed out. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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German, Alexandra Elisa. "Paxillin-dependent control of tumor angiogenesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87505.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Medical Engineering, Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-122).
Angiogenesis- the growth of new capillaries from existing vessels- is required for tumor growth; however, tumor vessels exhibit abnormal structure and function, which impairs the targeted delivery of anti-cancer agents. While directional migration of capillary endothelial cells is critical for normal angiogenesis, the mechanism by which oriented capillary cell migration is controlled or how it is deregulated during tumorigenesis is unknown. Recently our lab reported that the focal adhesion protein, paxillin, is required for directional migration of fibroblasts. Endothelial cells also express paxillin and localize it in their focal adhesions. Thus, I set out to analyze whether paxillin influences directional migration of endothelial cells. When the expression of paxillin is knocked down in endothelial cells, this enhances their migration but decreases their directional persistence in vitro and in vivo in migration, angiogenesis and developmental assays. Having confirmed that paxillin plays a central role in controlling oriented capillary cell migration, I then studied the mechanism by which it contributes to normal microvessel network formation and tumor angiogenesis. I found that paxillin knockdown increases microvessel density but causes loss of sprout orientation. These characteristics resemble those of tumor vasculature, and, in fact, studies revealed that tumors inhibit paxillin expression in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo by secreting soluble factors, such as the potent angiogenic factor VEGF. Mechanistically, paxillin knockdown decreases expression of the VEGF receptor neuropilin 2 (NRP2) but not VEGF receptor 2, and this is mediated by the transcription factor GATA2. Direct knockdown of NRP2 also increases endothelial cell migration and vessel density in vitro and in vivo and these effects are rescued by over expressing paxillin. In summary, these studies have led to the discovery of a new mechanism for control of directional endothelial cell migration during angiogenesis that is mediated by paxillin-NRP2 signaling. Importantly, this previously unknown mechanism is deregulated in tumor angiogenesis, which may contribute to the enhanced, disorganized microvasculature that is hallmark of cancer. These findings also revealed a new function for the focal adhesion protein, paxillin, as a mediator of tumor angiogenesis, and elucidated a novel mechanism for control of the expression of NRP2.
by Alexandra Elisa German.
Ph. D. in Medical Engineering

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Clawson, John K. "Service Dependency Analysis via TCP/UDP Port Tracing." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5479.

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Enterprise networks are traditionally mapped via layers two or three, providing a view of what devices are connected to different parts of the network infrastructure. A method was developed to map connections at layer four, providing a view of interconnected systems and services instead of network infrastructure. This data was graphed and displayed in a web application. The information proved beneficial in identifying connections between systems or imbalanced clusters when troubleshooting problems with enterprise applications.

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Yusupujiang, Zulipiye. "Using Unsupervised Morphological Segmentation to Improve Dependency Parsing for Morphologically Rich Languages." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354459.

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In this thesis, we mainly investigate the influence of using unsupervised morphological segmentation as features on the dependency parsing of morphologically rich languages such as Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Turkish, Uyghur, and Kazakh. Studying the morphology of these languages is of great importance for the dependency parsing of morphologically rich languages since dependency relations in a sentence of these languages mostly rely on morphemes rather than word order. In order to investigate our research questions, we have conducted a large number of parsing experiments both on MaltParser and UDPipe. We have generated the supervised morphology and the predicted POS tags from UDPipe, and obtained the unsupervised morphological segmentation from Morfessor, and have converted the unsupervised morphological segmentation into features and added them to the UD treebanks of each language. We have also investigated the different ways of converting the unsupervised segmentation into features and studied the result of each method. We have reported the Labeled Attachment Score (LAS) for all of our experimental results. The main finding of this study is that dependency parsing of some languages can be improved simply by providing unsupervised morphology during parsing if there is no manually annotated or supervised morphology available for such languages. After adding unsupervised morphological information with predicted POS tags, we get improvement of 4.9%, 6.0%, 8.7%, 3.3%, 3.7%, and 12.0% on the test set of Turkish, Uyghur, Kazakh, Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian respectively on MaltParser, and the parsing accuracies have been improved by 2.7%, 4.1%, 8.2%, 2.4%, 1.6%, and 2.6% on the test set of Turkish, Uyghur, Kazakh, Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian respectively on UDPipe when comparing the results from the models which do not use any morphological information during parsing.

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Dakpo, K. Hervé. "Non-parametric modelling of pollution-generating technologies : theoretical and methodological considerations, with an application to the case of greenhouse gas emissions in suckler breeding systems in French grassland areas." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10474/document.

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La prise en compte des problèmes environnementaux dans la responsabilité sociale des entreprises a généré en économie de nombreuses propositions. Parmi elles, le cadre d’analyse basé sur l’évaluation de la performance en utilisant notamment les techniques d’enveloppement des données (DEA) s’est très vite répandu dans la littérature théorique comme empirique. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans cette logique en mettant l’accent sur la modélisation des technologies polluantes. Par ailleurs, la question des changements climatiques et de la forte contribution de l’agriculture et en particulier de l’élevage dans les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) impose à ce secteur de relever aujourd’hui en plus du défi économique celui de l’amélioration de sa performance environnementale. L’objectif général de cette recherche doctorale est donc de fournir un nouveau cadre d’analyse théorique et empirique dans la modélisation des technologies polluantes afin d’évaluer l’éco-efficience des systèmes productifs, en particulier le cas des émissions de GES en élevage extensif de ruminants. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons les limites théoriques et méthodologiques des modèles existants. Néanmoins, nous insistons sur le fait que les approches basées sur l’estimation de plusieurs sous-technologies indépendantes pour prendre en compte les différents processus présents dans les systèmes productifs sont très prometteuses. Dès lors dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons une nouvelle extension de la méthode « by-production » qui repose sur l’introduction d’interconnections entre les différentes sous-technologies impliquées afin de construire un système plus unifié. Dans un troisième temps, une comparaison empirique utilisant des données d’exploitations de viande ovine de notre extension avec les approches existantes a révélé certaines incohérences de ces dernières. Enfin pour aller plus loin, nous élargissons dans un quatrième temps notre approche afin de prendre en compte les aspects dynamiques et notamment la présence de coûts d’ajustement. Les résultats de l’analyse empirique entreprise avec des données d’exploitations bovines allaitantes (viande) ont révélé la nécessité de prendre en compte ces aspects, mais ont aussi révélé la forte hétérogénéité existante dans les stratégies d’investissements des éleveurs
The growing importance of environmental matters in social responsibility of firms has generated many frameworks of analysis in the economic literature. Among those frameworks, performance evaluation and benchmarking using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have increased at a very fast rate. This PhD research focuses on models that include undesirable outputs such as pollution in the overall production system, to appraise eco-efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). Besides, the recent awareness on the large contribution of agriculture and particularly livestock farming to global warming, has highlighted for this sector the challenge of reaching both economic and environmental performances. In this line, the overall objective of this dissertation is to provide a theoretical and empirical background in modelling pollution-generating technologies and to suggest theoretical improvements that are consistent with the particular case of greenhouse gas emissions in extensive livestock systems. Firstly, we showed that all existing approaches that deal with undesirable outputs in the non-parametric analysis (i.e. DEA) have some strong drawbacks. However, the models grounded on the estimation of multiple independent sub-technologies offer interesting opportunities. Secondly, I developed a new framework that extends the by-production approach through the introduction of some explicit dependence constraints that link the sub-technologies in order to build a unified system. Thirdly, an empirical comparison, using a sample of French sheep meat farms, of this by-production modelling extension with the existing approaches, revealed some inconsistencies of these latter. Finally, we expanded this new by-production formulation to account for dynamic aspects related to the presence of adjustment costs. The application to the case of French suckler cow farms underlined the necessity of accounting for dynamic aspects and also showed high heterogeneity in investment strategies of these farmers

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Ashry, Abdelaal Ahmed. "Adsorption and time dependent fixation of uranium (VI) in synthetic and natural matrices." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40353/.

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Disposal of low level radioactive liquid waste to soil is commonly practiced. Therefore, sorption of uranium from aqueous solution and fixation of uranium into soil are processes which are crucial to the attenuation of uranium and protection of groundwater. Exposure of human populations is either by direct water consumption or through crop irrigation and transfer into the food chain. In this study a range of materials, including natural materials (e.g. biochar and the natural zeolites ‘Chabazite and Mordenite’) and the synthetic zeolite ‘Faujasite-X’, were investigated as potential adsorbents for UVI from aqueous solution. A range of experiments were carried out to investigate the efficacy of using these adsorbents to successfully adsorb and fix UVI from aqueous solutions. These included sorption and desorption experiments, quantifying time-dependent fixation of UVI and applying kinetic models of this process and measuring isotopically exchangeable UVI within adsorbent materials when possible. The factors affecting adsorption processes, such as solution pH, initially added UVI concentrations and adsorption contact time, were also investigated. Speciation of U in the solution phase was investigated using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM-VII). Saturation indices of potential solid phases were also configured using known solubility products and the free ion activities predicted from the speciation model, WHAM-VII. Mordenite zeolite showed a poor adsorption affinity for UVI as the solution pH was continuously buffered towards high pH values > 6.5 which favours UVI ion solubilisation as a result of uranyl carbonate complex formation. Uranium (VI) ion adsorption on chabazite at pH 4.7 at 20 oC was found to fit the Freundlich adsorption isotherm but the optimised equation parameters were unique for each contact time of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days. The time-dependent fixation of UVI on chabazite was found to follow an irreversible first-order kinetic equation and an intraparticle diffusion model suggesting slow penetration of chabazite porous structure following initial surface adsorption. Isotopically exchangeable 238UVI (the E-value, UE) adsorbed on chabazite showed that > 65% of initially added UVI remained isotopically exchangeable. Faujasite-X also showed time-dependent fixation of UVI over 35 days of adsorption contact time at pH values 4, 5 and 6. The adsorption kinetics were best described by an irreversible first-order equation and a spherical diffusion model. Desorption trends showed that UVI adsorption into faujasite- X was almost wholly irreversible. Saturation indices calculated from the solubility products and free ion activities of constituent ions showed that the fixation of UVI was not controlled by the precipitation of any solid phase investigated at the studied range of pH values. Bone biochar, a by-product from the production of biofuel and syngas by gasification, was tested as a material for adsorption and fixation of UVI from aqueous solutions. A batch experiment was conducted to study the factors that influence the adsorption and time-dependent fixation on biochar at 20◦C, including pH, initial concentration of UVI and contact time. Uranium (UVI) adsorption was highly dependent on pH. However, it was found that UVI adsorption on biochar was high over a wide range of pH values, from 4.5 to 9.0, and adsorption strength was time-dependent over several days. The experimental data for pH> 7 were most effectively modelled using a Freundlich adsorption isotherm coupled to a reversible first order kinetic equation to describe the time-dependent fixation of UVI within the biochar structure. Desorption experiments showed that UVI was only sparingly desorbable from the biochar with time and isotopic dilution with 233UVI confirmed the low, and time-dependent, lability of adsorbed 238UVI. Below pH 7 the adsorption isotherm trend suggested that precipitation, rather than true adsorption, may occur. Across all pH values (4.5–9) measured saturation indices suggested precipitation was possible: autunite below pH 6.5 and swartzite, liebigite or bayleyite above pH 6.5 Another source of bone biochar with a fraction size of (20x 60 mesh) was investigated as candidate materials for soil remediation. Its ability both to adsorb uranium and to render it non-labile (i.e. chemically inactive) was tested by addition to a wide range of soils recently spiked with 238UVI and incubated under moist conditions. The overall aim was to recommend improved strategies for immobilisation of uranium in soils subject to application of low level radioactive waste solutions. Several measurements were made to assess possible reductions in U availability from biochar addition, including U solubility in 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2, exchangeability in 1 M Mg(NO3)2 solution and isotopic dilution with 233U and 236U. Results showed that 41.3 %, 27.6%, 28.9% and 31.7% were isotopically exchangeable on average for soil amended with 0%, 3%, 5% and 10% loading of biochar, but overall there appeared to be only marginal advantages in adding even large concentrations of biochar to soil. The major factor controlling U solubility, exchangeability and lability was soil pH and the pH value resulting from biochar, rather than the biochar itself. Therefore, while the use of biochar to effectively remove U from water is clear, its role in adsorbing U in the highly buffered soil environment is probably minimal.

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39

French, Brian M. "Caregivers' perceptions of nurse-led discharge education interventions: Knowledge needed for adequate care of a technology-dependent infant in the home setting." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108082.

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Thesis advisor: Pamela J. Grace
Background: Advances in clinical care over the past 40 years have saved the lives of many infants who previously would not have survived. However, a substantial proportion of these children need on-going technological support and are cared for at home by family caregivers with or without the assistance of home care services. Existing studies describe the experience of family caregivers of technology-dependent children post-discharge, but there is a gap in knowledge related to caregivers’ perceptions of nurse-led discharge teaching. Purpose: To describe caregivers’ perceptions of nurse-led discharge education designed to prepare them to care for their technology-dependent infant in the home setting and to uncover factors that facilitate or hinder its effectiveness. Method: A qualitative descriptive study design was employed to explore caregivers’ perceptions of nurse-led discharge education efforts. Demographic data was collected prior to conducting a semi-structured interview. Interview data were analyzed in an iterative fashion using qualitative content analysis. Sample Recruitment was via purposive sampling aimed to find caregivers of technology-dependent infants under the age of three. Nine participants completed the study. Results: An overarching theme, caregiver learning and self-advocacy is enhanced by positive nurse/caregiver relationships and team cohesion, especially during anxiety-producing transitions in care, emerged from the data. The overarching theme encompasses five major themes and several major themes. The five main themes are: the nurse/caregiver relationship enhances learning; the complexity of care presents challenges to the learning process; team performance affects caregivers’ level of anxiety/uncertainty; caregivers’ level of expertise improves self-advocacy; and transitions in care settings contribute to caregiver anxiety. Conclusion: Insights that contribute to nursing knowledge of the caregivers’ experience of nurse-led discharge education and their perceptions of factors that help or hinder their learning were gained. Implications for nursing include the importance of caregivers’ involvement in care team discussions, the necessity of basing teaching approaches and materials in knowledge of best practices, and improved care coordination and discharge planning. Further nursing research, that can generalize findings and generate interventions is also needed to improve the care of this population
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing

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40

TOROK, LISA SPANGLER. "THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF RECEIVING AND CARING FOR A TECHNOLOGY DEPENDENT INFANT IN THE HOME." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1005843009.

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41

Hussin, Razaidi. "A statistical study of time dependent reliability degradation of nanoscale MOSFET devices." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8052/.

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Charge trapping at the channel interface is a fundamental issue that adversely affects the reliability of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) devices. This effect represents a new source of statistical variability as these devices enter the nano-scale era. Recently, charge trapping has been identified as the dominant phenomenon leading to both random telegraph noise (RTN) and bias temperature instabilities (BTI). Thus, understanding the interplay between reliability and statistical variability in scaled transistors is essential to the implementation of a ‘reliability-aware’ complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit design. In order to investigate statistical reliability issues, a methodology based on a simulation flow has been developed in this thesis that allows a comprehensive and multi-scale study of charge-trapping phenomena and their impact on transistor and circuit performance. The proposed methodology is accomplished by using the Gold Standard Simulations (GSS) technology computer-aided design (TCAD)-based design tool chain co-optimization (DTCO) tool chain. The 70 nm bulk IMEC MOSFET and the 22 nm Intel fin-shape field effect transistor (FinFET) have been selected as targeted devices. The simulation flow starts by calibrating the device TCAD simulation decks against experimental measurements. This initial phase allows the identification of the physical structure and the doping distributions in the vertical and lateral directions based on the modulation in the inversion layer’s depth as well as the modulation of short channel effects. The calibration is further refined by taking into account statistical variability to match the statistical distributions of the transistors’ figures of merit obtained by measurements. The TCAD simulation investigation of RTN and BTI phenomena is then carried out in the presence of several sources of statistical variability. The study extends further to circuit simulation level by extracting compact models from the statistical TCAD simulation results. These compact models are collected in libraries, which are then utilised to investigate the impact of the BTI phenomenon, and its interaction with statistical variability, in a six transistor-static random access memory (6T-SRAM) cell. At the circuit level figures of merit, such as the static noise margin (SNM), and their statistical distributions are evaluated. The focus of this thesis is to highlight the importance of accounting for the interaction between statistical variability and statistical reliability in the simulation of advanced CMOS devices and circuits, in order to maintain predictivity and obtain a quantitative agreement with a measured data. The main findings of this thesis can be summarised by the following points: Based on the analysis of the results, the dispersions of VT and ΔVT indicate that a change in device technology must be considered, from the planar MOSFET platform to a new device architecture such as FinFET or SOI. This result is due to the interplay between a single trap charge and statistical variability, which has a significant impact on device operation and intrinsic parameters as transistor dimensions shrink further. The ageing process of transistors can be captured by using the trapped charge density at the interface and observing the VT shift. Moreover, using statistical analysis one can highlight the extreme transistors and their probable effect on the circuit or system operation. The influence of the passgate (PG) transistor in a 6T-SRAM cell gives a different trend of the mean static noise margin.

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You, Huiling. "Unsupervised Lexical Semantic Change Detection with Context-Dependent Word Representations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444871.

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In this work, we explore the usefulness of contextualized embeddings from language models on lexical semantic change (LSC) detection. With diachronic corpora spanning two time periods, we construct word embeddings for a selected set of target words, aiming at detecting potential LSC of each target word across time. We explore different systems of embeddings to cover three topics: contextualized vs static word embeddings, token- vs type-based embeddings, and multilingual vs monolingual language models. We use a multilingual dataset covering three languages (English, German, Swedish) and explore each system of embedding with two subtasks, a binary classification task and a ranking task. We compare the performance of different systems of embeddings, and seek to answer our research questions through discussion and analysis of experimental results. We show that contextualized word embeddings are on par with static word embeddings in the classification task. Our results also show that it is more beneficial to use the contextualized embeddings from a multilingual model than from a language specific model in most cases. We present that token-based setting is strong for static embeddings, and type-based setting for contextual embeddings, especially for the ranking task. We provide some explanation for the results we achieve, and propose improvements that can be made to our experiments for future work.

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Kjerrgren, Anders, and Max Larsson. "Introducing heterogeneities in biological neuronal network models with distance-dependent connectivity." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230745.

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Computational studies of biological neuronal network dynamics are often conducted on isotropic and homogeneous network models where all neurons are assumed to be identical. Here, we look at three different spatially extended networks and introduce heterogeneities in the connectivity. The first resembles the classical isotropic approach and connections are equally probable to be made in every direction. In the other two networks we impose preferred directions in recurrent excitatory connections. All excitatory neurons in the second network has a higher probability to connect in one direction. In the third network nearby neurons prefer similar directions, but distant neurons remain uncorrelated. We further analyze the irregularity of spike-timings of individual neurons, the synchrony of the network, network oscillations, as well as the flow of activity. Finally, we show that meaningful behavior can be generated if nearby neurons prefer to connect in similar directions.
Vid analys av dynamiken hos biologiska neuronala nätverk används ofta isotropa och homo- gena nätverksmodeller där alla neuroner antas vara identiska. Här tittar vi på tre nätverk med rumslig utbredning och introducerar heterogeniteter i kopplingarna. Det första påminner om det klassiska isotropa fallet och kopplingar görs med samma sannolikhet i alla riktningar. I de andra två nätverken inför vi kopplingsriktningar som är mer sannolika i de återkom- mande excitatoriska kopplingarna. Alla excitatoriska neuroner i det andra nätverket har en större sannolikhet att koppla i en riktning. I det tredje nätverket föredrar närliggande neu- roner att koppla i samma riktning, medan neuroner på större avstånd är oberoende. Vidare analyserar vi irreguljäriteten av tiderna då enstaka neuroner aktiveras, nätverkets synkroni- tet, nätverksoscillationer, samt flödet av aktiviten. Slutligen så visar vi att ett meningsfullt nätverksbeteende kan genereras om närliggande neuroner föredrar liknande kopplingsrikt- ningar.

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Wang, Tonghe. "Identifying Base Noun Phrases by Means of Recurrent Neural Networks : Using Morphological and Dependency Features." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412778.

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Noun phrases convey key information in communication and are of interest in NLP tasks. A base NP is deﬁned as the headword and left-hand side modiﬁers of a noun phrase. In this thesis, we identify base NPs in Universal Dependencies treebanks in English and French using an RNN architecture.The data of this thesis consist of three multi-layered treebanks in which each sentence is annotated in both constituency and dependency formalisms. To build our training data, we ﬁnd base NPs in the constituency layers and project them onto the dependency layer by labeling corresponding tokens. For input features, we devised 18 conﬁgurations of features available in UD annotation. We train RNN models with LSTM and GRU cells with diﬀerent numbers of epochs on these conﬁgurations of features.Tested on monolingual and bilingual test sets, our models delivered satisfactory token-based F1 scores (92.70% on English, 94.87% on French, 94.29% on bilingual test set). The most predicative conﬁguration of features is found out to be pos_dep_parent_child_morph, which covers 1) dependency relations between the current token, its syntactic head, its leftmost and rightmost syntactic dependents; 2) PoS tags of these tokens; and 3) morphological features of the current token.

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Mendes, Michele A. "Parents' descriptions of ideal home nursing care for their technology dependent child, themselves, and their families /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3135909.

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46

Mack, Peter J. (Peter Joseph) 1980. "Biomechanical regulation of arteriogenesis : defining critical endothelial-dependent events." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45910.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-101).
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health concern for Americans and people worldwide. Arteriogenesis, an adaptive remodeling process in which pre-existing collateral arterioles remodel to form large diameter conductance arteries, has received recent attention for its therapeutic potential in treating CHD, but the mechanisms regulating the process remain incompletely understood. In particular, little is known about how collateral flow, and the resulting effect of shear stress acting along the collateral vessel wall, regulates coronary collateralization. This Thesis combines a series of experimental systems to define the responses evoked in endothelial cells exposed to hemodynamic waveforms characteristic of coronary collateral vessels and the subsequent paracrine effects on smooth muscle cells. Initially, a lumped parameter model of the human coronary collateral circulation was used to simulate normal (NCC) and adaptive remodeling (ACC) coronary collateral shear stress waveforms. These waveforms were then applied to cultured human endothelial cells (EC) and the resulting differences in EC gene expression were assessed by genome-wide transcriptional profiling, identifying genes distinctly regulated by collateral flow, including genes important for endothelial-smooth muscle interactions. In particular, the transcription factor KLF2 was upregulated by the ACC waveform and several of its downstream targets displayed the expected modulation, including the downregulation of Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Moreover, delivery of endothelial conditioned medium generated throughout the collateral flow experiments to culture smooth muscle cells (SMC) resulted in the modulation of SMC genes related to vessel maturation and stabilization. In the second part of this Thesis, the effect of endothelial KLF2 expression on SMC migration was characterized using a 3D microfluidic assay capable of monitoring SMC migration in co-culture with EC. Using this 3D system, it was found that KLF2-expressing EC co-cultured with SMC significantly reduce SMC migration compared to control EC and that this reduction can be rescued by delivery of soluble CTGF.
(cont.) Collectively, these results demonstrate that the shear stress generated by collateral flow evokes distinct EC gene expression profiles and functional phenotypes that subsequently influence vascular events important for adaptive remodeling and provides experimental evidence supporting efforts directed at investigating endothelial KLF2 as a molecular target for therapeutic arteriogenesis.
by Pater J. Mack.
Ph.D.

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47

Francis, Nikolas A. (Nikolas Alejandro). "Auditory task-dependent control of human cochlear responses to sound." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70814.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2012.
Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Accurate sensory perception in noisy environments requires physiological mechanisms that reduce sensory interference. In the auditory system, it has been hypothesized that attentional control of cochlear responses to sound facilitates listening in noisy environments by modulating the effects of medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent activity in the cochlea. However, conclusive support for this hypothesis has been elusive over the past 50 years. We investigated this issue using a novel experimental paradigm in which human subjects performed auditory tasks on transient sounds presented in acoustic noise, while we recorded click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) in the task ear. CEOAEs are low-level sounds that are generated in the cochlea, recorded in the ear-canal and provide a non-invasive measure of the MOC effects on cochlear mechanical responses to sound. Our results show clear evidence that attending to transient sounds in noise caused an increase in MOC activity during the auditory task. MOC activity was greater on trials with correct responses compared to trials with incorrect responses, which provides evidence that the MOC activity brought about a perceptually beneficial change in cochlear operation. In addition, the task-dependent MOC activity scaled with auditory task difficulty and varied with task instructions. These results indicate the existence of a dynamic task-dependent interaction between the cochlea and the brain that has the function of optimizing cochlear operation to enhance auditory perceptual accuracy in noisy acoustic environments.
by Nikolas A. Francis.
Ph.D.

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48

Moon, Paul. "The application of modernisation theory to phases in Maori development since 1800 a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Maori Development, at Te Ara Poutama, Faculty of Maori Development, Auckland University of Technology, 2004 /." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.

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Johansson, Vida. "Depending on VR : Rule-based Text Simplification Based on Dependency Relations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139043.

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The amount of text that is written and made available increases all the time. However, it is not readily accessible to everyone. The goal of the research presented in this thesis was to develop a system for automatic text simplification based on dependency relations, develop a set of simplification rules for the system, and evaluate the performance of the system. The system was built on a previous tool and developments were made to ensure the that the system could perform the operations necessary for the rules included in the rule set. The rule set was developed by manual adaption of the rules to a set of training texts. The evaluation method used was a classification task with both objective measures (precision and recall) and a subjective measure (correctness). The performance of the system was compared to that of a system based on constituency relations. The results showed that the current system scored higher on both precision (96% compared to 82%) and recall (86% compared to 53%), indicating that the syntactic information dependency relations provide is sufficient to perform text simplification. Further evaluation should account for how helpful the text simplification produced by the current system is for target readers.

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Schrock, Andrew. "MYSPACE OR OURSPACE: A MEDIA SYSTEM DEPENDENCY VIEW OF MYSPACE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4023.

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MySpace is a type of "social networking" website where people meet, socialize, and create friendships. The way MySpace members, particularly younger individuals, interact online underscores the changing nature of mass media. Media system dependency states that individuals become reliant on media in their daily life because of fundamental human goals. This reliance, termed a dependency, leads to repeated use. Media system dependency was applied in the current study to explain how and why individuals became habitual MySpace users. To attain results a survey was administered to a convenience sampling of 401 adult undergraduates at the University of Central Florida. Members reported MySpace dependency had a moderate correlation to MySpace use, and they actively used the website an average of 1.3 hours of use per day. Results indicated members use MySpace to primarily satisfy play and interaction orientation dependencies. MySpace use was found to have a correlation with number of MySpace friends. "Number of friends created" in turn had a correlation with MySpace dependency, as people returned to interact with their friends. Individual factors were also found to be a source of influence in MySpace dependency. These individual factors were demographics, psychological factors related to use of the Internet, and psychological factors related to use of MySpace. Factors related to MySpace, extroversion and self-disclosure, were positively correlated with intensity of dependency. The influence of factors related to the Internet was partly supported; computer self-efficacy was not significantly related to MySpace dependency, while computer anxiety was significantly related to MySpace dependency. Speed of connection to the Internet and available time to use the Internet were not related to MySpace dependency. Additionally, significant differences were found between genders in overall dependency, extroversion, self-disclosure, computer anxiety, and computer self-efficacy. These findings provide evidence that MySpace members were little, if at all, constrained by factors related to use of the Internet, but were attracted to the websites for similar reasons as real-life relationships. Finally, MySpace is just one of the large number of online resources that are predominantly social, such as email, message boards, and online chat. This study found that through a "technology cluster" MySpace members use these other social innovations more frequently than non-members. However, members also used significantly more non-social innovations, which may indicate that MySpace members are part of a larger technology cluster than anticipated or perhaps are in the same category of innovation adopter.
M.A.
Nicholson School of Communication
Sciences
Communication

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Technology dependence'

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