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Academic literature on the topic 'Technology Transfer, Academic entrepreneurship, Spinoff'
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Journal articles on the topic "Technology Transfer, Academic entrepreneurship, Spinoff"
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Pitsakis, Konstantinos, and Claudio Giachetti. "Information-based imitation of university commercialization strategies: The role of technology transfer office autonomy, age, and membership into an association." Strategic Organization 18, no. 4 (2019): 573–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127019850098.
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We investigate whether university technology transfer offices, that is, divisions responsible for the commercialization of academic research, imitate their industry peers when designing their commercialization strategy. We borrow from information-based theories of imitation and the literature on academic entrepreneurship to argue that given a technology transfer office’s autonomy to strategize independently from its parent university, information from within and outside the technology transfer office affects its propensity to imitate the commercialization strategy of the “most successful peers,” that is, those with the largest live spinoff portfolio and greatest revenues from spinoffs in the industry. We contend that a technology transfer office’s experience, that is, a function of its age, represents a key internal source of information for the technology transfer office when deciding whether to imitate or not; we also consider the technology transfer office’s embeddedness in a network where the most successful peer is also a member as a key external source of information. From data on 86 British university technology transfer offices and their commercialization strategies between 1993 and 2007 that were drawn from both secondary sources and in-depth interviews with technology transfer office managers, we find that there is a negative relationship between technology transfer offices’ autonomy and their level of imitation of the most successful technology transfer office’s strategy, and that this relationship is moderated by the technology transfer offices’ age and by their membership into an association where the most successful technology transfer office is also a member.
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Xia, Jing, Wei Liu, Sang-Bing Tsai, Guodong Li, Chien-Chi Chu, and Kai Wang. "A System Dynamics Framework for Academic Entrepreneurship." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (2018): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072430.
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Academic entrepreneurship (AE) models have enhanced the ability of scholars to delineate elements and relationships that are consistent with entrepreneurial activities. However, previous research has not focused on the dynamic feedback loops within AE. Prior models have seldom included feedback obtained from interrupted or implemented activities integrated with individual, organizational, and strategic variables. This paper proposes a model of AE from the perspective of system dynamics that seeks to explore key features of this complex process within the boundaries of a spinoff company. To achieve this goal, we developed a framework that includes four main phases: recognition, commitment, credibility, and sustainability. The model examines and analyzes the key role of innovative academic entrepreneurship during each stage. Feedback loops provide the link between strategic assessment and entrepreneurial renewal according to which AE integrates entrepreneurial and strategic efforts. Combining various perspectives from the previous literature, the proposed model can be activated from any point during the process. By introducing a system dynamics context for the model, this research expands upon the thinking of prior AE research. In practical application, our proposed framework provides insights into the feedback loops and other complexities of the AE process that academic entrepreneurs can apply to support the transfer of innovations in science and technology from academia to commercial settings.
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Almeida, Fernando. "SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS." Entrepreneurship 9, no. 2 (2021): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.1.
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This study aims to explore and synthesize the academic entrepreneurship indicators that can be used by university institutions to understand their degree of development and maturities in supporting entrepreneurship processes. To this end, a systematic review is used to characterize the studies published in the last decade, the researchers who have led this research field, the adopted methodologies, and the structure and dimensions of indicators. The results allowed us to identify a set of 29 indicators distributed by 8 dimensions such as patents, university spinoffs, infrastructures, industry engagement, process creativity, process efficiency, process outcomes, and training. This study is innovative in focusing its analysis on academic entrepreneurship indicators. The knowledge of these indicators is relevant from a conceptual and practical perspective and will help universities to improve their technology transfer processes which will serve as a fundamental element in the implementation of the university's third mission.
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Mariani, Giovanna, Ada Carlesi, and Alfredo Antonino Scarfò. "Academic spinoffs as a value driver for intellectual capital: the case of the University of Pisa." Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, no. 1 (2018): 202–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-03-2017-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss academic spinoffs (ASO) as an expression of the value creation of university technology transfer (TT) investments. More recently, scholars have emphasised intellectual capital’s (IC) importance, also for universities in obtaining competitive advantages and by creating value. Such spinoffs are key to regional development, as a primary aspect of universities’ IC. Design/methodology/approach The authors tested the aim through a sample of the University of Pisa’s spinoffs. The authors measured the value the university’s third mission investment generates on the area by means of entrepreneurship through two different approaches. First, the authors defined a multiplier of the TT investment (university TT multiplier) and then explored the IC components’ contributions to the ASOs’ enterprise value (EV). Findings The results show that the University of Pisa’s TT investments positively impact the local community through the spinoff system, both in economic terms and in IC. In the long term, these investments can enrich scientific humus and entrepreneurial mindsets. Research limitations/implications This is an exploratory study of the University of Pisa’s impacts on the local economy. The results are limited to the context of Pisa and to the TT policy. Another limitation is the subjectivity of the EV estimation. Practical implications The results can have some practical implications. The large portfolio of university stakeholders (policymakers, families, students, companies, financiers, etc.) ask for information, especially on long-term results: in a simple way, the multiplier is able to communicate important feedbacks to support their decision-making process. Social implications With the multiplier, the authors give a tool to measure the social enrichment. Originality/value In the study, the authors propose a new tool to measure the impact of the investment in TT on the local community.
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Prokop, Daniel, Robert Huggins, and Gillian Bristow. "The survival of academic spinoff companies: An empirical study of key determinants." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 37, no. 5 (2019): 502–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242619833540.
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The formation of university spinoff companies has been studied extensively, yet limited attention has been devoted to their survival. Consequently, little is known about spinoff’s later stage developments. Spinoff companies exist in university networks where they access resources through different types of actors. However, it remains unclear on which actors specifically these firms should focus their networking efforts, especially in relation to their success. It is also poorly understood how the regional economic environment affects spinoff survival. This article examines the core determinants of survival of academic spinoff companies. The article analyses a unique sample of 870 UK spinoff companies from 81 universities formed between 2002 and 2013. The results show that spinoff company survival is dependent on three core university network actors: investors, external entrepreneurs and technology transfer offices (TTOs). In addition, spinoff companies born into less industrially diversified regions enjoy greater probability of survival.
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Rubini, Lauretta, Chiara Pollio, Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta, and Elisa Barbieri. "Heterogeneous effects of spinoff foundations on the means of technology transfer: the role of past academic-industry collaborations." Economia Politica 38, no. 1 (2021): 261–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40888-021-00221-z.
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AbstractFocusing on the Italian population of academic entrepreneurs, we analyze the effect of establishing a spinoff firm on researchers' attitudes towards carrying out other activities in collaboration with firms, namely, co-publishing and co-patenting. We investigate the heterogeneity in this effect in terms of existing collaborations with firms in the pre-spinoff period. Using a counterfactual analysis on subgroups, we verify that academic entrepreneurs with previous publications with firms diminish their co-publishing and increase their co-patenting after founding a spinoff. Conversely, academic entrepreneurs who had no previous publications with firms increase their co-publishing and decrease their co-patenting. We maintain that such results are related to academics' learning processes connected with their previous technology transfer activities. The policy implications are related to technology transfer aims and contradict the idea that promoting spinoffs is an appropriate "one-size-fits-all" initiative.
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Wright, Mike. "Academic entrepreneurship, technology transfer and society: where next?" Journal of Technology Transfer 39, no. 3 (2012): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10961-012-9286-3.
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Secundo, Giustina, Christle De Beer, Felicia M. Fai, and Cornelius S. L. Schutte. "Increasing university entrepreneurialism: qualitative insights from the technology transfer office." Measuring Business Excellence 23, no. 3 (2019): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-02-2019-0015.
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Purpose Successful promotion of academic entrepreneurship is a determining factor in the pursuit of university entrepreneurialism. This paper aims to illustrate how qualitative data on the performance of the technology transfer office (TTO), based on access to intellectual capital (IC) indicators, can be transformed into a metric to provide insights that assist in strategy development for a university moving towards a more entrepreneurial configuration. Design/methodology/approach The TTO performance metric takes the form of a self-assessment of access to IC indicators, which are determinants of effectiveness. This study involves the use of the metric through the completion of an online survey and follow-up interviews, to collect and analyse the data. Findings The performance of 34 TTOs in continental Europe and the UK are measured, and insights into the success of promoting academic entrepreneurship were gained. The qualitative data are studied in detail to illustrate how the university can strategically leverage IC to enhance academic entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications This study recommends that the university align the mission statement and organisational structure of the TTO, to enable access to IC. This, in turn, may result in increased academic entrepreneurship activities, which will drive the university towards increased entrepreneurialism. Practical implications The interpretation of the qualitative data relating to the performance of the TTO, and which factors influence it, aids in understanding the performance of the entrepreneurial university and illustrates, which strategic interventions can be made. Originality/value Understanding the link between IC, academic entrepreneurship (as encapsulated in the performance of the TTO) and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial university is particularly useful for university management decisions.
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Staudt, Joseph. "Academic Entrepreneurship and Inequality: Evidence From Administrative Data." European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship 17, no. 1 (2022): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecie.17.1.839.
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Over the past several decades, universities have increasingly emphasized knowledge and technology transfer. Faculty are key agents facilitating this transfer, engaging in commercial and entrepreneurial activities such as, consulting, student placement, patenting, and the founding of start-ups. This paper documents the prevalence of faculty commercial engagement as well as the extent to which it widens earnings inequality among faculty. In contrast to previous work that uses surveys with low response rates to measure the commercial engagement of university faculty, this paper uses detailed administrative data from universities (UMETRICS) linked to confidential earnings data at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and U.S. Census Bureau (including the universe of W2 and 1099 tax records) to analyse how often university faculty engage in the types of commercial and entrepreneurial activity that catalyse knowledge/technology transfer.
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Gohir, Tas, and Grier Palmer. "Technology Transfer in HEIs." Industry and Higher Education 19, no. 5 (2005): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000005775185895.
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The UK's bioscience research base is one of the country's genuine long-term economic assets. It is critically important for the UK not to repeat past mistakes, when financial exploitation of innovative and groundbreaking bioresearch went overseas. This study reviews commercialization from the Department of Biological Sciences at Warwick University as a microcosm of the current state of technology transfer in academia. Its technology transfer operation is typical of many other such organizations. Warwick University does, however, have the benefit of being in the ‘Ivy League’ of UK universities and is regarded as a beacon of entrepreneurial flair. If the power of academic entrepreneurship is to be fully unleashed anywhere, Warwick is as well placed as any to capitalize on the opportunities. While the purpose of the study has been to consider how Warwick's enormous entrepreneurial prowess can be harnessed for the greater commercialization of its bioscience research, many of the conclusions and recommendations are applicable to other departments and academic institutions worldwide.