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Kluzer, Stefano. "The political economy of information technology in Sub-Saharan Africa : the diffusion of computers in Mozambique." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318361.
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Teng-Zeng, Frank Kannigenye. "Transnational science and technology co-operation in Africa : an evaluation of selected institutions and programmes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53199.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the aftermath of the Second World War, the development challenges facing Third World countries - those that were independent, those emerging from colonialism and those still under colonialism - led to the proliferation of bilateral and multilateral development institutions. These institutions were intended to assist the developing countries in terms of the provision of both human (technical) skills and material resources as well as to formulate programmes that would promote co-operation for socio-economic development and transformation. If the enormous development problems facing Africa including poverty, hunger, disease can be alleviated, then multilateral institutions have a major role to play in its scientific and technological development as well as in helping to create the appropriate institutional mechanisms for regional and sub-regional co-operation in science and technology (S&T) in Africa. The United Nations system, including UN-affiliated institutions, has therefore come to represent the best hope of realising the dream of most developing countries in their quest for development, due to its institutional capacity to provide development assistance as well as influence the international development agenda which affects Africa. For example, among the institutions in this study, the World Bank Group remains the biggest donor organisation in terms of the funding of development projects and programmes. UNESCO has a leading role as the UN agency whose mandate relates directly to S&T development and peace. The ECA is the representative body of the UN in Africa and therefore able to influence the direction of development policy and programmes. Similarly, the need to develop also led African countries to establish their own regional and sub-regional institutions for co-operation to draw together both human and material resources. However, the development issues discussed and promoted in the developing world over the years have focused more on national income, terms of trade, market access and in recent times on structural adjustment and poverty reduction strategy programmes. But the most important aspect of the development process - the knowledge capability gap (in terms of S&T) - has been much neglected especially at the regional and sub-regional levels. Therefore, in using regional and sub-regional levels of analyses, the research project looks at the programmes supported by the following institutions: the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the World Bank, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Organisation of African Unity (OAU), the African Development Bank (AIDB), the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Thus the study uses a theorydriven evaluation based on INEXSK (INfrastructure, EXperience and Skills, and Knowledge) approach broadly, to investigate the extent to which these multilateral institutions live up to their stated goals of improving the knowledge base for development in the African continent. An important aspect of the study also entails a historical review of science, technology and institutional co-operation in Africa. Furthermore, an important outcome of the study reveals the lack of functional regional and sub-regional organisational frameworks to promote rigorous scientific and technological research and development in the African continent, except for a few centres and programmes supported by some multilateral and bilateral institutions including NGOs. In spite of many years of structural adjustment the World Bank's lending for S&T has marginalised African countries; while the AIDB support for S&T and regional programmes is woefully inadequate. This is a momentous task it has to address if the NEP AD Initiative is to be successful in the years ahead. To guide future initiatives the study draws on the lessons and experiences of the European Union's and the Association of South East Asian Nations' (ASEAN) regional scientific and technology co-operation programmes. The study advocates a knowledge-based development paradigm, which is transnational in approach, and it makes specific recommendations for regional and sub-regional programmes and strategies to promote the socio-economic development and transformation of Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: OPSOMMING Ná afloop van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog het Derde Wêreldlande - dié reeds onafhanklik, óf besig om kolonialisme af te skud, óf nog steeds onder 'n koloniale moondheid se bewind - sekere ontwikkelingstruikelblokke en -uitdagings in die gesig gestaar. Dit het gelei tot die totstandkoming van verskeie bilaterale en multilaterale ontwikkelingsinstellings. Die doel met sulke instellings se hulpverlening aan ontwikkelende lande was drieledig: om tegniese vaardighede aan te bied; om materiële hulpmiddele te verskaf; en om programme, wat samewerking vir sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling en transformasie sou bevorder, te formuleer. Indien die las van die geweldige ontwikkelingsprobleme in Afrika (insluitend armoede, hongersnood en siektes) verlig sou kon word, het multilaterale instellings 'n belangrike rol om te vervul: om te help met, enersyds, die wetenskaplike en tegnologiese ontwikkeling van die kontinent, en andersyds die ontwikkeling van toepaslike institusionele meganismes vir streek- en sub-streeksamewerking in wetenskap en tegnologie (W&T). As gevolg van die Verenigde Nasies se institusionele kapasiteit om ontwikkelingshulp te verskaf, asook om die internasionale ontwikkelingsagenda te beïnvloed, verteenwoordig dié stelsel die beste hoop van die meeste ontwikkelende lande om hulle ontwikkelingsdrome te verwesenlik. Van die instellings wat by die VN geaffillieer is, en wat in hierdie ondersoek geëvalueer word, is die Wêreldbankgroep, die grootste skenkerorganisasie vir die befondsing van ontwikkelingsprogramme en -projekte. So ook het UNESCO 'n leiersrol as die VN agentskap van wie die mandaat direk betrekking het op die ontwikkeling van W&T. Die EKA is die liggaam wat Afrika verteenwoordig by die VN, en beïnvloed daarom die koers van ontwikkelingsbeleid en -programme. Die noodsaak om die kontinent te ontwikkel het ook gelei daartoe dat Afrikalande hulle eie streek- en sub-streekliggame, wat menslike en materiële hulpbronne bymekaar bring, begin stig het. Die ontwikkelingskwessies wat oor die jare in die ontwikkelende wêreld bespreek en aangemoedig is, het egter meer en meer gefokus op nasionale inkomste, handelsvoorwaardes, toegang tot markte en, in die afgelope tyd, strukturele aanpassings en armoede verligtingstrategie programme. Die belangrikste deel van die ontwikkelingsproses - die vernouing van die kennisgaping in W&T - is gevolglik afgeskeep, veral op streek- en substreekvlak. Hierdie navorsingsprojek analiseer dus, op streek- en sub-streekvlak, ontwikkelingsprogramme wat deur die volgende instansies ondersteun word: die Verenigde Nasies se Opvoedkundige, Wetenskaplike en Kulturele Organisasie (UNESCO), die Wêreldbank, die Verenigde Nasies se Ekonomiese Kommissie vir Afrika (EKA), die Organisasie vir Afrika-eenheid (OAE), die Ontwikkelingsbank van Afrika, die Suider- Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap en die Ekonomiese Gemeenskap van Wes-Afrikaanse State. Die navorsing gebruik 'n teorie-gedrewe evaluering gebaseer op 'n INEXSK ("INfrastructure, EXperience and Skills, and Knowlege") benadering, om te bepaal in watter mate hierdie multilaterale instellings hulle doelwitte, met betrekking tot die verbetering van die kennisbasis vir ontwikkeling van die Afrika-kontinent, bereik. 'n Historiese oorsig van die wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en institusionele samewerking in Afrika vorm 'n belangrike deel van die navorsingsverslag. Die navorsing dui ook op 'n gebrek aan funksionele organisatoriese raamwerke om op streek en sub-streekvlak streng wetenskaplike en tegnologiese navorsing en ontwikkeling aan te wakker en te bevorder. (Daar is darem 'n paar noemenswaardige uitsonderings van sentra en programme wat deur party van die bilaterale en multilaterale instellings ondersteun word.) Ten spyte van strukturele aanpassings wat oor baie jare plaasgevind het, het die Wêreldbank se lenings vir W&T Afrikalande gemarginaliseer; en die Ontwikkelingsbank van Afrika se ondersteuning vir W&T en streeksprogramme is heeltemal ontoereikend. Daar is 'n geweldige taak wat in die toekoms aangespreek moet word indien die NEPAD inisiatief hoop om suksesvol te wees. Die verslag gebruik die lesse en ervarings van die Europese Unie en die Vereniging van Suid- Asiatiese Lande se streeksamewerkingsprogramme vir wetenskap en tegnologie as rigtingwyser vir toekomstige inisiatiewe. Die verslag beveel 'n transnasionale kennisgebaseerde ontwikkelingsparadigma aan, en maak spesifieke aanbevelings vir streek en sub-streekprogramme en strategieë om die sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling en transformasie van Afrika te bevorder.
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Kifle, Gelan Mengistu. "A Theoretical Model for Telemedicine : Social and Value Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa." Doctoral thesis, Kista : Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University/Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1391.
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Temple-Bird, Caroline. "Managing the import and use of healthcare technology in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417461.
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This Thesis investigates the import and use of healthcare technology into Sub-Saharan Africa. With the increasing range of equipment types present in the health sector, the effective management of technology is of growing importance if health services are to improve in developing countries. Yet this sector has been relatively neglected within the traditional technology transfer, management, and development literature. The activities and players involved in the healthcare technology sector are complex, thus an holistic healthcare technology package system is identified, and theoretically and practically assessed as a modelling framework. This tool is applied to provide detailed analysis in three case study countries over time - Zambia in 1990, Botswana in 1992, and Namibia in 1997, with a documented learning process. The key issue pursued is how to improve the sustainability of healthcare technology. This proves fundamentallyt o be a managementis sue, and five overarchingk ey constraints emerge-: * the institutional framework available for delivering healthcare technology management throughout a country, * training personnel and developing a national technical management capacity; * sufficient allocation of financial resources; * technical support availability from the private sector, * the role played by external support agencies. These five issues are studied in detail with support from relevant literature. The research proves that it is necessary to approach the subject from three perspectives. Thus a Thesis framework is used which ensures that healthcare technology is analysed as a Technological Systems issue, an Institutional Organization issue, and a Development issue. The area of overlap between these perspectives is key to finding creative solutions for sustainability. The conclusionss how that cross-denominationasl trategiesw ill be essentialb etweenh ealth service providers, the national support environment, donors agencies, the private sector, and the region. All institutions involved need to find ways to become `learning organizations' in this field
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Kachieng'a, Micheal Ogembo. "Health technology assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa : a cross-national study of Kenya and South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14733.
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;Bibliography: leaves 365-403.This thesis is concerned with the applications and use of health technology in Sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly in Kenya and South Africa. The focus is on technology planning, deployment, use, management and assessment in the public health sector. The objectives of the study are three-fold: (1) to investigate the problems that arise in the planning, deployment, use, management and assessment of technology in the health services of these countries; (2) to describe how these problems affect the delivery of health services; and (3) to provide suggestions, recommendations and a policy framework to alleviate the problems.
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Casteleyn, Henri. "Clean cooking in sub-Saharan Africa: modeling the cooking fuel mix to 2050." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217340.
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Adolfsson, Niklas. "Appropriate technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa : the transition of cultivation techniques /." Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2000. http://www.bt.slu.se/lt_old/Meddelande/Me2000-02/Meddel.pdf.
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Weyori, Alirah Emmanuel [Verfasser]. "Essays on livestock technology, diversification and welfare impact in sub–Saharan Africa / Alirah Emmanuel Weyori." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196809046/34.
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Adeoti, John Olatunji. "Technology investment in pollution control in Sub-Saharan Africa the case of the Nigerian manufacturing industry /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2001. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7292.
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Danho, Sargon, and Yonathan Habte. "Blockchain for Financial Inclusion and Mobile Financial Services : A study in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264126.
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Financial services have historically been offered by central entities which has put financial systems in the control of a number of central parties. Some argue that this centralization has contributed to a more unequal distribution of wealth. However, during more recent time with the emergence of blockchain, traditional perspectives on transparency and democratization have shifted. Increasing financial inclusion has been highlighted as a crucial step in decreasing poverty levels and blockchain has been discussed as a technology with a potential to make a difference in this ambition. This study will focus on sub-Saharan Africa where 550 million individuals lack access to financial services despite having access to mobile phones. As a consequence of this, mobile financial services boomed in sub-Saharan Africa, starting in Kenya. This study will therefore focus on mobile financial services and more precisely on the perceived usefulness of blockchain technology for the mobile financial services. Furthermore, the study aims to explore what role blockchain can play in further increasing financial inclusion in the region. This was done by conducting several interviews with people representing start-ups, government agencies, telco companies during a research trip to South Africa and by participation in the Blockchain Africa Conference 2019 in Cape town. The findings from the research show that blockchain is perceived as useful for mobile financial services, mainly because of its ability to reduce costs by removing intermediaries, to automate processes and to create decentralized trust. However, it was also found that the usefulness is negatively affected today due to the lack of common protocols and definitions, which makes it difficult for blockchain to yet make a real difference in increasing financial inclusion.Finansiella tjänster har historiskt sätt tillhandahållits med hjälp av centraliserad datalagring genom pålitliga intermediärer såsom banker och försäkringsbolag. Detta har satt det finansiella systemet i kontroll av några få centrala aktörer vilket somliga menar har ökat den ekonomisk ojämlikheten. På senare tid, i samband med blockkedjeteknologins framväxt, har synen på demokrati och transparens skiftat. Ökad finansiell inkludering har lyfts fram som avgörande för att minska fattigdomen. Blockkedjeteknologin har framhävts att ha potential att göra skillnad i detta arbete. Denna studie fokuserar på Subsahariska Afrika där 550 miljoner individer saknar tillgång till finansiella tjänster trots att de har tillgång till mobiltelefoner. Att erbjuda mobila finansiella tjänster är viktigt för att möjliggöra finansiell inkludering. Studien ämnar därför att undersöka upplevd användbarhet av blockkedjeteknologi för mobila finansiella tjänster och hur tekniken kan utöka finansiell inkludering i kontinenten. Detta har delvis gjorts genom en forskningsresa till Sydafrika där flertalet intervjuer utfördes med personer som representerar startupbolag, regeringen, telekombranschen och den akademiska världen. Resultaten från studien visar att blockkedjeteknologin upplevs vara användbar för mobila finansiella tjänster, främst på grund av dess förmåga att sänka kostnaderna genom att ta bort mellanhänder, automatisera processer samt skapa säkra decentraliserade system. Däremot måste standardiserade protokoll och definitioner måste utvecklas innan detta kan realiseras. Fram till dess kommer det att vara svårt för blockkedjeteknolgi att göra en verklig skillnad i ökad finansiell inkludering.
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On, Robert. "Data-driven Development| Essays on the Use of Mobile Phone Data and Information to Measure and Reduce Poverty." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13421115.
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Mobile phone ubiquity in much of the developing world has turned from a question of when rather than if. Some of the poorest and most remote parts of the world are being connected to the global telecommunications network to enable an unprecedented ability to both observe and interact with previously hard-to-reach populations at scale. While many mobile phone owners adopt this technology for basic phone use, the connectedness this expansive ownership enables presents an opportunity to the study and practice of economic development that extend beyond simple peer-to-peer communication. The modern information technology sector and its underlying network infrastructure presented this same opportunity during its own formation. The network was not only valuable for the communication it enabled, but also for the data it produced from those who utilized its services. It also serves as a platform for a deluge of information systems and services that have become a part of our everyday lives and has spurred significant economic growth over the past few decades. This "data revolution" is well underway in the developed economies but is diminishing in its returns, solving increasingly marginal problems. This same transformation is relatively nascent in developing economies where more salient challenges, such as poverty, have yet to be overcome. In this dissertation, we explore a data-driven approach that leverages mobile phone technology to better measure and address poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Our approach starts with the identification of a problem: in this case, poverty. In the first chapter, we apply novel machine learning methods to analyze roughly ten terabytes of data of mobile phone use from Rwanda's largest telecommunications operator to measure poverty at a national scale. We demonstrate that an individual's history of mobile phone usage can be used to infer his or her socioeconomic status. Using this individual model of mobile phone use and socioeconomic status, we can predict poverty and wealth across the entire network and accurately reconstruct national and regional distributions of wealth. Once we obtain this measure of poverty, we can then focus our efforts in regions that are most afflicted. The second chapter helps moves us from diagnosis to a potential cure. Predictions may be helpful to provide some guidance on which regions or populations to target but does not provide much in the way of what to do to have impact. In three years of field research in poor regions of rural Kenya and Rwanda, it was clear that much of the world's poor thrive and survive on subsistence agriculture, but many of these farmers also own mobile phones. Having such a platform enabled the ability to provide potentially welfare-improving information at scale. This chapter presents the research design and analyzes the results of of six randomized controlled trials testing the welfare effects of sending hundreds of text message formulations encouraging agricultural experimentation to over 500,000 farmers in Kenya and Rwanda. Targeting farmers with the right messaging and delivery characteristics was a focus of these trials. We find statistically significant effects on agricultural technology adoption and high rates of return on welfare outcomes by providing information over this medium. This mirrors the digital advertising industry in many developed economies and reminds us that advertisements as information can have very large welfare effects in poor information environments. The third chapter dives deeper into one of the six studies where the research design focused on information spillover in Rwanda where mobile phone ownership was about half of what it was in Kenya. We find that information does indeed spillover onto other farmers within the same group, and those farmers who don't have phones experience the largest percentage increases in adoptions when others within the same group receive a text message. This has large implications on the effectiveness and cost efficiency of information treatments to regions with lower mobile phone adoption. Not only were these interventions effective, they were also very inexpensive and resulted in network effects, further improving agricultural technology adoption, increasing food production and reducing poverty. The chapters in this dissertation develop a theory and methods for understanding how to leverage mobile technologies to measure and reduce poverty. It serves as a guide for both research and practitioners to approach solving problems in development that is grounded in measurement, data, collaboration, impact and scale.
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Adem, Lishan. "The impact of information technology in sub Saharan Africa with a particular reference to Ethiopia : a constructionist approach." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284979.
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Williams, Christopher David. "Technology based learning : an international perspective : development and evaluation of resources for health workers in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37812.
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Introduction: E-learning is a familiar feature of health worker education in developed countries and there is interest in its use in developing regions, including sub-Saharan Africa, to overcome health workers’ lack of access to information, learning and professional development opportunities. However, there is limited evidence to guide such developments. The issues are complex, more so due to the size and diversity of sub-Saharan Africa and its health workforce, and rapid technological progress. Objectives: - Understand issues affecting the development and implementation of e-learning for health workers in sub-Saharan Africa. - Develop and pilot an e-learning resource in eye health. - Evaluate its impact on clinical skills. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore issues including infrastructure, skills, health systems, learners’ needs and preferences related to e-learning design, development and implementation. This was integrated with evidence from a study of patients’ journeys of care to develop a novel e-learning resource in eye health using a quality improvement approach. After piloting, the impact on medical students’ clinical skills was assessed using a ‘low stakes’ Objective Structured Clinical Examination in a randomised trial. Results: A holistic view of the current situation related to e-learning in sub-Saharan Africa was achieved. Piloting of the resource confirmed its broad acceptability and gave recommendations for final refinements and implementation. In the trial setting, students exposed to the resource demonstrated better clinical skills (mean scores: 71.6% and 68.4%, (p=0.048)); pass rate 90.0% vs 64.5% (p = 0.032) with significant improvements for ‘differential diagnosis’ and ‘making a management plan’. Conclusions: E-learning can be successfully applied in sub-Saharan Africa and a quality improvement approach integrating research with resource development is proposed. From this experience, an algorithm for e-learning development is presented.
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Okoye, Perpetua Ifeoma. "A novel systems approach to energy poverty in sub-Saharan Africa : a South African informal settlement case study." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77373.
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Mitigating energy poverty requires a multi-criteria decision protocol integrating socio-economic, cultural, environmental, and technical systems, influencing energy access, and consumption. Situations of energy poverty are typical in rural and urban poor households, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. These situations are commonly prevalent in informal settlements, sprawling across the periphery of South African metros. Majorities of informal households lack access to grid-electricity and consume local energy sources for their energy needs. There are ongoing government efforts directed to mitigating energy poverty among energy-poor households, such as informal households, through policies and subsidies. Socio-economic and cultural environments also redefine the extent to which energy poverty is mitigated in these households. At present, informal households are constantly and rapidly growing, and as a result, compromise policy effectiveness and other functional strategies, targeting to mitigating energy poverty in these households, and achieving universal energy access in South Africa.
Accordingly, this research study adopted a multidisciplinary approach to understanding related matters of energy poverty based on energy policies; electricity access, and pricing; geospatial analysis; energy use and access; and management strategies, with emphasis on informal settlements in South Africa. The first part of the study reviewed energy pro-poor policies, relevant to improving energy access and energy-use efficiency in energy-poor households in South Africa. The study also investigated electricity access (access rates), connection costs (access costs), and electricity tariffs to understand historical precedents and forecast scenarios, and the relationships to gaining complete electricity access by 2030 in the City of Cape Town. The third part mapped and monitored informal areas to understand landscape processes and poverty with energy poverty propagations by Land Cover (LC) and Land-Cover Change (LCC) in the City of Cape Town. The fourth part of the research investigated energy-use patterns and other energy-related matters in a selected informal settlement - a typical case study of an energy-poor community in South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. The last part proposed and designed a novel System Reinforcing Model (SRM), an Energy Access Sustainability (EAS) management scheme, applicable to mitigating energy poverty in any energy-poor community.
The study review validated government efforts in improving energy access in energy-poor households through commissioned energy pro-poor policies but not without drawbacks and proposed recommendations to support future policy reforms. The research also revealed
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A novel systems approach to energy poverty in sub-Saharan Africa: A South African
informal settlement as case study.
increasing patterns in historical trends of access rates, costs, and tariffs, and relationships between parameters within the assessment period (from 2010 to 2018). The forecast analyses (from 2019 to 2030) demonstrated that total electricity access could not be reached by 2030 without a shift in Business-As-Usual (BAU) patterns in the City of Cape Town. The LC conversions of informal areas revealed poverty with energy poverty propagations through landscape degradation processes - Persistence and Intensification - in the City of Cape Town. The research study further revealed poor energy use patterns and behaviour in the target Settlement. Informal households in the settlement mainly adopted local energy fuels and appliances in satisfying household energy needs.
The novel part of the research study described the application of a systems approach - Systems engineering (SE) and Systems Thinking (SsT) - into energy poverty and access processes to developing the new SRM. SE and SsT concept analyses were employed in identifying and integrating four operating system interfaces in these processes into the new SRM. The new SRM simulated complex systems and elements within the interfaces and categorized them as design decisions and system designs. These systems and elements were grounded in energy-use patterns and behaviour, energy access, and EAS, as well as socio-economic, cultural, technical, and environmental features. Arrays of feedback loops in reinforcing patterns in the new SRM modelled the interactions between, and within, design decisions and system designs, for future energy access rebranding, based on significant sustainability outcomes of favourably coalesced system interfaces. SRM was applied in the target settlement, where the model’s significance was validated. Based on its multi-criteria decision approach, among its many features, SRM revealed system parts instigating energy poverty situations and limiting EAS in the target settlement. SRM tailored energy access solutions, whilst integrating significant outcomes of the whole research study, to advancing energy poverty mitigation and EAS in the target settlement.Thesis (PhD (Technology Management))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
UP Postgraduate Bursary
International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)
Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM)
PhD (Technology Management)
Unrestricted
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Gyimah, Nana Afua Boamah, and Bertrand Asongwe Tita. "Electronic Voting; A Possible Solution for Sub-Saharan Africa? : A focus on the Ghanaian Electoral System." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12573.
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One of the major reasons for political instability in Sub-Saharan Africa originates from the way elections are conducted. Most African countries have quite a handful of electoral malpractices which lead to political instability, civil wars and low economic growth. Electronic voting might be a solution to the election problems and thus bring in a stable political atmosphere which attracts investors. This thesis looks at the prospects and challenges of implementing e-voting in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa as a solution to the current manual paper-based system and proposes a framework and requirements which can be used as guidelines for its adoption and implementation. The thesis has been conducted by studying literature on electronic voting and Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Furthermore, a case study has been conducted on the Ghanaian electoral process, by conducting interviews with the Danquah Institute of Ghana and through questionnaires to some Ghanaian citizens in both the rural and urban areas of Ghana. The main results from the thesis show that the adoption and subsequent implementation of e-voting in SSA countries, can only be possible if the governments show strong committment and support by securing funds through donor organizations, and providing the necessary IT infrastructure and other resources needed to support the project. Voter education too is an absolute necessity. The adoption of e-voting is mainly based on how the innovation will be diffused and the perceived benefits that will be derived from the investment. Hence, particular attention should be paid to the various communication channels, especially the media, through which messages are passed across to the citizens.
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Dasgupta, Amrita. "Modelling the energy demand for transport in Sub-Saharan Africa : World Energy Outlook as a Case Study." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300137.
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Energy demand projections are essential tools that enable policymakers, engineers, scientists, stakeholders and investors to assess the future energy needs of a country and understand the technical, economic, social and environmental costs associated with meeting this demand. Such tools become further indispensable in the case of developing countries, where past consumption trends alone cannot indicate the trajectory of their future energy demand. Transport is one of the largest consumers of energy among all the end-use sectors. In 2018, it accounted for almost 29% of the total final consumption (TFC) of energy and 65% of oil consumption in the world [1]. A key ingredient for economic growth, mobility is indispensable for access to employment, education, health care and other services and operating industrial and trade activities. This report describes an energy demand model of the transport sector for selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The countries modelled are Angola, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania. With the exception of South Africa, the transport sector in the focus countries is largely underdeveloped and outdated. Road transport dominates the energy demand for transport in the region today and this trend is projected to continue to 2040. The ownership of cars increases rapidly, especially in cities, but this growth starts from very low levels as the region is home to countries with the lowest ownership rates in the world. As in the case of emerging Asian economies, the fleet of two- and three-wheelers growsiiifaster than that of cars and a significant share of this growth comes from rural areas. Aviation is the largest non-road consumer of energy and this continues to 2040 as a consequence of rising GDP and rapid urbanisation. Rail and navigation lag behind current global levels but are projected to develop significantly to aid in achieving the industrialisation goals set out by the African Agenda 2063. In its current state, the sector faces major challenges like inadequate and poorly maintained infrastructure, dealing with increasing traffic congestion in cities, large-scale imports of second-hand vehicles with poor emission standards that affect air quality in cities, lack of safe and formally operated public transportation systems and insufficient consideration for the different mobility needs of women. Sound policymaking and investments in infrastructure have the potential to overcome or significantly reduce the severity of most of these challenges in the future.Energibehovsprognoser är grundläggande verktyg som möjliggör för beslutsfattare, ingenjörer, forskare, intressenter och andelsägare att bedöma framtida energibehov för ett land och förstå de tekniska, ekonomiska och de miljömässiga kostnaderna förknippade med att möta detta behov. Dessa verktyg är än mer oumbärliga i fallet för utvecklingsländer, där tidigare förbrukningstrender enskilt inte kan indikera den framtida utvecklingen av energibehoven. Transport är en av de största förbrukarna av energi utav alla slutanvändningssektorer. Under 2018 stod den för nästan 29% av den totala slutförbrukningen (TFC) av energi och 65% av oljekonsumtionen i världen[1]. Som en nyckelingrediens för ekonomisk tillväxt är rörlighet oumbärligt för åtkomst till anställning, hälsovård och andra tjänster och drift av industri och handelsaktiviteter. Den här rapporten beskriver en energibehovsmodell av transportsektorn för utvalda länder i subsahariska Afrika. Länderna som har modellerats är Angola, Elfenbenskusten, Demokratiska Republiken Kongo, Etiopien, Ghana,Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sydafrika och Tanzania. Undantaget Sydafrika så är transportsektorn i de utvalda länderna i stora delar underutvecklad och föråldrad. Vägtransporter dominerar energibehoven för transport i regionen idag och den här trenden förväntas pågå fram till 2040. Ägandet av bilar ökar kraftigt, framförallt i städer, men den här tillväxten sker från väldigt låga nivåer då länderna i regionen tillhör den grupp länder med lägst ägande i världen. Som är fallet med växande ekonomier i Asien, så växer flottan av två- ochivtrehjulingar snabbare än den för bilar och en signifikant andel av den tillväxten sker i lantliga områden. Flyg är den största förbrukaren utanför vägarna vilket förväntas fortsätta fram till 2040 som en konsekvens av växande BNP och snabb urbanisering. Järnväg och sjöfart släpar efter aktuella globala nivåer men förväntas att utvecklas signifikant för att uppfylla industrialiseringsmålen som finns uppsatta av African Agenda 2063. I det aktuella stadiet, så möter sektorn stora utmaningar som otillräcklig och dåligt underhållen infrastruktur, ökade trafikstockningar i städer, storskalig import av andrahandsfordon med dåliga utsläppsstandarder som påverkar luftkvaliteten i städerna, avsaknad av säker och officiellt driven kollektivtrafik samt otillräcklig hänsynstagande för kvinnors transportbehov. Sunt beslutsfattande och investerande har potentialen att övervinna eller signifikant reducera allvaret av de flesta av dessa utmaningar inför framtiden.
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Mucyo, Sylvie. "Analysis of key requirements for effective implementation of biogas technology for municipal solid waste management in sub-Saharan Africa : a case study of Kigali City, Rwanda." Thesis, Abertay University, 2013. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/f1b19ecf-9003-40ca-b174-db4c866fe799.
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Effective management of municipal solid wastes continues to be a major challenge in rapidly growing cities of developing countries. Inadequate waste disposal remains rampant thus posing a serious threat to the environment and public health. The use of biogas technology in the management of municipal solid wastes has become a major focus of interest in developed countries due to its economic value in the generation of energy from biodegradable waste and its ability to divert waste from landfill. The application of the technology in developing countries, in particular sub-Saharan African countries has been a challenge. A major barrier to its implementation in these countries has been attributed to the lack of substantial specific information required in the design of appropriate strategies. This study investigated key factors affecting the application of biogas technology in Kigali City (the capital of Rwanda) with the aim of proffering suitable strategies for effective implementation. The study used an integrated methodological approach interrelating social, technical and economic spheres tools. The study was carried out in three stages. The first stage investigated the availability of suitable feedstock for Anaerobic Digestion (AD) from both domestic and non-domestic sources, household waste management practices and public awareness and attitude towards waste separation at source. Results showed that household food waste was the largest category of waste produced in Kigali City from September 2010 to March 2011, comprising about 74% of total municipal waste produced during this period. This was taken as the average for the City. Socio-economic levels existing in Kigali were found to impact on total waste production with higher production rates occurring in high income households. It was found that households with higher income are more likely to separate waste at source and more willing to pay for waste management services. Incentives, such as free garbage bags, reduced waste charges and economic benefits, with greater focus on poor income communities were found capable of promoting waste separation practice which could effectively enhance the recovery of suitable feedstock. The second stage examined the digestibility and potential energy production from available household food waste and industrial biodegradable feedstocks such as banana and passion fruit wastes. The study also studied the potential effect of operating an AD system under the ambient temperature in Kigali City. Results obtained showed that Kigali ambient temperature of 25oC achieved half methane yields in comparison with the optimum mesophilic operational temperature of 37oC commonly used for large scale AD systems around the world. Results also showed that co-digestion of domestic waste with industrial feedstock can substantially increase biogas yields. The third stage investigated technical requirements and economic viability of operating a biogas plant at 37oC with the available feedstock for the generation of electricity to export to grid and digestate for spreading on land. The annual net energy expected to be generated using the available feedstock was estimated to be 182 kWh/tonne of source-separated waste. Risk analysis revealed that socio-economic needs of communities need to be appropriately integrated to secure the reliability of suitable feedstock in order to ensure project’s viability and profitability. It was also found that the development of biogas technology in Kigali could benefit both technically and economically from current Rwandan National key policy objectives related to municipal waste management. All the above mentioned outcome of the research was used to develop a strategic policy-based operational and investment framework for the application of biogas technology in Rwanda.
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Krone, Madlen [Verfasser], Peter [Gutachter] Dannenberg, and Elmar [Gutachter] Kulke. "Information and Communication Technology in Small- Scale Business Based Agricultural Value Chains in Sub-Saharan Africa. Examples from Kenyan and Tanzanian Horticulture / Madlen Krone ; Gutachter: Peter Dannenberg, Elmar Kulke." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116525557X/34.
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Premer, Stefan, and Brenda Nansubuga. "Organisational Learning in Business Model Innovation in the Bottom of Pyramid market : An empirical fieldwork about the market introduction of clean cookstoves in Mozambique." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148135.
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There is a need for cleaner technology initiatives into the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) market to combat the effects of climate change. The difficulty of these initiatives lies in their business model innovation process, as those organisations struggle in finding adequate strategies to establish their business in the BoP market. The BoP market is characterised as highly uncertain, which makes the operation of businesses challenging. Hereby the thesis aims at answering the question on how organisational learning occurs in business model innovation in the BoP market. Through a case study approach, the thesis intends to understand the requirements to establish a functioning business model by analysing organisational learning under business model innovation within the BoP market. This has been realised through a three week field study in Northern Mozambique, observing the market introduction of a cleantech company operating in this context. Hereby the business model innovation process and the environment of operation was analysed. This research contributes to the current discussion of business model innovation in BoP markets by detecting organisational learning as a useful mechanism and adding relevant insights on how organisational learning occurs in this specific context. Therefore the study opens the discussion on organisational learning in business model innovation in the context of the BoP market by asking for further studies on the topic.
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Ruhwanya, Zainab Said. "Attitudes toward, and awareness of, online privacy and security: a quantitative comparison of East Africa and U.S. internet users." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20409.
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Master of ScienceComputing and Information Sciences
Eugene Vasserman
The increase in penetration of Internet technology throughout the world is bringing an increasing volume of user information online, and developing countries such as those of East Africa are included as contributors and consumers of this voluminous information. While we have seen concerns from other parts of the world regarding user privacy and security, very little is known of East African Internet users’ concern with their online information exposure. The aim of this study is to compare Internet user awareness and concerns regarding online privacy and security between East Africa (EA) and the United States (U.S.) and to determine any common attitudes and differences. The study followed a quantitative research approach, with the EA population sampled from the Open University of Tanzania, an open and distance-learning university in East Africa, and the U.S. population sampled from Kansas State University, a public university in the U.S. Online questionnaires were used as survey instruments. The results show no significant difference in awareness of online privacy between Internet users from East Africa and the U.S. There is however, significant difference in concerns about online privacy, which differ with the type of information shared. Moreover, the results have shown that the U.S. Internet users are more aware of online privacy concerns, and more likely to have taken measure to protect their online privacy and conceal their online presence, than the East African Internet users. This study has also shown that East Africans Internet users are more likely to be victims of online identity theft, security issues and reputation damage.
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Hammarbäck, Axel. "The effectiveness of video-based training of an electronic medical record system: An exploratory study on computer literate health workers in rural Uganda : Ändamålsenligheten hos videobaserad undervisning av ett elektroniskt patientjournalsystem: en explorativ studie av datorvana sjukvårdsarbetare på Ugandas landsbygd." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169642.
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Aims The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities for video-based learning of computer systems in the field of medical education in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Background Low-income countries are forced to perform healthcare services with resources already spread too thin. The use of electronic medical records can increase the cost-effectiveness of delivering healthcare services, but the low computer literacy in sub-Saharan Africa is an obstacle necessary to overcome. E-learning and video-based learning has the potential to partially solve this problem. Methods User observations were conducted on five healthcare workers in rural Uganda. The users watched an instruction video, after which they performed an assessment test of an electronic medical record system. Results Some effectiveness was perceived – but it was slight, and varied greatly between the test subjects. Computer experience is an important prerequisite for the success of e-learning initiatives. Effectiveness was higher for more simple tasks. Conclusion This paper does not propose video-based learning as the only source of training for the target group. However, there is a possibility to envision video-based learning as a building block in a blended-learning strategy – utilising video-based learning for easier tasks and knowledge retention for users who are already familiar with the system.
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Kirby, Kara L. "EMPOWERMENT PROCESSES IN THE LIVES OF TANZANIAN WOMEN: INTERSECTION OF FAMILY, EDUCATION, AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1478777628317389.
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Ala-Mutka, Jonatan. "Powering Africa by Empowering its People : An Action Research study at a Zambian microgrid company building local capacity to reach large scale viability." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261596.
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Despite recent advances in the global electrification rates, increasing from 76% in 1990 to 85% in 2012, the United Nations goal of universal access to electricity by 2030 is still far from achieved, with an estimated 1.1 billion people still without access to electricity. Over half of these live in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a majority in rural areas and extreme poverty. Major challenges are inert with the current electrification path of centralized grid extension, leaving these people without power in decades to come. Microgrids, a decentralized power system consisting of solar power generation, energy storage and distribution technology, has been hailed as the only option to provide life improving and productivity inducing power for rural communities in Africa. However, despite recent hype and development in the sector, the diffusion of microgrids is still incremental due to a lack of viable large-scale operation, required for profitability. This is explained by targeting customers in remote rural areas with low ability to pay, and the task of delivering expensive technology and complex operations needed to manage and operate the grids. No industry blueprint or research on how to operate microgrids at scale or profitably exists. This thesis explores one blueprint, with the promise to increase profitability and allow for a more sustainable scaling. Local Capacity building is a decentralized approach by developing capacity directly in the local communities, through recruiting, skills development and training of people to be employed to operate and manage their local microgrids. The results consist of a framework outlining what local capacity building is, through research propositions that define the key components capturing the complete system of local capacity building is for scaling a microgrid business, along with the challenges and opportunities associated with scaling a business using local capacity building. It has been developed iteratively by application of an action research approach conducted on a small-scale Zambian Microgrid company facing radical growth. The researcher was immersed in the context, at the heart of this change, and in a participatory and interventionist fashion turning every stone to explore what local capacity building is, resulting in a robust study anchored in the field. Because of the contextually embedded nature of the data, this also means that the results are local. It is up to the reader to assess the applicability of the results in another context. The extensive results span multiple areas of the business, capturing the complexity of local capacity building, and contribute to knowledge on a holistic level on what local capacity building is. This blueprint was deemed viable to further develop in the small-scale Zambian microgrid company, specifically because of its potential to lower operating expenses and offer a more sustainable way to scale, and in extension diffuse microgrids in Africa.Trots en positiv utveckling i tillgång till el globalt, ökandes från 76% år 1990, till 85% år 2012, så är Förenta Nationernas mål om universell tillgång till el till år 2030, långt ifrån att bli uppfyllt. 1.1 miljarder människor estimeras vara utan tillgång till el globalt, där över hälften av dessa bor i Sub-Saharanska Afrika, med majoriteten levandes på landsbygden och i extrem fattigdom. Stora utmaningar finns med innevarande elektrifierings strategin, som handlar om centraliserad elproduktion och distribution genom ett centralt elnät, detta kommer att lämna dessa människor utan el under lång tid framöver. Mikronät, ett decentraliserat energisystem, som kan producera och distribuera el, har lyfts fram som det bästa alternativet för att försörja livsförbättrande och produktivitetsökande elektricitet för samhällen på landsbygden i Afrika. Dock, trots nylig hype och utveckling i mikronät sektorn, så är spridningen av mikronät fortfarande inkrementell, beroende av en brist på genomförbarheten av att driva mikronät verksamheten i stor skala, vilket krävs för lönsamhet. Detta förklaras av den fundamentala utmaningen i att inrikta sig mot kunder i avlägsna områden, med en låg förmåga att betala, kombinerat med leveransen av dyr teknologi, och de komplex operativa strukturerna som krävs. Det finns ingen forskning eller blåkopia i industrin som visar hur man skulle kunna bedriva mikronäts verksamhets i stor skala, eller på ett lönsamt vis. Denna forskning undersöker en möjlig sådan blåkopia, med löftet att öka lönsamheten och möjliggöra en mer hållbar spridning. Utveckling av lokal kapacitet, är ett decentraliserat tillvägagångssätt för att utveckla kapacitet direkt i dessa avlägsna samhällen, genom rekrytering, färdighetsutveckling och utbildning av människor för att bli anställda för att sköta deras lokala mikronät. Resultaten i studien består av ett ramverk som visar vad utveckling av lokal kapacitet innebär, genom forskningsförslag som definierar vilka nyckelkomponenter som krävs för att skala upp en mikronäts verksamhet, tillsammans med utmaningar och möjligheter för att göra detta. Ramverket har utvecklats iterativt genom applicering av Action Research, utförd i ett småskaligt mikronät företag i Zambia som står inför en radikal expansion. Forskaren var fördjupad i företagskontexten, i hjärtat av förändringen, och på ett ingripande och deltagande sätt vänt på varenda sten för att utforska vad utveckling av lokal kapacitet är. Detta resulterade i en robust studie, förankrad i verkligheten. På grund av den kontextuellt inbäddade naturen av datan, så betyder detta även att resultaten är lokala. Det är upp till läsaren att bedöma till vilken grad resultaten kan appliceras i en annan kontext. De omfattande resultaten spänner över många olika områden i företaget, och lyckas fånga komplexiteten i vad utveckling av lokal kapacitet är. Blåkopian som utvecklades, bedömdes värdefull att utveckla vidare i företaget där studien gjorde, specifikt för dess potential att minska de operativa kostnaderna och erbjuda ett mer hållbart sätt att skala verksamheten, och i förlängningen, erbjuda ett mer hållbart sätt att sprida tillgång till el i Afrika.
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Ségalini, Céline. "Les professionnels de l'aide sénégalais : de la précarité au travail à la fragile légitimation de l'écologie dominante." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0404.
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Le Sénégal fait souvent figure d'exception, au point d'être régulièrement salué pour sa stabilité sociopolitiquepar la communauté internationale désemparée devant les troubles qui agitent le continent africain.Cette image d'Épinal est pourtant loin de rendre compte des difficultés qui touchent la population de ce pays.Derrière le visage d'un pays stable se cache en fin de compte une tout autre réalité qui rappelle combien lepoids de la précarité professionnelle occupe une place singulière dans la vie des Sénégalais, y compris deceux qui participent à l'élaboration de l'action publique branchée au système d'aide. Telle est l'impressionpesante qui se glisse dans les discours des professionnels de l'aide sénégalais impliqués dans un projet degestion intégrée du littoral encouragé par la Banque mondiale dans les années 2000. L'étude de la mise enoeuvre de ce projet fournit un cas d'école qui permet de saisir l'incidence que peut avoir la précaritéprofessionnelle de ces personnes sur le fonctionnement de l'aide-projet qui représente encore aujourd'hui laforme d'aide dominante dans le pays. Plus spécifiquement, elle aide à comprendre pourquoi les normes degestion du littoral colportées dans le cadre de ce projet – qui ne sont d'ailleurs que le reflet de l'écologiedominante – sont mobilisées par ces développeurs sénégalais à travers des discours légitimateurs le plussouvent déconnectés du sens même de ces normes. Tout se passe comme si la professionnalisation heurtéede ces personnes les conduisait à prêter plus attention aux moyens du projet qu'à ses objectifs, et de cettemanière à améliorer leurs conditions de travail et plus largement leur situation socio-économiqueSenegal is often looked on as an exception, to the point of being regularly hailed for its socio-politicalstability by an international community quite helpless in front of the troubles of African continent. Yet thistraditional view is far from accounting for the difficulties of the population. In fact the image of a stablecountry conceals an altogether different reality which reminds one of how precarity, and more particularlywork precarity, plays an important part in the lives of the Senegalese, including those who take part in thedevelopment of the public action financed by aid agencies. Such is the impression felt in the speeches ofSenegalese aid workers involved in a project of coastal zone management promoted by the World Bank inthe 2000s. To study the working out of this project provides an example which helps to understand theconsequences their precarity at work can have on the working of the aid-project – today the main form of aidin this country. More specifically it helps to understand how the standards of coastal zone managementpromoted by the World Bank agents are interpreted by these Senegalese people, and why they are justapprehended in speeches often disconnected from the very purpose of these standards. It seems that theirwork precarity has led them to pay more attention to the means of the project rather than to its ends, seekingthereby to improve their own work conditions and so their socio-economic situation
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Koussoubé, Estelle Mousson. "Institutions, Technology Adoption and Agricultural Development in Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090024.
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Accroître la productivité agricole et favoriser le développement agricole sont nécessaires pour atteindre l’autosuffisance alimentaire et réduire la pauvreté dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. La littérature a identifié plusieurs obstacles au développement agricole, notamment des contraintes environnementales etinstitutionnelles, ainsi que des contraintes d’accès aux ressources agricoles et non-agricoles. Une question demeure cependant, celle des politiques à mener pour promouvoir le développement agricole dans cette région du monde. Cette thèse aborde trois questions importantes relatives au développement agricole en Afrique subsaharienne, et au Burkina Faso en particulier. Elle étudie l’impact des institutions et des politiques sur les contraintes rencontrées par les agriculteurs et les ménages, ainsi que les outils capables de favoriser l’émergence d’institutions qui participeront au développement agricole. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse étudie le rôle des normes et des institutions dans la formation des organisations paysannes, et la participation des femmes dans ces organisations. Je montre que les femmes sont moins susceptibles de participer aux organisations d’agriculteurs. Le niveau relativement faible de la participation des femmes dans les organisations d’agriculteurs s’expliquerait par leur manque d’accès aux ressources, y compris aux informations, ainsi qu’au manque d’incitations reçues par les femmes. Le deuxième chapitre étudie les conditions d’émergence des marchés fonciers agricoles dans la région des Hauts-Bassins dans la zone cotonnière du Burkina Faso. Je mets en évidence le rle joué par les marchés fonciers dans l’égalisation des dotations foncières dans la région Les marchés fonciers permettent aux migrants d’avoir accès à la terre dans cette région du Burkina Faso. Enfin, le troisième chapitre de cette thèse cherche à comprendre la faible utilisation d’engrais chimiques par les agriculteurs. La faible utilisation d’engrais chimiques s’expliquerait par des facteurs autres que la rentabilité, notamment le manque d’accès des agriculteurs aux engrais et au crédit. S’appuyant sur la littérature théorique en économie et dans les autres sciences sociales, ainsi que sur plusieurs bases de données, cette thèse contribue à la compréhension des contraintes et opportunités pour le développement agricole en Afrique subsaharienneIncreasing agricultural productivity and fostering agricultural development are necessary for agriculture to play an effective role in food security and poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. The literature has identified several barriers to agricultural development, including environmental constraints, institutional constraints, as well as resource constraints. However, how to promote agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a challenging issue. This dissertation addresses three important issues relating to agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly in Burkina Faso. The dissertation considers how institutions and policies can have an impact on the constraints faced by individual farmers and households, and how to foster the emergence of institutions that will work for agricultural development. The first chapter of this dissertation investigates the role of norms and institutions in the formation of farmer organizations, and women’s participation in farmer organizations. The findings indicate that female farmers are less likely to participate in farmer organizations. The results suggest that the relatively low level of female participation in farmer organizations is explained by women’s lack of resources including information as well as a lack of incentives to participate. The second chapter studies the emergence conditions of land markets in the Hauts-Bassins region Burkina’s cotton zone. The chapter’s findings highlight the equalizing role of land markets in this region. Land markets enable migrants to gain access to land in this region. Last, the third chapter of this dissertation seeks to understand the relative, apparent low use of chemical fertilizers by farmers. The low uptake of chemical fertilizers might have been driven by factors other than profitability, including a lack of access to fertilizers and credit. Building on the theoretical literature in economics as well as the literature in other social sciences, and on various datasets, this dissertation contributes to enhancing the overall understanding of the issues faced by farmers in Sub-Saharan African countries and points towards further research in the economics of agricultural development as well as in the general economic literature
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Jackson, Etta Delores. "The Role of Geospatial Information and Effective Partnerships in the Implementation of the International Agenda for Sustainable Development." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1594291234482502.
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Haile, Yohannes. "Sustainable Value And Eco-Communal Management: Systemic Measures For The Outcome Of Renewable Energy Businesses In Developing, Emerging, And Developed Economies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459369970.
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Ofimboudem, Joelle Dountio. "Intellectual property and access to medicines a comparative study of technology transfer laws and policy options for sub-Saharan African countries." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53124.
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In the last decade, governments of different countries have promulgated or considered legislation aimed at promoting collaboration between research institutions and industries to ensure that research results fit into industries needs. These laws require research institutions to transfer technologies they develop to industry for further development, translation into tangible products, and commercialisation. In Sub-Saharan Africa where most countries are net importers of finished products, this model could play a critical role in stimulating research and development (R&D), boosting local technological development and entrepreneurship.
This triple-helix model comprising: government which funds research; institutions which carryout research; and industry to which research of new technologies are transferred for further development and commercialisation, raises concerns like access to research results and products developed out of this collaboration as the stakeholders involved all pursue different goals. For instance, government in funding research institutions aims to boost research and consequently technological development. Research institutions aim to create and disseminate knowledge, and publish as soon as possible. Meanwhile, industries aim to keep inventions secret, and create monopolies through intellectual property protection to maximise profits.
This research provides an analysis of selected legislation aimed at promoting collaboration between research institutions and industries, and potential implications for access to pharmaceutical products developed out of intellectual property emanating from government-funded research. It also provides policy options for other African countries seeking to stimulate R&D at research institutions, technology transfer to industry partners, and local technological development in the biopharmaceutical technology industry while taking into account the differing goals of the parties involved.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Private Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Al-Bader, Sara. "Science-based Health Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31350.
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Policy making bodies are increasingly highlighting the important role innovation can play in African development─not only to spur economic growth but also to deliver locally relevant, affordable products and services to African populations. The health sector is one area where innovation is most needed; however, we know very little about the capacity of African countries to innovate in this area. At the same time, a range of conceptual questions have arisen in the academic literature as to the very definition of innovation in an African context, and specifically, the applicability of the National Innovation System (NIS) to African countries.
Through detailed case study research of science-based health firms in South Africa, of the NIS health system of Ghana, and by comparing these data with data collected in Uganda and Tanzania, I shed light on these questions from an empirical perspective. I find that science-based health innovation is a complex field, and whilst institutions can help or hinder its viability, the current state of health innovation in SSA can be attributed primarily to individual entrepreneurs with strong networks, who are taking risks in a largely non-enabling environment. I find that, more important for innovation, is the ability to access global knowledge–through appropriate policies and strong partnerships–and the capacity to apply it locally. For this, tacit knowledge, or “learning-by-doing,”’ to respond to consumer demand and achieve regional product penetration, is vital. My results show that the traditional focus on knowledge - or science-heavy innovation - will simply not capture the true extent of health innovation in SSA countries. Furthermore, science-based health innovation is clearly not one thing, and it is, for example, important to understand how plant medicine innovation fit in. The aims, intentions, and impacts of African health research on the countries themselves are rather vague, which constrains innovation at all levels.
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Rubens, Johan Lode Karel Robert Maria. "The appropriateness of information technology development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/613.
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Many development organisations are initiating programs in Sub-Saharan Africa
bringing information technology to community centres, schools, universities, and
government institutions. In the United States and more particularly Silicon Valley,
California, people are convinced of the benefits of the Internet. An organisation
started in this context, Schools Online, has initiated programs in over 31 countries
and spent millions of dollars in the South. The study focuses on Schools Online's
history, structure, and vision while researching its activities in a rural school in the
town of Jinja, Uganda, in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is recommended that Schools
Online listens and learns from its beneficiaries when planning an information
technology project.Development Studies
M. A. (Development Studies)
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Mwamlima, Bwinghane Tusubile. "An evaluation of employment creation and skills transfer during the delivery of capital projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: a focus on three selected case studies." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23543.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering to the Graduate School of Engineering and the Built Environment of the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
March 2017Large-scale strategic ventures to build, add or improve an asset are being delivered in different sectors of industries around the world. These ventures resort to the intensive use of capital and resources and are mostly referred to as “capital projects”. Because of the large-scale nature of these capital projects, they have profound effects on their host countries, and their impact is larger than simply client and turnover, thereby influencing different areas of surrounding society. The nature and extent of this impact are (i) environmental, (ii) political, (iii) socio-economic and (iv) cultural. Amongst the socio-economic objectives is the capability to provide on-the-job training and create more job opportunities than would otherwise be possible. Recently there has been a surge of these capital projects in sub-Saharan Africa. However, sub-Saharan Africa continues to experience high levels of unemployment and a lack of skillsets. In an attempt to help address these problems, this research project evaluates employment creation and skills transfer during the delivery of capital projects in sub-Saharan Africa. Three case studies (researched between October 2013 and February 2015) were selected to collect data for this research project: (1) Nacala Corridor Railway Project (Malawi), (2) the Medupi Power Project (Republic of South Africa) and (3) the Gautrain Project Phases 1 and 2 (Republic of South Africa). The research findings illustrate clearly that there has been a significant positive shift in the creation of employment and skills transfer on capital projects. However, there are areas of weakness which have been identified even though the three case studies produced different results. In conclusion, the main weaknesses identified in all three projects are the lack of local high-level skilled employees and a clear indication that these capital projects are not being capitalised efficiently to develop skills amongst the locals, which are essential for such projects. Recommendations are provided for the sustainability of skills development and employment creation on capital projects.
MT 2017
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Simiyu, Kenneth Walumbe. "Commercialization of Health Products from Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29872.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the global progress made in improving health of people and increasing the life expectancy, Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be plagued by many health problems. Commercialization of health products from Sub-Saharan Africa presents opportunities to solve some of these health problems as well as generate economic returns. This thesis explored science based health product commercialization in sub-Saharan Africa through three studies. The objective was to identify opportunities and challenges facing health product commercialization in Sub-Saharan Africa. A qualitative case study approach was used and data collected using interviews. The first study involved looking at science based health product commercialization at a national level. Rwanda was chosen for this study. Thirty eight key informants selected from various institutions that form the health innovation system in Rwanda were interviewed. The results of the study show that opportunities exist in Rwanda for health product commercialization mainly because of the strong political will to support health innovation. However the main challenge is that there are no linkages between the actors involved in health innovation in Rwanda. The second study looked at health innovation at the level of a research institution. The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) was studied where eight key informants were interviewed. The results show that KEMRI faced many challenges in its attempt at health product development, including shifting markets, lack of infrastructure, inadequate financing, and weak human capital with respect to innovation. However, it overcame them through diversification, partnerships and changes in culture. The third study looked at health technologies that are being developed in sub-Saharan Africa but have stagnated in laboratories. Thirty nine key informants were interviewed. A total of 25 technologies were identified, the majority being traditional plant medicines; other technologies identified included diagnostic tests and medical devices. Many of these technologies require further validation. Other key challenges to commercialization of these technologies that were identified included a lack of innovative culture amoung scientists and policy makers and lack of proof of concept funds including venture capital. Overall, this thesis identified opportunities for science based health commercialization in Africa, and also provides recommendations on how to overcome major challenges.
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Minishi-Majanja, Mabel Khayisia. "Mapping and audit of information and communication technologies in Library and Information Science education in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/293.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requiremnets for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Library and Information Science at the University of Zululand, 2004.Technology is a key subject with in C2005-RNCS and is targeted as a learning area which will contribute towards preparing learners for their roles in society and in the world of work. School principals are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that Technology as a learning area is successfully implemented at schools in line with national and provincial guidelines. This research examined management of the curriculum with specific reference to Technology as a learning area. The management role of principals is central to implementation of this learning area, including provision of resources for teaching and learning and assignment of technology education to qualified educators. A literature review was undertaken to establish the relevant technical knowledge and professional skills that the principal would be required to possess in order to bring about meaningful changes and to implement Technology education. The study revealed that there are challengers regarding management of Technology curriculum and resources to implement the learning. The study also revealed that in spite of barriers to successful implementation school principals have devised measures to implement and manage the curriculum, including communicating with the interest groups. The researcher has made recommendations regarding management and implementation for Technology education.
Moi University
34
Sehlapelo, Martin Collin Abner Mmapeteke. "A framework for building an information society for selected countries in the southern African development community." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25070.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishIn line with the World Summit on the Information Society and with the expectation that this would enable them to advance their development and improve the lives of the population, almost all the Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries had developed national information and communications technologies (ICT) policies. The purpose of this doctoral research was to investigate the theoretical underpinning(s) of the national ICT policies of the SADC countries in order to develop a theoretical framework for building an information society for development. The research employed a grounded theory design, utilising the NVivo11 software as a tool to support the analysis of the national ICT policies for the selected 12 of the 15 SADC countries, as well as the interviews of five knowledgeable informants. Content analysis and open-ended interviews were the research methods applied sequentially to develop the Capacitating Theory for Building the Information Society for Development (CaTBIS-4D) for SADC countries, which is the core of the theoretical framework that this thesis proposes. The research found that building an information society continues to remain relevant for SADC countries, and its achievement is dependent on capacitating human, infrastructure and financial factors. Significantly, the research concluded that the perceived failure of the information society project within the SADC countries is due to the arcaneness or obscurity of the recognition that development and the information society mutually reinforce upon each other such that the improvement of one contributes to the advancement in the other. Based on the research findings and conclusions, this research proposes a framework that contends that to build an information society for development, it is necessary/ crucial to capacitate the human, infrastructure and financial factors by focusing on identified economic sectors and social categories within an effective governing and implementation monitoring environment. The research recommends that as the national ICT policies within SADC countries are updated and implemented, the framework proposed in this research be utilised as a basis. Furthermore, the research recommends that the broadest range of local role-players should participate in the information society development project to ensure its endurance and relevance.
Information Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)
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Adeogun, Margaret Olufunke. "Managing resource sharing in selected Seventh-day Adventist tertiary institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa: problems and prospects." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1910.
Full textAbstract:
Universities in the new millennium find themselves in a knowledge-driven economy that is challenging them to produce a qualified and adaptable work force if they are to contribute to societal development. Owing to the structural change in the economy, entrepreneurs require high level scientists, professionals and technicians who not only have the capability to create and support innovations by adapting knowledge to local use but also people with managerial and lifelong learning skills. Such are they who can accelerate changes and make organizations more productive and efficient in the services they render. Consequently, universities in Sub-Saharan Africa are challenged to transform learning so as to produce graduates who have both knowledge and competencies. Such a system will create a balance between university education and the changing labour market. Satisfying these new educational demands are only possible through research and unhindered access to global information resources. Paradoxically, some private university libraries, because of limited funding, find themselves fiscally constrained in the provision of unhindered access to global stores of information particularly at a time of exponential growth both in number and cost of information resources. This had led libraries to re-examine resource sharing as a viable option to meeting the new demands placed on universities.
It is for the reasons above that this study examines the practice, problems and prospects of resource-sharing in selected Seventh-day Adventist university libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa. It examines scientifically the causes of poor sharing practices that are unique to each library, the situational and environmental factors that can enhance resource sharing. It provides also research-based information that will help to determine the best ways by which each library can have greater access to information resources. There are proposals for resolving the problems, and there are recommendations for dealing with the matter on a more permanent basis. The study advances resource-sharing model called Consortium of Adventist University Libraries in Africa (CAULA) as a resource sharing network for Seventh-day Adventist libraries in Africa. The organizational structure for CAULA are outlined and discussed. The proposed cooperation is not only sustainable but also structured to provide efficiency and greater regional cooperation of SDA libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa.Information Science
DLITT ET PHIL (INF SCIENCE)
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Fakinlede, Charity Onovughakpo. "“Greater Access to Higher Education through Communication Technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa: E-Learning Readiness of Distance Education Students in Nigeria”." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10791/19.
Full textAbstract:
This concurrent mixed methods study sought to determine e-learning readiness by distance education students in Nigeria based on their level of communication technology usage and perceptions of distance education delivery methods, and comparing learning experiences via the Internet and via study centre methods in Nigeria. This exploratory study using quantitative survey instrument measured the current levels of students’ technology usage, while qualitative interview instrument was used to examine students’ perceptions, attitudes and experiences of communication technology by distance education students in Nigeria. The results of this study reported high communication technology usage based on the high level of smart phone ownership and Internet browsing, high level of personal computer usage, high level of internet social networking, and high positive response for online learning, among other positive indicators. Consequently, the research findings seemed to indicate that distance education students surveyed are highly enthusiastic and are ready for e-learning in Nigeria.2012 - June
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Kindervater, Lisa Dawn. "Seize the Day: Gender Politics in Liberia's Transition to Peace and Democracy." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/35430.
Full textAbstract:
This case study investigates gender-sensitive institutional reforms in post-war Liberia. It applies key concepts developed by the Research Network on Gender Politics and the State to explore the extent to which the emergent theory of state feminism might be applicable to countries outside of the West. Preliminary findings suggest that Liberia is a feminist state insofar as both the women’s machinery and the Sirleaf Administration are allied with feminist and women’s movement actors outside the state, and that they grant these actors access to policymaking fora. Policy content also appears to reflect many of the goals identified by women’s movement actors. However, given the lack of state capacity and the degree of state penetration by international organizations, it is difficult to determine the drivers of ostensibly state-led gender equity initiatives in the country. Because multi-level governance is the norm in areas where the capacity of the state is severely circumscribed, this research introduces the concept of “supra-state feminism” to demonstrate the major limitation of state feminist theory in Liberia. This notion of feminist policy transfer in areas of limited statehood adds to the comparative literature on engendering political transitions in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Manion, Caroline. "Girls' Education as a Means or End of Development? A Case Study of Gender and Education Policy Knowledge and Action in the Gambia." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29801.
Full textAbstract:
Girls’ education has been promoted by the international development community for over two decades; however, it has proven harder to promote gender equality through education than it has been to promote gender parity in education. Of significance is the global circulation and co-existence of two competing rationales for the importance of girls’ education: economic efficiency and social justice. The cost of ignoring how and why Southern governments and their development partners choose to promote girls’ education is high: an over-emphasis on economic efficiency can mean that the root causes of gendered inequalities in society remain unchallenged, and more social justice-oriented reforms become marginalized.
This thesis uses a critical feminist lens to qualitatively investigate the role and significance of human capital, human rights, and human capabilities policy models in the context of the production and enactment of gender equality in education policy knowledge in The Gambia, a small, aid-dependent Muslim nation in West Africa. The purpose of the study was to assess the scope education policies provide for positive change in the lives of Gambian women and girls. Towards illuminating relations of power in and the politics of gender equality in education policy processes, the study compares and contrasts written texts with the perspectives of state and non-state policy actors. The study is based on data drawn from interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis.
The findings suggest that different gender equality in education ideas and practices have been selectively mobilized and incorporated into education policy processes in The Gambia. At the level of policy talk, girls’ education is framed as important for both national economic growth, and “women’s empowerment”. However, the policy solutions designed and implemented, with the support of donors, have tended to work with rather than against the status quo. Power and politics was evident in divergent interpretations and struggles to fix the meaning of key concepts such as gender, gender equality, gender equity, and empowerment. Religious beliefs, anti-feminist politics, and the national feminist movement were identified as important forces shaping gender equality in education knowledge and action in the country.
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Ramdé, Pascal. "L’appropriation du changement de politiques universitaires par les acteurs en Afrique subsaharienne, entre le local et le global : le cas de la réforme Licence-Master-Doctorat au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19859.
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