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Journal articles on the topic 'Technology transfer – Africa, Sub-Saharan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Marais, Rian, Sara S. Grobbelaar, and Imke H. de Kock. "Healthcare Technology Transfer in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Inductive Approach." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 16, no. 08 (December 2019): 1950055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021987701950055x.

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The research addressed within this paper sets out to develop a framework towards facilitating health-related technology transfer (TT) to and within sub-Saharan African countries. In turn, this framework will attempt to alleviate healthcare burdens in developing nations through a combination of acquisitions and collaborative technology development. Systematic conceptual and comparative literature reviews have been conducted to identify the major characteristics of TT. The conceptual review has outlined the universal characteristics of TT such as TT methods, prominent stakeholders and the importance of knowledge transfer while the systematic comparative review exclusively evaluated sub-Saharan African healthcare TT characteristics such as infrastructure barriers and the marketability of the transfer object. The outcomes of the literature reviews have been clustered into five phases, forming the basis of the conceptual framework. This framework aims to guide a user through the phases of technology development, technology analysis, technology transfer method application, change management and commercialization by providing managerial best practices at each phase. The conceptual framework has been evaluated by incorporating the outcomes of 16 semi-structured interviews conducted with healthcare and TT industry experts. The final framework aims to provide guidelines for any stakeholder involved in healthcare technology transfer regardless of the healthcare implementation by highlighting best practices surrounding stakeholder co-creation, transfer method application and constructing a sustainable healthcare technology transfer venture.

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ahmed, abdullahi d., and sandy suardi. "SOURCES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." South African Journal of Economics 75, no. 2 (June 2007): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2007.00116.x.

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Jellason, Nugun P., Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson, and Chukwuma C. Ogbaga. "Agriculture 4.0: Is Sub-Saharan Africa Ready?" Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 5750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125750.

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A fourth agricultural revolution, termed agriculture 4.0, is gradually gaining ground around the globe. It encompasses the application of smart technologies such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, the internet of things (IoT), big data, and robotics to improve agriculture and the sustainability of food production. To date, narratives around agriculture 4.0 associated technologies have generally focused on their application in the context of higher-income countries (HICs). In contrast, in this perspective, we critically assess the place of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in this new technology trajectory, a region that has received less attention with respect to the application of such technologies. We examine the continent’s readiness based on a number of dimensions such as scale, finance, technology leapfrogging, institutions and governance, education and skills. We critically reviewed the challenges, opportunities, and prospects of adopting agriculture 4.0 technologies in SSA, particularly with regards to how smallholder farmers in the region can be involved through a robust strategy. We find that whilst potential exist for agriculture 4.0 adoption in SSA, there are gaps in knowledge, skills, finance, and infrastructure to ensure successful adoption.

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Byars, P., and B. Antizar-Ladislao. "Water treatment and supply: intermediate education in Sub-Saharan Africa." Water Supply 11, no. 5 (December 1, 2011): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.100.

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In 1973 the economist E.F Schumacher wrote ‘Small is Beautiful’. In this he created the vision of a concept known as ‘intermediate technology’. Directly from this grew the popular ‘appropriate technology’ movement. An appropriate technology, in the ideal sense, is designed with special consideration of the environmental, ethical, cultural, social, political, and economical aspects of the community it is intended for. The term ‘appropriate technology’ is continually used when referring to water supply and treatment technologies in international development. The widespread provision of hand-pumps in Africa by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) fully characterises the approach and remains the most prominent display of technologies, transferred on a charitable basis, between the developed and developing countries. However, after years of NGOs working with hand-pumps in Africa the first signs are showing that there are widespread problems with the current approach. In many cases the nature of ‘appropriateness’ is determined from the perspective of an external technical expert and not by the communities themselves. The lack of appropriateness is leading to severely unsustainable projects. This paper explores the linkage that has not been clearly mapped in technology transfer, i.e., the use of scientific and technical education. The focus of the transfer is on developing the knowledge and skills necessary to evaluate ‘appropriateness’ from the perspective of the end user. It explores the concept of ‘Intermediate Education’ – a method of using experimental learning to address a systemic weakness in safe water provision in development.

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Osabutey, Ellis L. C., and Zhongqi Jin. "Factors influencing technology and knowledge transfer: Configurational recipes for Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Business Research 69, no. 11 (November 2016): 5390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.143.

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Isabalija, Stephen Robert, Victor Mbarika, and Geoffrey Mayoka Kituyi. "A Framework for Sustainable Implementation of E-Medicine in Transitioning Countries." International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/615617.

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Organizations in developed countries such as the United States of America and Canada face difficulties and challenges in technology transfer from one organization to another; the complexity of problems easily compounds when such transfers are attempted from developed to developing countries due to differing socioeconomic and cultural environments. There is a gap in the formation of research and education programs to address technology transfer issues that go beyond just transferring the technologies to sustaining such transfers for longer periods. This study examined telemedicine transfer challenges in three Sub-Sahara African countries and developed a framework for sustainable implementation of e-medicine. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The study findings indicate that e-medicine sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa is affected by institutional factors such as institutional environment and knowledge management practices; technical factors such as the technological environment and technology transfer project environment; social environmental factors such as social environment and donor involvement. These factors were used to model the proposed framework.

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7

Logan, Bernard I. "The Reverse Transfer of Technology from Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010119.

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This study documents and evaluates the so-called ‘brain drain’ from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States during the period 1974–85. The objective is to use the available data to provide some insights into the rôle of this region in the international labour market for trained personnel. This is done by comparing the relative volume, pattern, and trend of migration to the United States from a sample of 17 countries against that for Africa as a whole, and against that for the world. The rationale for this kind of analysis rests on the need to determine the significance for all concerned of the growing transfer of technology, and to identify the factors which control the process.

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Logan, B. I. "The Reverse Transfer of Technology from Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Zimbabwe." International Migration 37, no. 2 (June 1999): 437–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00079.

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9

Danquah, Michael. "Technology transfer, adoption of technology and the efficiency of nations: Empirical evidence from sub Saharan Africa." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 131 (June 2018): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.12.007.

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10

Elu, Juliet U., and Gregory N. Price. "Does China Transfer Productivity Enhancing Technology to Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Manufacturing Firms*." African Development Review 22 (December 2010): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2010.00260.x.

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11

Chanceline, Boutchouang Nghomsi. "Land Grabbing And Its Impact On Food Security In Sub-Saharan Africa." SocioEconomic Challenges 3, no. 4 (2019): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.3(4).72-85.2019.

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Over the last decade, the synergy between the financial and food crises has led to the emergence of new processes in the functioning of national economies – the seizure of agricultural land. On the one hand, the governments of most African countries, for the sake of their food security, import food and buy agricultural land overseas to organize their own agricultural production. On the other hand, the main purpose of multinational companies investing in land purchases is to generate more profit. This situation led to the rapid and complete privatization of agricultural land on the African continent between 2008 and 2010, while the locals were living outside poverty. The peasants’ right of access to land is no longer guaranteed, they have remained unprotected in their own territories. At present, exponential population growth and its needs are taking place, access to land and water is a crucial element of government. The purpose of the article is to analyze the probable conflicts in land relations arising from the transfer of land to multinational companies. The term ‘land grabbing’ means the large-scale acquisition (purchase, lease) of agricultural land by private individuals for commercial purposes abroad and in the long term (30-90 years) for agricultural production or biofuel production for export. The author of the article found that the products grown on these lands will be destined for the population of other countries, which is detrimental to the local population. Consequently, the seizure of land will in the future have negative socio-economic consequences for society: the destruction of farms, the exacerbation of contradictions between the rural population, the destruction of community fields beyond land acquired by foreign states and transnational corporations. In addition, the study concludes that, first, the seizure of land on the African continent through foreign direct investment, capital transfers, technology and job creation can help to increase the individual income and standard of living of the local population, and thus promote food security; secondly, the significant demand for food and biofuels in the world, population pressures and climate change are factors contributing to the improvement of product quality in the African continent. Keywords: land grabbing, food security, impact, rural agriculture, Sub-Saharan Africa.

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12

Newitt, Malyn. "Africa and the wider world: creole communities in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans." Tempo 23, no. 3 (December 2017): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2017v230303.

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Abstract: Portuguese creoles were instrumental in bringing sub-Saharan Africa into the intercontinental systems of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. In the Atlantic Islands a distinctive creole culture emerged, made up of Christian emigrants from Portugal, Jewish exiles and African slaves. These creole polities offered a base for coastal traders and became politically influential in Africa - in Angola creating their own mainland state. Connecting the African interior with the world economy was largely on African terms and the lack of technology transfer meant that the economic gap between Africa and the rest of the world inexorably widened. African slaves in Latin America adapted to a society already creolised, often through adroit forms of cultural appropriation and synthesis. In eastern Africa Portuguese worked within existing creolised Islamic networks but the passage of their Indiamen through the Atlantic created close links between the Indian Ocean and Atlantic commercial systems.

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13

Fernandes, Tito, Carmen Garrine, Jorge Ferrão, Victoria Bell, and Theodoros Varzakas. "Mushroom Nutrition as Preventative Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094221.

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The defining characteristics of the traditional Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cuisine have been the richness in indigenous foods and ingredients, herbs and spices, fermented foods and beverages, and healthy and whole ingredients used. It is crucial to safeguard the recognized benefits of mainstream traditional foods and ingredients, which gradually eroded in the last decades. Notwithstanding poverty, chronic hunger, malnutrition, and undernourishment in the region, traditional eating habits have been related to positive health outcomes and sustainability. The research prevailed dealing with food availability and access rather than the health, nutrition, and diet quality dimensions of food security based on what people consume per country and on the missing data related to nutrient composition of indigenous foods. As countries become more economically developed, they shift to “modern” occidental foods rich in saturated fats, salt, sugar, fizzy beverages, and sweeteners. As a result, there are increased incidences of previously unreported ailments due to an unbalanced diet. Protein-rich foods in dietary guidelines enhance only those of animal or plant sources, while rich protein sources such as mushrooms have been absent in these charts, even in developed countries. This article considers the valorization of traditional African foodstuffs and ingredients, enhancing the importance of establishing food-based dietary guidelines per country. The crux of this review highlights the potential of mushrooms, namely some underutilized in the SSA, which is the continent’s little exploited gold mine as one of the greatest untapped resources for feeding and providing income for Africa’s growing population, which could play a role in shielding Sub-Saharan Africans against the side effects of an unhealthy stylish diet.

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Cambaza, Cesario, Jaime Hoogesteger, and Gert Jan Veldwisch. "Irrigation management transfer in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of policy implementation across scales." Water International 45, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2019.1702310.

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15

Ssozi and Bbaale. "The Effects of the Catch-Up Mechanism on the Structural Transformation of Sub-Saharan Africa." Economies 7, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7040111.

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Structural transformation is one of the processes of productivity growth urgently needed in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study uses the catch-up mechanism to analyze how international contacts and domestic absorptive capacity constraints are shaping the pattern of structural transformation in SSA. Using a two-step Generalized Method of Moments on 2000–2015 data for 29 SSA countries, the paper finds that SSA is undergoing a non-classical structural transformation led by the service sector instead of manufacturing. Import penetration, a key variable of international contact, has negative coefficients for both the agricultural and manufacturing shares of gross domestic product (GDP) but is positively associated with both the services shares of employment and GDP. A test of Kaldor’s third law finds that if growth in employment outside manufacturing is in services, it can also increase economy-wide productivity. Hence, it is the international constraints, such as import penetration and foreign direct investment, that are making the structural transformation of SSA non-classical. Services that involve transfer of skills and technology, such as international tourism and information and communications technology services exports, provide opportunities for structural change and productivity growth.

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Mckendrick, Iain J., George Gettinby, Yiqun Gu, Andrew Peregrine, and Crawford Revie. "Hybrid Information Systems for Agriculture: The Case of Cattle Trypanosomiasis in Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 23, no. 4 (December 1994): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709402300405.

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Large scale population growth in sub-Saharan Africa makes it imperative to achieve an equivalent increase in food production in this area. It is also important that any increase be sustainable in the long-term, not causing lasting damage to local ecosystems. Recent advances in information technology make the successful diffusion of relevant expertise to farmers a more practical option than ever before. How this might be achieved is described in this paper, which considers the transfer of expertise in the diagnosis, treatment and management of trypanosomiasis in cattle. Using current technology, the combination of different software systems in one integrated hybrid system could allow the delivery of high quality, well focused information to the potential user.

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Osabutey, Ellis L. C., and Terence Jackson. "The impact on development of technology and knowledge transfer in Chinese MNEs in sub-Saharan Africa: The Ghanaian case." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 148 (November 2019): 119725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119725.

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18

Munemo, Jonathan. "Examining Imports of Capital Goods From China as a Channel for Technology Transfer and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of African Business 14, no. 2 (May 2013): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2013.804370.

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19

Eta, Elizabeth Agbor, and Zachary Y. Mngo. "Policy diffusion and transfer of the Bologna Process in Africa’s national, sub-regional and regional contexts." European Educational Research Journal 20, no. 1 (August 26, 2020): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474904120951061.

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This article traces the process of diffusion and transfer of the European Bologna Process reforms in Africa’s national, sub-regional and regional contexts and examines factors that drive these processes. Considering that African countries are not official signatories but are aligning their systems of education to the BP, and in the absence of a coordinated effort and the use of digital technology to produce and present data that documents and maps out progress, tracing the diffusion process in this context is challenging, which is the reason for limited research in this area. Based on a review of existing literature, this article argues that in Africa, the dissemination and transfer of BP-related reforms started as individual projects by national governments as early as 2000 before metamorphosing into sub-regional and regional initiatives. The article identifies economic, political and discursive factors as well as the selective and silent processes that shaped Bologna transfer at these different levels in Africa.

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Golding, Jennie, and Marjorie Sarah K. Batiibwe. "A design approach to mathematics teacher educator development in East Africa." JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education) 6, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v6i1.11898.

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Mathematical functioning in sub-Saharan Africa remains persistently weak in global terms. This limits the flourishing of young people and communities in the region. Moreover, affordable, effective ways to address the issue are not well established. This paper analyses outcomes from a blended learning ‘Mathematical Thinking and IT’ course, iteratively adapted for East African primary mathematics teacher educators. The course adopted theoretical approaches derived from the mathematics, teacher and technology education literatures. It aimed to address the problem of low mathematical functioning by equipping participants for their own work, and also for supporting local collaborative teacher development workshops. The reported study asked, ‘What are the affordances and constraints of the adapted course and the available technology for mathematics teacher educator development in this context?’A variety of qualitative tools were used to track the course’s impact on the ten mathematics teacher educator participants over six months, as they attempted to transfer course learning to their home professional context. The analysis adopted an ethnographic lens. Outcomes suggested participants with a broad mathematical and pedagogical capacity for change, including critical levels of reflection, made significant progress in their technological, mathematical and mathematics pedagogical expertise. However, teacher educators without such a threshold capacity appeared not able to re-envision practice. Free subject-specific software was appreciated by all participants, but not yet reliably accessible in these teacher educators’ institutional contexts. The reported study evidences the potential for affordable, sustainable, development of many mathematics teacher educators in this context, but further research is needed. Similar courses should take account of local technological and education constraints

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Boykin, Sseruwagi, Alicai, Ateka, Mohammed, Stanton, Kayuki, et al. "Tree Lab: Portable genomics for Early Detection of Plant Viruses and Pests in Sub-Saharan Africa." Genes 10, no. 9 (August 21, 2019): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10090632.

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In this case study we successfully teamed the PDQeX DNA purification technology developed by MicroGEM, New Zealand, with the MinION and MinIT mobile sequencing devices developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies to produce an effective point-of-need field diagnostic system. The PDQeX extracts DNA using a cocktail of thermophilic proteinases and cell wall-degrading enzymes, thermo-responsive extractor cartridges and a temperature control unit. This closed system delivers purified DNA with no cross-contamination. The MinIT is a newly released data processing unit that converts MinION raw signal output into nucleotide base called data locally in real-time, removing the need for high-specification computers and large file transfers from the field. All three devices are battery powered with an exceptionally small footprint that facilitates transport and setup. To evaluate and validate capability of the system for unbiased pathogen identification by real-time sequencing in a farmer’s field setting, we analysed samples collected from cassava plants grown by subsistence farmers in three sub-Sahara African countries (Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya). A range of viral pathogens, all with similar symptoms, greatly reduce yield or destroy cassava crops. Eight hundred (800) million people worldwide depend on cassava for food and yearly income, and viral diseases are a significant constraint to its production. Early pathogen detection at a molecular level has great potential to rescue crops within a single growing season by providing results that inform decisions on disease management, use of appropriate virus-resistant or replacement planting. This case study presented conditions of working in-field with limited or no access to mains power, laboratory infrastructure, Internet connectivity and highly variable ambient temperature. An additional challenge is that, generally, plant material contains inhibitors of downstream molecular processes making effective DNA purification critical. We successfully undertook real-time on-farm genome sequencing of samples collected from cassava plants on three farms, one in each country. Cassava mosaic begomoviruses were detected by sequencing leaf, stem, tuber and insect samples. The entire process, from arrival on farm to diagnosis, including sample collection, processing and provisional sequencing results was complete in under 3 h. The need for accurate, rapid and on-site diagnosis grows as globalized human activity accelerates. This technical breakthrough has applications that are relevant to human and animal health, environmental management and conservation.

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Bomani, Mapeto, Gladys Gamariel, and James Juana. "University strategic planning and the impartation of technopreneurship skills to students: Literature review." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 2, special issue (2021): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jjgrv10i2siart1.

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The Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR) has ushered in an era in which technopreneurship is central to economic development. Universities are viewed as critical conduits for imparting technopreneurship skills to university students (Cereijo, as cited in Suradi, Yasin, & Rasul, 2017), and this should be reflected in the university’s strategic plan. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to explore the nexus between university strategic planning and the impartation of technopreneurship skills to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) students in Sub Saharan Africa. Methodologically, the paper adopted an integrative approach in reviewing, critiquing, and synthesising scholarly literature on the link between strategic planning and the impartation of technopreneurship skills in STEM universities. This paper argues that strategic planning has an impact on the transfer of technopreneurship skills to students. A university’s strategic plan defines its future direction, provides a coherent basis for decision-making, and establishes priorities (Albon, Iqbal, & Pearson, 2016). Hence, it influences the procurement and allocation of resources, courses to be taught and pedagogical approaches to be adopted. This paper contributes to knowledge by suggesting that strategic planning in STEM universities should encompass technology and entrepreneurship in the vision, mission, and strategic goals.

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Paradza, Gaynor, Lebogang Mokwena, and Walter Musakwa. "Could Mapping Initiatives Catalyze the Interpretation of Customary Land Rights in Ways that Secure Women’s Land Rights?" Land 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100344.

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Although land forms the basis for marginal livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa, the asset is more strategic for women as they usually hold derived and dependent rights to land in customary tenure areas. Initiatives to secure women’s land tenure in customary areas are undermined by the social embeddedness of the rights, patriarchy, lack of awareness by the communities, legal pluralism, and challenges of recording the rights. As pressure on customary land tenure increases due to foreign and local land-based investment interests, land titling initiatives, tourism, and mineral resources exploration, communities and women within them are at real risk of losing their land, the basis of their livelihoods. Women stand to lose more as they hold tenuous land rights in customary land tenure areas. Accordingly, this study analyzes case studies of selected mapping initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa to interrogate the extent to which mapping both as a cadastral exercise and emerging practice in the initiation of participatory land governance initiatives, catalyze the transmission of customary land rights in ways that have a positive impact on women’s access to land in customary land tenure areas. The results indicate that mapping initiatives generate opportunities, innovations, and novel spaces for securing women’s access to land in customary tenure areas which include catalyzing legislative changes and facilitating technology transfer, increasing awareness of women’s interests, providing opportunities for women to participate in decision-making forums, providing a basis for securing statutory recognition for their land rights, and improving natural resource stewardship. The potential challenges include the community’s capacity to sustain the initiatives, the expense of the technology and software, widespread illiteracy of women, power asymmetries and bias of the mapping experts, increased vulnerability of mapped land to exploitation, the legal status of the maps in the host community and /or country, compatibility with existing land recording systems, statutory bias in recording land rights and the potential of mapping initiatives to unearth existing land boundary conflicts. These challenges can be mediated by sensitive planning and management to ensure real and sustainable land tenure security for women. The paper contributes to debates around customary land tenure dynamics, specifically the issues pertaining to registration of primary and derived customary rights to land. These includes policy debates and choices to be made about how best to secure tenuous customary land rights of women and other vulnerable people. The paper also contributes to our understanding of what instruments in land registration toolkits might strengthen women’s land rights and the conditions under which this could be done.

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Flora, Cornelia Butler. "Food security in the context of energy and resource depletion: Sustainable agriculture in developing countries." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, no. 2 (March 25, 2010): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170510000177.

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AbstractFood insecurity remains high in most of sub-Saharan African. That insecurity is made even more acute by the increasing scarcity and degradation of natural resources. Low soil fertility is a consistent problem faced by agriculturalists and herders. The dominant international thrust to increase food production has been to stimulate trade, enhanced by technology and its transfer. While international bodies acknowledge the importance of small farmers, they operate as if improving the technologies, trade regimes and value chains that are characteristic of industrial agriculture will have the same results in local ecosystems in developing countries. Price volatility makes access to purchased inputs more risky for smallholders and the governments that subsidize those inputs. The diverse local contexts that serve as the base of African agriculture are thus assumed to be overridden by technology. In contrast, a systems approach that focuses on sustainability of the local ecosystem, social and cultural relationships and economic security can be as, or more productive than industrial agriculture and have a much better opportunity to increase food security in developing countries. Such a systems-based shift in practices, such as the application of conservation agriculture and integrated systemic approaches in Millennium Villages, have potential of addressing household livelihood strategies and production issues in a sustainable, farmer-based way. Resource-conserving agriculture has been shown to increase yields in developing countries. Priority should be given to developing technologies that follow the systems principles of sustainable agriculture, integrating biological and ecological processes (such as nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation, soil regeneration and biodiversity) into the production processes; minimizing use of non-renewable inputs that cause harm to the environment or to the health of farmers and consumers; and making productive use of the knowledge and skills of farmers and their collective capacities to work together to solve common problems. A variety of models are on the ground in Africa, and there is political will in the African Union to increase investment in agriculture. What sort of investments, policy interventions and capacity building are more effective in increasing productivity and the well-being of agricultural producers? Are strategies aimed at reducing the number of people involved in farming and herding viable in the context of a stagnant world economy?

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Nouaceur, Zeineddine, and Ovidiu Murarescu. "Rainfall Variability and Trend Analysis of Rainfall in West Africa (Senegal, Mauritania, Burkina Faso)." Water 12, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061754.

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This study concerns the West African Sahel. The Sahelian climate is characterized by a long dry season and a rainy season which starts in June and ends in September–October. This latter season is associated with the process of oceanic moisture transfer to the mainland (the West African Monsoon). This movement is governed by an overall moving of the meteorological equator and its low-pressure corridor (Intertropical Convergence Zone, ITCZ) towards the north, under the effect of the attraction of the Saharan thermal depressions and a greater vigor of the anticyclonic nuclei. This study was conducted on 27 Sahelian climatic stations in three countries (Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Senegal). The method used to determine the modes of this variability and the trends of rainfall is the chronological graphic method of information processing (MGCTI) of the “Bertin Matrix” and continuous wavelets transform (CWT). Results show a rain resumption observed in the recent years over the Sahelian region and a convincing link with the surface temperature of the Atlantic Ocean.

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Coulibaly, Brahima, Gideon Sagoe, and Li Shixiang. "Towards poverty alleviation in developing countries: An empirical study of the impact of land tenure reforms in Kati, Mali." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0246502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246502.

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Post-colonial land tenure reforms in emerging countries have partly aimed at poverty reduction through equitable land access. However, the poverty rate keeps rising in rural and peri-urban settings in Sub-Saharan Africa dominated by agricultural activities. This article reviews land tenure reforms in Mali, from the year 2000 to 2017 regarding poverty alleviation and evaluates their impacts on indigenous smallholder farmers, using multiple linear and logistic regression models and local experts’ elicitations. The results indicate that the advent of land titles as the only definitive evidence of land ownership, following the reforms, has generally weakened customary land management. Smallholder farmers face several barriers to obtaining land titles, limiting equity in land access and security. This has paved way for land markets marred by irregularities and resulted in colossal loss of agricultural lands, which are the main source of rural livelihood. Thus, the reforms have not yielded the intended poverty reduction outcomes. The study recommends that land transfers must be authorised by a single institution, represented at the various administrative levels, which issues an authentic and incorruptible document using appropriate technology. Moreover, since pro-poor provisions in the reforms usually lack implementing decrees in Mali, political will is key to achieving equitable land access and security.

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Atera, Evans Atuti, Takashige Ishii, John C. Onyango, Kazuyuki Itoh, and Tetsushi Azuma. "Striga Infestation in Kenya: Status, Distribution and Management Options." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 2 (January 4, 2013): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n2p99.

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<p><em>Striga</em> spp. is considered to be the greatest biological constraint to food production in sub-Saharan Africa, a more serious problem than insects, birds and plant diseases. They are among the most specialized root-parasitic plants inflicting serious injury to their host depriving them water, minerals and photosynthate. The greatest diversity of <em>Striga </em>spp. occurs in grassland. However, <em>Striga hermonthica</em> mainly occurs in farmland infecting grasses. The parasite devastating effect is accomplished prior to its emergence from the soil. It may cause yield losses in cereals ranging from 15% under favourable conditions to 100% where several stress factors are involved, thereby affecting the livelihood of millions of resource-poor farmers. Piecemeal approach to address one aspect of <em>Striga</em> problem at a time has been a setback in technology transfer to producers. Future <em>Striga</em> control programs should not be conducted separately, but should rather be conducted in an integrated approach that combines research talents of various institutions. This will facilitate collaborative research and achieve qualitative interaction between stakeholders, which can easily produce reliable technologies that are practical and available to farmers. <em>Striga</em> being a pervasive pest, time is of essence in controlling it. There is an urgent need for the establishment of policies to promote, implement, and ensure a long-term sustainable <em>Striga</em> control program.</p>

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Gebrehiwot, Kidanemariam Gebregziabher. "The impact of agricultural extension on households’ welfare in Ethiopia." International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 8 (August 10, 2015): 733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2014-0088.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the Integrated Household Extension Program (IHEP) on participant households’ welfare and see the policy effectiveness. The government of Ethiopia – in contrast to the majority of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa – invests heavily in agricultural extension but very little empirical evidence is available on the impact of the services on farm performance and household welfare that could justify these investments. The IHEP program is a particularly interesting case as it is an example on how agricultural extension systems in developing countries changed during the past two decades, from centralized top-down technology-transfer-orientated approaches to decentralized, participatory and more integrated approaches. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use household survey data from 730 farm households (361 treated and 369 control) in the Tigray region of Ethiopia and propensity score matching methods to estimate the impact. Findings – The authors find that the extension program had a large positive impact on household welfare – increasing income with about 10 percent – and on investment but have not impacted on income diversification. In addition to the main variable of interest (extension), household characteristics, such as household head age, gender, adult labor availability in the household, asset holdings and social capital variables were found to have an influence on income, investment and income diversification. Originality/value – The paper has tried to assess the impact of a program which claiming substantial public money using primary data. Hence, the findings will serve to inform policy makers as how the program is running.

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Lall, Sanjaya, and Carlo Pietrobelli. "National Technology Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Technology and Globalisation 1, no. 3/4 (2005): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtg.2005.008746.

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Taylor, Richard. "Groundwater protection in sub-Saharan Africa." Waterlines 24, no. 1 (July 2005): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2005.035.

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Ryan, John, Colin Norwood, and Juergen Diekmann. "Features of an Experimental Station at an International Agricultural Research Center that Enhance Regional Impact." Sustainable Agriculture Research 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p88.

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<p>Adequately equipped field stations are essential for any institution involved with applied agricultural research. The field station is particularly crucial to the functioning of the network of global international research centers. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas addresses issues mainly related to dryland cropping system of the West Asia and North Africa region. It extends its effectiveness in northern Syria through a range of sub-stations and on-farm sites across the rainfall transect (150-600 mm). This article describes the environment and management of the Center that backstops its applied and adaptive research. Particular strengths of the station are highlighted. Unique features of the station that further the technology generation and transfer are described. While some aspects of international research station management are generic, there are considerations described that are specific to an evolving dryland research center in a rapidly changing region.</p>

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32

Fraser, H. S. F. "Information technology and telemedicine in sub-Saharan Africa." BMJ 321, no. 7259 (August 19, 2000): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7259.465.

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Xu, Yongxin, Paul Seward, Cheikh Gaye, Lixiang Lin, and Daniel O. Olago. "Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 3 (April 27, 2019): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2.

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34

Carr, Stephen, and Michael Mortimore. "Dryland Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 47, no. 5 (June 2005): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/envt.47.5.44-45.

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35

Donou-Adonsou, Ficawoyi. "Technology, education, and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." Telecommunications Policy 43, no. 4 (May 2019): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2018.08.005.

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Mbarika, Victor W. A., Muhammadou Kah, Kibily Samake, and Jeffrey G. Sumrall. "Information Technology Access: Cybercafe Diffusion in Sub-Saharan Africa." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 26, no. 3 (2007): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mts.2007.906677.

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Yong Kim, Jung. "Materials science, technology and innovation in sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 6, no. 4 (July 4, 2014): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2014.895486.

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38

Oehmke, J. F., and E. W. Crawford. "The Impact of Agricultural Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of African Economies 5, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jae.a020905.

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39

Asongu, Simplice, Joseph Nnanna, and Paul Acha-Anyi. "Information technology, governance and insurance in Sub-Saharan Africa." Social Responsibility Journal 16, no. 8 (September 5, 2019): 1253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-05-2019-0167.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in modulating the effect of governance on insurance penetration in 42 Sub-Saharan African countries using data for the period 2004-2014. Design/methodology/approach Two insurance indicators are used in the analysis, namely, life insurance and non-life insurance. The three ICT modulating dynamics used include mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions. Six governance channels are also considered, namely, political stability, “voice & accountability”, regulation quality, government effectiveness, the rule of law and corruption-control. The empirical evidence is based on generalized method of moments. Findings The following main findings are established. First, mobile phone penetration does not significantly modulate governance channels to positively affect life insurance while it effectively complements “voice & accountability” to induce a positive net effect on non-life insurance. Second, internet penetration complements governance dynamics of political stability, government effectiveness and rule of law to induce positive net effects on life insurance and corruption-control for an overall positive effect on non-life insurance. Third, the relevance of fixed broadband subscriptions in promoting life insurance is apparent via governance channels of regulation quality, government effectiveness and the rule of law while fixed broadband subscriptions do not induce significant overall net effects on non-life insurance though the conditional effects are overwhelmingly significant. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, studies on the relevance of ICT in promoting insurance consumption through governance channels are sparse, especially for a region such as Sub-Saharan Africa where insurance penetration is low compared to other regions of the world.

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Faruk, Nasir, N. T. Surajudeen-Bakinde, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Abdulkarim Ayopo Oloyede, Lukman Olawoyin, Olayiwola W. Bello, Segun I. Popoola, and Thierry O. C. Edoh. "Rural Healthcare Delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 15, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.2020070101.

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Access to quality healthcare is a major problem in Sub-Saharan Africa with a doctor-to-patient ratio as high as 1:50,000, which is far above the recommended ratio by the World Health Organization (WHO) which is 1:600. This has been aggravated by the lack of access to critical infrastructures such as the health care facilities, roads, electricity, and many other factors. Even if these infrastructures are provided, the number of medical practitioners to cater for the growing population of these countries is not sufficient. In this article, how information and communication technology (ICT) can be used to drive a sustainable health care delivery system through the introduction and promotion of Virtual Clinics and various health information systems such as mobile health and electronic health record systems into the healthcare industry in Sub-Saharan Africa is presented. Furthermore, the article suggests ways of attaining successful implementation of telemedicine applications /services and remote health care facilities in Africa.

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Verkijika, Silas Formunyuy, and Lizette De Wet. "E-government adoption in sub-Saharan Africa." Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 30 (July 2018): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2018.05.012.

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Kohler, Marcel, and Thembeka Khumalo. "Upgrading Export Structure In Sub-Saharan Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i2.9164.

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A major focus of research on trade policy reform relates to whether changes in global economic participation, brought about by such reform, provides for sustainable income growth in the countries concerned. The challenge for many African economies in this context is to improve their position in the global economy by upgrading their export structures. The authors empirical work suggests that export diversification is a critical first step in upgrading export structure in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The authors find that the knowledge gained from the export diversification process, along with technology spillovers associated with FDI flows, are important drivers. Furthermore, they find evidence of learning by doing productivity gains from SSA exporting activity. On the whole, the authors do not find that the rise of Asian driver economies poses a significant threat to SSA export sophistication. What is crucial to the further success of SSA countries upgrading their export structure is government policy initiatives that prioritise the upgrading of infrastructure, human capital development and institutional reform. These efforts will ensure that SSA countries can realise real economic gains through improvements in their export structures rather than locking their economies into commodity dependence on the basis of their favourable natural resource endowments.

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Mabogunje, Akin L. "The Environmental Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 37, no. 4 (May 1995): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1995.9929233.

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Etim, Alice S. "The Emerging Market of Sub-Saharan Africa and Technology Adoption." International Journal of ICT Research and Development in Africa 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jictrda.2012010102.

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In the United States, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and several emerging economies in Asia, mobile technologies have become ubiquitous and core to everyday lives. The same cannot be said for many countries in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The availability, affordability and use of information and communication technology (ICT) continue to pose a major challenge to the progress of this important emerging economy and their participation in a networked and “flat world.” Writers (Bishop et al., 1999; ADB, 2003; Fisher et al., 2004; Elijah & Ogunlade, 2006; Etim, 2009; Ssewanyana, 2007) argue for the use of ICT to enable the SSA population in the area of economic and personal development. This paper examines the emerging economy of SSA adoption of mobile technologies in comparison to the U.S.A and reports a study on the features that SSA students desire in mobile phones. The key finding was that study participants desired Internet access via mobile phones.

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Faminow, Merle D., John H. Sanders, Barry I. Shapiro, and Sunder Ramaswamy. "The Economics of Agricultural Technology in Semiarid Sub-Saharan Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies 32, no. 2 (1998): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/486172.

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James, Jeffrey. "Trait-making for labour-intensive technology in Sub-Saharan Africa." Research Policy 29, no. 6 (June 2000): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00049-9.

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Asongu, Simplice A., Stella-Maris I. Orim, and Rexon T. Nting. "Inequality, information technology and inclusive education in sub-Saharan Africa." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 146 (September 2019): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.06.006.

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Managi, Shunsuke, and Samuel Mulenga Bwalya. "Foreign direct investment and technology spillovers in sub-Saharan Africa." Applied Economics Letters 17, no. 6 (April 14, 2010): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850802167173.

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Parawira, Wilson. "Biogas technology in sub-Saharan Africa: status, prospects and constraints." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 8, no. 2 (April 21, 2009): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-009-9148-0.

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Asongu, Simplice A., Joseph Amankwah‐Amoah, Rexon T. Nting, and Godfred Adjapong Afrifa. "Information Technology and Gender Economic Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Global Information Technology Management 24, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1097198x.2021.1914497.

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