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1
尤孩明 and Haiming You. "Organizational strategies for construction technology transfer to China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241281.
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Seaton, Roger A. F. "Technology, knowledge translation and policy : conceptual frameworks and case-studies." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3460.
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The aim of this thesis is to develop, present and then demonstrate conceptual structures
that link together an apparently heterogeneous range of research activity about
technology in situations which are the subject of decision-making and policy
formulation.
Technology is considered to be knowledge as applied in organisations, communities,
policy contexts and so on. It thus takes in not only the physical processes and output of
the engineering sciences but also the new forms of organisation which use that output,
their impacts on, and interactions with, people at large and with the so-called natural
systems in which those people are embedded and with which they also interact.
Methodologically many of the research publications which this thesis incorporates
approach technology related issues and problems from the bottom up, from the most
microscopic level of the individual human actor, the smallest feasible level of natural
and engineered systems. It is an attempt to redress the top down perspectives which
dominate technology and science policy formulation and decision making. This
approach often requires research interaction at the level of the individual person or at the
lowest level of physical and biological activity relevant to the issue at hand and the
appropriate techniques for such interaction are debated and demonstrated.
The principles of "translation" or "mapping" which are capable of being applied to a
range of interactions between different domains (physically engineered, diverse
individuals and knowledge) are developed. The thesis then shows how the
representation of responses of people to products and services has evolved and begins to
focus on organisations as suppliers of those products and processes.
Technology is articulated as knowledge in the context of technology transfer into
organisations and the thesis shows how those ideas evolved into the concept of
knowledge dynamics in organisations. The problems of interactions which involve bio-
physical systems as well as engineered systems and people and the issues of
sustainability and policy relevant research are introduced. The nature of integrative
interdisciplinary research about these issues is presented as a form of knowledge
dynamics.
The thesis shows how the concepts above can be used to distinguish between policy and
decision relevant issues, and how they help to provide a conceptual framework within
which the similarities and differences between knowledge policy in organisations and
science research policy can be compared. Thus it is a series of interdisciplinary
explorations into complex decision and policy relevant situations in which technology,
in the form of knowledge and as the study of interaction between the designed physical
world, people, organisations and natural systems, is a constant theme.
3
Monye, Sylvester O. "International technology transfer : the case of licensing in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1989. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20382.
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This study is concerned with the issue of international technology transfer, particularly to developing countries through licensing. Given the imperfect nature of technology market, multinational enterprises (MNEs) wield considerable amount of bargaining power in the negotiation of technology transfer arrangements with both related and unrelated parties. However, the intervention of host governements [sic] in the negotiation processes increases the complexity of the bargaining power issue. This aspect of transfer negotiation which is largely ignored in the literature, stems from "perceived need" to increase the benefits flowing from the operations of MHEs in the host country. Therefore the relationship between foreign investors and host countries is one of bilateral monopoly : the foreign investor has control over capital, technology, management and marketing skills needed to launch a product successfully; the host country has control over access before investment is made and over conditions for operating afterwards. Evidence from the literature show that bargaining power is a dynamic concept which incorporates a wide variety of variables. With developing countries, these variables are further complicated by the knowledge that neither the goals nor the relative bargaining strengths of the MNEs and host governments are static. They change over time. Therefore this study assesses the bargaining power determinants in a "controlled market" in which conditions are determined by the political and economic aspirations of the host government rather than by market forces of demand and supply. It also reviews the policy implications of the findings on the licensor; the licensee; and the host government. The results of this research revealed that in Nigeria, two principal factors were decisive in the determination of bargaining powers of both the multinational enterprises and the country, and these were (i) technology and its perceived importance by the host country, and (ii) the host government control policies.
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Ouma, Onyango Richard Allen. "Strategic national information management and technology transfer : the case of Kenya." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1991. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21300.
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This is a study of information management in technology transfer, industrialisation and national economic development. It is based on a case study of Kenya. It argues for national information management as an aid to informed strategic decision making in technology identification, selection and negotiation. It proposes that effective technology transfer to developing countries depends on the information management capability of the national institutions responsible for managing the process because institutions are information processing organs. National institutions can support the technology transfer process by making the internal and external environment transparent for the economic agents in the country. They can create the environment in which learning takes place by supporting decision making based on information and using the best expertise. To support the process, national institutions require to build institutional memory and proceduralise the transfer of lessons between projects. This is the way to advance indigenous technological capability. Institutionalising informed decision making is necessary if a developing country like Kenya is to benefit from developments accompanying the new information technologies. Institutional reorganisation should, therefore, be at the centre of national information and informatics policies. Two project case studies from Kenya are used to demonstrate the argument.
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Tarfa, Sintiki Bello. "Technology transfer and use : case studies from Hausa women's groups in Northern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363414.
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Giuliano, Jonathan. "Innovation processes in university technology transfer : case studies from the UK and the US." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/innovation-processes-in-university-technology-transfer-case-studies-from-the-uk-and-the-us(758733e0-d98e-467e-a4d7-4c7ff8e212f9).html.
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This study focuses on university technology transfer organizations and innovation processes. Universities in the UK and the US have established organizations to facilitate the transfer of technologies from the university to industry, with public use and benefit as an ultimate objective. This research asks what process or processes describe and explicate innovation in the technology transfer organization in universities. Responses to the question derive from organization theory and case studies of four universities, two in the UK and two in the US. With qualitative data analysis, a resultant framework explains an innovation process. Justification for this research includes benefits for technology transfer officers in improving their innovation process and for university administrators, industry executives, venture capitalists, and government policy makes in better understanding technology transfer organizations. This study makes a contribution to the literature and practice of innovation and university technology transfer. Analysis of the research leads to a framework more robust than earlier frameworks by expanding antecedent conditions and actions and adding the influence of resources and organizational environments. Case studies, subsuming 48 critical incidents, permit a more rigorous analysis than hitherto available, in particular identifying actions in tripartite clusters (i.e., actions unique to successful incidents, actions unique to unsuccessful incidents, and actions present in both successful and unsuccessful incidents). This study also identifies more similarities than differences between UK and US technology transfer offices, both small and large.
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Metawa, Khalifa O. "The transfer of construction management technology to developing countries - Libya as a case study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241168.
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Hipkin, Ian B. "Technology transfer to developing countries : the case of physical asset management in South Africa." Thesis, Aston University, 2004. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10771/.
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This research investigates technology transfer (TT) to developing countries, with specific reference to South Africa. Particular attention is paid to physical asset management, which includes the maintenance of plant, equipment and facilities. The research is case based, comprising a main case study (the South African electricity utility, Eskom) and four mini-cases. A five level framework adapted from Salami and Reavill (1997) is used as the methodological basis for the formulation of the research questions. This deals with technology selection, and management issues including implementation and maintenance and evaluation and modifications. The findings suggest the Salami and Reavill (1997) framework is a useful guide for TT. The case organisations did not introduce technology for strategic advantage, but to achieve operational efficiencies through cost reduction, higher quality and the ability to meet customer demand. Acquirers favour standardised technologies with which they are familiar. Cost-benefit evaluations have limited use in technology acquisition decisions. Users rely on supplier expertise to compensate for poor education and technical training in South Africa. The impact of political and economic factors is more evident in Eskom than in the mini-cases. Physical asset management follows traditional preventive maintenance practices, with limited use of new maintenance management thinking. Few modifications of the technology or R&D innovations take place. Little use is made of explicit knowledge from computerised maintenance management systems. Low operating and maintenance skills are not conducive to the transfer of high-technology equipment. South African organisations acquire technology as items of plant, equipment and systems, but limited transfer of technology takes place. This suggests that operators and maintainers frequently do not understand the underlying technology, and like workers elsewhere, are not always inclined towards adopting technology in the workplace.
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Vaux, Janet Heather. "Social and epistemological bases of technology transfer : the case of artificial intelligence." Thesis, Brunel University, 1999. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5505.
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This thesis addresses a problem in the literature on technology transfer of understanding the local appropriation of knowledge. Based on interpretive and analytic traditions developed in Science and Technology Studies (STS) and ethnomethodology, I conceptualise technology transfer as involving communication between discursive communities. I develop the idea of 'performance of community' to argue that explanations of research and technology, and readings of those explanations, are sites for the elaboration of the identity of a discursive community. I explore this approach through a case study in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). I focus on what I call 'explanatory practices', that is practices of describing, identifying and explaining Al, and trace the differences in these practices, according to location, context and audience. The novelty of my thesis is to show the pervasiveness of performance of community within these explanatory practices, through showing the differences in the claimed identity and significance of Al, associated with different locations, contexts and audiences. I draw out some of the implications of my approach by counterposing it to a theory of technology transfer as the passing of neutral units of information, which I argue is implicit in a complaint made by Al vendors that the Al marketplace had been damaged by overselling or hype. In particular, I show that disclaimers of hype (more than the perpetration of it) had always been associated with the marketing of Al. More generally, my claim is that it is politically important to understand that neutral information is not available even as an ultimate standard, and that the local appropriation of knowledge is not an aberration to be controlled, but a component of both successful and unsuccessful communication between discursive communities.
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Liew, Boon Horng. "A methodology to review operational learning and knowledge processes : case studies of two multinational joint ventures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245192.
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Odedra, Mayuri Ramlal. "The transfer of information technology to developing countries : case studies from Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282759.
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This thesis examines information technology transfer to developing countries by considering its application in Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The transfer process can take place through a number of channels which are influenced by national, technological and organisational issues. The relative importance of these issues is determined by considering six organisations which have attempted, with varying degrees of success, to transfer information technology. From the analysis provided by these case studies, a number of recommendations are made to improve the likelihood of successful information technology transfer. At a national level, factors such as the availability of foreign currency and skilled computer personnel will affect the success of any technology transfer. Similarly, technological issues, including supplier policies and telecommunications facilities, also play a part. Organ isational issues, such as management attitudes and planning, can also be seen to influence the success of technology transfer. To investigate these issues, six case studies were undertaken in the three countries. Both government and private organisations were represented to provide various settings in which to examine the process of information technology transfer. Only one organisation was successful and many differing factors affected the unsuccessful ones. Thus no 'single remedy' exists for this problem. The thesis makes a number of recommendations on org anisational, technological and national issues. The main ones being: an improved organisational awareness of the potential for information technology coupled with general educational policies to provide a computer literate work force. At the national level, greater assistance for the acquisition and use of computers, together with proper monitoring of this process is suggested. 2
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Cato, Mary E. "The Limits of Law as Technology for Environmental Policy: A Case Study of the Bronx Community Paper Company." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36754.
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This thesis examines environmental law as a social technology, using approaches from science and technology studies, including methods for studying controversies as well as actornetwork and technology transfer concepts. Legal technologies, including statutes, regulations, and lawsuits, have become significant participants in United States environmental policy. That policy developed during the twentieth century in response to contrasting concerns about nature (development of natural resources vs. protection of native species and wilderness), along with growing concern about urban environmental issues (such as air and water quality, and waste disposal). The environmental movement that began after World War II gained power with provisions incorporated into 1970s environmental legislation allowing citizens to sue polluting industries and corporations. Opposition to environmentalism developed in the 1980s, as wise use and property rights movements seeking to expand development of natural resources, and an environmental justice movement concerned with issues and constituencies not addressed by mainstream environmental organizations. As a result of that opposition, the environmental movement in the United States has strengthened, and broadened both the memberships in varied organizations and the range of issues addressed. A case study of the Bronx Community Paper Company provides an example of the current state of environmental law and policy in the United States, and the limited ability of legal technologies to resolve increasingly complex environmental controversies.Master of Science
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Alobaidly, Sulaiman. "Information system alignment and its impact on technology transfer : the case of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/33883/.
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Information Systems (IS) alignment is one of the most significant areas of concern in terms of priority for both the Information Technology and the Management fields. In this context, many scientific research organisations face the challenge of integrating their IS with organisational strategic objectives. This research aimed to develop a practical model of IS strategic alignment, that can be adopted by scientific research and development (SR&D) organisations in order to improve technology transfer activities. The research involved a single exploratory case study of an SR&D organisation in Kuwait, the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR). Thirtyseven respondents from the research management, IS management, and planning and support groups of KISR, namely, the scientific research senior managers, IS senior managers, and consultants, respectively, were interviewed concerning issues related to the organisational, strategic, and IS domains. Semi-structured interviews have been designed as a data collection method. The study has utilised certain data analysis techniques including template analysis, coding and classification, and interpretive analysis methods. In the analysis of the external and internal contexts, briefly, Kuwait’s IT plan was discussed, along with the challenges, and in detail, the description and analysis of KISR’s strategic plans. Twenty-two factors were identified and have emerged in this study which have effects on IS alignment. The key contributions, including a critical and comprehensive survey of IS strategy literature has led to the identification of factors that may affect IS alignment. A conceptual framework was designed to enable a better insight of the IS alignment challenges. A practical road map was developed in this study to guide and direct SR&D organisations in achieving IS alignment effectively and efficiently. This road map is aimed at bridging the gap between theory and practice for organisations. The proposed practical road map will help KISR and other SR&D organisations to achieve both successful and feasible IS strategic alignment to enable effective technology and knowledge transfer.
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Yankey, George Sipa-Adjah. "The role of the international patent system in the transfer of technology to West Africa : case studies : Ghana and Nigeria." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/39315/.
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The principal aim of this thesis is to undertake a critical examination of the role of the international patent system in the transfer of technology to West Africa, particularly Ghana and Nigeria. It focuses mainly on the patent systans and technology regulatory regimes of the two countries. The study is intended to identify and evaluate the impact of the international patent system on the transfer and development of technology in this area. The first chapter provides a theoretical foundation to some of the more practical issues to be discussed in the subsequent chapters. The Paris Convention and the diplomatic revision exercise thereof, as well as other efforts and policies regarding patents and technology transfer at various levels are discussed in Chapter Two. Chapters Three to Eight consider the two case-studies undertaken in this thesis. Chapter Three begins with the historical development of the patent system in both Ghana and Nigeria, and the remaining chapters continue with a discussion of the present patent and technology regulatory regimes of both countries. Based on facts and figures the two case-studies examine critically the patent law and systems and technology transfer laws of these two countries including other related institutional measures highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. The study argues that if the patent systems of both countries are to play a meaningful role in the transfer and developnent of technology they nust be utilized as a tool of economic policy and also be related to the technology transfer regimes which nust necessarily be integrated into the national technology policy which should, in turn, be made an integral part of the entire national developnent plan. It is concluded that it is only in this way that the patent system can effectively contribute to the transfer of technology and the development of indigenous technological capabilities in the two countries.
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Lavoie, João Ricardo. "A Scoring Model to Assess Organizations' Technology Transfer Capabilities: the Case of a Power Utility in the Northwest USA." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4995.
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This research intends to advance knowledge in the technology management field, most importantly in the study of organizations that develop technologies in-house and wish to enhance their technology transfer performance while maintaining adherence between R&D activities and overall business strategies. The objective was to build a multi-criteria decision-making model capable of producing a technology transfer score, which can be used by practitioners in order to assess and later improve their organizations' technology transfer capabilities -- ultimately aiming to improve technology development as a whole. The model was applied to a major power utility organization in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The introduction brings initial and basic information on the topic, along with the problem statement -- this chapter is aimed at situating the reader on the boundaries of the topic while highlighting its importance within the technology management field of study. The second chapter is the literature review. It brings general and specific information on technology transfer, as well as its complexities, gaps, relationship with other fields and the characteristics of this topic within the energy realm. It also tries to shed a light on how the alignment between R&D and business strategy is perceived by the literature, discussing some of the methods used and its shortcomings. Additionally, the literature review brings an analysis that builds the argument in favor of a continuous technology transfer process, and tries to show how it would be helpful in aligning R&D and business strategy. The third chapter presents the methodological approach -- hierarchical decision modeling (HDM) aided by action research -- which constitutes a methodological novelty piloted and validated throughout the development of the study. The fourth chapter details the model development process step-by-step, and the fifth chapter details the model application process with the analysis of the aforementioned organization. Additionally, results are interpreted and analyzed, and insights for the specific case and for technology managers in general are discussed. Lastly, the contributions of the study towards the advancement of the body of knowledge are discussed, as well as the study limitations and future research opportunities.
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Chan, Leong. "Developing a Strategic Policy Choice Framework for Technological Innovation: Case of Chinese Pharmaceuticals." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1041.
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With the growing trend of globalization and rapid development of high technologies, emerging economies face more challenges in technology development because they are chasing a fast-moving frontier. They need to identify global technology trends and adapt to local needs and capabilities. Strategies for technology development differ among countries at different developmental stages.
In this research, a technology policy choice framework is developed to link prospective high-tech areas, technology development strategies, and various innovative resources. The research approach is to develop a hierarchical decision model (HDM) and apply the analytic hierarchical process (AHP). Experts are invited from diverse sources to provide a balanced perspective representing different stakeholders. This research focuses on the fast developing Chinese biopharmaceutical industry as a case study.
The results of this research have identified thirteen prospective biotech areas that China should invest more resources for development. These technology areas include: recombinant therapeutic proteins, recombinant vaccines, monoclonal antibody technology, cell and tissue engineering, gene therapy, antisense therapy, RNAi, nanobiotechnology, synthetic biology, bioinformatics, pharmacogenetics, gene sequencing, and biotechnology diagnostics. For most of these technology areas, the results have indicated an imitative innovation strategy should be taken as a better strategy under current technological conditions in China. The research has further found that high-tech small-to-medium companies and multinational corporations are major innovation contributors in the Chinese biopharmaceutical sector.
The research outcomes can serve as guidelines in resource allocation and policy making for technology development. Based on the overall research findings, policy-makers can apply more specific policy instruments to support innovation activities. Appropriate policy measures may help the country to construct an innovative ecosystem that can serve as the driving force for future technology development.
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Hébert, Yann. "Simulating input biotechnology adoption using a system dynamics approach." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78376.
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A system dynamics model is developed to study the technology adoption process (TAP) of modern agriculture input technology such as the biotechnologies. The work shows that the system dynamics approach is appropriate to integrate the different components considered in the TAP conceptual framework elaborated in this work. The conceptual framework illustrates the different system components found important in the literature, portfolio decision-making, learning, information gathering, uncertainties and economics perceptions and their involved relationships.The model is first calibrated and validated using the case of soybeans adoption versus corn uses in Quebec from 1987 to 1998. Validation is performed through five tests, namely visual, statistical and sensitivity, modularity and extendibility are performed to show the relevancy of the approach.
The model is then applied to the case of four input biotechnology crops. Again three types of validation tests are carried out. Results show that the model predicted the shape of the curve for all application fields.
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Goldthorpe, Christopher C. "Resource-based industrialization in Peninsular Malaysia : a case study of the rubber products manufacturing industry." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4456.
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This economic history and examination of the rubber products manufacturing industry in Peninsular Malaysia contributes to the subject of resource-based industrialization in the field of development studies. The development of the industry is traced from the 1920s to 2005 when the Second Industrial Master Plan came to an end. The findings are that local interests control 80 per cent of the industry, with foreign direct investment in the remaining 20 per cent, either as subsidiary companies of overseas manufacturers or in joint ventures with Malaysian investors. The industry has a dualistic structure, with foreign-owned and joint venture companies typically being more heavily capitalized and employing a larger workforce than wholly Malaysian-owned companies. Foreign and joint venture enterprises are more likely to export a greater volume of production than local firms. Nevertheless, the industry as a whole has a strong export-orientation and Malaysian-based exporters sell into markets worldwide. A detailed examination of the industrial components production sector by means of a questionnaire indicates that Malaysian producers rely on the Malaysian Rubber Board for the transfer of manufacturing technology. Technology transfer in the foreign and joint venture sector is from parent companies and joint venture associates overseas. The conclusion is that the rubber manufacturing industry is vertically integrated with local production of natural rubber used as raw material to produce a range of goods for sale to domestic and international markets. The 80 per cent Malaysian component indicates a stable domestic industry ably supported by local technology resources.
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Tooch, David. "The Diffusion of Knowledge in Foreign Policy: The Case of Israel’s Technology Transfers as Tools of Diplomacy." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3178.
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Since its inception, Israel has wrestled with attempts by adversaries to keep her politically isolated in the international arena. To garner more friends and expand diplomatic reach, Israeli leaders initiated a strategy of sharing specialized knowledge with other nations. The technologies and knowledge shared were based on the experience gained from Israel’s distinctive security and developmental struggles. The transfer of technology developed into a foreign policy instrument in Israel’s overall international relations. Technical cooperation became part of a broader foreign relations drive that sought to deliver greater diplomatic recognition for Israel. This strategy, which continues to present times, was born mostly out of two major necessities for the young struggling state. The first, to boost Israel’s political stature in international forums. The second, to counterbalance efforts by Israel’s rivals to keep the Jewish State isolated in the Middle East and the rest of the world. In the early years of the initiative, the technology transfers were mostly confined in fields related to agriculture and the military. In more recent years, the rise of Israel’s hi-tech industry has attracted worldwide attention creating new opportunities for Israeli foreign policymakers to widen the scope of technologies to be offered as part of international partnerships. The dissertation examines the interplay of technology/knowledge transfers as a source of soft power for Israel in efforts to advance relationships even with seemingly unlikely partner nations. It explores the usefulness of know-how sharing in the making, growing and maintaining Israel’s relationships with two influential Asian countries. The study considers the multiple factors including the convergence of interests as drivers of Israel’s ties to India and China in both secretive and open relationships. Over the span of five decades, the Jewish State’s international cooperation efforts have grown in scope of expertise in areas like agriculture, defense, anti-terrorist training, and disaster relief. The study explores the weight of Israel’s technology transfers as tools of diplomacy in terms of propping up trade ties, gaining more favorable policies towards Israel in the context of the conflict with Palestinians and boosting bilateral exchanges in the form of official visits and treaties.
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Cele, Mlungisi B. Gabriel, and Johann Mouton. "The utility of university-industry partnerships : a case study of the University of Cape Town (UCT) and SASOL." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4480.
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116 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages i-viii and numbered pages 1-106. Includes bibliography.Scanned using a Hp Scanjet 8250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR).
Thesis (MPhil (Sociology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa few systematic studies have been done on university-industry partnerships. This research investigated the evolution of the University of Cape Town (UCT) and SASOL partnership involving heterogeneous catalysis. As part of this investigation, I analysed the driving force and sought to determine the motivations and benefits that UCT and SASOL have since accrued as a result of their partnership. I also analysed knowledge transmission or technology transfer processes such as the hiring of graduates, intellectual property etc. In light of all of these I sought to draw lessons that could be learnt from UCT-SASOL partnership for future purpose. I followed four themes or sections in order to situate the study. These were, (a) the socio-economic context (global and knowledge economy, innovation, knowledge society etc.), the changing modes of knowledge production ("Mode 2") and the changing ways of interactions among stakeholders industry, university and government (Triple Helix). The key argument here is that the university industry partnership cannot be seen as an independent development, but is interrelated or partly the consequence of changes in the socio-economic, science, technology and higher education fields, (b) The driving force behind the partnership, (c) motivations, benefits, and (d) knowledge or technology transfer/transmission processes. I used the case study research design. I conducted interviews with the UCT Chemical Engineering Department, UCT Centre for Research and Innovation and SASOL officials. I collected several documents related to the study and also visited the laboratories in which UCT-SASOL partnership research activities were happening. Some of the findings of the study include the following. The partnership demonstrates the significant role of an individual academic, who steered transformation in terms of research activities and culture in the Chemical Engineering Department. The legacy of the individual academic's strong personality and commitment to research is evident and continues to stimulate high levels of research interest and teamwork among staff members which is characteristic of this department. A strong link is maintained between the basic disciplinary "Mode 1" teaching and research on the one hand and the multidisciplinary "Mode 2" applied and strategic research and training on the other: This is evident in the strong emphasis on the solid undergraduate disciplinary education as a basis for a high quality multidisciplinary postgraduate education. All staff members are involved in both teaching and research. A strong link is maintained between academic, research and postgraduate activities: The department utilizes surpluses generated through industrial-oriented research to cross-subsidize the academic and postgraduate activities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is weinig sistemiese studies in Suid-Afrika reeds uitgevoer oor universiteit-industrie samewerking. Hierdie studie ondersoek die ontwikkeling van 'n vennootskap tussen die Universiteit van Kaapstad (UK) en SASOL wat heterogene katalise insluit. Ek analiseer in hierdie studie die dryfkrag van die vennootskap, en probeer die motivering en voordele bepaal wat beide die UK en SASOL toegekom het as deel van hulle vennootskap. Ek analiseer ook die oordrag van kennis of oordrag van tegnologiese prosesse, die aanstelling van graduandi, intellektuele eiendom, ens. Ek probeer op grond hiervan lesse van die UK-SASOL vennootskap uitlig vir toekomstige doeleindes. Ek het vier temas of afdelings gebruik om hierdie studie te vestig. Dit is, (a) die sosio-ekonomiese konteks (globale en kennis ekonomie,innovasie, kennis samelewing ens.), die veranderende modus van kennis produksie ("Modus 2") en die veranderende wyses van interaksie tussen belanghebbendes - industrie, universiteit en regering (Triple Helix). Die sleutel argument hier is dat die universiteitindustrie vennootskap nie gesien kan word as 'n onafhanklike ontwikkeling, maar dat dit verband hou met of deel is van die gevolge van die veranderinge in die sosio-ekonomiese, wetenskap, tegnologie en hoer onderwys arenas; (b) die dryfkrag agter die vennootskap; (c) motivering en voordele; en (d) die oordrag van kennis of tegnologie/oordrag van prosesse. Ek gebruik die gevallestudie metodologie in hierdie studie. Ek het onderhoude gevoer met die UK Chemiese Ingenieurswese Departement, die UK Sentrum vir Navorsing en Innovasie, asook die SASOL betrokkenes. Ek het die projekdokumentasie versamel en het ook die laboratoriums besoek waarin die navorsingsaktiwiteite van die UK-SASOL vennootskap plaas vind. Die bevindinge van hierdie sluit dus die volgende in. Die vennootskap demonstreer die belangrike rol van 'n individuele akademikus wat transformasie bewerkstellig het in terme van navorsingsaktiwiteite en die kultuur in die Chemiese Ingenieurswese Departement. Die nalatenskap van die individuele akademikus se sterk persoonlikheid en toewyding tot navorsing is duidelik en stimuleer steeds hoe vlakke van belangstelling in die navorsing en spanwerk in die departement. Dit is ook een van die kenmerke van hierdie departement. Daar is 'n sterk skakel gehandhaaf tussen die basiese dissiplinere "Modus 1" onderrig en navorsing aan die een kant, en die multidissiplinere "Modus 2" toegepaste en strategiese navorsing en onderrig aan die ander kant. Dit is duidelik in die sterk kleim wat gele word op die stewige voorgraadse dissiplinere onderrig as 'n basis vir 'n hoe kwaliteit multidissiplinere nagraadse onderrig. Alle personeel is betrokke by beide onderrig en navorsing. 'n Sterk skakel is behou tussen akademiese, navorsings- en nagraadse aktiwiteite: die departement gebruik die oorskotte van industrieverwante navorsing om akademiese en nagraadse aktiwiteite te kruissubsideer.
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Aribou, Mohamed-Larbi. "Facteurs de réussite du transfert de connaissances dans les fusions et acquisitions : les enseignements de cinq cas dans les secteurs de haute technologie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB009.
Full textAbstract:
Compte tenu du taux d’échec élevé qu’enregistrent bon nombre d’opérations de fusions & acquisitions (F&A), le transfert des connaissances semble être un facteur déterminant dans le processus d’intégration entre les entreprises qui fusionnent. La littérature empirique sur le transfert de connaissances dans les F&A tend à se répartir en deux catégories distinctes : d’une part, les études "macro" (au niveau inter-organisationnel) et d’autre part, les études "micro" (au niveau de l’individu). Or, il est possible de noter qu’au cours des dernières années, une troisième catégorie récente a fait son apparition, qui axe son analyse sur les dimensions "soft" (au niveau collectif). Ce clivage limite la portée et la capacité explicative des études empiriques sur les facteurs de succès et d’échec du transfert de connaissances. Pour combler ce manque d’études, nous proposons une grille d’analyse multi-niveaux tenant compte des "macro" facteurs, "micro" facteurs et "soft" facteurs simultanément. Ce cadre théorique permet d’envisager le transfert de connaissances dans le processus d’intégration post-F&A comme un phénomène complexe et "multi-facette" qui regroupe un certain nombre de tâches successives ou simultanées. S’appuyant sur un positionnement épistémologique aménagé, la méthodologie retenue dans notre thèse combine une analyse de cinq études de cas réalisées dans les secteurs français de la haute technologie (analyse intra-cas) et une démarche comparative (analyse inter-cas). Les résultats de cette recherche apportent une contribution majeure par rapport au management des processus d’intégration, en permettant de mettre à jour les facteurs favorisant la réussite du transfert de connaissancesConsidering the high failure rate recorded by a good number of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), knowledge transfer seems to be a determining factor in the integration process among merging enterprises. The empirical literature on the transfer of knowledge in M&A tends to divide up into two distinct categories: on the one hand, "macro" studies (at inter-organizational level) and on the other hand, "micro" studies (at individual’s level). Yet, a looming third category has been scored recently, which focuses its analysis on "soft" dimensions (at collective level). This scission restricts the scope and explanatory capacities of empirical studies upon the success and failure factors of knowledge transfer. To make up for this gap, we suggest a multi-level analytical grid taking "macro" factors, "micro" factors and "soft" factors simultaneously into account. This theoretical framework allows the transfer of knowledge in the post-M&A integration process to be considered as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon gathering a number of successive and simultaneous tasks. Hinging on an adapted epistemic positioning, the methodology retained for our thesis combines an analysis of five case studies carried out in the French sectors of high technology (intra-case analysis) with a comparative approach (intra-case analysis). The findings of this research bring about a major contribution to the management of integration processes, while enabling the factors favoring knowledge transfer to be updated
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King, Mark Johann. "Case studies of the transfer of road safety knowledge and expertise from western countries to Thailand and Vietnam, using an ecological road safety space model : elephants in traffic and rice cooker helmets." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16191/1/Mark_King_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
International organisations such as the World Health Organisation highlight the road crash problem in less motorised (or developing, or low income) countries like those in Southeast Asia and recommend the adoption of Western road safety measures. However, there are many differences between highly motorised and less motorised countries which raise questions about how successfully Western road safety knowledge and expertise can be transferred.-----
A review of the statistical information on road crashes shows a great deal of uncertainty about both the scale and likely trajectory of road fatalities globally, in less motorised countries and in Asia. It is generally agreed, however, that Asia accounts for around half of all road fatalities, and analysis of the limited available data shows both that Southeast Asia is not an atypical region of Asia in road safety terms, and that Thailand and Vietnam are not atypical of Southeast Asian countries.-----
A literature review of recommended practice approaches to road safety transfer in Asia shows that there are many economic, institutional, social and cultural factors which potentially influence the success of transfer. The review also shows that there is no coherent, comprehensive approach which either conceptualises these factors and their relationship to transfer outcomes, or uses an analysis of these factors to plan or modify transfer. To address this gap, this thesis develops a 'road safety space' model as a tool for conceptualisation and analysis, based on a biological metaphor which views the transfer of road safety measures from one context to another as analogous to the transfer of a species into a new ecological space. The road safety space model explicitly considers economic, institutional, social and cultural factors (from specific to broad) which influence the particular road safety issue which a particular road safety transfer effort seeks to address. A central contention of this thesis is that the road safety space model is both a feasible and useful tool to improve the process of road safety transfer to less motorised countries. Road safety space analysis is seen to have a role in a broader process of selection of road safety measures for transfer, along with knowledge of how the measures are considered to operate.-----
The research reported in this thesis is comprised of three studies. Study 1 reviewed evaluations of road safety transfer to Thailand and Vietnam. Studies 2 and 3 were case studies of road safety transfer to Thailand and Vietnam respectively.-----
Study 1 was an analysis of existing evaluations of road safety transfer to Thailand and Vietnam. The aims were to analyse the evaluations for their consideration of contextual factors, as described in the road safety space model, and to discuss whether the road safety space model assisted in understanding the reasons for success or failure of transfer. However, very few such evaluations exist, and those that were found generally lacked information on whether contextual factors were considered. This indicated the need for a more detailed, in-depth qualitative investigation of particular cases of road safety transfer, in order to investigate the feasibility and utility of the road safety space model.-----
Two case studies (Study 2 and Study 3) were conducted to test whether the road safety space approach was both feasible and useful as a means of improving road safety transfer efforts. Study 2 was a case study of the development and implementation in Thailand of a road safety education program for school children, which involved the transfer of Western research and techniques. The transfer agents (i.e. those who effected the road safety transfer) were Australian consultants working for the Australian Road Research Board (ARRB). The transfer was funded by the World Bank and managed by the Thai Ministry of Education (MOE). Study 3 was a case study of the development and implementation of a motorcycle helmet wearing program in Vietnam, which involved the transfer of Western knowledge, techniques and technology. The transfer agents were staff of Asia Injury (AI), a non-government organisation (NGO), and the program was funded initially by a charitable fund, with the intention of becoming self-funding through operation of a helmet factory.-----
The case studies employed background research into existing information on economic, institutional, social and cultural factors relevant to the road safety issues (road use behaviour of school children in Thailand and motorcycle helmet purchase and wearing in Vietnam), and collected data through interviews with key informants, analysis of secondary sources and observations. This information was used to derive the road safety space for each road safety issue, to identify the road safety space recognised and addressed by the transfer agents (ARRB and AI), and to determine which factors they missed, or were aware of but took no action on. The focus of this analysis was on the processes used in transfer, not on the road safety outcomes of transfer, although these provided information on the processes as well. Available evaluation information was used to draw links between the omissions and the success of the transfer processes. It was noted that information on how the transferred measures operate should come from a road safety space analysis in the originating country, although this raised questions about selection of country and time (when the measure was first introduced, or in its maturity).-----
The feasibility and utility of the road safety space model were discussed. It was clear that the model provided information on the cases which was missed by the transfer agents. The questions examined next were whether this information could have been obtained from an exercise conducted before the transfer had commenced, whether the required effort and cost justified the potential benefits, and whether the information on the road safety space could have been useful for the transfer agents. Comparisons between the road safety spaces for the two cases showed some areas of commonality, e.g. perceptions of police corruption, but also many differences. It was considered likely that some broad factors could be generic, and the possibility was mooted that less motorised countries share issues with police enforcement. This requires further research, however, and at this stage it is better to treat each road safety space as a unique combination of contextual factors influencing the road safety issue of interest.-----
It is concluded that the road safety space model is feasible if used in such a way as to minimise the research involved, and useful, although the degree of utility needs to be further explored in a prospective study. The limitation introduced by restricting informants to those who could speak English are discussed. An approach using road safety space analysis is recommended, emphasising analysis of the country to which the road safety measure is being transferred, supplemented by analysis of the originating country road safety space. Gaps in knowledge are identified for further research and development, in particular the theoretical and practical understanding of road use behaviours and their modification in less motorised countries in Southeast Asia. Elaboration of the model is also recommended, to take into account the influence of the type of measure transferred, the role of the transfer agent, the area of road safety (education, engineering or enforcement), and the time dimension (the time which might be needed for a transfer to show its effects).-----
The findings of this research are likely to be applicable to road safety transfer in other less motorised regions of the world, however prospective testing is needed. They may also be relevant to issues of transfer for areas other than road safety, in particular public health and traffic engineering, where similar economic, institutional, social and cultural issues come together.
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King, Mark Johann. "Case studies of the transfer of road safety knowledge and expertise from western countries to Thailand and Vietnam, using an ecological road safety space model : elephants in traffic and rice cooker helmets." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16191/.
Full textAbstract:
International organisations such as the World Health Organisation highlight the road crash problem in less motorised (or developing, or low income) countries like those in Southeast Asia and recommend the adoption of Western road safety measures. However, there are many differences between highly motorised and less motorised countries which raise questions about how successfully Western road safety knowledge and expertise can be transferred.-----
A review of the statistical information on road crashes shows a great deal of uncertainty about both the scale and likely trajectory of road fatalities globally, in less motorised countries and in Asia. It is generally agreed, however, that Asia accounts for around half of all road fatalities, and analysis of the limited available data shows both that Southeast Asia is not an atypical region of Asia in road safety terms, and that Thailand and Vietnam are not atypical of Southeast Asian countries.-----
A literature review of recommended practice approaches to road safety transfer in Asia shows that there are many economic, institutional, social and cultural factors which potentially influence the success of transfer. The review also shows that there is no coherent, comprehensive approach which either conceptualises these factors and their relationship to transfer outcomes, or uses an analysis of these factors to plan or modify transfer. To address this gap, this thesis develops a 'road safety space' model as a tool for conceptualisation and analysis, based on a biological metaphor which views the transfer of road safety measures from one context to another as analogous to the transfer of a species into a new ecological space. The road safety space model explicitly considers economic, institutional, social and cultural factors (from specific to broad) which influence the particular road safety issue which a particular road safety transfer effort seeks to address. A central contention of this thesis is that the road safety space model is both a feasible and useful tool to improve the process of road safety transfer to less motorised countries. Road safety space analysis is seen to have a role in a broader process of selection of road safety measures for transfer, along with knowledge of how the measures are considered to operate.-----
The research reported in this thesis is comprised of three studies. Study 1 reviewed evaluations of road safety transfer to Thailand and Vietnam. Studies 2 and 3 were case studies of road safety transfer to Thailand and Vietnam respectively.-----
Study 1 was an analysis of existing evaluations of road safety transfer to Thailand and Vietnam. The aims were to analyse the evaluations for their consideration of contextual factors, as described in the road safety space model, and to discuss whether the road safety space model assisted in understanding the reasons for success or failure of transfer. However, very few such evaluations exist, and those that were found generally lacked information on whether contextual factors were considered. This indicated the need for a more detailed, in-depth qualitative investigation of particular cases of road safety transfer, in order to investigate the feasibility and utility of the road safety space model.-----
Two case studies (Study 2 and Study 3) were conducted to test whether the road safety space approach was both feasible and useful as a means of improving road safety transfer efforts. Study 2 was a case study of the development and implementation in Thailand of a road safety education program for school children, which involved the transfer of Western research and techniques. The transfer agents (i.e. those who effected the road safety transfer) were Australian consultants working for the Australian Road Research Board (ARRB). The transfer was funded by the World Bank and managed by the Thai Ministry of Education (MOE). Study 3 was a case study of the development and implementation of a motorcycle helmet wearing program in Vietnam, which involved the transfer of Western knowledge, techniques and technology. The transfer agents were staff of Asia Injury (AI), a non-government organisation (NGO), and the program was funded initially by a charitable fund, with the intention of becoming self-funding through operation of a helmet factory.-----
The case studies employed background research into existing information on economic, institutional, social and cultural factors relevant to the road safety issues (road use behaviour of school children in Thailand and motorcycle helmet purchase and wearing in Vietnam), and collected data through interviews with key informants, analysis of secondary sources and observations. This information was used to derive the road safety space for each road safety issue, to identify the road safety space recognised and addressed by the transfer agents (ARRB and AI), and to determine which factors they missed, or were aware of but took no action on. The focus of this analysis was on the processes used in transfer, not on the road safety outcomes of transfer, although these provided information on the processes as well. Available evaluation information was used to draw links between the omissions and the success of the transfer processes. It was noted that information on how the transferred measures operate should come from a road safety space analysis in the originating country, although this raised questions about selection of country and time (when the measure was first introduced, or in its maturity).-----
The feasibility and utility of the road safety space model were discussed. It was clear that the model provided information on the cases which was missed by the transfer agents. The questions examined next were whether this information could have been obtained from an exercise conducted before the transfer had commenced, whether the required effort and cost justified the potential benefits, and whether the information on the road safety space could have been useful for the transfer agents. Comparisons between the road safety spaces for the two cases showed some areas of commonality, e.g. perceptions of police corruption, but also many differences. It was considered likely that some broad factors could be generic, and the possibility was mooted that less motorised countries share issues with police enforcement. This requires further research, however, and at this stage it is better to treat each road safety space as a unique combination of contextual factors influencing the road safety issue of interest.-----
It is concluded that the road safety space model is feasible if used in such a way as to minimise the research involved, and useful, although the degree of utility needs to be further explored in a prospective study. The limitation introduced by restricting informants to those who could speak English are discussed. An approach using road safety space analysis is recommended, emphasising analysis of the country to which the road safety measure is being transferred, supplemented by analysis of the originating country road safety space. Gaps in knowledge are identified for further research and development, in particular the theoretical and practical understanding of road use behaviours and their modification in less motorised countries in Southeast Asia. Elaboration of the model is also recommended, to take into account the influence of the type of measure transferred, the role of the transfer agent, the area of road safety (education, engineering or enforcement), and the time dimension (the time which might be needed for a transfer to show its effects).-----
The findings of this research are likely to be applicable to road safety transfer in other less motorised regions of the world, however prospective testing is needed. They may also be relevant to issues of transfer for areas other than road safety, in particular public health and traffic engineering, where similar economic, institutional, social and cultural issues come together.
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Leigh, Sally-Anne, and n/a. "Indonesian satellite technology : a case of technology transfer." University of Canberra. Management, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060817.090742.
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Pine, R. J. "Technology transfer in the hotel industry." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317571.
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Alemzadeh, Seyed Mohammad. "Analysing the impact of technology characteristics on university technology transfer mechanisms." Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/40867/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the commercialization decisions of academic scientists. Although there is a great deal of research on environmental, university and individual determinants of the formal technology transfer mechanisms, this thesis addresses a gap in the literature by studying how technology characteristics affect the selection of university technology transfer mechanisms. For this purpose the insights from main theoretical sources were combined: a) the economics of technological change and b) the diffusion of innovations theory and a conceptual framework that considers eight characteristics of technology was developed. The technology characteristics derived from the two theoretical sources are: pervasiveness, tacitness, complexity, system dependence, relative advantage, compatibility, trialability and observability. These characteristics were then related to the choice of four technology transfer mechanisms by academic scientists. The study covers UK university scientists who have been involved in commercialization between 2005 and 2015. In the first stage, qualitative data were collected through 14 semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data analysis confirmed the predictive power of most factors in the conceptual framework and six new variables were also as potential predictors: patentability, inimitability, effectiveness of patents for the technology, capital intensity, independence, and technology dynamism. In the second phase, a questionnaire was developed and the quantitative data from 331 academic inventors were used to verify the result of the qualitative study. The quantitative data analysis suggests that the technologies that lead to the formation of a new company (either through formal or informal spin-offs) are complex and academics perceive higher profitability resulting from the commercialization of the technology. More novel or more system dependent technologies lead to the formation of formal university spin-offs and the technologies that are less novel or less system dependent are more likely to be transferred to a new company via informal spin-offs or to an existing company via licensing or consulting activity. In addition, when technologies are more capital intensive or patents are more effective for protection of them from imitation, they are more likely to be transferred formally via licensing or formal university spin-offs. The data analysis also confirms that higher dynamism associated with a technology leads to the creation of informal spin-offs and less patentability of a technology significantly predicts the engagement of academics in consulting activity. The thesis concludes with implication for theory and practices.
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Breen, R. J. "PWR safety studies : nucleate boiling heat transfer." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236258.
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Mohd, Yusof Zatun Najahah. "The role of university-industry-government relationship in cluster development : the case of MSC Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20387.
Full textAbstract:
Malaysia is a transition economic country that aims to be a developed country by 2020. In realising this mission (Vision 2020), the cluster concept has been an interest and adopted by the central authorities. There are few years ahead to reach the targeted year and it interest of this study to investigate the relevant development on its own engineered cluster of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) that was put forward on the success of Silicon Valley in the US. This thesis focuses on the development of the MSC cluster in the Malaysia context. It examines and measures the state of the cluster, the role played by its core actors (from Triple Helix perspective) and their relationship in the MSC. The role of collaboration has been used to measure the relationship among actors with the key determinants of cluster formation. A mixed data collection method was used to answer the research question and objectives involved. A conceptual model for analysing the MSC cluster is proposed, bringing together insights from the literature on clusters, role of actors, collaborative relationship and the complex systems of innovation approach. This conceptual model uncover the weaknesses of social dimension (social infrastructure) in Porter’s diamond model and the general approach of Triple Helix model in the cluster development. The cluster lifecycle model is used to add the depth to the analysis on the condition of cluster development.
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Robertson, Andrew J. "Extended surface flow and heat transfer studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302219.
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Taplett, Amanda Kingston. "Technology development productivity : case studies in technology transition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39687.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79).
Development of new technology is critical to the growth and success of technology-driven companies. New technology is generated in a number of ways, one of the most important being the company's own internal research and development department. This thesis examines the transfer of technology developed in an internal R&D group into product development groups across multiple business units of the company. An analysis of the company's documented development process activities and metrics will establish the context in which technology is transferred. The company's organizational structure is a central R&D group that supports two market-focused business units, each with their own technology development group. A series of five case studies tracking technology that was developed in the central R&D group and transferred to the business units will illustrate the way technology development activity occurs in the organization. The R&D organization is structured to support research, applied research, and development activities that drive both incremental and radical innovation, and it is managed to support a balance of short term and long term strategic goals.
(cont.) The case studies highlight the fact that project definition should include attention to the goal the project is intended to achieve, the type of innovation used to achieve that goal, recognition of the phase or maturity of technological research in that area, and how those aspects of the project should shape the development process and plans for communication and collaboration.
by Amanda Kingston Taplett.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Elsayad, Ahmed Samir. "Technology transfer and foreign market entry : case of Egypt." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21742.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of technology transfer has been studied from several perspectives ; however, very few of these addressed the association beetween technology transfer and various foreign market modes of entry in developing countries, and especially in Egypt. Moreover, a coherent and systematic framework for understanding the dynamics of the process of technology transfer does not clearly emerge from the literature; neither does the assessment of the implications of national policy and interlinked issues on the content of technology transferred from foreign market modes of entry. Hence, the key objectives of the current thesis are "To develop a dynamic conceptual framework that allows for systematic representation and exploration of the process of technology transfer associated with different modes of foreign entry into a host developing country (Egypt); To empirically explore the dynamic process of technology transfer associated with foreign market modes of entry into Egypt; and To a ssess and critique Egypt's current policy environment impacting on modes of foreign entry into Egypt and their associated technology transfer". This thesis qualitatively explores the technology transfer process occurring in foreign companies operating in Egypt, under various contractual and investment modes of entry. The empirical findings of the multiple case analyses (conducted using in-depth interviews) and the subsequent cross-case synthesis showed that the framework developed in this thesis is valid and applies well to all explored cases. Findings also revealed that the highest level of technology transfer occurred at start-up phases of all modes. This transfer involved all components of technology. In cases of FDI and JVs, technology transfer is sustained through continuous and regular foreign interactions, and increases with the introduction of new 'events' such as new product lines being added. In the licensing modes, a slow down of technology transfer is found after start-up phases. In regards to linkage issues impacting on both foreign entry and technology transfer, the findings confirmed many expectations outlined from the literature, such as the importance of learning, compatibility of partners, contractual perspectives (and others). Some issues emerging from literature were not substantiated by findings of this thesis such as the importance of technological gaps in entry mode decisions. In addition, new issues were identified, such as the overwhelming impacts of Egyptian government measures that hamper many aspects of technology transfer. Such policy measures include exchange rate policy, as well as inconsistencies and inflexibility of policy implementation. This thesis concludes that modes of foreign entry into Egypt and technology transfer are tightly coupled, but are subject to the effects of many issues. A better understanding of the dynamics of the technology transfer process associated with foreign entries, along with an integrated and more flexible policy framework are essential requirements for attracting quality foreign investments, and catalysing associated transfer of technology. Finally, conducting research on a highly contextual topic such as technology transfer associated with modes of foreign entry, in the very challenging research environment of Egypt (due to many factors such as culture, absence of previous empirical efforts and the current turmoil in the economy) has resulted in several methodological and theoretical contributions. These contributions, along with the limitations of the research and directions for future efforts are discussed.
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Kaghan, William Neil. "Court and spark : studies in professional university technology transfer management /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8744.
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Wang, Ruilan. "US-PRC technology transfer through joint venture : a case study of China/Tech." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31092.
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Akgul, Aziz. "Transfer of military technology to developing countries: the Turkish case." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27314.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThere is a switch from direct arms sales to military technology transfer to produce arms in the name of selfsufficiency. The value of domestic arms production at the beginning of the 1980s was about 500 times higher than that at the beginning of the 1950s. By the early 1980s, more than 50 developing countries were producing weapons . The evidence indicates that Turkey has relatively enough arms production potential. However, there is a technological gap which needs to be closed. Turkey should first follow a "path strategy" to create minimum required technological base by using some form of military technology transfer. Then, in the efforts toward indigenous arms production "engineering strategy" may be applied.
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Barz, Michael. "Foreign direct investment and technology transfer : the case of Russia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262696.
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Amri, Ahmad. "Technology transfer through industrial capacity expansion projects : developing countries case." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45971.
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Gullberg, Cecilia, and Pieter Pelser. "Structured knowledge transfer in a high technology industry." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6178.
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Background: Due to the rapid change of conditions knowledge is becoming increasingly more importance today. Knowledge is now considered superior to technology and capital as a source of competitive advantage, however needs to be efficiently transferred and well managed to explore its full potential.
Purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to map the process of structured knowledge transfer. This is done in two phases from host organisation to expatriate and from expatriate to home organisation. Secondary the results will indicate some major influences on the knowledge transfer process.
Research method: A case study of SAAB and Denel Aviatons has been selected for this thesis. Primary information was predominantly obtained through qualitative interviews with some quantitative survey support. The case study has been conducted with people involved in the structured knowledge transfer programme.
Results: The study shows that different types of knowledge is transferred and that knowledge moves through several stages as it gets transformed from raw data to action. It also captures the methods of knowledge transfer as it moves from velocity to viscosity. It has also been discovered that although the second phase within the case study is different than the first, that ideally it should be almost identical.
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Wahlberg, Olof. "A paradigm questioned : a study of how the cultural relativity of modern management knowledge confines." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Business Administration, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68.
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This study is based upon the double proposition that a transfer of modern management knowledge is an important component of the development assistance given to Third World countries and that this knowledge has a cultural basis that
restricts its transferability. The very essence of the cultural basis is thought to consist of culture contingent implicit assumptions about phenomena in the reality. Problems experienced in five cases of transfer of management knowledge are analysed in search for such implicit assumptions questioned. A paradigm comprising fifteen basic assumptions attached to the images of different management relevant phenomena is identified in the analysis carried out. Different corroborating conditions that make experiences from management-inaction corroborate the validity of the basic assumptions are also identified. The recognition of the relationships between basic assumptions and environmental conditions is held to be crucial to the understanding of how and why the cultural basis of modern management knowledge makes its transfer difficult. The identified relationships between basic assumptions and corroborating conditions has implications for two major issues discussed in cross-cultural management research: (i) it supports the convergence hypothesis, and (ii) it can be concluded that the perceived appropriateness of the “modern” delegativeparticipative management style hinges on the “industrialising” of environmental conditions. In addition to the implications for the cross-cultural management discourse, it is found that the perspective developed has implications for the institutionalism approach to management. In particular, it points to the importance of normative messages and collectively shared perceptions as isomorphic forces. It also points to important mechanisms behind institutional variability and change. The relationship between basic assumptions and environmental conditions is central to a strategy for transfer of modern management knowledge that is discussed in the end of the study. The importance of a cognitive transformation is emphasised as a prerequisite for a long-term success of such a transfer.
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Mourshed, Mona. "Technology transfer dynamics : lessons from the Egyptian and Indian pharmaceutical industries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9321.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-142).
Over the past fifty years, development theorists have presented multiple explanations for why industrial technology transfer to developing countries is difficult. Although much progress has been made in identifying broad areas of transfer failure, concrete technology transfer policy lessons for firms and governments remain elusive. This dissertation examines the technology transfer challenges faced by firms in developing countries during intermediate industrialization. Using the Egyptian and Indian pharmaceutical industries as case studies, it undertakes two tasks. First, the study analyzes full-cooperation transfers to understand the obstacles encountered by three types of local and foreign pharmaceutical transfer partners (multinational drug headquarters and subsidiaries, equipment suppliers and buyers, and equipment manufacturing joint ventures). Second, the research examines no-cooperation transfers, and the experiences of local firms that learn pharmaceutical manufacturing skills by copying existing drugs on the world market. This part of the research>articularly focuses on how Egyptian and Indian drug firms are responding to an international patent agreement, TRIPs, that severely restricts the scope of their imitation activities. In the context of both the full-cooperation and no-cooperation cases, this dissertation empirically evaluates four main theories in the debate over why technology transfer to industrial firms in developing countries is difficult: (1) technological knowledge; (2) recipient characteristics; (3) transferor characteristics; and, (4) economic environment. This dissertation finds that the development literature provides incomplete explanations of firm transfer experiences and obstacles, and provides alternative conceptualizations of technology transfer dynamics during industrialization. First, codified technology transfers can be just as problematic as tacit ones, implying that a technology's knowledge characteristics are not directly correlated with transfer ease. Second, rather than transferors teaching recipients how to use technology, partners often work together to solve new problems that occur at the local site. Third, while transfer problems do revolve around technical issues, they are frequently precipitated by social issues, namely communication and rapport difficulties between partners. Fourth, contrary to widespread thinking, government industrial policy can be a positive force in technology transfer. By create a demanding home environment for local firms, the state can force firms to improve their technological capabilities, and to prepare themselves for global market competition.
by Mona Mourshed.
Ph.D.
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Parejo, Milady. "The strategic partnership model for technology transfer : the Venezuelan telecommunications case." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265269.
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This thesis presents a study of technology transfer within the telecommunications company of Venezuela (CANTV) between 1991-1996. The thesis examines, in-depth, a single case - CANTV - at a critical time in its history. The company was state-owned until 1991 when it became a partnership with a US corporation, General Telephone Electronic (GTE) and Telefonica de Espana. The case is discussed against the background of global re-organisation of the telecommunications sector, its institutional transformation and technological change to provide an empirical foundation for a extensive study of technology transfer within the context of international alliances. It extends established theories which, hitherto, have not adequately described the role of partnerships as a conduit for the transfer of technologies. Until the early 1990s the performance of CANTV was far below international best practice. It was determined, at governmental level in Venezuela, to institute a radical transformation and profound changes took place in ownership, technology and, subsequently, performance. The case was analysed using a multi-disciplinary and longitudinal approach, drawing extensively on grounded theory. Data was gathered by participant observation, extensive interviews, study of company and governmental documentation. Frameworks for analysis were drawn from innovation theory, analyses of international technology transfer approaches and business management theory. In addition to an extensive organisational study, focusing on the relationships between partners, two specific technologies selected for examination as they were transferred into CANTV from partners. One technology was 'successfully transferred, the other not - this provided data for a detailed comparative analysis. The research concludes that a 'new' model of technology transfer has emerged within strategic partnerships and international alliances. However, to be successful, a portfolio of managerial capabilities is needed to reap the benefits of potential synergies between partners. Especially important are management skills and processes to define partners' capabilities, position technologies, manage complex transfer processes and support on-going learning.
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Bartzokas, Anthony. "Military technology transfer and domestic defence production : the case of Greece." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386862.
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Harhara, Fahad Saif. "Foreign direct investment and technology transfer : the case of the UAE." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8762.
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Throughout the 1960s and the early 1970s, almost all developing countries pursued an import substitution policy that sought to develop a domestic manufacturing sector. At the same time, these governments carried out nationalisation programmes based on the view that foreign ownership of industry and assets was a drain on their wealth and hindered the economic development of the nation. Some developing countries saw foreign investment as a continuation of their colonial past and wanted to move away from it. As a result, there was a natural dislike and distrust of foreign investment. However, in the last three decades there has been a sea change in government opinions regarding foreign investment, and now many countries are actively encouraging it. In fact, some governments have paid financial incentives reaching as much as US$150,000 per employee to foreign companies to attract them to their country. These financial incentives are paid on the basis that governments believe that inward investment has positive effects on the economy, the most important of which is transfer of technology. Through improved technology a country can significantly enhance its competitiveness in the global marketplace leading to increased economic growth. With economic growth countries can also improve their social indicators such as education, health etc. Therefore, technology transfer from inward investment is viewed as the catalyst to change within a country. Despite the widespread popularity of governments seeking to attract inward investment there is no conclusive evidence that it leads to positive spillover effects in the form of technology transfer. This study seeks to fill this gap in the current body of academic knowledge, using the case of a small resource abundant country with a low population, such as the UAE, using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The primary data was obtained through a detailed questionnaire, and provides an in depth approach to understanding the issue of technology transfer for the UAE; while the secondary data, obtained from UNCTAD and the World Bank, is more macro level in nature. The macro level data indicate that certain factors in the UAE are conducive to technology transfer taking place. The primary data seek to interrogate this for the case study presented in this study. In doing so, the primary and secondary data sets are connected in so far as to provide cross reliability through the identification of commonalities and differences of results. This study aims to provide understanding on whether FDI does indeed lead to a transfer of technology from the overseas firm into the host country economy. Understanding such a link within an academic framework allows this study to arrive at relevant policy recommendations that can be taken up by policy makers in similar contexts. The prior literature has shown that FDI both flows into countries that have proven economic growth and that FDI leads to economic growth, and therefore these factors are interrelated. This study has found that FDI can play an important role in filling domestic gaps in investment and also spur economic growth. This study develops a simultaneous regression to test the existence of a joint relationship between economic growth, which is a proxy for technology transfer, and FDI. In the case of host country factors a linear regression model is developed and tested. At a more micro level this study examined the case of Tawazun Economic Council, a high technology organisation that operates within the aerospace and defence industry cluster, in order to understand whether its investments have led to any real impact as far as technology transfer is concerned. The Tawazun Economic Council is a project with a total investment of US$60 billion, and as such allows this research to capture the impact of technology transfer in an enhanced cluster that has aerospace and defence as its core theme. The aerospace and defence sectors have leading edge technology, and therefore a high probability of technology transfer taking place. Through a survey of senior managers within the organisation responsible for strategy development, this study also found that technology transfer has taken place due to the very sophisticated off-take contracts that have been negotiated with buyers and technology suppliers. However, none of these technologies have been applied outside their narrow aerospace and defence usage. In addition, if capital abundant countries wish to capitalise on the technology transfer benefits from FDI then, future government policies should seek to protect intellectual property rights. The novel contribution of this study is that it has identified factors that are important for technology transfer from FDI to take place in capital abundant countries that have a small population. As such, the research has not only increased the current body of knowledge in this area, but has sought to provide policy recommendations that could help in increasing the level of FDI-based technology transfer in developing countries, with a particular emphasis on capital abundant and low population countries.
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McGowan, Cynthia. "Information Technology Outsourcing and Successful Knowledge Transfer| An Exploratory Case Study." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10837056.
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The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to uncover the perceptions of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) project leaders and project teams regarding knowledge transfer between client and vendor partners during the opening and closing transition phases of the ITO projects. Purposeful sampling was used to identify ITO knowledge assets, including project team members as well as documents and artifacts, within the participating organizations that may provide information regarding the knowledge transfer processes during the transition phases of the ITO project. The sample criteria were ITO project team members from one US-based client organization and the US company’s international vendor partners. The study population included project managers, analyst, developers, subject matter experts (SMEs) and other ITO knowledge workers involved in ITO project from one US-based organization. Interview and document analysis was done with the aid of NVivo Pro 11® research software. Four themes emerged from the study participants' responses including (a) KT approaches to plans and processes relative to opening and closing phases of ITO projects; (b) KT dependencies relative to IT project team members reliance on project tools, processes, and artifacts; (c) Determinants of KT success or failure relative to project team member's perceptions; and (d) The role of documentation relative to communication and distribution of KT outcomes. This qualitative exploratory case study may provide insights into additional aspects of knowledge transfer during ITO transition phases, which may be used by IT leaders and project teams to plan for successful knowledge transfer during the transition phases of ITO projects.
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Wallace, Cissy E. G. "Soviet economic and technical cooperation with developing countries : the Turkish case." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1177/.
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This is a study of Soviet relations with developing countries up to the mid-1980s. The focus of the research is on the Soviet development assistance programme, or 'economic and technical cooperation' as it is called in the Soviet Union. Cooperation has been used to build over 2,000 industrial and agricultural enterprises in over eighty countries. In most developing countries, economic and technical cooperation is the major form which the Soviet presence takes. The Soviet Union's main way of combating what it sees as the negative effects of trade, private investment and aid from the West is economic and technical cooperation. With the central belief that true political independence and the ability to overcome backwardness does not come while economic dependence still exists, the Soviet Union has sought to build up the economies of developing countries through economic and technical cooperation. The stated goals of this programme have been: to create and develop the economic, scientific and technical potential of the emerging nations, to expand equal and mutually beneficial relations on a stable and long-term basis, and to help the young countries to overcome backwardness and develop without any form of dependence, exploitation or interference in their internal affairs regardless of their social and state system. Soviet cooperation, it is claimed, offers a positive alternative to Western assistance because, unlike the West, the Soviet Union's goal is to increase the independence of developing countries. The intention of this study is to 'go inside' Soviet development cooperation and, with particular reference to one case, that of Turkey, to analyse and evaluate its actual performance. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Soviet assistance and why do developing countries choose cooperation with the Soviet Union instead of involvement with the West. Does Soviet development cooperation at the factory level match the claims that are made. What is the quality of Soviet economic and technical cooperation as it is judged within enterprises in which it is used. Is development cooperation extended without demanding in return economic, political or military concessions. Does the Soviet Union meet the needs of individual developing countries in terms of their own specified development goals. Or, as an external supplier of technological and economic resources, does it impose its own goals. Soviet cooperation is also compared to Western involvement. The issues addressed in this study are discussed in depth in the Soviet literature both at the theoretical level and at the policy level. The claims made in this literature are central to this research. A major aim is to test empirically explicit Soviet claims against actual practice. In addition to measuring Soviet behaviour against the standards set-out in the Soviet development literature, actual practice is also measured against: 1.) the demands of the South as expressed in the UN Code of Conduct on the Transfer of Technology, 2.) the development objectives of the case study country, and 3.) 'sound' practice as discussed in the Western technology and development literature.
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Gervais, Paul 1974. "Environmental technology transfer : a case study of Quebec environmental firms in China." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30170.
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As developing countries have grown aware of the effects of pollution and resource depletion, industrialized countries that produce environmental goods and services have secured new markets where to export them. In this manner, increased concerns over environmental degradation have led to the growth of the green technology sector which is currently in full expansion. The purpose of the thesis is, therefore, to uncover the dynamics of such exchanges by exploring the interactions of Quebec environmental firms in the People's Republic of China (PRC).Results indicate that the PRC presents accommodative structures that are compatible with those found in Quebec, but an inappropriate level of protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs). This scenario gives the PRC a certain advantage since most local firms are able to reproduce foreign technologies without being constrained by issues of intellectual property. Combining theoretical and practical approaches, the thesis uncovers that accommodative conditions do not supersede the question of IPRs when attempting to ensure transfers. Even though the current state of these factors affects the nature of the agreements, the environmental aspect of these technologies seems to facilitate the transactions.
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Lagerqvist, Johan, and Yan Cheng. "Documentation within Transfer Pricing : A case study." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9713.
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Purpose: The overall purpose of this thesis is to provide an analysis of the effects of the documentation requirements on transfer pricing and provide a clearer picture of the documentation requirements in transfer pricing. Furthermore, the purpose is to analyze whether the chosen method of Superfos is adequate related to the new regulations.
Background: In 2007, new regulations concerning the documentation of transfer pricing was enacted in Swedish law based on OECD guidelines. This change has led to new internal guidelines for companies regarding their transfer pricing work since the requirements apply to both Swedish owned companies and foreign owned companies. Furthermore, with this change, a great uncertainty about the requirements is shared by companies.
Method: This thesis has been conducted as a qualitative case study with Superfos as the case company. A deductive approach has been used and the collection of data consists of both primary and secondary data. Primary in the form of an interview with the finance manager at Superfos and secondary through the use of the Swedish tax authority's stated guidelines concerning transfer pricing as well as books, journals and databases.
Conclusion: In the conclusion we present a clarifying model of the documentation in transfer pricing based on the data collected for this thesis. In six steps, a clarifying picture of the overview, company structure, transactions identification, functional analysis, comparability analysis and results is provided.
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Blair, D. McG. "Aspects of technology transfer from universities to industry through new company formation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337641.
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Legg, Carol Louise. "Technology transfer : assessing the conditions for collaboration between Chinese and European enterprises." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283675.
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Steedly, Wendell Melvin. "LAN technology transfer using the Naval Postgraduate School as a case study." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA303140.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1995."June 1995." Thesis advisor(s): Norman F. Schneidewind, William B. Short. Bibliography: p. 51. Also available online.
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Gervais, Paul. "Environmental technology transfer, a case study of Quebec environmental firms in China." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64152.pdf.
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