Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Técnicas electroquímicas'
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Ugaz, Lock Alberto, and Tang Isabel Díaz. "Principios de las técnicas electroquímicas en estudios de procesos de corrosión." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100607.
Full textNeves, Xavier José Luis. "Aplicação de técnicas electroquímicas na degradação de poluentes orgânicos aromáticos refratários." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/17172.
Full textNeves Xavier, JL. (2012). Aplicação de técnicas electroquímicas na degradação de poluentes orgânicos aromáticos refratários [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17172
Palancia
Gimeno, Pérez María José. "Evaluación de recubrimientos anticorrosivos mediante técnicas electroquímicas. Correlación con ensayo de niebla salina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404353.
Full textSystematic study of various types of anticorrosive coating systems in which the chemical nature of the binder, the type and amount of pigment and the type of substrate used are varied. Previously, a complete study of the properties of the three types of pigments used (an environmentally sustainable inorganic pigment and two corrosion inhibitors) by electrochemical test and scanning electron microscopy. From the characterization of the systems and in particular from the results of the ACET technique, an evaluation procedure of the system is developed, obtaining the most important and significant characteristic parameters. Finally, a correlation between the durability data of the coatings obtained by the conventional test (Neutral Salt Spray) and the electrochemical parameters obtained with the ACET is established in order to reduce the evaluation time of the anticorrosive properties of the coatings and their costs.
Escrivá, Cerdán Clara. "Caracterización de la Pasividad del Acero Inoxidable uns N08031 en Ácido Fosfórico Contaminado mediante Técnicas Electroquímicas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/27647.
Full textEscrivá Cerdán, C. (2013). Caracterización de la Pasividad del Acero Inoxidable uns N08031 en Ácido Fosfórico Contaminado mediante Técnicas Electroquímicas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/27647
TESIS
Alcañiz, Fillol Miguel. "Diseño de un sistema de lengua electrónica basado en técnicas electroquímicas voltamétricas y su aplicación en el ámbito agroalimentario." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/11303.
Full textAlcañiz Fillol, M. (2011). Diseño de un sistema de lengua electrónica basado en técnicas electroquímicas voltamétricas y su aplicación en el ámbito agroalimentario [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/11303
Palancia
Fernández, Domene Ramón Manuel. "Estudio de la corrosión termogalvánica y comportamiento pasivo del Alloy 31 en máquinas de absorción de LiBr mediante técnicas electroquímicas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/39352.
Full textFernández Domene, RM. (2014). Estudio de la corrosión termogalvánica y comportamiento pasivo del Alloy 31 en máquinas de absorción de LiBr mediante técnicas electroquímicas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/39352
TESIS
Premiado
Coutinho, Isabel Cristina Ribau Fernandes. "A peroxidase do citocromo c de Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus 617: aplicação de técnicas espectroscópicas e electroquímicas ao estudo do mecanismo de activação e catálise." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/13135.
Full textValero, Valero David. "Tratamiento de las aguas residuales de la industria de la almendra mediante técnicas electroquímicas. Estudio de la alimentación de los sistemas mediante energía solar fotovoltaica." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/44874.
Full textCarrillo, Abad Jorge. "Estudio de la recuperación del zinc presente en los baños agotados de decapado procedentes de las industrias de galvanizado de zinc en caliente mediante técnicas electroquímicas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/39370.
Full textCarrillo Abad, J. (2014). Estudio de la recuperación del zinc presente en los baños agotados de decapado procedentes de las industrias de galvanizado de zinc en caliente mediante técnicas electroquímicas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/39370
TESIS
Rodríguez, Blasco Maria Teresa. "Formulación y evaluación de imprimaciones epoxis anticorrosivas, curables a temperatura ambiente." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10555.
Full textEl procedimiento de formulación desarrollado se basa, principalmente, en la utilización de técnicas electroquímicas, mecánicas y calorimétricas que permitan seleccionar de forma progresiva los componentes más adecuados, así como sus proporciones óptimas según el fin perseguido.
El estudio se inició con la selección de la matriz orgánica, a continuación se determinó el pigmento y la cantidad de plastificante, para finalmente definir las proporciones de endurecedor y catalizador. Todas estas etapas han sido contrastadas por distintas técnicas, obteniéndose resultados concordantes y acordes con el objetivo propuesto.
Una nueva técnica electroquímica, AC/DC/AC, ha sido desarrollada en la presente tesis con resultados coherentes con la técnica de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y los ensayos tradicionales, pero con la enorme ventaja de su corta duración (menos de 24 horas).
Finalmente, todo el trabajo realizado ha permitido formular una imprimación que posee como características más relevantes su curado a temperatura ambiente, una elevada resistencia a corrosión y unos costes moderados, y está basada fundamentalmente en:
- Diglicil éter de bisfenol A (DGEBA).
- Endurecedor tipo poliamina alifática.
- Catalizador tipo amino fenol.
- Pigmentación anticorrosiva no tóxica.
- Butil-bencil ftalato como plastificante.
- Disolventes: metoxipropanol y metiletilcetona.
Escudero, González Juan. "Metodología de aplicaciones de técnicas computacionales y experimentales para la optimización de la hidrodinámica de reactores electroquímicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/39347.
Full textEscudero González, J. (2014). Metodología de aplicaciones de técnicas computacionales y experimentales para la optimización de la hidrodinámica de reactores electroquímicos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/39347
TESIS
Molina, Castellanos Javier. "Evaluacion electroquímica de recubrimientos orgánicos en polvo sobre acero con distintos pre-tratamientos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668970.
Full textSosa, Gómez Velia Ruth. "Aplicación de técnicas voltamperométricas con electrodos serigrafiados a la especiación de metales pesados en muestras naturales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/297427.
Full textThe main goal of this Thesis is to study the analytical possibilities of screen printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with bismuth or antimony as new alternative materials to mercury for the determination and speciation of heavy metals by voltammetric techniques. The screen printing technology permits the fabrication of low cost, small size and disposal devices, as an alternative to classic electrodes that can be suitable for portable instrumentation. The SPEs can be modified with metals as bismuth or antimony by electrodeposition methods via ex-situ or in-situ, also can be modified using a metallic precursor or by sputtering the metal on a ceramic substrate. First of all, SPE modified with bismuth were studied. The devices considered (ex-situ BiSPCE, in-situ BiSPCE, BiOxSPCE and BispSPE) were characterized microscopically and analytically compared between them and with the HMDE, and applied for the determination of heavy metals in natural samples. The BiSPEs proved to be an option to mercury electrodes for the analysis of these metals. Between them the electrode obtained by the sputtering techniques has demonstrated to be a good alternative to HMDE, and also to classic BiFEs. The provided LOD and LOQ for Pb(II) and Cd(II) analysis were in all cases at the level of μg L-1. Furthermore ex-situ BiSPCEs have been used for the first time for the analysis of the complexation of Cd(II) by thiol containing compounds as glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC2). The data were treated by multivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), demonstrating that the results are in good agreement with those previously obtained with mercury electrodes. Finally, the possibilities of SPCEs modified with Sb(III) via in-situ for the determination of Cd(II), Pb(II) y Cu(II) in natural samples were studied. The SbSPEs were microscopically characterized and experimental parameters for the determination of heavy metals by anodic stripping voltammetry were optimized. The in-situ SbSPCE demonstrated to be a good alternative to in-situ bismuth film electrodes for the determination of these metals ions in particular for copper, since no competition between copper and antimony for surface sites was noticed.
Hidalgo, Leon Ruben Lizandro. "Simulación de emulador de descarga para baterías de litio-ion basado en circuitos equivalentes eléctricos obtenidos con las técnicas de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y extracción de parámetros en el dominio del tiempo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146593.
Full textEl presente documento muestra los resultados de las simulaciones de un emulador de descarga para baterías Litio-ion. La batería real (celda) estudiada es de 3,7V-4A.h. El emulador está conformado principalmente por: un modelo de batería en su configuración en línea y un conversor de voltaje boost tipo multifases. Existen diversidad de modelos de batería pero en el presente trabajo se utiliza el Thevenin-Shepherd el cual consta de un circuito eléctrico basado en Thevenin en conjunto con la ecuación modificada de voltaje de circuito abierto de Shepherd. Este tipo de modelo es adecuado para la representación de baterías reales de Litio-ion. Además, este modelo representa de mejor manera 4 importantes comportamientos de la batería real: la variación del voltaje de circuito abierto, la caída de voltaje a través de la resistencia interna, pérdidas por transferencia de carga y el efecto de capacitancia de doble capa. Estos comportamientos son representados por un circuito equivalente eléctrico (CEE) conformado por dos redes RC en serie con un resistencia. Las técnicas "Espectroscopia de la Impedancia Electroquímica (EIS siglas en ingles)" y "Extracción de Parámetros en el Dominio de Tiempo (EPDT)" son utilizadas para obtener el CEE de la batería real. La obtención adecuada de la resistencia interna de la batería real nos permite tener un modelo de batería con gran precisión. Además, el modelo permite establecer el nivel de SOC para los experimentos. Los valores de resistencias internas así como de los elementos de los CEE obtenidos son mantenidos constantes durante las simulaciones. Cabe indicar que, las pruebas experimentales fueron realizadas a temperatura constante, además las pérdidas de voltaje ocasionadas por fenómenos de difusión y en alta frecuencia no son analizadas en el presente trabajo. El software PLECS es utilizado para la realización de las simulaciones. El emulador con cada uno de estos CEE es evaluado comparando los resultados de sus simulaciones con varios perfiles de voltaje de descarga real. Estos perfiles son obtenidos de la aplicación de pulsos de corriente de descarga a una batería real en el respectivo banco de prueba. Cabe indicar que, para la reducción del nivel de rizado del voltaje de salida del emulador se utiliza el conversor de voltaje boost tipo multifases(3 fases). El control del conversor es realizado por controladores PI en conexión en cascada. Además, las ecuaciones del modelo y las funciones de transferencia de los controladores PI son llevados a un modelo discreto. La comparación entre las respuestas de voltaje simuladas y reales muestran que el emulador con un CEE obtenido mediante la técnica EIS tiene una mejor aproximación a los perfiles de voltaje de la batería real incluso cuando hay altas corrientes de descarga. Es importante destacar que, el banco de almacenamiento del vehículo eléctrico "Eolian" de la Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica de la Universidad de Chile está conformado por este tipo de batería.
García, Espallargas Santiago Juan. "Formulación de imprimaciones epoxi en polvo de curado a bajas temperaturas basadas en triflatos de lantánido. Desarrollo de una técnica electroquímica para la evaluación acelerada de la protección anticorrosiva de recubrimientos orgánicos:." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/1899.
Full textGarcía Espallargas, SJ. (2006). Formulación de imprimaciones epoxi en polvo de curado a bajas temperaturas basadas en triflatos de lantánido. Desarrollo de una técnica electroquímica para la evaluación acelerada de la protección anticorrosiva de recubrimientos orgánicos:.. [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1899
Palancia
Torres, Villa Robinsón Alberto. "Instrumental techniques for improving the measurements based on Quartz Crystal Microbalances (Técnicas instrumentales para mejorar las mediciones con microbalanzas de cuarzo)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/17323.
Full textTorres Villa, RA. (2007). Instrumental techniques for improving the measurements based on Quartz Crystal Microbalances (Técnicas instrumentales para mejorar las mediciones con microbalanzas de cuarzo) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17323
Palancia
Esteves, M. de Fátima. "Corantes sulfurosos : análise e tingimento por técnicas electroquímicas." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/358.
Full textSulphur dyes are one of the most common products used in Textile Industry and, at the same time, a major source of problems. They still are very popular on cellulosic fibres dyeing, mainly to obtain dark colours, although all the difficulties that remain on the application processes. Traditional sulphur dyes must be used with large quantities of chemical reducer, like sodium sulphide. This fact leads to effluents with a high chemical reducer contents. In this work, having as main study object the sulphur dye C.I.Leuco Sulphur Black 1, Preto Sulfuroso Diresul RDT Líquido, electrochemical techniques application is proposed, either to sulphur dyes dyeing process, by replacing chemical reduction of the dye by indirect electrochemical reduction, or to their quantification, by a procedure based on a potentiometric method. This work presentation starts with some of the main characteristics of sulphur dyes which, according their nature and application process to cellulosic fibres, can be classified in three types: sulphur dyes, leuco sulphur dyes and solubilised sulphur dyes. Application methods of this kind of dyes to cellulosic fibres, exhaustion and impregnation dyeing processes, are also referred. Following, some general notions of electrochemistry are mentioned and developed, as well those of cyclic voltammetry technique, used on the redox systems study, which were considered as possible mediators on the indirect electrochemical reduction of the sulphur dye. This part of the work ends with a reference to sulphur dyes quantification methods and a mention to those currently known and applied, namely, some spectrophotometric and a potentiometric one. Nevertheless, spectrophotometric methods are not the most suitable ones to low water solubility substances, like sulphur dyes. The Experimental Part begins with the presentation of the study, by cyclic voltammetry, of several reversible redox systems: 1,4-benzoquinone, quinidrone, 2ethylanthraquinone and Cu-TEA, Fem-EDTA e Few-TEA complexes. A glassy carbon working electrode was used in this initial study, which aim was to select the most adequate mediator system to the indirect electrochemical reduction of. sulphur dyes. According experimental results, only in the case of the Fe'-EDTA e Few-TEA complexes voltammograms presented a reversible behaviour. The strong complexing character of EDTA was a determinant factor in the previous selection of Fem-EDTA complex. A reversible electron transfer can be noticed, at pH=3,13, at a potential value near -250 mV (SCE). However, excessively high potential to a sulphur dye reduction and lost of reversibility in basic conditions, prevented the choice of this complex as mediator in indirect electrochemical reduction of sulphur dyes. In which concerns Fe-TEA system (in basic conditions), a reversible electron transfer was identified, near by -1100 mV (SCE), respecting the Fe' - Fe' reduction in the complex, followed by the reverse reaction. Taking into account all the experimental results, Fe-TEA complex was selected to be the mediator system in the process, in which, after the cathodic reduction of Fe' to Fe' , Fe' oxidation and simultaneous dye reduction must be noticed. Chosen the reversible redox couple, another study was considered, in order to determinate the most suitable composition, as well the reversibility of the system. Among the several considered compositions, with different Fe', TEA and NaOH concentration, Fe2(SO4)3.xH2O 5,00 gL', TEA 4,00 gL-', NaOH 8,00 g;', composition used in the mediator system selection, was the only case in which reversible electron transfer voltammograms were achieved. Cyclic voltammograms and complex constant formation, 0, calculated for each composition, were the settled criteria to the selection of mediator system composition. For high concentration of Fe2(SO4)3, xH2O, a decrease in Fe' concentration in the complex was observed, caused by precipitate formation. On the other hand, for higher TEA concentration, regarding Fe2(SO4)3.xH2O, smaller quantity of precipitate and larger 13 value were noticed. In this case, however, voltammograms didn't testify a reversible electron transfer. Considering that the referred composition was responsible for the best voltammograms, it was considered adequate for indirect electrochemical reduction of sulphur dyes. Composition system study was achieved with a glassy carbon electrode. Nevertheless, some difficulties appeared in the pursuing work, apparently related with electrode material. After some attempts to solve this problem, concerning chemical, electrochemical and mechanical cleaning of electrode surface, a decision was taken in order to replace working electrode. Several materials were tested, namely, commercial steel, iron, commercial electrolytic UP copper and electrolytic copper. According experimental results, copper was considered the most suitable material to replace glassy carbon electrode. In order to confirm this option, cyclic voltammograms obtained in copper and hanging mercury drop electrodes were compared, considering that last electrode is often used in the study of cathodic process. The curves were quite similar, which made possible the use of a copper electrode in the subsequent study of reversibility mediator system. Reversibility of Fe-TEA system was compared with a common standard redox couple, K3[Fe(CN)6]. For each system, dependence of the potential, difference between cathodic and anodic peak, AE, on scan rate v, of cathodic peak intensity, ip, on ,Fv and ipcI lpa on v, were considered. For both systems, some differences were remarked in which concerns reversible behaviour, which could be caused by experimental factors. However, taking into account all the voltammograms obtained with Fe-TEA system, this redox couple was considered reversible enough to continue the study, in order to use it as a mediator in indirect electrochemical reduction of sulphur dyes. In which concerns sulphur dyes quantification, two propositions are presented. The first one is a cyclic voltammetric analysis, based on dependence of cathodic peak intensity on 'dye concentration, in a mediator system solution. The second proposition concerns a potentiometric titration with sodium sulphide, after dye oxidation with potassium ferricyanide, and is based on the quantitative analysis method of sulphide ions. Voltammetric analysis, applied to aqueous solutions and dyebaths of C.I.Leuco Sulphur Black 1, Preto Sulfuroso Diresul RDT Líquido, is not a statistically valid method for this dye. Potentiometric method, applied to aqueous solutions, dyebaths and mediator system and dye solutions, is statistically valid for C.I.Leuco Sulphur Black 1 and C.I. Sulphur Black 1 studied dyes. However, the presence of auxiliary products in dyebaths can interfere in potenciometric analysis, increasing oxidant volume, when compared with aqueous dye solutions. A calibration curve, for each considered dye, is required. The final part of the work is concerning cotton dyeing with indirect electrochemical reduction of sulphur dye. A open divided electrolytic cell and a copper cathode were used. The selected Fe-TEA complex, in the already established composition, was used as a mediator. At the same time, the potentiometric quantification method was applied to dyebaths. Secondary reactions were detected, during mediator solution electrolysis, without dye, and dyeing process. In the first case, cathode oxidation was noticed and, in the second case, deposit formation on the surface of the same electrode. Colorimetric analysis of samples submitted to electrochemical dyeing process allowed to conclude that results, when compared with those obtained in chemical reduction dyeing process, represent AE* values which, at least in one case (liquor ratio 1:120), are smaller than unity. Nevertheless, important parameters like stirring, liquor ratio, temperature and dye concentration can influence final result and must be the aim of following studies.
Embaixada de França em Portugal; Programa PRODEP.
Coelho, João Carlos Gonçalves Gomes. "Estudo da eficiência de técnicas electroquímicas na remoção de cloretos em amostras de uma bala de canhão proveniente de um naufrágio do séc. XVIII." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7850.
Full textDesde finais do séc. XIX são várias as teorias propostas para explicar a corrosão de artefactos arqueológicos em metal, assim como têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos tratamentos e metodologias para a conservação destes artefactos. No âmbito da conservação de artefactos em ferro provenientes de contextos arqueológicos subaquáticos, nomeadamente marítimos, a remoção dos iões cloreto constitui a principal intervenção, no intuito de cessar o processo de corrosão do ferro e permitir a sua estabilização. Com este estudo pretendeu-se aplicar alguns procedimentos de conservação reportados na literatura de modo a avaliar a sua eficiência ao nível da remoção de cloretos. Os métodos de remoção de cloretos utilizados neste trabalho foram: imersão em soluções alcalinas, redução electrolítica, redução galvânica e método do sulfito alcalino. Para este fim foi recuperada uma bala de canhão em ferro fundido, de meados do século XVIII, pertencente ao contexto arqueológico de um navio almirante francês de nome Ócéan, que naufragou junto à costa sul de Portugal, em 1759. A partir desta bala foram seccionadas várias amostras que foram utilizadas como eléctrodos de trabalho, e que permitiram o estudo dos métodos acima enunciados. Antes da aplicação dos diferentes métodos, as amostras foram caracterizadas por voltametria cíclica, microscopia electrónica de varrimento com microanálise por raios-X e difracção de raios-X. A análise e quantificação dos cloretos extraídos em cada técnica foi efectuada por cromatografia de permuta iónica (IEC), o que permitiu efectuar uma análise global comparativa relativamente à sua eficiência para a remoção de cloretos, tendo-se concluído que, nas condições experimentais utilizadas, o método mais eficiente foi a redução electrolítica.
Since the late nineteenth century, several theories have been proposed to explain the corrosion of archaeological metallic artifacts. Different treatments and methodologies for the conservation of those artifacts have been developed. Considering the conservation of iron artifacts from underwater archaeological sites, namely, sea sites, the removal of chloride has been one of the main interventions, aiming to stop the corrosion process in order to stabilize the artifact. This study has been addressed to the application of some procedures reported in the literature for the conservation of archaeological artifacts aiming to evaluate its efficiency in the removal of chlorides. The methods of chloride removal tested in this study were immersion in alkaline solutions, electrolytic reduction, galvanic reduction and the alkaline sulfite method. Several samples were prepared from a cast iron cannonball, dated from the middle of the XVIII century, belonging to the archaeological remains of a French flagship, Océan, which sank near the southern Portuguese coast, in 1759. The samples were used in this work as working electrodes and have allowed testing the efficiency of the electrochemical methods listed above. Before the application of the different methods, samples from the original object were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy coupled to X-ray microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. The quantification of chlorides extracted by each technique was performed by ion exchange chromatography. Data has allowed comparing the efficiency of the various methods for the removal of chlorides. It was concluded that, under the established experimental conditions, the more efficient method was the electrolytic reduction.
Marmisollé, Waldemar A. "Estudio de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de macromoléculas sintéticas electroactivas." Tesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/2672.
Full textSampaio, Rui Silva. "Redução do oxigénio molecular através de eléctrodos modificados por moléculas bio-inspiradas." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/26503.
Full textA reacção de redução do oxigénio (RRO) apresenta uma cinética lenta, o que afecta todos os dispositivos electroquímicos que usam o oxigénio como agente oxidante. Como tal, existe a necessidade de explorar alternativas aos materiais utilizados actualmente como electrocatalisadores para a redução do oxigénio molecular, o que poderá permitir, por um lado, a melhoria da actividade electrocatalítica para este processo, e, por outro lado, a criação de materiais economicamente mais apelativos de forma a fomentar o desenvolvimento industrial e o comércio destes dispositivos electroquímicos. O objectivo do presente trabalho consiste em desenvolver material catódico para a redução do oxigénio molecular através de moléculas bio-inspiradas (metaloporfirinas e vitamina B12 sintéticas), as quais apresentam um grande potencial catalítico, conforme é reconhecido pela comunidade científica. No que toca à execução, utilizaram-se técnicas electroquímicas para realizar o crescimento controlado dos filmes e para os caracterizar posteriormente. Através de diversos ensaios de voltametria cíclica foi possível perceber o comportamento electroquímico das moléculas em estudo e a actividade catalítica para a redução do oxigénio dos eléctrodos. A modificação dos eléctrodos foi realizada através de dois métodos. Primeiro, tentou-se imobilizar o material catalítico directamente na superfície dos eléctrodos. Depois, utilizou-se uma matriz de suporte polimérica de forma a ocluir as porfirinas na superfície da mesma. Para o segundo método foram utilizadas as técnicas electroquímicas de voltametria cíclica, cronoamperometria e cronoamperometria de duplo impulso, e estudados os parâmetros mais importantes de cada técnica, de forma a optimizar a actividade catalítica para a RRO dos filmes. A caracterização dos eléctrodos modificados para a actividade catalítica da RRO foi realizada através de voltametria cíclica. A técnica de XPS foi utilizada de forma a identificar quantitativamente a presença das porfirinas na superfície dos polímeros. Por fim, os crescimentos potenciostáticos dos filmes poliméricos na presença das porfirinas foram acompanhados por elipsometria in-situ com o objectivo de determinar os parâmetros ópticos e as espessuras dos polímeros.
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a sluggish reaction over any metal substrate, limiting the kinetics of the electrochemical devices using the molecular oxygen as oxidising agent. The pursuit of new reliable substitutes of the conventional catalysts will lead to the preparation of materials with increased electrocatalytic activity and economically interesting in order to push forward the market of such electrochemical devices. The purpose of this work is to develop a high performance cathodic catalyst for the ORR based on bio-inspired molecules (synthetic metalloporphyrins and Vitamin B12), which display a high intrinsic catalytic potential, as widely recognized by the scientific community. To achieve this goal, porphyrin moieties were electrochemically immobilized on electrode surfaces. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to understand the electrochemical behaviour of the metal complexes in solutions over different substrates as well as that of the matrices assembled on the electrode surfaces. The electrodes were modified using two different approaches: a) by continuous potential cycling of the substrate in solutions containing the coordination compound and b) by incorporation of the catalyst into a conducting polymer matrix during its synthesis. For the second method were used the electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and double impulse chronoamperometry, and studied the more important parameters of each technique in order to optimize the catalytic activity of the films for ORR. The caracterization of the modified electrodes for the RRO’s catalytic activity was made using cyclic voltammetry. The XPS technique was used to identify quantitatively the presence of porphyrins on the polymers surface. Finally, were performed in-situ ellipsometry tests to the potentiostatic growths in the presence of porphyrins with the purpose of determining the optical parameters and the polymer thickness.
Lourenço, Cristina Manuel Martinho de Ascensão. "Recuperação de metais em solução por redução catódica." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/3935.
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