Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tectonique des plaques – Afrique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Tectonique des plaques – Afrique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Nocquet, Jean-Mathieu. "Mesure de la déformation crustale en Europe occidentale par géodésie spatiale." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5738.
Full textCurrent deformation in western Europe and the western Mediterranean is usually assumed to be a consequence of the convergence between the African and Eurasia plates. However, the diversity of strain patterns observed within the plate boundary zone, the existence of rigid microplates and of active intraplate structures significantly complicate this apparently simple kinematic pattern. The accuracy of space geodetic techniques has reached a level where horizontal velocities of the order of a few millimeters per year within hundreds to thousands kilometers can now be detected. In order to achieve such an accuracy, combination methods were used and adapted, enabling to derive simultaneously a unique consistent solution from 3 permanent GPS networks (European (EUREF), national (RGP) and REGAL (western Alps) GPS permanent networks). The resulting velocity field describes horizontal crustal motion at 64 sites in western Europe with an accuracy better than 1 mm/yr. A statistical analysis shows that Central Europe behaves rigidly at a 0. 4 mm/yr level and can therefore be used to define a stable Europe reference frame. In that reference frame, no significant motion is found at sites located west of the Rhine Graben on the Iberian peninsula, on the Corsica-Sardinia block. Residual velocities for sites that possibly belong to the African plate suggest that the Africa/Eurasia plate motion may actually be significantly different from the NUVEL1A prediction. The geodetic data confirm the counter-clockwise rotation of the Adriatic microplate that appears to control the strain pattern along its boundaries in the Friuli area, the Alps, and the Apennines and the Dinarides. In the western Alps, the current strain pattern combines E-W extension and right-lateral shear. Numerical simulations indicate that in the context of low shortening, body forces contribution due to western Alps topography are strong enough to generate extension in the inner part of the range
Ricour, Sophie. "Tectonique active à la jonction des plaques Afrique, Arabie et Anatolie-Eurasie (sud de la Turquie) : Caractérisation des failles et analyse de la déformation par un réseau GPS dense." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR1GE08.
Full textOf a geodynamic point of view, Turkey is situated at the intersection between three main tectonic plates, the African, Arabian and Eurasian plates and constitutes a tectonic key zone along the Alpine – Himalayan orogenic belt, which extends from Spain to China. Turkey is thus an excellent natural laboratory to study the convergence linked to the collision between these plates and the consequent structures that include fold and thrust belts, active faults and associated basin formations. Three main active faults meet in Turkish Hatay province, the left-lateral East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), the left-lateral Dead Sea Fault Zone (DSFZ) and the Cyprus Arc, respectively regarded as the Arabia – Anatolia, Arabia – Africa and Africa – Eurasia plate boundaries. Although many studies propose, of a cinematic point of view, that the limit between the Anatolian, Arabian and African plates forms a triple junction in south-eastern Turkey, the fault nature and geometry at this junction remain source of debate, in particular on the establishment of a coherent regional deformation model. Many questions remain unclear, for example: what are the velocities along the three main strike-slip fault systems? What is the role of each structure in the regional deformation? What is the relation between seismic ruptures and elastic accumulation?. . . In order to answer to this problematic, it is necessary to have a multidisciplinary approach of the deformation analysis, as well as in the short term as in the long term. Consequently, two approaches were used, one of GPS and another of identification and characterisation of active faults. Firstly, the GPS-derived velocity field includes data from six campaigns from 1991 to 2004 of a 23 station network located on both sides of active faults. This velocity field, given in different significant tectonic frames, allowed us to precisely constrain the short-term active deformation of the different blocks involved in the triple junction and to determine the instantaneous fault-slip rates. Secondly, we identified and characterised the active faults, by an analysis of the long-term deformation using the geomorphologic field recognition at different scales and a detailed analysis of space images and aerial photos, the displacement measures due to the tectonic processes and geophysical prospecting. The combined result analysis allowed us to elaborate a cinematic block model of the regional deformation. The tectonic complexity at the triple junction is based on the existence of tectonic blocs, whose limits are formed by the main active faults (i. E. The EAFZ, the DSFZ, the left-lateral Karataş – Osmaniye Fault Zone KOFZ and the left-lateral Karasu Fault KF). The use of a dislocation model in an elastic half-space, applied to the horizontal GPS velocities, gave a rate of 9. 7 ± 0. 9 mm/yr for the EAFZ, 5. 5 ± 1. 5 mm/yr for the KOFZ and 2. 5 ± 1. 0 mm/yr for the KF, velocities in agreement with long-term velocities provided by geologic and geomorphologic studies. Our work highlighted thus the major role of the Anatolian block at the junction and the direct connection of the EAFZ branches (KOFZ and KF) with the Cyprus Arc. This deformation model implies that the Karasu Valley is linked to the left-lateral strike-slip motion of the EAFZ and left-lateral and normal motions of the KF, with an extensive component of 1. 0 ± 0. 5 mm/yr estimated by GPS. Consequently, this valley constitutes a large pull-apart basin formed by the western motion of the Anatolian block and whose geometry indicates a local extensive tectonic regime during the Quaternary, which is attested by the associate volcanic episodes. In this context, the south-western continuation of the Anatolia – Arabia boundary at the junction plays as a left-lateral transpressive system, in which the large sinistral step between the EAFZ and the Cyprus Arc constitutes the Karasu Valley pull-apart basin and the associated transtensive deformation
Rebaï, Samira. "Sismotectonique et champ de contrainte dans les chaînes alpines et dans les plates-formes de l'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord, et du Moyen-Orient." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20180.
Full textDeprez, Aline. "Apport de la géodésie à l'étude de la jonction triple de l'Afar." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH015/document.
Full textEastern Africa is a natural laboratory for investigating rifting and break-up. Along the East African Rift, the divergence between Nubia and Somalia plates is accommodated within a mainly tectonic framework dominated by active normal faulting. While Arabia plate moves apart from the African plate couple at the Red Sea and Aden Ridges within a mainly magmatic framework with seafloor spreading. These three plate boundaries meet in Afar Depression forming a triple junction, which correspond to a transition zone between stretched continental lithosphere and oceanic spreading axes, where the role of the mantle plume impacts is determinant. In this thesis, current deformation of the Earth's surface is monitored using geodetics data (GPS, InSAR), in the East African zone where three plates are splitting apart and where the different boundaries encompass areas in all stages of rifting. The current deformation analysis allows clarify extension zone dynamics at short term, taking into account their stage of rifting evolution and especially the variations of magmatic and/or seismic activity. Three studies were carried out at three different spatial scales. The first one considers the whole East African Rift (3000 km), the second one is about the central part of the Afar Depression where the triple junction is situated (a few hundreds of km) and the third focuses on the Asal-Ghoubbet rift in Djibouti (a few tens of km)
Mvondo, Owono François. "Surrection cénozoïque de l'Ouest de l'Afrique à partir de deux exemples : Le plateau sud-namibien et la marge nord-camerounaise." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583094.
Full textYe, Jing. "Evolution topographique, tectonique et sédimentaire syn- à post-rift de la marge transformante ouest africaine." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30218/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents the first source-to-sink study of the African Atlantic Equatorial margin. We established new Meso-Cenozoic paleogeographic and structural reconstructions, integrating the West African sub-continent and the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, based on a new mapping method defining both erosion limits of preserved deposits and their minimum original extension. We show the evolution over 200 Myrs of the eroding (sources) and accumulating domains (sinks) at continental scale. We demonstrate in particular that during the Cretaceous, a large Saharan intracratonic basin was exporting sediments toward both the Tethys and the future Atlantic Equatorial Ocean. The fragmentation of this basin occurred in the Oligocene, by the growth of the Hoggar swell that isolated the present-day small residual depot-centers. The development of this specific "basin and swell" topography results from the superimposition of various deformation wavelength at continental scale combining a marginal upwarp along the equatorial margin and a hot spot swell. We then characterized, from the interpretation of seismic data and well logs, the segmentation of the Equatorial Atlantic passive margin and the stratigraphic architecture of the post-rift Upper Cretaceous sedimentary wedge. We show that the proximal parts of the Late Cretaceous sedimentary wedge are only preserved along divergent segments of the margin and not along transform segments. We interpret this differential preservation as the result of a greater uplift, during the early post-rift, in the proximal parts of the transform segments preventing the preservation of the proximal terms of the sedimentary systems. The transform segments are associated with narrow necking zone, resulting in greater flexural uplift than divergent segments showing wider necking zones, in particular during the early post-rift. The characterization of the stratigraphic architecture of the post-rift sedimentary wedge then allowed for the quantification of accumulation history in the passive margin basins. New low-temperature thermochronological data (AFTA and Apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He) acquired at the University of Glasgow on the samples of three regional transects perpendicular to the margin allowed for the quantification of the denudation history and eroded volume on the continental domain. These data shows that the major thermal event recorded by those samples is the cooling phase related to the erosion of a rift-related topography along the margin. Erosion and accumulation budgets fall within the same order of magnitude. During some given periods (Late Cretaceous and since the Late Miocene), excess in accumulation may be associated with the reworking of sediments previously stored within intracontinental basins or on the shelf of the margin
Bergerat, Françoise. "Déformations cassantes et champs de contrainte tertiaires dans la plate-forme européenne." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502834.
Full textFluteau, Frédéric. "Impact de la tectonique des plaques sur le climat." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077090.
Full textBallard, Jean-Francois. "Approche géologique et mécanique des décollements dans la croûte supérieure." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10032.
Full textLemaire, Marie-Marie. "Les relations du bloc d'Ustyurt avec l'Iran et l'Eurasie d'après les données paléomagnétiques de formations permiennes à jurassiques de la plaque de Touran et de la plaque scythe." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR16001.
Full textJacob, Jensen. "Contribution à la tectonique des plaques de l'océan Indien oriental." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0002.
Full textThe frequent earthquakes in Indonesia are associated with the active subduction of the northern Wharton basin under Sunda trench. To better understand the subduction mechanism the age and structure of the subducting lithosphere have been analyzed by conducting a detailed marine magnetic interpretation of the Wharton basin. Validation of the identified magnetic isochrons is achieved by two-plate kinematic reconstructions for chron 20 young to 26 old, and by three-plate reconstructions involving Australia, Antarctica and India for the older chrons 34 young to 27 young, for which no conjugate anomalies exist in the basin. The resulting age and structure obtained for the missing part of the basin are draped on the top of the subducted lithosphere determined by seismic tomography to investigate the subduction processes and their consequences. The age and spreading rate influence physical parameters like the thickness, buoyancy, and rheology of the subducting lithosphere, which in turn result in variable "subductability" of the lithosphere, varying depth of the trench and its deviation from a regular arc. The subducted long-offset fracture zones and spreading axis play an important geodynamic role in opening asthenospheric windows through the deep slab, whereas subducting features like plateaus and seamounts affects shallower processes at the trench and in the seismogenic zone. To extend the results obtained by our three-plate reconstructions on the controversial Late Cretaceous spreading history of Australia and Antarctica, we investigate the early opening and spreading history of this plate boundary using the Bullard Contour Fit method. The method is appropriate for sinuous isochrons and in absence of clear fracture zones. Two pairs of symmetrical features are observed in the satellite-derived free-air gravity anomaly map over the conjugate margins, the strongest one interpreted as the continent-ocean boundary. They are considered as isochrons and tentatively dated 128 and 94 Ma. A proper reconstruction at 128 Ma is attained in three separate sections, with the western section corresponding to the motion between Australia-East Antarctica, the central one to the motion between the Polda Block (a transient micro-continent) and East Antarctica, and the eastern one to Tasmania and West Antarctica. The eastern margins of Australia and Tasmania are aligned. The conjugate margins of reconstructed Australia, Tasmania and West Antarctica on one hand, Lord Howe Rise and the Campbell Plateau (Zelandia) on the other hand, fit a small circle and suggest a transform motion. Aligning the Bellona Trough with the Bass Strait as an extension of the Southern Australia Fracture Zone predicts a total 600 km of transform motion, before the Tasman Sea and Pacific- Antarctic Ridge opened at ~83 Ma. The southeastward translation of East Antarctica resulted in compression and crustal thickening in West Antarctica, creating the Trans-Antarctic Mountains at the edges of different provinces - craton and orogenic terranes - and rheology. The initial opening of Australia-Antarctica is likely related to the Kerguelen hotspot inception at ~120 Ma
Duperret, Anne. "Méga-glissements sous-marins au front d'une zone de subduction : l'exemple de la marge nord-péruvienne." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066076.
Full textYelles, Chaouche Abdelkarim. "Etude geophysique de la microplaque juan fernandez et evolution du point triple antarctique nacza pacifique depuis 10 ma." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077280.
Full textMejri, Maroua Othmani. "La problématisation dans la théorie de la tectonique des plaques et l'utilisation du temps, de l'espace et du fonctionnement : par les élèves tunisiens de la troisième année sciences expérimentales." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=884d7c0b-d45b-4258-aedd-1beb97aea2d3.
Full textThis research task concerns the problematization in the context of plate tectonics. We seek to see the various uses of space during the problematization of the distribution of geological facts to the surface of the globe, the types of mechanisms built during the problematization of the engine of plate movement and the various uses of time during the reconstruction of the birth of the Tunisian Atlas. The analysis of the pupil's productions oral and written made in reference to the theoretical model of plate tectonics and a currently accepted epistemological reflextion on the history of science of the Earth. The results show variability in the figures of space and time experienced by the pupil as well as variability in the modeling of the driving mechanism of plate movement. Some difficulties are bound to the relationship of pupils over time and withs space. The difficulties bound to time have an influence on the shape of space chosen by the pupil and the nature of the proposed model to explain a mechanism and conversely. We hold that the problematization in Earth Sciences requires the joint of time of space of a functioning. It is difficult to problematize a geological phenomenon in a historical setting without using a figure of space and to a functioning. We suggest to problematize the geologic contents in a spatial, historic or functionalist frame by taking into account the effects caused by the interference of the uses of the time of the space and the functioning for a given problem
Ouillon, Guy. "Application de l'analyse multifractale et de la transformée en ondelettes anisotropes à la caractérisation géométrique multi-échelle des réseaux de failles et de fractures /." Orléans : Éd. BRGM, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35828893t.
Full textMention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Multiscale organization of joints and faults revealed by multifractal and wavelet techniques. Bibliogr. p. 293-313. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Ouazzani-Touhami, Mohamed. "Structures et recristallisations associees dans des zones de cisaillement : nappes de mascate (oman) et nappes de frederico s.l. (rif interne, maroc)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13198.
Full textCalais, Éric. "Relations cinématique/déformation le long des limites de plaques en coulissage : l'exemple de la limite de plaques Nord Caraïbe de Cuba à Porto Rico." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4382.
Full textKress, Béatrice. "Evolution de l'Arctique : implications sur la déformation des plaques lithosphériques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13131.
Full textDavy, Philippe. "Modélisation thermo-mécanique de la collision continentale." Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34901258k.
Full textBarbey, Pierre. "Signification géodynamique des domaines granulitiques : la ceinture des granulites de Laponie : une suture de collision continentale d'âge protérozoïque inférieur /." Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349079281.
Full textCoulon, Angoulvant Marie-Pierre. "Tectonique du plateau de Kerguelen : relations avec le mouvement des plaques lithosphériques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13002.
Full textSoudarin, Laurent. "Positionnement précis et tectonique des plaques à partir du système spatial DORIS." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30169.
Full textQuéré, Sandrine. "Convection du manteau terrestre et tectonique des plaques : modélisation en géométrie sphérique." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30242.
Full textWeber, Barbara. "Interactions basalte-lithosphère mantellique en contexte intraplaque océanique : exemples de Tahiti et de Tahaa, plaque rapide et de la Réunion, plaque lente /." [Fontainebleau] : Centre de géologie générale et minière, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35551681p.
Full textDiraison, Marc. "Évolution cénozoïque du bassin de Magellan et tectonique des Andes australes /." Rennes : Géosciences, Université de Rennes I, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36707443g.
Full textCogné, Jean-Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude paléomagnétique des roches déformées." Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34929685x.
Full textRouby, Delphine. "Restauration en carte des domaines faillés en extension : méthode et applications /." Rennes : Université de Rennes I, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35738688q.
Full textKrien, Yann. "Les forces résistantes de la tectonique des plaques : apport des données gravimétriques dans les modèles numériques." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112343.
Full textLn this study, we use short -and intermediate- wavelengths gravity and geoid anomalies (≈100-4000km) to provide constraints on the mechanical structure of subduction zones and on the forces involved. We perform 2D instantaneous dynamically self-consistent models with Newtonian or power-law rheologies, and show that both strong decoupling of the two convergent plates and weakened bending lithosphere are necessary to reproduce the observed geoid and gravity data. Good fit are found for relatively low failure stresses. Only a small fraction of the downgoing slab weight is transmitted to the surface plates. About 10% of the energy is dissipated in the contact zone between the two plates, 10% to 20% in the bending region, and more than 70% in the sub-lithospheric mantle. The basal tractions induce a net motion of the plates, with the subducting lithosphere moving faster than predicted by the no-net motion principle. A marked positive geoid anomaly is predicted above subduction zones at intermediate wavelengths (λ≈2000-4000km) in the case of pure whole mantle convection. Such large geoid highs are not observed. We show that partial layering associated to phase transitions in the deep mantle allows to reconcile modeI prediction and observations for these wavelengths. Ln an effort to understand the physical mechanisms involved, we studied the kinetic effects of volumes changes during phase transformations. Using simple analytical and numerical models we show that macroscopic volumes changes can reduce the mantle flow significantly in the case of a thin and viscous discontinuity. Building on the nucleus growth model of Morris [2002], we also show that volume changes on a microscopic scale can induce a deflection of the phase transition zones by several kilometers even in the case of non-Newtonian rheologies and for quite low values of viscosity
Vigny, Christophe. "Géoïde et dynamique interne de la Terre." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112302.
Full textBourjot, Laurence. "Relation entre structure lithosphérique profonde et déformation de surface au Tibet." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077277.
Full textDelouis, Bertrand. "Subduction et déformation continentale au Nord-Chili." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13218.
Full textOuillon, Guy. "Application de l'analyse multifractale et de la transformée en ondelettes anisotropes à la caractérisation géométrique multi-échelle des réseaux de failles et de fractures." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE4834.
Full textMallard, Claire. "Analyse tectonique de la surface des modèles de convection mantellique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1143/document.
Full textPlate tectonics theory describes first order surface motions at the surface of the Earth. Although it is agreed upon that convection in the mantle drives the plates, the relationships between deep dynamics and surface tectonics are still largely unknown. Until recently, mantle convection models could not produce surface tectonics that could be compared to that of the Earth. New global models are able to form large-scale ascending and descending mantle currents, as well as narrow regions of localized deformation at the surface where convergence and divergence occur. These models selfconsistently generate an expansion of the oceanic floor similar to that of the last 200 million years on Earth, and continental drift similar to what can be reconstructed with palaeomagnetism. This Ph.D. thesis constitutes one of the first attempts to use self-organised, spherical convection models in order to better understand surface tectonics. Here, the tectonics produced by the models is finely charaterized through the study of plate boundaries, their organisation and their velocities. The goal is to be able to compare qualitatively and quantitatively the results of convection computations with surface motions, as reconstructed using the rules of plate tectonics and field observations. Plate boundaries emerging from the models were first traced and analyzed by hand so as to understand the physics that govern the typical organization of the tectonics plates on Earth. It is characterised by seven large plates and several smaller ones, following a statistical distribution that suggests that two distinct physical processes control the plates’ layout. We have determined the processes responsible for this distribution while varying the strength of the lithosphere (the yield stress). In our models, the stronger the lithosphere, the greater the total subduction length and their curvature, and the fewer the small plates. By studying surface fragmentation with triple junctions, we showed that the formation of small plates is associated with oceanic trench curvature. Large plates, however, are controlled by the long wavelengths of the convection cells. These two processes involve two different reorganisation times, controlled either by the accretion and the subduction of the large plates (about 100 Myrs), or by trench motions for the smaller plates. In order to improve the efficiency of our analysis, we have developed automated methods to study the surface and the interior of the models. The first technique is about detecting the tectonic plates automatically at the surface of the models. It is called ADOPT. It is a tool based on image segmentation technique to detect the watersheds. The surface fields of the convection models are converted into a relief field, either directly or using a distance method. This automatic detection allows to obtain plates polygons similar to the hand analysis. Another technique of detection has been developed to study mantle plumes. These analyzes were used to determine the driving forces behind the plates layout, to quantify the timing of reorganizations and to evaluate the implication of the models rheology on the surface distribution. These new analytical tools and the constant evolution of the quality of mantle convection models allow us to improve our understanding of the link between mantle dynamics and surface tectonics, but also to target necessary improvements in the convection models used
Moloto-A-Kenguemba, Gaétan Roch. "Evolution géotectonique paléoprotérozoi͏̈que à néoprotérozoi͏̈que de la couverture du craton archéen du Congo aux confins du Congo, du Cameroun et de Centrafrique." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2034.
Full textFranek, Jan Schulmann Karel Lexa Ondrej. "From microstructures to large-scale crustal deformations in collisional orogen multidisciplinary approach /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/971/01/Franek_Jan_2007.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 61- 69.
Duquesnoy, Thierry. "Contribution de la géodésie à l'étude de grands décrochements actifs associés à des zones de subduction à convergence oblique : exemples de la grande faille de Sumatra et de la faille Philippine." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112177.
Full textDetourbet, Christine. "Analyse des relations entre la Grande Faille de Sumatra (Indonésie) et les structures compressives de l'arrière-arc." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112302.
Full textLeclère-Vanhoeve, Annette. "Interprétation des données SEASAT dans l'Atlantique sud : Implications sur l'évolution du domaine carai͏̈be." Brest, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BRES2032.
Full textAndreieff, Patrick Bouysse Philippe Westercamp Denis. "Géologie de l'arc insulaire des petites Antilles et évolution géodynamique de l'Est-Caraïbe... /." Orléans : Éd. du BRGM [Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières], 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35152998s.
Full textChery, Jean. "Modélisation thermo-mécanique de la déformation lithosphérique intra-continentale /." Montpellier : Centre géologique et géophysique de l'Université des sciences et techniques du Languedoc, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35003523t.
Full textCaliap, Lucian. "Étude de l’optimisation des isolants d’un point de vue diélectrique pour les contraintes du GIS." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0068.
Full textLn gas insulated switchgears (GIS), high voltage electrodes are supported by solid insulators. The reduction of the size of the equipment for cost considerations, impacts directly on the insulator and a careful optimization becomes necessary. A triple junction (TJ) exists at the interface between metal, Insulating solid, and gas. Ln this sensitive area, partial discharges may appear, triggered by the presence of high voltage. Also, a further degradation of insulation performance can occur if solid particles are present in that zone. The accumulation of electric charge on the surface of the insulator can also reduce the system's dielectric strength when applying high voltage. These three points represent the starting point of this study that characterises the multitude of complex phenomena that occur in the presence of high voltage
Franco, Aurore. "Cinématique actuelle du Nord de l’Amérique Centrale : zone de jonction triple Nord Amérique-Cocos-Caraïbe." Paris 11, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431870.
Full textNorthern Central America is located in a complex zone of interaction between three major tectonic plates : the North American (NA), the Caribbean (CA) ant the Cocos (CO) plates. While the CO plate is subducting under the NA and CA plates along the Mid- American trench, the on land relative motion between the NA and CA plates is mainly accommodated by the east-west trending left-lateral Polochic-Motagua fault system. We installed in 2005, during 6 months, a 30 stations seismological network in order to analyse the present seismic activity of the Polochic-Motagua fault system and to constrain the lithosphere characteristic at depth in this area. We show that the seismic activity is concentrated at depth less than 15 km. The level of seismicity of the Polochic and the Motagua faults is comparable while no earthquakes were registered from the jocotan fault. We also observe activity in a north-South trending graben south of the Motagua and probably activity on the folds north of the Polochic fault. Using the receiver function method we localise the mohorovic discontinuity at about 35 km. Our data suggest that the cristal thickness is smaller between the Polochic-Motagua faults than north or south. We use GPS data to characterize the deformation in the CO-CA-NA triple junction area in terms of interactions and relative contributions of the different structures (Polochic and Motagaua faults, a series of north south grabens south of them and the Mid-American volcanic Arc, MAVA), and coupling at the subduction interface. We analyse GPS- campaign data from different networks in Guatemala (24 sites measured in 1999-2003-2006), Salvador (3 sites measured in 2003 and 2006) and Chiapas, southern Mexico (8 sites measured each year from 2002 to 2004. Data are processed and combined using the GAMIT/GLOBK software. The obtained velocity field is first fitted using-simple elastic models. The Motagua fault seems to accommodate most of the present left-latéral motion between CA and NA, with less than 15 % taken by the Polochic fault despite its comparable surface morphology, historical seismicity and microseismic activity. This may suggest complex mechanical interactions between the Motagua and Polochic faults at the scale of several seismic cycles. A single fault model, centered on the Motagua fault, locked at a depth of 15 km, indicates a slip rate decrease from eastern (20 mm/yr) to central Guatemala (15 mm/yr) towards the CA-CO-NA triple junction (0mm/yr ? ). This decrease seems to be consistent with east-west extension rates estimated across the Ipala and Guatemala city grabens south of the Motagua fault. We also observe a right-lateral movement across the MAVA : 15 m/yr in Guatemala. This movemet is consistent with that observed along the Nicaraguan and costa-rican volcanic arcs. To take into account the rotation of blocks and the elastic deformation localized on faults at their boundaries in this area, we finally use the 3D-elastic inverse model DEFNODE (McCaffrey 2002) to fit the GPS- derived deformation field. Our 4 blocks ( Co, CA, NA and a microplate in between the MAVA and the CO subduction interface) suggests a coupling decrease at the subduction interface form Chiapas to Guatemala, although not fully resolved with the present data set
Bouin, Marie-Noëlle. "Traitement de données GPS en Antarctique : mouvements crustaux, rebond post-glaciaire et systèmes de référence." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1999. https://hal.science/tel-02071396.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the processing of GPS data from the permanent stations in Antarctica, for the assessment of vertical and horizontal motions induced by glacial rebound. An accurate knowledge of the current deformations provides information about the validity of the late Pleistocene deglaciation models and the present-day Antarctic ice-sheet behavior. This could largely affect global sea level change. We have analysed 4 years of continuous IGS data from the stations in and around Antarctica. We have improved the processing method in order to take into account the specifities of GPS data analysis in Antarctica, and obtained station position time series, from which we derive significant horizontal and vertical velocities. The horizontal velocities show a very good agreement with a rigide plate motion, which is slightly different from the Nuvell predicted motion, but very coherent with the recent results obtained by Heflin (1999) for the Australian plate motion. The particular case of the Dumont station was good agreement with the recent results obtained investigated to estimate the influence of the March 1998 Balleny Islands earthquake, in relatively good agreement with the dislocation models. From the vertical trends, we detect a global uplift of the whole Antarctic continent, at about 1 cm/yr, consistent with the upper limit of the vicous model predictions. Based upon O’Higgins observations, we see that the Peninsula is affected by a higher rate of 2. 5 cm/yr, including a purely elastic part, which reflects the present-day increase of the melting rate over the West Antarctica, confirmed by the glaciological and geodetic observations. The seasonal variations detected for this station on the vertical component haven’t found their explanation yet
Giannerini, Gérard. "Propagation des phénomènes tectoniques et volcaniques liée aux zones de rifting : exemple de la plaque arabique." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4188.
Full textTejera, de Leon Julian. "Les bassins néogènes d'avant-pays du Rif externe occidental liés à la transformante Jebha-Arbaoua (Maroc)." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3037.
Full textBesse, Jean. "Cinématique des plaques et dérive des pôles magnétiques : évolution de la Téthys, collisions continentales et couplage noyau-manteau." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077218.
Full textFranek, Jan. "From microstructures to large-scale crustal deformations in collisional orogen : Multidisciplinary approach." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/FRANEK_Jan_2007.pdf.
Full textLeduc, Thomas. "Modélisations par réseaux d'automates cellulaires et simulations parallèles du phénomène de subduction-érosion en tectonique des plaques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327733.
Full texttectonique des plaques, puis présentons les simulations informatiques parallèles correspondantes.
Après une présentation de la tectonique des plaques et des marges convergentes de type II (avec érosion), nous présentons les deux tendances de modélisation existantes, étudions leurs avantages et inconvénients respectifs et montrons l'intérêt de développer une démarche radicalement différente. Nous exposons alors nos hypothèses de travail relativement restrictives et leurs limites, en commençant d'abord par présenter la géométrie d'ensemble du "plan de coupe de modélisation" et sa dynamique, puis en énumérant les phénomènes à reproduire, enfin, en introduisant des échelles de temps et la représentation de l'érosion par une altération (un changement de matière) due au vieillissement.
En ce qui concerne les modélisations plus précisément, nous nous inspirons très fortement du "Sand Pile Model" uni-dimensionnel pour développer notre propre modèle uni-dimensionnel et introduire la notion de réseau d'automates cellulaires fini généralisé. Dans le cas du modèle bi-dimensionnel, partant du même principe, nous cherchons à implémenter un modèle d'avalanches dans un tas de sable représenté par un réseau d'automates cellulaires bi-dimensionnel. Constatant que la multiplication des informations stockées dans la structure même du réseau offre un meilleur rendu-visuel, nous choisissons alors de généraliser cette méthode et abordons la description de notre propre réseau d'automates cellulaires.
Les temps de calcul respectifs de chacune des simulations séquentielles ainsi que le fait que les réseaux d'automates cellulaires constituent un modèle canonique du calcul parallèle à fine granularité, nous incitent à développer des simulations parallèles et à les porter sur des ordinateurs parallèles tels que le CRAY T3E et l'ORIGIN 2000. Après avoir exposé la stratégie de décomposition de domaine que nous avons employée (avec équi-répartition de la charge des sous-domaines sur l'ensemble des processeurs et minimisation de la taille des problèmes aux interfaces), nous montrons l'intérêt d'utiliser une bibliothèque d'échanges de messages appropriée dans le cadre d'une décomposition de domaine régulière sur une architecture parallèle à mémoire distribuée.
Les résultats obtenus sont révélateurs (pour la simulation bi-dimensionnelle du moins) de la très bonne parallélisabilité du problème posé. Ils nous permettent de présenter quelques copies d'écran des animations graphiques
obtenues et leur validation d'un point de vue géotectonique. Des développements futurs pourraient être orientés vers la mise au point d'une plate-forme logicielle parallèle adaptée, puis vers une étude de qualification de la concentration des déformations au sein de la plaque chevauchante.
Leduc, Thomas. "Modelisations par reseaux d'automates cellulaires et simulations paralleles du phenomene de subduction-erosion en tectonique des plaques." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066288.
Full textSoumaila, Amadou. "Etude structurale, pétrographique et géochimique de la ceinture birimienne de Diagorou-Darbani Liptako, Niger occidental (Afrique de l'ouest)." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2016.
Full text