Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tectonique des plaques – Pérou'
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Déverchère, Jacques. "Extension crustale dans un contexte de convergence de plaques : l'exemple des Andes du Pérou central contraint par des données sismotectoniques." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112399.
Full textMourier, Thomas. "La transition entre Andes marginales et Andes cordilléraines à ophiolites : évolution sédimentaire, magmatique et structurale du relais de Huancabamba (3̊ a 8̊ Lat. S ; Nord Pérou-Sud Équateur)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112426.
Full textThe Huancabamba Andes represent a transitional segment between the Northem Andes of Ecuador and Colombia, considered to be a cordilleran orogen related to the abduction or accretion of oceanic terranes, and the Central Andes of Peru, considered as a marginal orogen exclusively related to the subduction of oceanic lithosphere from the Mesozoic to the Present. The geological study presented here shows that the northwestem peruvian margin has undergone a specifie Mesozoic evolution distinct from that of the neighbouring Central Andes. Paleogeographic reconstructions and structural evidence point to the distinction of two volcanic arcs during the Upper-Jurassic and the Cretaceous. An hypothesis dealing with an arc jump and the neocomian accretion of a continental terrane is proposed. The results paleomagnetic and gravimetric studies are presented. They are consistent with the accretion model and suggest that the Mesozoic evolution of Northern Peru is characterized by terrane accretion, more closely related to the processes observed in the Northern Andes than to those classically assumed for the Central Andes. New structural, sedimentologic and radiometric data lead to a detailed reconstruction of the Cenozoic andean orogeny. The main tectonic and magmatic phases are dated and their control on andean red-bed sedimentation is analysed. These results show that the Huancabamba Andes display mid-Tertiary to Quatemary features which are similar to those of the Central Andes. The main structural features of the Northern peruvian Andes (i. E. Deflections and fold and thrust belts) are described in detail. The geometry and sequence of thrusting evidence the eastward migration of tectonism during andean orogeny. General conclusions and discussions lead to a geodynamic model in which shortening and its rate variation along strike are the main mechanisms responsible for crustal thickening and deflection of struc tures observed in the Huancabamba Andes. Finally, an imbricated crustal duplex model is presented
Calderón, Ysabel. "Architecture structurale, bilans sédimentaires et potentiel hydrocarburifère d'une zone de transition "wedgetop-foredeep" de rétro-bassin d'avant-pays : exemple des bassins Marañon et Huallaga du Nord-Pérou." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30038/document.
Full textThis thesis, through its multidisciplinary approach and the interpretation of a large amount of industrial data, brings new elements in the understanding of foreland basin systems, especially in the Andino-Amazonian field of northern Peru. It proposes a new stratigraphic and structural model of this region, reconstructs and quantifies the history of the deformation and sedimentation that constitutes the key data to model the petroleum systems and to reduce the risks in exploration. The results show that the structural architecture of the Marañon Foreland Basin, the largest of the central Andes, evolves laterally from a wedgetop zone in the SE to a foredeep zone in the NW. In the SE, it forms a thrust wedge partly eroded, connected to the wedgetop basins of Huallaga and Moyabamba. This set constitutes a single foreland basin system, deformed by the interference of an east-verging thin-skinned tectonics and a largely west-verging tectonics. The total horizontal shortening varies between 70 and 76 km. The western vergence of this thick-skinned tectonics is controlled by the inheritance of the Gondwanide orogeny (Middle Permian). We show that it is at the origin of the important crustal and destructive earthquakes in the Moyabamba basin. The east-verging thin-skinned tectonics shows a strong shortening and is confined to the wedgetop basins of Huallaga and Moyabamba, where it is controlled by the geographical distribution of a large level of Late Permian evaporites sealing the structures of the Gondwanide orogenesis. Towards the NW, the deformation of the Marañon basin is progressively amortized, which is reflected in the transition to a foredeep type deposition zone. The deformation, although not very important, is still active and responsible for shallow earthquakes. From a sedimentary point of view, this thesis has made it possible to differentiate four foreland mega-sequences in the Marañon basin, defined from well stratigraphic correlations and regional discontinuities identified in seismic. A structural section through the Marañon-Huallaga system has been restored in three stages since the Middle Eocene to reconstruct and quantify the propagation of the foreland basin system. The four foreland mega-sequences and the sequential restoration show that the Marañon-Huallaga system developed since the Albian during two stages separated by an important period of erosion during the Middle Eocene. They recorded successively the uplifts of the western and eastern Cordilleras of the Andes of northern Peru, and that of the Arch of Fitzcarrald. From a quantitative point of view, the calculated sedimentation rates show a gradual increase since the Albian, interrupted by the erosion of the Middle Eocene. The 2D petroleum modeling, carried out from a revision of the petroleum systems and the sequential restoration of the Huallaga-Marañon system, valorizes a large part of the results obtained in this thesis by simulating the expulsion of the hydrocarbons at the different stages of the deformation of the Huallaga-Marañon system, and showing its potential trapping areas
Espurt, Nicolas. "Influence de la subduction d'une ride asismique sur la dynamique de la plaque continentale chevauchante : exemple de la ride de Nazca et du bassin amazonien." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204692.
Full textHuaman, Rodrigo Mario David. "Évolution tectonique cénozoïque et néotectonique du Piémont Pacifique dans la région d'Arequipa (Andes du Sud Pérou)." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112033.
Full textThe Cenozoic evolution of the Piedmont and the Pacific Coast (forearc basins) is divided into two major periods: a) from Oligocene to Lower Miocene during which the sedimentary accumulation dominates, and b) Middle Miocene to Quaternary, characterized by erosion. Four compressive tectonic phases (Middle Oligocene, Middle Miocene, Upper Miocene and Early Quaternary) affect the sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the basin. A proof is given for the occurrence of a compressional faulting during the deposition of ignimbritic volcanics by 10 m. Y. The mapped structures (scl 1:100 000 Th) show a graben limited by major reverse fault of approximately E-W orientation. The microtectonic studies confirm the multiphased character of these reverse faults and reveal the existence of three events of successive slipping. These events could be related respectively to the attributed to the compressive tectonic phases: by of Middle Oligocene (N-S compression approximately), Middle Miocene (NW-SE compression), and by Upper Miocene and/or Early Quaternary (probably E-W compression). In this region, no trace of active faults has been observed, confirming that the shallow seismic activity is weak. Most of seismicity seems to be linked essentially to the Benioff’s zone
Macedo, Sanchez Orlando. "Etude paléomagnétique des formations crétacées et tertiaires des Andes Centrales du Pérou : rôle des rotations dans la formation des déflexions andines." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112370.
Full textFluteau, Frédéric. "Impact de la tectonique des plaques sur le climat." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077090.
Full textBallard, Jean-Francois. "Approche géologique et mécanique des décollements dans la croûte supérieure." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10032.
Full textLemaire, Marie-Marie. "Les relations du bloc d'Ustyurt avec l'Iran et l'Eurasie d'après les données paléomagnétiques de formations permiennes à jurassiques de la plaque de Touran et de la plaque scythe." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR16001.
Full textVega, Maria Mayssa. "Architecture tectonique et stratigraphique du bassin d'avant-arc de Tumbes (Nord Pérou) : implications pour l'exploration des hydrocarbures." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/875/.
Full textForearc basins are under explored areas by academic or industrials research. They are not considered as potential area by oil industry because only one giant oil field belongs to this type of basin. Such a oil field is located in the northern Peruvian forearc system: The Talara basin. Our research focuses on the Tumbes forearc basin located north of the oil bearing Talara basin. The aim of this work is to provided for oil industry skills about the tectonic style and the stratigraphic architecture of this basin in order to decipher its petroleum potential using a multisource approach of surface and subsurface data (seismic lines, well-logs). On a tectonic view point, we demonstrate that the basin structure is not a pull-apart one but an accretionary prism built by deep-seated north-verging thrusts reworked by shallow gravitational normal faults. A tectonic model is developed corresponding to the northwestward propagation since Eocene times, of thrust-related culminations bounded by south-east facing normal faults. This tectonic model suggests that anticline traps, which have never been explored, should become a new target for future exploration. Sequence stratigraphy allows us deciphering the stratigraphic architecture of the Tumbes basin. In the Oligocene-Miocene succession, 15 base level cycles have been identified onshore and have been correlated using seismic data to the offshore portion of the basin. The Corvina gas field has been the depositional area of thick turbiditic body (channels and fans) which have been deposited during periods of forced and normal regressions. These good reservoirs rocks are interbedded with thin fines which have been deposited during transgressive periods. Such a stratigraphic architecture suggests a alternation of good to fair reservoir topped by transgressive seals, which may increase significantly the hydrocarbon resources of the Tumbes forearc basin
Jacob, Jensen. "Contribution à la tectonique des plaques de l'océan Indien oriental." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0002.
Full textThe frequent earthquakes in Indonesia are associated with the active subduction of the northern Wharton basin under Sunda trench. To better understand the subduction mechanism the age and structure of the subducting lithosphere have been analyzed by conducting a detailed marine magnetic interpretation of the Wharton basin. Validation of the identified magnetic isochrons is achieved by two-plate kinematic reconstructions for chron 20 young to 26 old, and by three-plate reconstructions involving Australia, Antarctica and India for the older chrons 34 young to 27 young, for which no conjugate anomalies exist in the basin. The resulting age and structure obtained for the missing part of the basin are draped on the top of the subducted lithosphere determined by seismic tomography to investigate the subduction processes and their consequences. The age and spreading rate influence physical parameters like the thickness, buoyancy, and rheology of the subducting lithosphere, which in turn result in variable "subductability" of the lithosphere, varying depth of the trench and its deviation from a regular arc. The subducted long-offset fracture zones and spreading axis play an important geodynamic role in opening asthenospheric windows through the deep slab, whereas subducting features like plateaus and seamounts affects shallower processes at the trench and in the seismogenic zone. To extend the results obtained by our three-plate reconstructions on the controversial Late Cretaceous spreading history of Australia and Antarctica, we investigate the early opening and spreading history of this plate boundary using the Bullard Contour Fit method. The method is appropriate for sinuous isochrons and in absence of clear fracture zones. Two pairs of symmetrical features are observed in the satellite-derived free-air gravity anomaly map over the conjugate margins, the strongest one interpreted as the continent-ocean boundary. They are considered as isochrons and tentatively dated 128 and 94 Ma. A proper reconstruction at 128 Ma is attained in three separate sections, with the western section corresponding to the motion between Australia-East Antarctica, the central one to the motion between the Polda Block (a transient micro-continent) and East Antarctica, and the eastern one to Tasmania and West Antarctica. The eastern margins of Australia and Tasmania are aligned. The conjugate margins of reconstructed Australia, Tasmania and West Antarctica on one hand, Lord Howe Rise and the Campbell Plateau (Zelandia) on the other hand, fit a small circle and suggest a transform motion. Aligning the Bellona Trough with the Bass Strait as an extension of the Southern Australia Fracture Zone predicts a total 600 km of transform motion, before the Tasman Sea and Pacific- Antarctic Ridge opened at ~83 Ma. The southeastward translation of East Antarctica resulted in compression and crustal thickening in West Antarctica, creating the Trans-Antarctic Mountains at the edges of different provinces - craton and orogenic terranes - and rheology. The initial opening of Australia-Antarctica is likely related to the Kerguelen hotspot inception at ~120 Ma
Duperret, Anne. "Méga-glissements sous-marins au front d'une zone de subduction : l'exemple de la marge nord-péruvienne." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066076.
Full textYelles, Chaouche Abdelkarim. "Etude geophysique de la microplaque juan fernandez et evolution du point triple antarctique nacza pacifique depuis 10 ma." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077280.
Full textMejri, Maroua Othmani. "La problématisation dans la théorie de la tectonique des plaques et l'utilisation du temps, de l'espace et du fonctionnement : par les élèves tunisiens de la troisième année sciences expérimentales." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=884d7c0b-d45b-4258-aedd-1beb97aea2d3.
Full textThis research task concerns the problematization in the context of plate tectonics. We seek to see the various uses of space during the problematization of the distribution of geological facts to the surface of the globe, the types of mechanisms built during the problematization of the engine of plate movement and the various uses of time during the reconstruction of the birth of the Tunisian Atlas. The analysis of the pupil's productions oral and written made in reference to the theoretical model of plate tectonics and a currently accepted epistemological reflextion on the history of science of the Earth. The results show variability in the figures of space and time experienced by the pupil as well as variability in the modeling of the driving mechanism of plate movement. Some difficulties are bound to the relationship of pupils over time and withs space. The difficulties bound to time have an influence on the shape of space chosen by the pupil and the nature of the proposed model to explain a mechanism and conversely. We hold that the problematization in Earth Sciences requires the joint of time of space of a functioning. It is difficult to problematize a geological phenomenon in a historical setting without using a figure of space and to a functioning. We suggest to problematize the geologic contents in a spatial, historic or functionalist frame by taking into account the effects caused by the interference of the uses of the time of the space and the functioning for a given problem
Ouillon, Guy. "Application de l'analyse multifractale et de la transformée en ondelettes anisotropes à la caractérisation géométrique multi-échelle des réseaux de failles et de fractures /." Orléans : Éd. BRGM, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35828893t.
Full textMention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Multiscale organization of joints and faults revealed by multifractal and wavelet techniques. Bibliogr. p. 293-313. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Angeles, Carlos. "Les chevauchements de la cordillère occidentale par 12°15'S (Andes du Pérou central)." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20120.
Full textCalais, Éric. "Relations cinématique/déformation le long des limites de plaques en coulissage : l'exemple de la limite de plaques Nord Caraïbe de Cuba à Porto Rico." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4382.
Full textGerard, Benjamin. "Exhumation différentielle de la Cordillère Orientale (Déflexion d'Abancay, Pérou) : Une syntaxe tectonique andine ?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU030.
Full textI focus my thesis on the understanding of the structuration of the Altiplano northern edge: the Abancay Deflection. This region marks abruptly the latitudinal segmentation of the Peruvian Central Andes and presents striking features such as a positive topographic anomaly in comparison of its surroundings, relief obliquity, faults et rivers deviations. Numerous plutons, deeply incised by the Apurimac and Urubamba Rivers, outcrop in the core of the Abancay Deflection. This is a key that permit us the quantification of the rock kinetics at depth in that region. The Abancay Deflection is located over two morpho-tectonic areas: The Eastern Cordillera northward and the Altiplano to the south. The crustal-scale Apurimac fault system separates these two regions. Despite these significant characteristics, the Abancay Deflection is poorly documented and no recent study deals about its long-lived structuration in the Andean geodynamic context since 40 Ma. I developed a multidisciplinary approach based on low-temperature thermochronology, thermo-kinematics modeling and quantitative geomorphology to determine exhumation rates in the studied area, to unravel the mechanisms behind its structuration and to define its recent morphological evolution for different spatial and temporal scales. I demonstrate that the Abancay Deflection registered globally steady and uniforms exhumation rates of 0.2±0.1 km/m.y. between 40 and ∼5 Ma, contemporary to the Central Andes surface uplift. This exhumation pattern marks a large-scale tectonic shortening and/or a lower crustal flow. In this context, the Abancay Deflexion was an integrant part of a paleo-Altiplano extending northward (∼10°S vs. ∼14°S nowadays) partially or totally internally drained. Although the northern Eastern Cordillera and the Altiplano kept identical exhumation rates after ∼5 Ma, the southern Eastern Cordillera experienced a rapid increase of these ones (1.2±0.4 km/m.y.) creating a latitudinal differential exhumation pattern. I explain this very sharp and local increase of exhumation by the common work of the incision by capturing via regressive erosion the paleo-Altiplano through the Urubamba River together with a tectonic uplift tilting the Eastern Cordillera through the backthrusting activity of the inherited crustal-scale Apurimac fault system. According to these interpretations, and regarding the morphological and tectonics similarities, I propose a new geological definition for the Abancay Deflection and that this area is a tectonic syntaxis similar to the Himalayan or Alaskan syntaxes
Kress, Béatrice. "Evolution de l'Arctique : implications sur la déformation des plaques lithosphériques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13131.
Full textDavy, Philippe. "Modélisation thermo-mécanique de la collision continentale." Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34901258k.
Full textBarbey, Pierre. "Signification géodynamique des domaines granulitiques : la ceinture des granulites de Laponie : une suture de collision continentale d'âge protérozoïque inférieur /." Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349079281.
Full textCoulon, Angoulvant Marie-Pierre. "Tectonique du plateau de Kerguelen : relations avec le mouvement des plaques lithosphériques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13002.
Full textSoudarin, Laurent. "Positionnement précis et tectonique des plaques à partir du système spatial DORIS." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30169.
Full textQuéré, Sandrine. "Convection du manteau terrestre et tectonique des plaques : modélisation en géométrie sphérique." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30242.
Full textWeber, Barbara. "Interactions basalte-lithosphère mantellique en contexte intraplaque océanique : exemples de Tahiti et de Tahaa, plaque rapide et de la Réunion, plaque lente /." [Fontainebleau] : Centre de géologie générale et minière, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35551681p.
Full textEude, Adrien. "La croissance des Andes centrales du nord du Pérou (5-9°S) : propagation d'un prisme orogénique dans un contexte d'héritage tectonique et de subduction plane." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2443/.
Full textThis PhD thesis aim to constrain the formation and structural style of Central Andes in northern Peru (5-9°S) using ~600 km of balanced cross-sections. The minimum horizontal shortening of the entire mountain belt is estimated at about 220 km. The eastern orogenic wedge composed by the Eastern Cordillera and the Subandean zone, has been sequentially restored and calibrated by syn-tectonic sedimentation geometry, apatite fission-tracks and (U-Th)/He dating combined with vitrinite reflectance measurements. Results show that the deformation is strongly influenced by inheritance tectonics. Permo-Triassic rifts are reactivated during Turonian times and are responsible of the Upper Oligocene deformation of the eastern orogenic wedge. Deformation of the continued western wedge, composed by the Western Cordillera and the forearc basins, occurs from Turonian to Eocene following inherited Jurassic extensive structures. The integration of new ages (U/Pb, Ar-Ar, 14C) and geophysical data (gravimetry, seismicity) proves that the orogenic wedge propagation is ongoing. Tectonic regime is closely related to plate convergence rates, themselves correlated to subduction dipping and magmatic processes. Between 17 and 8 Ma, the generalized exhumation rates ranging from 0. 1 to 0. 2 mm. Yr-1 is attributed to the 7. 1 mm. Yr-1 orogenic wedge propagation. Around 8 Ma, the slab subduction flattening, supported by the Inca Plateau subduction, is responsible of the magmatic arc ending and of 200 km eastward deformation front propagation. No climatic control is necessary to propagate the deformation. The absence of high plateaus on this transect is attributed to the flat subduction context with a too recent 8 Ma belt widening
Diraison, Marc. "Évolution cénozoïque du bassin de Magellan et tectonique des Andes australes /." Rennes : Géosciences, Université de Rennes I, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36707443g.
Full textBellier, Olivier. "Tectonique en extension et changement d'états de contraintes cénozoïque en domaine intra-continental : exemples des bassins intra-cordillérains des Hautes Andes (Nord Pérou) et du graben de la Wei He (Chine du Nord)." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112099.
Full textThis work aims to study the Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Northern Peru intra-cordilleran basins and active faults and, of the Northern China rift systems. 1) The Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Northern Peru Western Cordillera : After the main Eocene shortening (Incaic phase) that affects the High Andes, several basins have been initiated along major faults in the Western Cordillera of the Northern Peru : the Cajabamba, San Marcos, and Namora basins. . . These one were half-grabens infilled by Miocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits. We exposed Miocene synsedimentary extensional tectonics having a ENE-WSW and NE-SW trending extensional direction. The mean subsidence rate of these half-grabens is moderate : 0. 1 mm/y. Two Late Neogene and Early Pleistocene compressional tectonics characterised by N105° and N-S trending shortening post-date the Miocene extension and pre-date a N-S trending extensional tectonics. This one was taking place during the Quaternary. The 1946 Quiches and, 1937 Chaquilbamba normal fault reactivations testify that this N-S trending extension is the present-day tectonic regime. The states of stress in the High Andes were produced by a combination of edge and, body forces. The edge forces are the effect of the convergence force on the South American plate limit and the body forces are the gravity forces due to the Andean high topography. We also showed that the intra-cordilleran states of stress can be modificated by instabilities produced by the plate edges or (and) montains belt geometry. 2) The Northern China geodynamic evolution : The Northern China geodynamic evolution was mainly exposed by the Wei He graben study (Shaanxi Province). This one is located along the EW-ESE striking fault system of the Qinling Shan which separates the Northern China Block (NCB) from the Southern China Block (SCB). The subsidence began, in the Wei He graben, during the Middle (or Early) Eocene time and continued up to present day with only one sedimentary gap observed during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene times. During the Paleogene, the subsidence rate was in the order of 0. 1 mm/y. It increased during the Miocene (0. 15 to 0. 30 mm/y) to reach more than 1 mm/y at the present-day. The kinematic analyses of the main fault planes of the Wei He graben show that : (1) The Late Pliocene to Quaternary and present-day tectonic regime is extensional and characterized by NW-SE trending extensional direction which induced a normal movement with a little sinistral component on the main faults striking E-W to WNW-ESE. (2) During the Neogene times the tectonic regime was extensional with a NE-SW trending extensional direction which induced a normal movement with small dextral strike-slip component on the main faults. (3) An oldest tectonic regime produced strike-slip-normal motions on the main faults. This may be due to a Paleogene transtensional regime characterised by E-W trending extensional direction. These Cenozoic tectonic regimes were combined consequences of the India-Asia collision and of the Eastern Eurasia subductions. The collision produces the Southern China Block extrusion and the subductions produce convections and astenospheric upwelling
Cogné, Jean-Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude paléomagnétique des roches déformées." Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34929685x.
Full textRouby, Delphine. "Restauration en carte des domaines faillés en extension : méthode et applications /." Rennes : Université de Rennes I, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35738688q.
Full textKrien, Yann. "Les forces résistantes de la tectonique des plaques : apport des données gravimétriques dans les modèles numériques." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112343.
Full textLn this study, we use short -and intermediate- wavelengths gravity and geoid anomalies (≈100-4000km) to provide constraints on the mechanical structure of subduction zones and on the forces involved. We perform 2D instantaneous dynamically self-consistent models with Newtonian or power-law rheologies, and show that both strong decoupling of the two convergent plates and weakened bending lithosphere are necessary to reproduce the observed geoid and gravity data. Good fit are found for relatively low failure stresses. Only a small fraction of the downgoing slab weight is transmitted to the surface plates. About 10% of the energy is dissipated in the contact zone between the two plates, 10% to 20% in the bending region, and more than 70% in the sub-lithospheric mantle. The basal tractions induce a net motion of the plates, with the subducting lithosphere moving faster than predicted by the no-net motion principle. A marked positive geoid anomaly is predicted above subduction zones at intermediate wavelengths (λ≈2000-4000km) in the case of pure whole mantle convection. Such large geoid highs are not observed. We show that partial layering associated to phase transitions in the deep mantle allows to reconcile modeI prediction and observations for these wavelengths. Ln an effort to understand the physical mechanisms involved, we studied the kinetic effects of volumes changes during phase transformations. Using simple analytical and numerical models we show that macroscopic volumes changes can reduce the mantle flow significantly in the case of a thin and viscous discontinuity. Building on the nucleus growth model of Morris [2002], we also show that volume changes on a microscopic scale can induce a deflection of the phase transition zones by several kilometers even in the case of non-Newtonian rheologies and for quite low values of viscosity
Vigny, Christophe. "Géoïde et dynamique interne de la Terre." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112302.
Full textBourjot, Laurence. "Relation entre structure lithosphérique profonde et déformation de surface au Tibet." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077277.
Full textDelouis, Bertrand. "Subduction et déformation continentale au Nord-Chili." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13218.
Full textOuillon, Guy. "Application de l'analyse multifractale et de la transformée en ondelettes anisotropes à la caractérisation géométrique multi-échelle des réseaux de failles et de fractures." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE4834.
Full textMacharé, José. "La marge continentale du Pérou : régimes tectoniques et sédimentaires cénozoïques de l'avant-arc des Andes centrales." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112201.
Full textLa margen continental peruana corresponde al antearco de los Andes y esta caracterizada por la presencia de dos series de cuencas sedimentarias: las cuencas internas y las cuencas externas. Las primeras ocupan la plataforma continental y el piedemonte pacifiee de la Cordillera y las ultimas estan situadas en el talud continental superior. El origen y la pequena subsidencia de estas cuencas ··emparejadas" pueden ser explicadas por un modela fisico sencillo de dislocaciôn en la zona de subducciôn. Desde su individualizaciôn en el Terciario inferior, las cuencas internas han evolucionado en ambiente marino o continental, mientras que las cuencas externas son exclusivamente marinas; en todo caso, los depôsitos son esencialmente detriticos de origen terrigeno y accesoriamente biogénicos y volcanogénicos. La sedimentaciôn en las cuencas no es continua, ella se realiza durante largos periodes de subsidencia que son interrumpidos por fases breves de no-depôsito. EsLas ulLimas son debiàas a fenomenos tectonicos (levantamiento) y/o eustaticos (descenso del nivel marino), ellas son contemporâneas a fases de tectonica compresiva que han afectado tanto la margen como el dominic andino. Por lo conLrar1o, los periodes de subsidencia estan asociados a una LeCLonica en extension. Durante el Cenozoico, se han puesto en evidencia tres tipos princ pales de regimenes de esfuerzos en las cuencas del anLearco: 1) extension en direcciôn perpendicular a aquella de la convergencia de placas, 2) exten sion en direcciôn perpendicular a aquella de la fosa oceanica y 3) compres on segun una direcciôn paralela a la de la convergencia. La apariciôn de cacia tipo de régimen de esfuerzos depenàe de la interaccion entre las fuerzas compresivas asociadas a la convergencia de placas y las fuerzas gravitacionales ligadas a la presencia cercana de la fosa oceânica. La subduccion de dorsales asismicas produce un levantamiento local y temporal de la margen, sin modificar notablemente el régimen de esiuerzos
The Peruvian continental margin is characterized by the presence of two series of forearc basins: the inner and the outer basins. The first ones occupe the continental shelf and the Pacific lowlands, the second ones being located in the upper continental slope. The dynamics of this paired-basins system, which shows very weak subsidence, is explained by applying a simple physical dislocation model to the subduction zone. Since their individualization in early Tertiary times, the inner basins have evolved either in marine or continental environments whereas the outer basins are exclusively marine. Their infill is essentially composed by detrital land-derived sediments, and secondarily by biogenic and volcanogenic sediments. Deposition process is not continuous, it takes place during long periods of subsidence which are interrupted by short-lived periods of non deposition. These latters appear related to either tectonic (uplift) or eustatic (sea-level drop) phenomena, and be contemporaneous to compressional tectonic events that have affected both the margin and he Andean zone. The periods of subsidence are associated with tensional tectonics. Three main types of stress regime have been present in the forearc basins during the Cenozoic: 1) extension trending orthogonal to the convergence direction, 2) extension trending orthogonal to the trench axis, and 3) compression trending parallel to the convergence direction. The occurence of each of these stress regimes depends on the balance between compressive forces related to the convergence and gravitational forces induced by the presence of the nearby deep oceanic trench. The subduction of aseismic ridges locally produce uplift of the margin, without modifying notably the stress regime
Margirier, Audrey. "Tectonique et processus d’exhumation des Cordillères Blanche et Noire en contexte de subduction horizontale (Nord Pérou)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU023/document.
Full textMy thesis focuses on the mechanisms that controlled the uplift and construction of the relief in the northern Peruvian Andes. In this area, the Cordillera Blanca forms the highest peaks in Peru (> 6000 m), which is a topographic anomaly across the Andes. The morphology of the Cordillera Blanca is marked by an elongated pluton, which outcrops over 150 km. In addition, this pluton is bordered by the largest normal fault from South America. The presence of this major normal fault in a flat-slab context remains surprising because flat slabs usually induce an increase of the shortening in the overriding plate. The aim of my work is to characterize the variations of the regional stress field, the age of the uplift and discuss the geodynamic processes that contributed to relief building. To address these issues, I used a multidisciplinary approach involving new field data, their analysis and modeling.My microtectonic dataset reveals regional extension above the Peruvian flat-slab. This data contradicts the expected increase of shortening in the overriding plate. Modeling my new thermochronologic data shows an increase in the exhumation rates induced by the uplift of the Cordillera Occidental since 15 Ma. I propose that the regional uplift relates to the flattening of the subduction and associated dynamic topography.To address the impact of the Miocene arc on the uplift at a more local scale, I compiled the cooling ages of the pluton available in the literature. In parallel, I obtained the first amphibole thermo-barometry data that constrains emplacement depth of the Cordillera Blanca batholith. Following these data, I propose that the batholith is structured in eastward-tilted sills. In addition, modeling of the space and time variations of erosion rates based on the inversion of thermochronologic data indicates that erosion rates significantly increased in the Cordillera Blanca since 2 Ma. The Miocene arc seems to insignificantly contribute to the local uplift despite its contribution to the thickening of the lithosphere. Thus, I suggest that the recent glacial erosion contributes to the exhumation of the Cordillera Blanca and subsequent tilting of the batholith.Then, I modeled the landscape evolution for the Cordillera Blanca region to quantify the contribution of erosion in the relief building and the uplift. My numerical models (FastScape) evidence the importance of erosion and associated flexural rebound in fostering relief building and the uplift rates.Finally, based on all available data, I propose a new regional model to explain the Cordillera Blanca normal fault. This model implies an extrado normal fault and erosion of the footwall
Mallard, Claire. "Analyse tectonique de la surface des modèles de convection mantellique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1143/document.
Full textPlate tectonics theory describes first order surface motions at the surface of the Earth. Although it is agreed upon that convection in the mantle drives the plates, the relationships between deep dynamics and surface tectonics are still largely unknown. Until recently, mantle convection models could not produce surface tectonics that could be compared to that of the Earth. New global models are able to form large-scale ascending and descending mantle currents, as well as narrow regions of localized deformation at the surface where convergence and divergence occur. These models selfconsistently generate an expansion of the oceanic floor similar to that of the last 200 million years on Earth, and continental drift similar to what can be reconstructed with palaeomagnetism. This Ph.D. thesis constitutes one of the first attempts to use self-organised, spherical convection models in order to better understand surface tectonics. Here, the tectonics produced by the models is finely charaterized through the study of plate boundaries, their organisation and their velocities. The goal is to be able to compare qualitatively and quantitatively the results of convection computations with surface motions, as reconstructed using the rules of plate tectonics and field observations. Plate boundaries emerging from the models were first traced and analyzed by hand so as to understand the physics that govern the typical organization of the tectonics plates on Earth. It is characterised by seven large plates and several smaller ones, following a statistical distribution that suggests that two distinct physical processes control the plates’ layout. We have determined the processes responsible for this distribution while varying the strength of the lithosphere (the yield stress). In our models, the stronger the lithosphere, the greater the total subduction length and their curvature, and the fewer the small plates. By studying surface fragmentation with triple junctions, we showed that the formation of small plates is associated with oceanic trench curvature. Large plates, however, are controlled by the long wavelengths of the convection cells. These two processes involve two different reorganisation times, controlled either by the accretion and the subduction of the large plates (about 100 Myrs), or by trench motions for the smaller plates. In order to improve the efficiency of our analysis, we have developed automated methods to study the surface and the interior of the models. The first technique is about detecting the tectonic plates automatically at the surface of the models. It is called ADOPT. It is a tool based on image segmentation technique to detect the watersheds. The surface fields of the convection models are converted into a relief field, either directly or using a distance method. This automatic detection allows to obtain plates polygons similar to the hand analysis. Another technique of detection has been developed to study mantle plumes. These analyzes were used to determine the driving forces behind the plates layout, to quantify the timing of reorganizations and to evaluate the implication of the models rheology on the surface distribution. These new analytical tools and the constant evolution of the quality of mantle convection models allow us to improve our understanding of the link between mantle dynamics and surface tectonics, but also to target necessary improvements in the convection models used
Franek, Jan Schulmann Karel Lexa Ondrej. "From microstructures to large-scale crustal deformations in collisional orogen multidisciplinary approach /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/971/01/Franek_Jan_2007.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 61- 69.
Duquesnoy, Thierry. "Contribution de la géodésie à l'étude de grands décrochements actifs associés à des zones de subduction à convergence oblique : exemples de la grande faille de Sumatra et de la faille Philippine." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112177.
Full textDetourbet, Christine. "Analyse des relations entre la Grande Faille de Sumatra (Indonésie) et les structures compressives de l'arrière-arc." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112302.
Full textLeclère-Vanhoeve, Annette. "Interprétation des données SEASAT dans l'Atlantique sud : Implications sur l'évolution du domaine carai͏̈be." Brest, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BRES2032.
Full textAndreieff, Patrick Bouysse Philippe Westercamp Denis. "Géologie de l'arc insulaire des petites Antilles et évolution géodynamique de l'Est-Caraïbe... /." Orléans : Éd. du BRGM [Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières], 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35152998s.
Full textChery, Jean. "Modélisation thermo-mécanique de la déformation lithosphérique intra-continentale /." Montpellier : Centre géologique et géophysique de l'Université des sciences et techniques du Languedoc, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35003523t.
Full textCaliap, Lucian. "Étude de l’optimisation des isolants d’un point de vue diélectrique pour les contraintes du GIS." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0068.
Full textLn gas insulated switchgears (GIS), high voltage electrodes are supported by solid insulators. The reduction of the size of the equipment for cost considerations, impacts directly on the insulator and a careful optimization becomes necessary. A triple junction (TJ) exists at the interface between metal, Insulating solid, and gas. Ln this sensitive area, partial discharges may appear, triggered by the presence of high voltage. Also, a further degradation of insulation performance can occur if solid particles are present in that zone. The accumulation of electric charge on the surface of the insulator can also reduce the system's dielectric strength when applying high voltage. These three points represent the starting point of this study that characterises the multitude of complex phenomena that occur in the presence of high voltage
Franco, Aurore. "Cinématique actuelle du Nord de l’Amérique Centrale : zone de jonction triple Nord Amérique-Cocos-Caraïbe." Paris 11, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431870.
Full textNorthern Central America is located in a complex zone of interaction between three major tectonic plates : the North American (NA), the Caribbean (CA) ant the Cocos (CO) plates. While the CO plate is subducting under the NA and CA plates along the Mid- American trench, the on land relative motion between the NA and CA plates is mainly accommodated by the east-west trending left-lateral Polochic-Motagua fault system. We installed in 2005, during 6 months, a 30 stations seismological network in order to analyse the present seismic activity of the Polochic-Motagua fault system and to constrain the lithosphere characteristic at depth in this area. We show that the seismic activity is concentrated at depth less than 15 km. The level of seismicity of the Polochic and the Motagua faults is comparable while no earthquakes were registered from the jocotan fault. We also observe activity in a north-South trending graben south of the Motagua and probably activity on the folds north of the Polochic fault. Using the receiver function method we localise the mohorovic discontinuity at about 35 km. Our data suggest that the cristal thickness is smaller between the Polochic-Motagua faults than north or south. We use GPS data to characterize the deformation in the CO-CA-NA triple junction area in terms of interactions and relative contributions of the different structures (Polochic and Motagaua faults, a series of north south grabens south of them and the Mid-American volcanic Arc, MAVA), and coupling at the subduction interface. We analyse GPS- campaign data from different networks in Guatemala (24 sites measured in 1999-2003-2006), Salvador (3 sites measured in 2003 and 2006) and Chiapas, southern Mexico (8 sites measured each year from 2002 to 2004. Data are processed and combined using the GAMIT/GLOBK software. The obtained velocity field is first fitted using-simple elastic models. The Motagua fault seems to accommodate most of the present left-latéral motion between CA and NA, with less than 15 % taken by the Polochic fault despite its comparable surface morphology, historical seismicity and microseismic activity. This may suggest complex mechanical interactions between the Motagua and Polochic faults at the scale of several seismic cycles. A single fault model, centered on the Motagua fault, locked at a depth of 15 km, indicates a slip rate decrease from eastern (20 mm/yr) to central Guatemala (15 mm/yr) towards the CA-CO-NA triple junction (0mm/yr ? ). This decrease seems to be consistent with east-west extension rates estimated across the Ipala and Guatemala city grabens south of the Motagua fault. We also observe a right-lateral movement across the MAVA : 15 m/yr in Guatemala. This movemet is consistent with that observed along the Nicaraguan and costa-rican volcanic arcs. To take into account the rotation of blocks and the elastic deformation localized on faults at their boundaries in this area, we finally use the 3D-elastic inverse model DEFNODE (McCaffrey 2002) to fit the GPS- derived deformation field. Our 4 blocks ( Co, CA, NA and a microplate in between the MAVA and the CO subduction interface) suggests a coupling decrease at the subduction interface form Chiapas to Guatemala, although not fully resolved with the present data set
Bouin, Marie-Noëlle. "Traitement de données GPS en Antarctique : mouvements crustaux, rebond post-glaciaire et systèmes de référence." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1999. https://hal.science/tel-02071396.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the processing of GPS data from the permanent stations in Antarctica, for the assessment of vertical and horizontal motions induced by glacial rebound. An accurate knowledge of the current deformations provides information about the validity of the late Pleistocene deglaciation models and the present-day Antarctic ice-sheet behavior. This could largely affect global sea level change. We have analysed 4 years of continuous IGS data from the stations in and around Antarctica. We have improved the processing method in order to take into account the specifities of GPS data analysis in Antarctica, and obtained station position time series, from which we derive significant horizontal and vertical velocities. The horizontal velocities show a very good agreement with a rigide plate motion, which is slightly different from the Nuvell predicted motion, but very coherent with the recent results obtained by Heflin (1999) for the Australian plate motion. The particular case of the Dumont station was good agreement with the recent results obtained investigated to estimate the influence of the March 1998 Balleny Islands earthquake, in relatively good agreement with the dislocation models. From the vertical trends, we detect a global uplift of the whole Antarctic continent, at about 1 cm/yr, consistent with the upper limit of the vicous model predictions. Based upon O’Higgins observations, we see that the Peninsula is affected by a higher rate of 2. 5 cm/yr, including a purely elastic part, which reflects the present-day increase of the melting rate over the West Antarctica, confirmed by the glaciological and geodetic observations. The seasonal variations detected for this station on the vertical component haven’t found their explanation yet
Giannerini, Gérard. "Propagation des phénomènes tectoniques et volcaniques liée aux zones de rifting : exemple de la plaque arabique." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4188.
Full textBesse, Jean. "Cinématique des plaques et dérive des pôles magnétiques : évolution de la Téthys, collisions continentales et couplage noyau-manteau." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077218.
Full textFranek, Jan. "From microstructures to large-scale crustal deformations in collisional orogen : Multidisciplinary approach." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/FRANEK_Jan_2007.pdf.
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