Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tectonique – Quaternaire (ère géologique)'
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Meghraoui, Mustapha. "Géologie des zones sismiques du Nord de l'Algérie : paléosismologie, tectonique active et synthèse sismotectonique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112220.
Full textGeomorphic studies of profiles conducted in 1986 across the El Asnam fault zone, the site of destructive earthquakes in both 1954 and 1980 allow quantitative evaluation of state Quaternary vertical offsets. Cumulative offsets were obtained with 13 profiles across both the main thrust fault and the secondary normal faults. 7 of the scarps levelled display three to five events including the 1980 earthquake and 5 others show cumulative vertical offsets at least eight times greater than that of 1980. On the ether hand 22 profiles conducted across the thrust breaks of the October 10, 1980 earthquake (M=7. 3) give more accurate values of co-seismic vertical displacements than those previously measured and confirm the existence of three segments A, B, and c along the strike of the fault. Dating of events identified on profiles, for which trench studies nearby have been conducted, yields the following results : in the last 1030 ±135 years, which is a cluster period of large seismic events, we obtain two uplift rates of 2. 42 mm. Y⁻¹ and 0. 97 mm. Y⁻¹respectively along the fault, as well as a recurrence interval of 315 years. For a longer time span (late Holocene), we obtain average minimum and maximum uplift rates of 0. 6 mm. Y⁻¹ and 1. 52 mm. Y⁻¹ respectively, and a recurrence interval of 710 years. An uplifted terrace located at the junction between segments A and B and dated approximately at 100,000 years implies an uplift rate of 0. 5 ±0. 05 mm. Y⁻¹ which is comparable to the minimum late Holocene uplift rate. The slip rate variability thus appears to depend not only on the uneven temporal distribution of large earthquakes (with M>7), but also on the variations in the amplitude of vertical displacements along different segments of the fault. Hence, the El Asnam thrust behavior is variable and episodic along strike, of the fault and is characterized by clusters of large events separated by longer periods of dormancy
Lee, Teh-Quei. "Evolution tectonique et géodynamique Néogène et Quaternaire de la chaîne côtière de Tai͏̈wan : apport du paléomagnétisme." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066301.
Full textPierson, d'Autrey Laurent. "Sédimentation et structuration synsédimentaire dans le bassin néogène d'Alcoy (Cordillères bétiques externes orientales, Espagne)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112061.
Full textThis thesis offers an analysis of sedimentary neogene and quaternary sequences and tectonic and tectono-sedimentary process, which allow to outline the dynamic evolution of the alcoy basin. The area, which has been studied, belongs to the internal Prebetic part of the external betic Cordillera. Since the Aquitanian, the area has been submited to a marine sedimentary regime. But, it is from the lower Burdigalien that a period of a N 130-N 140 shortening is the reason of the individualism of the basin. Bigs cavings, checked by NW-SE faults, slice old folds betic direction of which is WSWENE. At the end of the transgressive upper Burdigalian sedimentation, the basin is subjected again to a shortening, direction of which is sub-meridian, which brings up a re-mobilization of the old folds, with a deepening of sedimentary environment. After, during the Langhian, a N 130-N 140 shortening is the cause of a tectonic instability, which appears by many gravitary phenomena and a synclinal strain of the Baradello trench, checked up by a reverse move with a small left strikeslip of the N 50 Alcoy fault. The stop of stains, which is shown by a discordance of the Serravallian deposits over the Langhian deposits, is the reason, during this period, of a transgression over all the emergent areas during the Langhian. The presence of a new discordance between the Serravallian and the lower Tortonian is the proof of a revival of the tectonic activity (shortening) and consequently of a warping margin, and of a decrease of the depht of the sedimentary environment. The final emersion of the marine basin takes place during the Tortonian with the erection of overthrusting and important structures and the resetting of old ground features, which give an indication of a sub-meridian shortening. After these tectonic events, a lake is appearing, gradualy filled up during the Messinian, because the subsidence is slowing down and because the flood plains progressing since the border rims are spreading out. The filling of the exundated basin does end during the Plio-Quaternary and the present digging by the drainage pattern makes clear a regional lift up
Rasse, Michel. "L'Apennin ombrien : morphogenèse d'une dorsale récente." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040012.
Full textIn the mediterranean peninsulas,the general disposition of the main bulks of relief,on a regional scale,takes often the shape of swells or broad ridges. .
Messager, Grégoire. "Signatures géomorphologiques de l'activité tectonique plio-quaternaire dans le sud des Andes centrales, Argentine." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3040.
Full textThe mechanisms and the timing of the building of the Neuquén Andes in the southern central Andes of Argentina, are poorly documented during the Plio-Quaternary. In this work, we studied morphotectonics evidence to characterize the orogenic front propagation showing a compressional state of stress during the Plio-Quaternary. The southern Neuquén Andes correspond mechanically to an orogenic tectonic wedge while its northern part implies initially isolated crustal blocks in the foreland. In addition, a broad uplifting area in the current foreland shows that the lateral growth of the Neuquén Andes is registered far from the commonly recognized orogenic front. Moreover, we interpret contemporaneous extensional structures as large scale gravity glidings which are usually observed along passive margins. Crustal uplifts and ductile layers in the sedimentary cover would be the primarily control parameters of the gliding. Numerical models and an analytical solution show that the incision and sedimentation could modify the mechanical parameters and thus favour or inhibit the process
Menier, David. "Morphologie et remplissage des vallées fossiles sud-armoricaines : apports de la stratigraphie sismique." Lorient, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LORIS025.
Full textCushing, Edward Marc. "Évolution structurale de la marge Nord-Ouest hellénique dans l'ile Levkas et ses environs (Grèce Nord-occidentale)." Paris 11, 1985. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985624.
Full textFont, Marianne. "Signature géomorphologique des déformations en domaine interplaque : applications à la Normandie." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2055.
Full textMejri, Lassaad. "Tectonique quaternaire, paléosismicité et sources sismogéniques en Tunisie nord-orientale : étude de la faille d'Utique." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1669/.
Full textThe study of active structures mentioned in the literature in the region of the North-east of Tunisia show the morphological evidence of deformation which attest to a very recent tectonic activity. The late-villafranchian major compressive NNW-SSE tectonic phase is responsible for the establishment of the recent reliefs in the North-east (example: Utique fold). Some indices of recent tectonic activity were discovered on active faults on the structures of Utique, Messeftine, Djebel Nahli and Jebel Ammar. These indices allow classifying these faults as sources with significant seismogenic potential. Geologic, seismic, and neotectonic investigations in Utique fault area; as well as the archaeological data shows that the most recent activity was during the Roman era (˜2000 years B. P). We attribute the magnitude of 6 to the destructive Utique earthquake, Mentioned in the literature, and we evaluate its return period to 1300 years. Cross section shows a total shortening of 275 m since the Upper Miocene. Compression may have begun early in Pleistocene (1. 8 My); this leads to a most likely value for shortening rate of 0,15 mm/yr. The topographic and lithological characteristics of several regions of in Tunis City are very propitious to the sites effects and to liquefaction phenomenon. This high seismic risk zone deserves to be taken into account during the establishment of important regional development programs and in the application of seismic building codes
Kadri, Ali. "Évolution tectonosédimentaire (Aptien-Quaternaire) des Dj. Koumine, Hamra et Lessouda,Tunisie centrale." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112385.
Full textCordier, Stéphane. "Les niveaux alluviaux quaternaires de la Meurthe et de la Moselle entre Baccarat et Coblence : étude morphosédimentaire et chronostratigraphique, incidences climatiques et tectoniques." Paris 12, 2004. http://doxa.u-pec.fr:80/theses/th0213635.pdf.
Full textThe terrace system of the Meurthe and Moselle valleys consists in eight stepped levels situated between 0 and 90 m relative height. Their longitudinal profiles are parallel through the Paris basin and the rhenish Massif ; this demonstrates there was no relative uplift along the valley since the middle Pleistocene. The Upper-Moselle capture occured at the end of the sedimentation of PMM4 (OIS 8). The four post-capture levels PMM3 to PMM0 were respectively deposited during the Saalian (OIS 6), the Weichselian (OIS 4-3 and 2), and the Lateglacial (for the present floodplain). The sedimentation is cyclic : most of it occurs during fullglacial and lateglacial periods, with often a minor erosion at the beginning of lateglacial periods. The main erosion occurs during the warm-to-cold transitions
Nexer, Maëlle. "Etude conjointe des réseaux de drainage et des paléocôtes plioquaternaires soulevées : exemples de l’Indonésie et du golfe Normand Breton." Caen, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01258570.
Full textStudies dealing with drainage developed on paleoshorelines are scarce. To better our knowledge on evolution of these particular coastal landforms, we developed a morphometric analyse used in different settings. This method include the calculation of 15 morphometric indices extracted from relief, drainage network and the coast. Three areas have been studied in this way: Sumba Island (Indonesia), Huon Peninsula (Papua-New-Guinea) and the NW of Normandy (France). The two areas located in Asia have been chose to study the evolution of drainage network developed on sequences of coral reef terraces evidences of a wide range of uplift rates (0. 02 to 3. 4 mm/yr). There, the drainage evolution have been quantified by the analysis of eight morphometric indices then correlated to uplift rates. In the NW of Normandy (France), the sequence of marine terraces and rasas undergo low and constant uplift rates (~0. 06 mm/yr). The morphometric analysis of this coastal landform have been realised in order to better understand the mechanism which influence the degradation of these reliefs in a temperate climate. These local studies permit to better the knowledge on the studied sequences of fossil shoreline and the associated uplift rates. Finally, from these three studied areas, the chronology of the development of the neo-formed drainage on these zone newly, gained from the land have been established in different setting (climate, geology and tectonic)
Chapron, Emmanuel. "Contrôles climatique et sismo-tectonique de la sédimentation lacustre dans l'Avant Pays Alpin (Lac du Bourget) durant le quaternaire récent." Phd thesis, Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-285.pdf.
Full textBotsyun, Svetlana. "Modélisation de l'impact de l'évolution tectonique himalayennes et tibétaines sur le climat et les isotopes stable de l'oxygène au Cénozoïque." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV006/document.
Full textThe timing and rate of surface elevations of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau remain controversial and their impact on Asian climate and the onset of monsoon systems in this area is highly debated. Stable oxygen paleoaltimetry is considered to be a very efficient and widely applied technique, but has limitations from two sides: 1) the link between stable oxygen composition of precipitation and climate is not well established, 2) Cenozoic climate over Asia is poorly reconstructed. With a purpose of filling the gap in our knowledge of climate variability over Asia during the Cenozoic, we use the isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model LMDZ-iso to understand the links between the growth of mountains, associated climate changes and δ18O in paleo-precipitation. Our results show a significant influence of the Paratethys retreat, the latitudinal displacement of India and the height of the Tibetan Plateau on Asian hydrological cycle. For the purpose of understanding where and how the climatic changes linked with the growth of mountains affect δ18O in precipitation, we develop a theoretical expression for the precipitation composition based on the Rayleigh distillation and show that only 40% of sampled sites for paleoaltimetry depict signal attributed to topography changes. We conclude that the Himalayas may have attained their current elevation later than expected. Realistic Cenozoic boundary conditions allow us reconstructing δ18O in paleoprecipitation for several periods during the Cenozoic (for 55 Ma, 42 Ma, 30 Ma and 15 Ma). The focus has been put on the Eocene (42 Ma), since paleoelevation reconstructions are particularly controversial for this time. We show that Eocene precipitation δ18O is rather insensitive to topographic height in Asia. However, carbonate δ18O still records paleo-elevation because the fractionation between calcite and water is sensitive to temperature, which partly depends on altitude. Comparison of simulated Eocene δ18O patterns with data from the carbonate archives suggest that the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau did not reach present-day (> 3000 m) elevations during the Eocene
Souriot, Thierry. "Cinématique de l'extension post-pliocène en Afar : imagerie Spot et modélisation analogique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675835.
Full textKöng, Eléonore. "La mer Ionienne : évolution de l'activité sédimentaire au cours des derniers 400 000 ans dans un système en contexte tectonique convergent et influence de la sédimentation sur les propriétés géoacoustiques des fonds." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0348/document.
Full textThe Ionian Sea is an active geodynamic area because of the convergence between theNubia and the Eurasia plate. It corresponds to the last stage of the Tethys ocean life. Therefore,the tectonics and the sedimentation are much reduced; and the low sedimentary supply enables torecord a multiplicity of sedimentary processes. Nevertheless, this area still poorly studied from asedimentary point of view, in particular on timescales on the order of hundred thousand years.This work is based on a sedimentological study of marine archives supplemented by acoustic data(bathymetry and multibeam imagery) recovered during oceanographic campaign leaded by theSHOM. The detailed sedimentary analysis of facies and sequences allows, at first, to established acalendar of the natural hazard (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanism), their origins and theirdepositional processes into the basin over the last 330 000 years. Then, secondly, to reconstructthe evolution over the last 400 000 years of the circulation and the oxygenation of bottom waterthrough the Ionian basin and the influence of the strait of Sicily, in particular of the Malta Plateau,on the exchanges between the western and the eastern basins. The integration of thesedimentological data in a geoacoustic modelling developed by the SHOM finally allowed todetermine the impact of the sedimentary variability (special distribution, lithology, stratification)on the acoustic waves propagation for various frequency bands (300 Hz - 3000 Hz) and incidentangle (0 - 90°) and to established a mapping of the sedimentary answer of the acoustic signal
Caillat, Bernard. "Pathologie de quelques mammifères quaternaires de France métropolitaine : aspects et implications." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10610.
Full textChakroun, Amel. "Étude sédimentologique et paléontologique des affleurements du Quaternaire le long de la côte nord orientale de la Tunisie." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0761.
Full textQuaternary coastal deposits are well developed in North-eastern Tunisia. The finest exposures of these deposits are observed in the South-East of Cap Bon peninsula where two lithostratigraphic units were distinguished. A quartzous unit formed by a marine member, a paleosol and a dunal member. The biofacies of the quartzous unit base is basaicly characterized by the occurence of mollusks devoid of Strombus bubonius. The sea level lowstand records are limited to a paleosoils and an eolian sandstone depending mainly on climatic conditions. This unit is considered as the lateral equivalent of Khniss formation (Mahmoudi, 1986,1988) in central Tunisia and of the quartzous unit in southern Tunisia (Jedoui, 2000; 2002). The upper unit is more extensive and consists of shallow marine (shoreface, foreshore, backshore) and continental (colluvium, paleosol) deposits. It is formed at the base by a marine member rich in warm senegalese fauna particularly Strombus bubonius LAMARCK and a large content of oolites and peloids. This member is considered as the most laterally continuous and widespread quaternary marine episode along the actual coastline. It is localy overlain by discontinous reddish alluvial deposits (second member) interbedded between the marine member (second member) and the eolian member (third member). The fourth member corresponds to a calcret overlain by a paleosoil (fifth member) which bears abundant helix. The eolian member of the carbonate unit yields six species of big mammalia : Equus mauritanicus POMEL, Alcelaphus buselaphus PALLAS, Gazella atlantica BOURGUINAT, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, PALLAS, Cerathoterium simum BURCHELL and Hystrix cristata LINNE. This association of big mammalia fauna gathered in El Geffel cave (Qorba) indicates Late Pleistocene age and characterizes a dry climate period. During this period, grazer big mammalia had been developed in savannah type of vegetal cover and adapted to large open biotopes or particularly dry ones. The important voluminous production and accumulation of oolithes and pellets within carbonate sediments suggests that the coastal water of Cap Bon peninsula during this period was warmer than the present. This unit is the equivalent of the Rejiche formation (Paskoff et Sanlaville, 1976), Rejiche unit (Mahmoudi, 1986, 1988) and carbonate unit (Jedoui, 2000; 2002). Therefore, during the Isotopic Substage 5e, two main lithostratigraphic units can be distinguished in Cap Bon Penunsula. The observed petrographic differences between the carbonate unit and the quartzous unit can thus be explained by climate modification during Isotopic Substage 5e
Moïne-Vaziri, Hossein. "Volcanisme tertiaire et quaternaire en Iran." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112187.
Full textLachenal, Anne-Marie. "Ecologie des ostracodes du domaine méditerranéen : application au golfe de Gabès (Tunisie orientale) : les variations du niveau marin depuis 30 000 ans." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10037.
Full textEynaud, Fréderique. "Kystes de dinoflagelles et évolution paléoclimatique et paléohydrologique de l'Atlantique Nord au cours du dernier cycle climatique du Quaternaire." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10636.
Full textPons, Jean-Claude. "Génèse et répartition des produits détritiques dans un contexte volcano-sédimentaire tropical : exemple de la Martinique et de ses bassins adjacents." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10512.
Full textRenvoisé, Elodie. "Histoire des Arvicolinae (Mammalia, Rodentia) au cours des changements climatiques du Quaternaire : évolution phénotypique, génétique et développementale." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS011.
Full textArvicolinae, voles, lemmings and muskrats appeared in Europe and Asia 5-6 million years ago. An explosive radiation was registered for this sub-family around 2 My at the onset of the Quaternary glacial/interglacial cycles. Anterior studies have demonstrated that the dental phenotype of modern and fossil voles and the genetic structuring are potentially related to climate changes. Therefore, several questions can be asked: Are the phenotypic and genetic response link to climate variation? What is the influence of internal factors (development) in the vole radiation? Can the hypotheses on vole genetic structuring during Quaternary be confirmed by paleogenetic studies? Our studies were particularly focused on the common vole (Microtus arvalis). This species is currently widespread all over Europe and has been present in the fossil record for about 470 000 years. On Recent French populations of M. Arvalis, we have demonstrated that the morphological structuring of the first lower molar is significantly correlated with climate, in particular, to temperature. In addition, the genetic structuring of vole populations is significantly correlated with their geographical distribution, which also depends on climate. Developmental mechanisms can explain the molar organization inside the dental row. We have shown that each molar is a single developmental module, which reflects the underlying developmental mechanisms. Moreover, we have characterized the great elongation of the vole first lower molar by establishing a new developmental model. The evolution of dental development suggests that this elongation was unique and sudden in the vole radiation, at the onset of the upper Pliocene glacial cycles. Paleogenetic studies in small mammals is nowadays a true challenge as the DNA preservation potentialities over 12 000 years seems to be limited. We have highlighted that DNA of owl pellet mandibles is degraded during rapacious digestion. Consequently, we have hypothesized that this degradation, anterior to the fossilization in cave sites, might be responsible of the low preservation of DNA in small mammals. Thus, morphometry, modularity, Evo-Devo and paleogenetic studies can improve our knowledge in macro- and micro-evolution relationships involved in the radiation settings during past climate changes
El, Hamouti Najib. "Contribution à la reconstitution de la paléohydrologie et de la paléoclimatologie du Maghreb et du Sahara au Quaternaire supérieur à partir des diatomées." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112192.
Full textThis work attemps to reconstruct the evolution of the lacustrine palaeoenvironments in the Maghreb and the Sahara during the late Quaternary, by using diatoms. Two geographical sectors are investigated : the Middle Atlas (Morocco), and the Aïr (Niger). In the first part, the background of palaeoenvironmental recontructions based on diatoms are presented. Ecological data on the investigated species and assemblages encountered in the late Quaternary lacustrine sequences (lake Tigalmamine, Middle Atlas; Tin Ouaffadene and Adrar Bous, Aïr) are derived from modern regiôhal references, and/or from literature. The second part reconstitutes the lake Tigalmamine paleohydrology and paleoclimatology since 18 ka B. P. . The marginal and central cores analysis provides the major following conclusions: from 18 to 16. 3 ka B. P. Swampy, cool environments. From 16 to 9 ka B. P. A shallow, freshwater lake has experienced regression (swampy, cool environments)at about 12 ka B. P. . The reestablishment of stable humid conditions occurred at about 9-8. 5 ka B. P. . However brief regressions are registered around 7. 3-6. 8 ka and 3. 5 ka B. P. . The third part deals with the Tin Ouaffadene and Adrar Bous basins. A flood plain environment is recorded at Adrar Bous at about 88 ka B. P. . A shallow late Pleistocene lake (20-14 ka B. P. ?) is described in Tin Ouaffadene. Freshwater, eutrophic lakes occupied the two depressions from about 10 to 7. 5 ka B. P. . In conclusion, the. Reestablishment of generally humid conditions at the Holocene occured at about 9-8. 5 ka RP. In the Maghreb, and at about 10 ka B. P. In the Sahara
Argant, Jacqueline. "Analyses palynologiques de gisements quaternaires du bassin du Rhône." Lyon 1, 1988. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01950429/document.
Full textMa'alouleh, Kayed. "Paléo-océanographie et paléo-climatologie de la marge N-américaine de l'atlantique NW au néogène quaternaire : d'après l'étude des foraminifères des forages 76 et 93 du "Deep Sea Drilling Project"." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4088.
Full textAngue, Minto'o Charlie Morelle. "Enregistrements sédimentaires des changements climatiques et environnementaux pendant le quaternaire terminal sur la marge est-Corse." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1242.
Full textSituated in the northern part of Tyrrhenian sea (western Mediterranean), the East-Corsica margin is a small confined basin with a wide variety of sedimentary environments which are the focus of several studies. In order to reconstruct changes linked to paleo-climatic-oceanographic-environmental variations, in this margin, a multi-proxy analysis was made on late Quaternary sediments. This multi-proxy approach associates variation of benthic foraminifer and ostracod assemblages to oxygen and carbon isotopes, and to sedimentological data such as sortable silt and magnetic susceptibility. As a result, it has been shown that in the East-Corsica basin: 1/ the sedimentary transport is closely linked to climatic oscillations with a strong activation during cold intervals; 2/ the Levantine intermediate water circulation was intensified during Greenland stadials and Heinrich events. This leads to a bottom ventilation increase during these colds phases; 3/ bottom conditions were characterized by an establishment of eutrophic conditions during the sapropel deposition periods of eastern Mediterranean
Djennadi, Radia. "Sédimentation organo-minérale d'une tourbière d'altitude (site de Siberia, Bolivie) : marqueur des changements d'environnement au cours des derniers 13000 ans, implications paléo-climatiques." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2021.
Full textNara, Takashi. "Etude de la variabilité de certains caractères métriques et morphologiques des Néandertaliens." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10570.
Full textRouaud, Magali. "Évaluation de l'érosion quaternaire des remaniements de versant et de l'érosion en rigoles dans le terrefort toulousain." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30106.
Full textCourgeon, Simon. "Cenozoic evolution of isolated carbonate platforms from the Mozambique Channel (SW Indian Ocean) : development and controls in active geodynamic settings." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0333.
Full textAlthough the long-term evolution of shallow-water carbonate platforms has been the subject of numerous studies during the last decades, their driving processes and the potential interactions with geodynamic activity are still deeply debated. The Mozambique Channel, located between East Africa and Madagascar continental margins, is characterized by several isolated shallow-water carbonate platforms (the Eparses Islands) and by flat-top seamounts and terraces currently lying at several hundred meters deep. Based on a varied oceanographic dataset, including bathymetric-+ DEMs, submarine videos, dredged rock samples and multi-resolution seismic, our study revealed that the surrounding flat-top submarine edifices correspond to drowned isolated shallow-water carbonate platforms that originally settled on volcanic substrates during distinct Cenozoic periods. The major drowning events, which occurred during the Late Neogene, were seemingly triggered by high rates of accommodation creation induced by extensional tectonic and/or by environmental perturbations related to volcanic activity. In parallel, tectonic deformation and volcanic accretion also resulted in the formation of raised topographies that formed relevant substrates for the edification of modern carbonate platforms and atolls. The location, timing and nature of the Late Cenozoic geodynamic activity observed along the studied isolated carbonate platforms tend to emphasize the influence and the propagation of the East African Rift System until the southern Mozambique Channel and strengthen recent kinematic models
Trayssac, Jacques. "Evolution de l'atlas saharien oriental (Algérie) au cours du quaternaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10114.
Full textPascal, Frédéric. "Minéralogie, géochimie et dynamique sédimentaire des carbonates actuels et récents du bassin des Loyauté (Nouvelle-Calédonie, Pacifique sud-ouest)." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10069.
Full textBailon, Salvador. "Amphibiens et reptiles du pliocène et du Quaternaire de France et d'Espagne : mise en place et évolution des faunes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507285.
Full textDjubiantono, Tony. "Les derniers dépôts marins de la dépression de Solo (Java Central, Indonésie) : chronostratigraphie et paléogéographie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MNHN0003.
Full textBonifay, Denis. "Intéraction des accumulations terrigènes et océaniques dans le quaternaire moyen et supérieur des marges profondes du Gabon et de la ride médio-guinéenne." Perpignan, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PERP0073.
Full textDalabakis, Pascalis. "Le volcanisme récent de l'île de Kos (Grèce)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112473.
Full textThe calc-alcaline Quaternary volcanic episodes of Kos Island (South-east margin of Hellenic arc) are caracterized by explosive activity issued from two major vents. The first one, located in the actual gulf of Kefalos, has produced hydromagmatic explosions building up a tuff ring. This eruption of Kefalos has been followed by the formation of a circular collapse caldera of 2-3 km diameter. Post caldera activity is limited in the south-west margin of the caldera and is caracterized by thick pyroclastic surge deposits. The Mont Zini perlitic dome extrusion and a short avalanche of MERAPI type, issued from explosion on wholly solidified dome roof, are the last volcanic events in the Kefalos region. Numerous xenoliths, sampled during these explosive eruptions, can be used as illustration of the subsurface substratum lithology sequence. It consists of Oligocene-Miocene argileous limestones, Miocene welded ignimbrites, siltstones and pre-Quaternary interbedded lava flows. A hydrothermal alteration stage, evidenced by some of the xenoliths, results in clay minerals forming an impermeable cap in the bottom of the caldera and colmating by self-sealing, after the major Kefalos eruption, a hydrothermal low temperature draining system. The most recent volcanic event (0, 25 - 0, 14 M. A. ) that have occurred in Mediterranean area is one of the most powerful ignimbritic eruption. Deposits are phreatoplinian ash-falls, ground surges and ignimbritic flows that have moved above the open sea along 40 km. The xenoliths in the ignimbritic formations are belonging to the deep substratum of Kos (sedimentary and metamorphic) and also to younger plutonic granitic intrusions. The granitic plutons evolved in the presence of an important saline fluid phase from magmatic to retrograde subsurface conditions, according to a continuous dilution process during the coling
Long, Thierry. "Le quaternaire littoral du Rio Grande do Sul, témoin des quatre derniers épisodes eustatiques majeurs : géologie et évolution." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1A004.
Full textJouët, Gwenaël. "Enregistrements stratigraphiques des cycles climatiques et glacio-eustatiques du Quaternaire terminal : modélisations de la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion." Brest, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260930.
Full textEarth’s climate oscillated during the Late Quaternary and these variations influenced sedimentary records worldwide. However, the associated changes of global sea-level and of environmental factors are not precisely documented, neither are their stratigraphic signatures. The extensive geophysical and sedimentological investigations carried out in the Gulf of Lions (Western Mediterranean) since the 90’s allow us to explore the expanded sedimentary records preserved on this continental margin during the Late Quaternary. The combination of high sediment supply and significant subsidence favoured an almost continuous record, at the shelf edge, of sedimentary sequences linked to 100 kyr glacio-eustatic and climatic cycles. The Gulf of Lions is therefore an ideal area for calibration of climatic and sea-level variations from the continental margin architecture. First interpreted from seismic data, these sequences have been sampled and analysed by the EC-funded “Promess 1” drilling operation. This high resolution record of the last ca. 500 kyr provides a new detailed litho- and chrono-stratigraphic framework. It allows a revised high-resolution, tri-dimensional sequence stratigraphic analysis of the margin. It also reveals, from an ultra-high resolution multi-proxy analysis of the last glacial cycle (~130 kyr), the stratigraphic and sedimentary imprints of millennium-scale climatic events such as Heinrich events and the cooling Bond cycles. Finally, the quantitative numerical modelling of the last deglacial period evidences the influence of a very high sediment flux and co pulses of sea-level rises (driven by rapid climatic events) on the architecture of the deltaic system
Pannetier, William. "Enregistrement de l'eustatisme dans les sédiments quaternaires du bassin des Loyauté (Nouvelle-Calédonie, sud-ouest Pacifique)." Lyon 1, 1990. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01699845/document.
Full textMarzin, Eric. "Evaluation de la conservation du collagène d'ossements fossiles quaternaires : applications à la racémisation et à la biogéochimie." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10064.
Full textThis work concerns the fossil bone collagen extration, the evaluation of its conservation during diagenesis and the consequences of its degradation on amino acid racemization rates. We have developed different extraction processes in acidic medium followed by purification steps by dialysis carried out to varying cut-off. The carbon-nitrogen ratio, occasionally associated with global amino acids composition is using to determine the nature of the extracted proteins. These method does not give sufficient informations to accurately assess the cheminal modifications of collagen. We have shown that the systematic measurement of the hydroxyproline rate and the differential scanning microcalorimetry of fossil collagen give more informations. We demonstrate that high molecular weight fractions (superior to 3,500 daltons), considered as better preserved, could not be used on account of the low racemization rates obtained. A low molecular weight fraction (3,500 daltons to 10,000 daltons), which presents higler d l rates, seems to be more appropriated to carry on the racemization studies. At a given time, the respective ratio of these two fractions in fossil bones, modulates the racemization rate of the sample. We have to characterised the nature and mainly the cheminalm state of degradation of the collagen
Jacot, des Combes Hélène. "Reconstruction des variations paléocéanographiques et de la paléoproductivité dans l'océan Indien du nord-ouest durant les 300 000 dernières années : la réponse géochimique comparée à l'enregistrement biologique." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-413.pdf.
Full textArbouille, Didier. "La sédimentation de la plate-forme continentale Nord-Aquitaine au Quaternaire terminal : un exemple de système transgressif." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10564.
Full textNgueutchoua, Gabriel. "Etude des faciès et environnements sédimentaires du quaternaire supérieur du Plateau continental Camerounais." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0239.
Full textFagel, Nathalie. "Flux argileux du Néogène au Quaternaire dans l'Océan Indien nord : mise en évidence et interprétation." Lille, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10193.
Full textGuichard, Sophie. "Evolution de l'environnement dans la zone de l'upwelling mauritanien pendant les derniers 236 000 ans ; le témoignage de l'écosystème benthique." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10656.
Full textBen, Khelifa Leïla. "Diatomées continentales et paléomilieux du Sud-Tunisien (PALHYDAF site 1) au Quaternaire supérieur : approche statistique basée sur les diatomées et les milieux actuels." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112407.
Full textThis work attempts to reconstruct Late Quaternary environmental fluctuations in South Tunisia, by using continental diatoms. It is part of the PALHYDAF program (Paleohydrology in Africa) which aims to reconstruct palaeohydrological and palaeoclimatological fluctuations in NW Africa during the last 125 ka. In the first part, a tentative calibration of the physicochemical parameters of the waters is conducted on the basis of modern biotopes. The statistical analyses (AFC, ACP, cluster analyses) are applied to a set of 74 samples containing all together more than 600 taxa. Quantitative relationships between diatom assemblages and some ecological variables are shown (especially total salinity and chemical facies). A transfert function is established through regression calculations between total salinity and the distribution of flora. The second part presents the climatogical, geological and hydrological settings of the fossil sequences investigated, namely cores from wadi El Akarit, and cardium deposits of the great chotts. Fossil diatoms are analysed. About 60% of fossil taxa have been found in the modern references samples. A quantitative reconstruction of the paleoenvironments is proposed by: 1. Comparing fossil and modern assemblages. 2. Applying the transfert function for total salinity. In conclusions, results from diatom are in good agreement with those obtained from other environmental markers. Furthermore, diatom study allows the chemical fluctuations of the water to be quantified, and a detailed reconstruction of short term hydrological changes during the Holocene to be proposed
Le, Gall Olivier. "Ichtyophagie et pêches préhistoriques : quelques données de l'Europe occidentale." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10644.
Full textPouderoux, Hugo. "Sédimentation gravitaire et paléosismicité d’une marge active : exemple de la marge en subduction Hikurangi en Nouvelle-Zélande." Rennes 1, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755471.
Full textEarthquakes are known to trigger gravity flows and turbidites along continental margins. These deposits provide meaningful tools to establish long-term paleo-earthquake records. The detailed analysis of a series of sediment cores, collected strategically in three distinct sedimentary basins along the Hikurangi subduction margin of New Zealand, allows the characterisation of gravity flow sedimentation since 18,000 years, as well as the identification of the controlling parameters and the triggering mechanisms of turbidites. The sedimentary record is comprised of alternating lithofacies and depositional modes, namely hemipelagite (marine sedimentation), turbidites (turbidity currents), debrites (debris flows), and tephra (ash fall), which are controlled by margin morphology and glacio-eustatic fluctuations. Floods, volcanic eruptions and slope failures are the three triggering mechanisms of turbidites along the margin. More than 90% of them are triggered by slope failures from the upper slope (150-1,200 m deep) consecutively to earthquakes. The adaptation of empirical relationships to evaluate slope stability suggests that these turbidites are the sedimentary record of repetitive ruptures of three active faults, including the plate interface, and correspond to Mw≥7. 3 earthquakes occurring with a return time of 150±50 years. Amongst theses turbidites, 20 show a synchronicity of trigger across the entire margin and are more voluminous. They correspond to ruptures on the plate interface, which generate Mw7. 5-8. 4 earthquakes. Return times show a clustering of interface earthquakes with alternating active periods of low return time (305-610 years) and quiescence periods of high return time (1480-2650 years). Integrated to ongoing simulations, this earthquake calendar would provide new constraints to ascertain the seismic hazard
Ducassou, Emmanuelle. "Évolution du système turbiditique profond du Nil au cours du Quaternaire récent." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13263.
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