Books: 'Tee joints'

1

Li, Wei. Analysis of adhesive bonded tee joint by finite element method. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.

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2

Stockton-on-Tees (England). Social Services Department. Joint review of Stockton-on-Tees social services: Position statement. Stockton-on-Tees: Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council, 1999.

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3

Mun, Chun-jo. Hanʼguk kiŏp ŭi tae Chungguk habyŏng, hapchak tʻuja kyeyak e kwanhan silchŭngjŏk yŏnʼgu. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Hanʼguk Pŏpche Yŏnʼguwŏn, 1993.

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4

Ramberger, Günter. Structural bearings and expansion joints for bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed006.

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Bridge superstructures have to be designed to permit thermal and live load strains to occur without unintended restraints. Bridge bearings have to transfer forces from the superstructure to the substructure, allowing all movements in directions defined by the designer. The two functions -transfer the loads and allow movements only in the required directions for a long service time with little maintenance - are not so easy to fulfil. Different bearings for different purposes and requirements have been developed so, that the bridge designer can choose the most suitable bearing. By the movement of a bridge, gaps are necessary between superstructure and substructure. Expansion joints fill the gaps, allowing traffic loads tobe carried and allowing all expected displacements with low resistance. Expansion joints should provide a smooth transition, avoid noise emission as far as possible and withstand all mechanical actions and chemical attacks (de-icing) for a long time. A simple exchange of all wearing parts and of the entire expansion joint should be possible. The present volume provides a comprehensive survey of arrangement, construction and installation of bearings and expansion joints for bridges including calculation of bearing reactions and movements, analysis and design, inspection and maintenance. A long list of references deals with the subjects but also with aspects in the vicinity of bearings and expansion joints. This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of bridge design, construction, analysis, inspection, maintenance and repair.

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5

Novak, Skip. Fazisi: The joint venture. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1990.

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6

Poxton, Richard. Joint approaches for a better old age: Developing services through joint commissioning. London: King's Fund, 1996.

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7

Landau, Elaine. The Boston Tea Party: Would you join the Revolution? Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Elementary, an imprint of Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2014.

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8

1943-, Hura Myron, Young Thomas-Durell, and Arroyo Center. Strategy, Doctrine, and Resources Program, eds. Enhancing Army Joint Force headquarters capabilities. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Arroyo Center, 2010.

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9

Lee, Spike. Do the right thing: A Spike Lee joint. New York, N.Y: Fireside, 1989.

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10

Merete, Brattström, ed. Joint protection and rehabilitation in chronic rheumatic disorders. (London): Wolfe Medical, 1987.

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11

Minnesota. Joint Legal Services Access and Funding Committee. Report of the Joint Legal Services Access and Funding Committee. [Minnesota: s.n., 1995.

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12

Wyoming Access to Justice Commission. Indigent Civil Legal Services Program: Report to the Wyoming Legislature Joint Appropriations Interim Committee & Joint Judiciary Interim Committee. Cheyenne, Wyo: Wyoming Supreme Court?, 2010.

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13

The Analysis and Design of Tee-Joints for Composite Hull Structures. Storming Media, 1997.

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14

Strange, Joanne. Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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15

Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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16

Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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17

Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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18

Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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19

Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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20

Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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21

Strange, Joanne. Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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22

Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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23

Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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24

Teen Stories (Penguin Joint Venture Readers). Longman, 2000.

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25

Watson, Pippa. Joint pain. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0062.

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When a patient complains of pain confined to a joint or joints, they are said to have arthralgia. If, in addition, there is swelling of the joint, tenderness of the joint line to palpation, and limitation of movement, the patient is said to have an arthritis. It is important to establish if an arthritis is inflammatory or non-inflammatory, as this affects the differential diagnosis. Soft tissue swelling of the joint, the presence of a joint effusion, increased temperature of the joint, erythema of overlying skin, and early morning stiffness of at least 30 minutes duration are signs of an inflammatory arthritis.

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26

Council, Cleveland (England), Hartlepool (England) Borough Council, Lanbaurgh on Tees (England). Borough Council., Middlesbrough (England) Borough Council, and Stockton on Tees (England). Borough Council., eds. Tees Health Joint Administration community care plan. Cleveland: County Council, 1993.

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27

Wiffen, Philip, Marc Mitchell, Melanie Snelling, and Nicola Stoner. Therapy-related issues: musculoskeletal diseases. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199603640.003.0025.

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Rheumatoid arthritis 548Gout 556Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease which causes joints lined with synovium to become inflamed, swollen, stiff, and painful, and leads to joint erosion. It is a multisystem disorder which can affect many organs including the eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. The aim of treatment is to decrease pain and inflammation, prevent joint damage, and ultimately induce remission of disease....

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28

Schwartz, Samantha. Boba Tea Recipes: Join the Bubble Tea Revolution. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.

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29

Schwartz, Samantha. Boba Tea Recipes: Join the Bubble Tea Revolution. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.

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30

Wyatt, Laura A., and Michael Doherty. Morphological aspects of pathology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0003.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the commonest condition to affect synovial joints, but although any synovial joint can be affected, most studies of pathology relate to large joints (knees and hips). OA involves the whole joint and pathological alterations typically occur in all joint tissues. Established OA is characterized by a mixture of tissue loss and new tissue production resulting in focal loss of articular hyaline cartilage together with bone remodelling and osteophyte formation. Articular cartilage may show increased thickness in the earliest stages of OA with increased numbers of hypertrophic chondrocytes, followed by progressive decline in matrix components, thickness, and chondrocyte number. Surface fibrillation and vertical clefts become evident in mid- to end-stage OA and eventual complete loss of cartilage can occur, predominantly in maximum load-bearing regions, with subsequent eburnation and furrowing of bone. Bone remodelling may lead to alteration of bone shape and variable trabecular thickness in subchondral bone, whilst subchondral microfractures may result in localized osteonecrosis, fibrosis, and ‘cysts’. Endochondral ossification of new fibrocartilage produced predominantly at the joint margin produces characteristic bony osteophytes. The synovium shows areas of hyperplasia with varying amounts of lymphocyte aggregates and inclusion of osteochondral ‘loose’ bodies, and the outer fibrous capsule thickens to help stabilize the compromised joint. Synovial fluid increases in volume but decreases in viscosity. Periarticular changes include type II muscle atrophy and enthesophytes.

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31

Rust, Philippa, Meg Birks, and David Warwick. Osteoarthritis of the hand. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0009.

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The small joints of the hand are vulnerable to osteoarthritis, usually spontaneous but sometimes following trauma or infection. Nodular arthritis and arthritis in the thumb CMC has a benign natural history and most might get a little stiff but pain usually settles and function is good. Precipitous surgical intervention is inappropriate; time, reassurance, occupational therapy, splints, analgesics, and occasionally steroids should always be tried. The choice of surgical treatment depends on the functional needs of the joint—the little and ring fingers need flexibility for grip whereas the index and thumb require stability for pinch. Options include fusion (e.g. thumb metacarpophalangeal joint), excision arthroplasty (e.g. thumb base) and joint replacement (e.g. finger metacarpophalangeal joint)

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32

Bodor, Marko, Sean Colio, and Andrew Toy. Ankle and Foot Injections: Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0042.

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Ultrasonography can be highly useful in diagnosing and treating common musculoskeletal conditions affecting the foot and ankle, ranging from plantar fasciitis to osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe, as well as uncommon ones such as impingement of a tendon or nerve by fixation screw. One of the greatest advantages of ultrasonography is its high resolution for muscle, tendon, nerve, and bony surfaces and the opportunity to simultaneously identify, image, and evaluate tender structures. It can be used in a clinic setting and in the presence of metallic hardware. The short-axis injection approach is best for superficial, vertically oriented joints such as the cuneiform-metatarsal joints, whereas the long-axis approach is best for relatively deeper structures such as the tibiotalar joint and when it is important that the needle be visualized at all times, such as when performing a tibial nerve block.

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33

Hayashi, Daichi, Ali Guermazi, and Frank W. Roemer. Radiography and computed tomography imaging of osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0016.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder in the elderly worldwide and there is still no effective treatment, other than joint arthroplasty for end-stage OA, despite ongoing research efforts. Imaging is essential for assessing structural joint damage and disease progression. Radiography is the most widely used first-line imaging modality for structural OA evaluation. Its inherent limitations should be noted including lack of ability to directly visualize most OA-related pathological features in and around the joint, lack of sensitivity to longitudinal change and missing specificity of joint space narrowing, and technical difficulties regarding reproducibility of positioning of the joints in longitudinal studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely applied in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Computed tomography (CT) is an important additional tool that offers insight into high-resolution bony anatomical details and allows three-dimensional post-processing of imaging data, which is of particular importance for orthopaedic surgery planning. However, its major disadvantage is limitations in the assessment of soft tissue structures compared to MRI. CT arthrography can be useful in evaluation of focal cartilage defects or meniscal tears; however, its applicability may be limited due to its invasive nature. This chapter describes the roles and limitations of both conventional radiography and CT, including CT arthrography, in clinical practice and OA research. The emphasis is on OA of the knee, but other joints are also mentioned where appropriate.

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34

Young, Brian A., Phillip S. Sizer, and Miles Day. Thoracic Facet Dysfunction/Costotransverse Joint Pathology. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0010.

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The thoracic facet and costotransverse joints are often implicated as the source of thoracic pain, yet definitive diagnostic and treatment guidance is significantly limited. This chapter reviews the anatomy, innervation, and biomechanics of these joints, as well as associated pathology. Definitive innervation of the posterior primary rami has yet to be established, and significant pain pattern overlap between the thoracic facet joint, costotransverse joints, and visceral referral patterns, as well as the limitations of current biomechanics, challenge the clinician’s ability to examine pain of suspected thoracic origin. The use of clinical reasoning in the absence of definitive diagnostic and treatment approaches is necessary to optimize outcomes in patients with pain of suspected thoracic musculoskeletal origin. A progression from noninvasive to minimally invasive to interventional techniques may be warranted based on the patient’s response to treatment.

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35

Pap, Thomas, Adelheid Korb, Marianne Heitzmann, and Jessica Bertrand. Joint biochemistry. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0056.

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Synovial joints are composed of different morphological structures that have their distinct cellular and biochemical properties. Articular cartilage and synovial membrane are key components of synovial joints and show a number of peculiarities that makes them different from other tissues in our body. An in-depth knowledge of these structural and biochemical peculiarities is not only important for understanding key features of articular function but also provides explanations for important characteristics of both degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases. This chapter reviews the structure and biochemical composition of cartilage and synovium and points to important links between physiology and pathological conditions, particularly arthritis.

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36

Rios, Susan. Join Me for Tea Invitations. Harvest House Publishers, 2002.

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37

Woodfine, Dr David. Join Me for Afternoon Tea. Hilliard Press, 2015.

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38

Merino, Esperanza, and Eliseo Pascual. Brucellar arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0104.

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Joint infection is the most common local complication of brucellosis and is a frequent cause of infectious arthritis in endemic areas. Brucellosis is prevalent in countries of the Mediterranean basin, the Near East, South America, and possibly sub-Saharan Africa. Brucella melitensis and B. abortus are the most common species. Arthralgia occurs in 70% of patients with brucellosis, Large peripheral joints are a common site of localized infection. The sacroiliac joint is frequently involved (30–75%) in recent series. First-line treatment is with doxycycline combined with either streptomycin or gentamycin.

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39

Kloppenburg, Margreet. Clinical assessment: signs, symptoms, and patient perceptions in osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0015.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder that can affect any joint. It results in a high clinical burden in many patients. Patients with OA experience a wide range of symptoms and clinical signs such as pain, disability, stiffness, tenderness, crepitus, and decreased mobility and strength in their osteoarthritic joints, where the impact depends on the involved joint. Also general symptoms such as fatigue and psychosocial consequences are experienced by OA patients. The impact of symptoms and signs does not only depend on osteoarthritic abnormalities, but also on patient factors, such as coping strategies and illness perceptions, and co-morbidities. In this chapter, general and joint-specific symptoms and signs as well as the impact of patient factors are discussed.

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40

Jordan, Joanne M., Kelli D. Allen, and Leigh F. Callahan. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in osteoarthritis and its outcomes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0010.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint condition worldwide. It can impair mobility and result in significant disability, need for total joint replacement, and healthcare utilization. OA is unusual in those younger than 40 years, then commonly the result of an underlying metabolic disorder or a prior joint injury. Some geographic and racial/ethnic variation exists in the prevalence and incidence of OA for specific joints, likely due to variation in genetics, anatomy, and environmental exposures. Many OA outcomes vary by socioeconomic status and other social factors. This chapter describes demographic and social determinants of knee, hip, and hand OA, including how these factors impact radiographic and symptomatic OA, OA-related pain and function, and its treatment.

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41

Amin, Sandeep. Cervical Facet Dysfunction. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0005.

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Cervical facet dysfunction poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in patients with axial neck pain due to either degenerative changes or whiplash injuries as it presents with a paucity of diagnostic radiologic or examination findings. The specific orientation of the cervical facet joints renders them particularly vulnerable to whiplash injury. This chapter examines the clinically relevant anatomy with nuances unique to the cervical spine, etiology of the structural changes, diagnostic tools, and treatment of cervical facet dysfunction. Understanding the relevant anatomy and referral patterns of cervical facet joints allows for more targeted diagnosis and treatment. There are strong evidence-based options in the treatment of cervical facet joint dysfunction.

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42

Potter, David. Acromioclavicular joint. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.004010.

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♦ The acromioclavicular joint is the sole skeletal connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton, providing strength and stability to the shoulder♦ The acromioclavicular joint is one of the most commonly injured joints of the body♦ Arthropathy of the joint is often associated with contact sport or heavy manual work♦ Treatment of arthropathy can either be by activity modification, steroid injection or surgery♦ Surgery involves removing the distal end of the clavicle♦ Dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint are common injuries, most often due to a fall landing directly on the tip of the shoulder♦ Dislocations are classified into six grades (I to VI), grades I and II are treated non-surgically, grades IV-VI are treated surgically♦ Numerous surgical options are available for treatment of acute and chronic dislocations

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43

Hughes, Jim. Orthopaedics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813170.003.0008.

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This chapter covers the basic approaches and techniques used in orthopaedic surgery, including the insertion and positioning of hardware and fixators, closed and open techniques (including manipulation under anaesthetic), and the typical imaging requirements for these. The discussion includes elective and trauma cases, as well as emergency procedures that may be performed out of regular working hours. They generally involve either repair to the skeleton and joints after injury (e.g. resiting a dislocated joint or aligning and supporting a fractured long bone) or alterations (such as fusion or replacement of a damaged joint or lengthening of a bone with a growth defect).

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44

Keenan, Robert T., Sneha Pai, and Naomi Schlesinger. Imaging of gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0043.

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Gout is a systemic metabolic disease. The enzyme urate oxidase (uricase) that catalyses the oxidation of uric acid to the more soluble compound allantoin is inactive in humans. This may lead to hyperuricaemia. Hyperuricaemia is often present for many years prior to clinical signs of gout. Acute attacks occur as a result of an inflammatory response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition leading to intense pain and inflammation in the affected joints. Uncontrolled hyperuricaemia and resultant gout can evolve into a destructive arthritis. Imaging may be helpful in the diagnosis of gout as well as in monitoring the response to gout treatment. Plain X-rays are widely used for joint imaging in patients with gout. However, plain X-rays of joints affected by gout are frequently normal, especially early in the disease. In these cases, advanced imaging modalities may be useful. Advanced imaging can help evaluate inflammation, structural joint changes, and magnitude of tophaceous deposits. Advanced imaging modalities include computed tomography (CT), dual-energy CT (DECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US). CT may be most suitable to evaluate bone changes in gouty joints and DECT to evaluate tophaceous deposits. MRI may best evaluate soft tissues and Inflammation. US is useful during patients’ visits to the rheumatologist and allows evaluation of cartilage, soft tissues, synovium, and tophaceous deposits. This chapter reviews imaging modalities used in gout patients and discusses their application in the diagnosis and management of gout.

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45

Jamison, David, Indy Wilkinson, and Steven P. Cohen. Facet Joint Interventions: Fluoroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0019.

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This chapter reviews the diagnosis and treatment of facet joint pain. Fluoroscopic guidance is commonly used to optimize treatment outcomes. The only reliable way to identify a painful facet joint is with image-guided blockade of either the medial branch innervating the joint or the joint itself. Although computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound have been shown to provide reliable landmarks for accurate needle placement, these modalities have limitations. The risks of CT include increased radiation exposure, cost, and an inability to perform real-time contrast injection. While ultrasound provides a convenient and inexpensive way to anesthetize the facet joints or medial branch nerves innervating them, it is unreliable in obese patients, is not as sensitive for detecting intravascular uptake as digital substraction or real-time contrast injection under fluoroscopy, and cannot be reliably used to place an electrode parallel to the course of the nerve, which has been shown to enhance lesion size.

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46

Edwards, Chris, and David Warwick. Rheumatology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0012.

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A number of rheumatological diseases are manifest in the hand and wrist. Many are associated with considerable systemic inflammation. This produces chronic ill-health, poor wound healing, and osteoporosis. Attempts to eliminate inflammation at the earliest opportunity are vital. Multiple involved joints with high acute phase markers (CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate raised) and early morning stiffness are key features. Multi-disciplinary management, involving the rheumatologist and hand therapist is essential. With improving medical management, surgical problems are becoming far less common. Typical conditions include metacarpophalangeal joint malalignment (ulnar drift, sagittal band subluxation), spontaneous arthrodesis, tenosynovitis, tendon rupture, and proximal interphalangeal joint imbalance (swan neck and boutonnière deformity).

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47

Vydyanathan, Amaresh, Karina Gritsenko, Samer N. Narouze, and Allan L. Brook. Cervical Intra-Articular Facet Injection: Computed Tomography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0009.

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Intra-articular facet joint injections commonly refer to the injection of a contrast media and local anesthetic solution, with or without corticosteroids, directly into the facet joint space. The purpose of this procedure is pain relief as well as to establish an etiological diagnosis for surgical interventions such as joint denervation or radiofrequency ablation. Medial branch block, or facet nerve block, refers to injection of local anesthetic and possible corticosteroids along the medial branch nerve supplying the facet joints. Cervical intra-articular and facet nerve block injections are often part of a work-up for general or focal neck pain, headaches, or cervical muscle spasms. There is limited evidence for short- and long-term pain relief with cervical intra-articular facet joint injections. Cervical medial branch nerve blocks with local anesthetics demonstrate moderate evidence for short- and long-term pain relief with repeat interventions, and strong evidence exists for long-term pain relief following cervical radiofrequency neurotomy.

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48

Jansen, Tim L. Clinical presentation of gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0041.

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Gout most typically presents as an acute monoarthritis in characteristic joints (first metatarsophalangeal joint, midfoot and ankle). These acute inflammatory attacks are accompanied by severe pain, swelling, and commonly by erythema over the affected joint. Such attacks are often incapacitating and fully develop within 12 hours resulting in a level of approximately 80% of maximum pain. Such attacks may resolve shortly during the first few gout attacks, but after having had more attacks they may take more than 5 days to resolve. In some patients with persistent hyperuricaemia, tophaceous disease with chronic gouty arthropathy may also occur. In this chapter, characteristics of such a clinical presentation are described.

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49

Peng, Philip W. H. Shoulder Injections: Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0043.

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This chapter reviews the anatomy and ultrasound-guided techniques of various shoulder injections, including the glenohumeral joints, subacromial subdeltoid bursa, long head of biceps, and acromioclavicular joint. Ultrasonography is a very useful tool allowing accurate localization of the various target structures for shoulder injections and real-time guidance of the needle insertion. A good understanding of the anatomy and sonoanatomy is of paramount importance in performing the ultrasound-guided injections.

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50

Mallon, William J. M., N. M. D. Stover Cornelius, and R. M. D. McCarroll John. Feeling Up to Par: Medicine from Tee to Green. F. A. Davis Company, 1994.

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Books on the topic 'Tee joints'

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