Journal articles on the topic 'Teenagers – Health and hygiene – Guam'

Informatio relates to reproductive health from parents and schools is not enough. It was obtaind that teenagers has lack knowledge of reproductive health about personal hygiene. A preliminary study of 10 teenage girls found that 6 teenage girls had less personal hygiene measures. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge about reproductive organs treatment with personal hygiene actions in teenagers in SMP 2 Socah. The method used in this study was analytical with cross sectional approach. The population was 32 girls and the sample was 30 girls in class VII and VIII in SMP 2 Socah. The sampling technique used is Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. The independent variable knowledge of reproductive organ care, and the dependent variable of personal hygiene action. The research instrument used questionnaire, then tested with Pearson statistical test with α = 0,05. The results showed that girls of grade VII and VIII mostly had sufficient knowledge about reproductive organ care (53%), while half of the girls were taking enough and less hygiene action (50%). Pearson statistical test results obtained ρ value 0.001 <α 0.05 means Ho rejected there was a relationship between knowledge about reproductive organs treatment and personal hygiene actions teenagers in SMP 2 Socah. Efforts are used to improve knowledge about reproductive organ care by giving counseling as well as expected teenagers add information about reproduction organ care by accessing information from various source in order to prevent the happening of problem at reproduction organ

Caries has a negative influence on health and is still a public health problem among children and adolescents in Poland. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of dietary habits, oral hygiene behaviors and the frequency of usage of dental services with the dental caries index in teenagers in North-West Poland. The study enrolled 264 children (147M/117F) aged 15. Participants filled out a questionnaire regarding age, sex, frequency of visits to the dentist, dietary habits and oral hygiene behaviors, and the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) was calculated. Caries was found in 88.6% of subjects. The lower or no caries experience group (DMFT ≤ 5) comprised of 180 subjects, while higher caries experience (DMFT > 5) was found in 84 teenagers and was significantly inversely associated with tooth brushing after the last meal (OR = 0.45; 95% CI:0.21–0.97; p = 0.04) and the daily use of dental floss (OR = 0.12; 95% CI:0.01–0.92; p = 0.04). There is an emerging need for the implementation of effective caries prevention and recovery programs in Poland. Health promotion focusing on oral hygiene behaviors should be disseminated more widely because lower caries experience was demonstrated in teenagers declaring healthy oral habits. Another important need is the development of multi-sectorial actions aiming at the improvement of dietary habits.

Background : One of the problems that must be considered by young women is their reproductive health. It is very important to inform young women about the menstrual process knowledge so that they will be able to maintain personal hygiene. Lack of knowledge about personal hygiene can increase the risk of infection. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge of young girls and personal hygiene behavior. Method : The research method used was an analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. Conducted at SMPN 036 Batam City, the study was conducted for 6 months, the population in this study were all 270 students of SMPN 036 class VIII, with a total sample of 162, the sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling technique with research instruments using a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi square. Result :The results of the study were obtained from 162 respondents, the majority of respondents had good knowledge of 110 people (68%), and good personal hygiene behavior as many as 152 people (94%). Chi-square statistical test obtained p-value = 0.008 <0.05, conclusion : that there is a significant relationship between the knowledge of uterine adolescents with personal hygiene behavior at SMPN 036 Batam City. Advice for teenagers to maintain personal hygiene behavior.

Abstract Purpose: Oral health has a profound impact on the health of adolescents. The aim of the present study was to obtain information on habits, knowledge and oral hygiene attitudes of Portuguese teenagers and to study the gender differences concerning these issues. Methods: A total of 1203 adolescents participated in the study (55.8% females; mean age, 14.9 years). To recruit participants, a national network of community dental hygienists, working in the health centers, was created, and adolescents were contacted at the schools. A questionnaire was applied in the classroom, during school hours, under supervision of one researcher and the classroom teacher, after collection of informed consent forms. Results: Portuguese adolescents do not seem to have dental fear but have some anxiety when at the dental office; girls are more anxious than boys. Girls are also more concerned with esthetics and aware of dental problems and care about oral health of family and friends. Parental supervision is more relevant for boys in order to obtain better compliance with dental care; however, 97.2% of the adolescents do not consider maintaining teeth throughout the lifetime as relevant. Conclusion: Teenagers recognize dental professionals as educators and oral health as relevant in their lives. It is possible to assume that gender has an influence on adolescent’s habits, behavior and attitudes regarding oral hygiene. There is a difference between boys and girls concerning their habits, knowledge and attitudes in dental hygiene; this difference may show the need to create different strategies for oral health promotion for these two groups of adolescents.

Nowadays there is a sharp increase of population with disabilities. The aim of this investigation was a) to survey the dental health status, estimate the treatment requirements of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, mental retardation and visual disorders and b) to compare the oral health status of these groups of individuals. The investigation entailed the clinical examination of 170 individuals, between 6 and 15 years old, who were attending four special schools in Athens, Greece. In conclusion, our investigation documented the following: The treatment needs regarding both dentitions are extremely high in all groups of individuals. The oral hygiene status is in general, moderate to low-grade, especially in the individuals with mental retardation. The highest rate of malocclusion is observed in the group of individuals with cerebral palsy.

Relevance. Forming of dental health of child population is one of the key problems of stomatology at the modern stage. Purpose. To determine the efficiency of comprehensive prevention and treatment measures on dental status of teenagers being at different stages of orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods. 68 children at the age of 15 with pathology of dentoalveolar system being at the preparation stage and at the beginning stages of the orthodontic treatment were examined. The first group included 22 patients with abnormalities of soft tissue at the surgical preparation stage; 19 patients of the second group had accompanying hearing and speech impairments in need of orthodontic treatment at the therapeutic preparation; 27 patients of the third group were at the beginning stages of orthodontic treatment with integral technique. Intensity and the rate of tooth decay intensity, indexes Silness-Loe, РМА (C. Parma, 1960), SBI, physicochemical properties of saliva (secretion speed, saliva surface tension, pH potential) as well and Tooth-Enamel Resistance test were defined. Results. Children of 15 years old with pathology of dentition system displayed high degree of decay intensity 0,63 ± 0,05, low degree of oral hygiene (1,861 ± 0,102 points by Silness-Loe, PI index), mild degree of gingivitis by РМА index 14,22 ± 1,18% and increase degree of bleeding (SBI 0,111 ± 0,0083 points) on the background of changing of rheological properties of saliva (secretion speed, saliva surface tension) and its pH potential 6,62 ± 0,076. The efficiency of use of parodontax line of hygiene products was studied. Conclusions. The usage of the complex of prevention and treatment measures with inclusion of parodontax toothpastes and the mouth rinses at different stages of orthodontic treatment of the teenagers normalizes hygienic condition of cavity, stabilizes parodontal indexes on the background of reliable shift of saliva pH to alkaline side and rheological characteristics of saliva.

Personal hygiene during menstruation is an action to maintain health and hygiene in female genital areas during menstruation. Based on data compiled from the Central Statistics Agency and the National Development Planning Agency in 2010, 63 million female adolescents in Indonesia paid less attention to the hygiene of their reproductive organs when menstruating. Furthermore, infectious disease incidence that occurred in adolescents’ reproductive tract (10-18 years) was about 42%. This research purposed to describe personal hygiene behavior during menstruation in female students of class VIII SMPN 13 Kupang. The research was a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The number of samples was 63 female students of class VIII SMPN 13 Kupang taken by the simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a good level of knowledge (85,71%) and a positive attitude (80,95%) towards personal hygiene behavior during menstruation. However, most respondents had poor personal hygiene during menstruation (53,96%). Schools need to provide more references on adolescent reproductive health, especially personal hygiene during menstruation, for school teenagers. Keywords: menstruation; personal hygiene; behavior

Personal hygiene in menstruation is also very important because it can trigger vaginal discharge. Leucorrhoea usually occurs due to unbalanced vagina PH (hydrogen potential). Inappropriate personal hygiene behavior in menstruation is not only done by teenagers who do not understand reproductive health, but health students have less personal hygiene behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of personal hyegiene behavior during menstruation with Genetalia pH in Health Students. The research used is descriptive correlation with cross sectional design using purposive sampling of 82 samples conducted in July - September 2019 at the Muhammadiyah Pringsewu University Dermatory. Research Results The majority of personal hygiene behavior is sufficient for 44 respondents (53.7%), genetalia pH is mostly normal as many as 50 respondents (61%) and the results of the Spearman rho correlation test obtained a p value of 0.000. Based on these results, the importance of education on personal hygiene during menstruation is carried out before or immediately after menstruation for young women and the importance of providing repeated education on personal hygiene for adolescents living in dormitories.

Background and objectives: The primary oral disease during adolescence is dental caries. Less is known about the caries prevalence, oral health behavior, and sweets nutritional habits in Romanian adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the actual caries prevalence among Romanian adolescents in a representative area of Romania, Cluj, and to correlate with oral hygiene behaviors and dietary sugary foods intake. Materials and methods: We have done a cross-sectional study of 650 adolescents aged 10 to 19-years-old (average age 15.3 ± 2.8). We performed the oral dental examination according to the WHO methodology, calculated the number of decayed, missing (due to caries), and filled teeth (DMFT index), assessed the oral hygiene and dietary behaviors using a two-section valid questionnaire and statistically analyzed the interrelation between DMFT, oral hygiene and eating behaviors by multivariate statistical analysis. Results: (a) The caries prevalence in the adolescent population enrolled in the study was 95.5%; (b) the mean DMFT was 3.13 ± 2.0, without significant differences between the urban and rural adolescents (p = 0.253); lower in females than males (p < 0.050), (c) more than one third (33.7%, n = 219) of teenagers are seldom or never brush their teeth in the evening; (c) 40.6% of adolescents are missing the regular annual dental check-ups leading to an increased DMFT as shown in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.038); and (d) there is an increased prevalence of caries with age (p = 0.020), and with sugary sweetened beverages consumption (p = 0.028). Conclusions: Our study evidenced a persistent high caries prevalence in Romanian teenagers. Their dietary habits and irregular dental check-up were associated with the occurrence of dental conditions.

AbstractBackground: Despite the scarcity of studies regarding periodontal disease in young patients (teenagers and young adults), it seems that this disorder is also affecting the young population. Risk factors for periodontal disease include older age, chronic tobacco use, male gender, habits regarding oral hygiene, educational status, ethnicity, and financial status.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal health among adolescents in two high schools in Târgu Mureș that had dental practices.Material and Methods: An online questionnaire consisting of 16 questions was distributed among high schoolers of Târgu Mureș. Data about personal characteristics, oral hygiene habits, family history of periodontal disease, risk factors for periodontal disease, and symptoms of periodontal disease observed by the respondents were collected and analyzed.Results: Out of the 501 teenagers who responded to the online questionnaire, 114 (22.8%) were 18 years old and were mostly females (88.2%). Regarding oral hygiene habits, 75.8% prefer a manual toothbrush over an electric toothbrush, 66.7% brush their teeth twice a day, and 54.1% practice a horizontal method of toothbrushing. Mouthwash was the most used oral hygiene aid (58.3%). Family history of periodontal disease was observed in 21.9% of respondents. As favoring factors, nicotine addiction (23.8%), bruxism (24.4%), interposition of various objects between teeth (48.3%), past or present orthodontic treatments (38.7%) were recorded. Symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis, such as gingival bleeding (81.4%), redness of gingiva (39.3%), increased gingival volume (44.5%), gingival retraction (22.8%), and halitosis (81%), were present in the responding teenagers.Conclusions: In this study, periodontal disease was affecting mostly adolescent females who are practicing inappropriate methods of toothbrushing with inadequate frequency.

Official medical statistics and special studies indicate an increase in the prevalence of mental illness among all age groups, and there are high rates of teenage suicides. The aim of the study is to investigate the mental health of adolescents studying in various educational institutions. The object of the study was 100 girls and 100 young men aged 15-18 years training in general education schools and colleges. The study used sociological, clinical, follow-up and statistical methods. Various forms of mental disorders were detected in 67.5% of the examined. A significant part (36%) of them were made up of pre-illnesses, 16% of them were neurotic responses, 20% were pathological responses. Actually, neuroses were detected in 20% of the subjects. According to the structure of neurotic states, states of dysmorphomanic and depressive type were a significant proportion of them. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of mental pathology between girls and boys. In adolescents training in colleges, the prevalence of mental disorders was found to be of 82% appeared to be more than in teenagers training in schools (53%) due to responses of pathological character. Adolescents without mental disorders are more likely to exercise for 60 minutes less or more than 3 times a week, have a more long night’s sleep, spend less time on gadgets, spend more time less than 3 hours and less often - more than 3 hours. These factors can be considered as risk factors for the development of mental distress. Pathological character and accented personal characteristics are the most important predictors of mental disorders, based of they, there are formed risk groups, which should be in the sphere of attention of medical and pedagogical workers of educational organizations. A retrospective analysis of the prevalence of mental pathology in the historical interval of 15 years shows a decrease in the frequency of the neurotic response due to an increase in the proportion of neuroses in modern adolescents and an increase in the prevalence of pathocharacterological responses in them. It can be considered as risk factors for the development of mental distress. Preventive measures should be carried out by doctors, paramedics, nurses in medical aid departments.

Health care and hygiene are things that are widely discussed in the community. For teenagers this is considered not important because they do not know the impact that will be caused if this is not done properly, especially during menstruation. While during menstruation issued not only blood cells but also epithelial cells of the uterine wall. In the world, the incidence of reproductive infections is around 2.3 million per year, mostly teenagers. According to the percentage of schools with the third highest number of students found in SMP N 19 Jambi City, with a target number of VIII grade students of 138 students. This study aims to determine the description of knowledge and attitudes of young women towards personal hygiene during menstruation at SMP N 19 Jambi City in 2018. The population in this study was VIII grade students totaling 138 female students. The number of samples is 58 students taken randomly using simple random sampling technique. This study uses univariate analysis to describe the frequency distribution table of the studied variables. The results of data analysis showed that respondents who had poor knowledge were 38 respondents (65.5%), and respondents with negative attitudes were 32 respondents (55.2%). It is hoped that in future schools will pay more attention to the knowledge of students about adolescent reproductive health by providing reading books and occasionally working with the nearest health center to conduct counseling.

The obligation to maintain health and hygiene related to menstruation is almost ignored by many people. Many factors that cause it, can be due to ignorance or due to lack of education from schools and parents. Many girls do not have a proper understanding that their menstruation is a normal biological process and they only know it at menarche. Insufficient knowledge about menstruation, menstrual cycle and Menstrual Hygiene Management (MKM) during menstruation can result in problems during menstruation such as dysmenorrhea, pelvic muscle cramps. This community service was carried out at the SMP N 5 Jambi City, with the aim that students could understand how to maintain cleanliness during menstruation. so that adolescents will be free from diseases, especially those related to reproductive health. The service method applied by the community service team is discussion, guidance, and persuasive communication. Held in December 2020-January 2021. After the counseling activities were carried out, all the teenagers who attended understood about treatment during menstruation

Leucorhea is vaginal fluid, sometimes white or gray, can also colored yellow and green, smelling bad and foaming. Leucorhea is a frequent symptom experienced by most women. In Indonesia, about 75% of women had experienced on suffering leucorhea. Leucorhea is a common symptom of almost all reproductive health problem. In Indonesia, the risky age on suffering reproductive infections generally are still undergoing education in schools, so that we decide to conduct our research in senior high school which is SMP Negeri 3 Depok, based on the highest number of teenagers, in Depok, Sleman. The study was conducted to determine the relationship between genetalia’s hygiene behavior towards pathological leucorhea on 7th grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Depok year by 2014. The type of research is an analytic observational with cross sectional aproach. The location is in SMP Negeri 3 Depok on May 9th 2014, with 7th grade students having menstruation record, have not suffered any reproductive health problem and not in stress condition as the subject, 53 in total. We use questionnaire as the instrument. The analysis use univariat and bivariat analysis. The result shows that most respondents had non-hygienic behavior (66.04%) and experienced phatological leucorhea (75.58%). Furthermore, there were 82.9% of respondents with non-hygienic behavior and 55.6% of subjects with hygienic behavior suffered pathological leucorhea. Therefore, given that subjects with genetalia’s hygiene behavior that is not hygienic to have a 1.5 times greater risk for experiencing pathological leucorhea compared with those in hygienic behavior. Chi-square value 4.5583, p value 0.03276, and PR 1.491.

Billions of people had to face self-isolation for several months due to COVID-19 pandemic; given that, it seems quite vital to provide theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic health risk assessment. Our research objects were people who had to self-isolate during CIVID-19 pandemic. In our research we provided theoretical substantiation for priority health risk factors determined by hypodynamia, hypoxia, improper nutrition, distorted work and leisure regime, and psychoemotional strain. These factors can result in growing morbidity with non-communicable diseases among population. Our research goal was to give theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors caused by self-isolation, to reveal priority health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases, and to give recommendations on how to prevent it. We applied analytical, information, and statistical procedures in our research. Data were obtained from regulatory and legal documents on sanitary-hygienic standardization in the Russian Federation, specifically, data on nutrition hygiene, occupational hygiene, children and teenagers hygiene, etc.; we also revised scientific works published by Russian and foreign authors and analyzed documents issued by the World Health Organization as well as by public healthcare authorities in different countries during COVID-19 pandemic. When developing theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases due to self-isolation, we determined priority risk factors and suggested certain hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation. We provided theoretical substantiation for a suggested hygienic self-isolation index and its score estimate. The existing system for sanitary-hygienic standardization in the RF fixes requirements for nutrition, work, and leisure regime as well as people’s physical activity; it was applied for performing hygienic assessment of self-isolation and self-isolation index score estimates. We suggested certain activities aimed at minimizing health risks under self-isolation; these activities were based on sanitary-hygienic standards. Since hypodynamia and hypoxia are primary sanitary-hygienic health risk factors, we suggest sticking to adequate nutrition with optimal energy capacity, proper physical activity, as well as proper work and leisure regimes.

Billions of people had to face self-isolation for several months due to COVID-19 pandemic; given that, it seems quite vital to provide theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic health risk assessment. Our research objects were people who had to self-isolate during CIVID-19 pandemic. In our research we provided theoretical substantiation for priority health risk factors determined by hypodynamia, hypoxia, improper nutrition, distorted work and leisure regime, and psychoemotional strain. These factors can result in growing morbidity with non-communicable diseases among population. Our research goal was to give theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors caused by self-isolation, to reveal priority health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases, and to give recommendations on how to prevent it. We applied analytical, information, and statistical procedures in our research. Data were obtained from regulatory and legal documents on sanitary-hygienic standardization in the Russian Federation, specifically, data on nutrition hygiene, occupational hygiene, children and teenagers hygiene, etc.; we also revised scientific works published by Russian and foreign authors and analyzed documents issued by the World Health Organization as well as by public healthcare authorities in different countries during COVID-19 pandemic. When developing theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases due to self-isolation, we determined priority risk factors and suggested certain hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation. We provided theoretical substantiation for a suggested hygienic self-isolation index and its score estimate. The existing system for sanitary-hygienic standardization in the RF fixes requirements for nutrition, work, and leisure regime as well as people’s physical activity; it was applied for performing hygienic assessment of self-isolation and self-isolation index score estimates. We suggested certain activities aimed at minimizing health risks under self-isolation; these activities were based on sanitary-hygienic standards. Since hypodynamia and hypoxia are primary sanitary-hygienic health risk factors, we suggest sticking to adequate nutrition with optimal energy capacity, proper physical activity, as well as proper work and leisure regimes.

The article is devoted to the consideration of risky sexual behavior of adolescents and young people. The first part of the article presents an overview of statistical data from Rosstat and the Ministry of Health on the problem of the incidence of adolescents with sexually transmitted infections and HIV. It has been shown that despite a noticeable decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections among children and adolescents in recent years, this age population is a vulnerable risk group. The main trend – against the general decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections, an increase in the incidence of viral sexual infections and their hidden forms is observed. It has been revealed that the age structure among newly diagnosed HIV patients has changed: over the past two decades, there has been a decrease in the incidence of HIV infection among adolescents, and the epidemic is migrating to older age groups. Based on a review of various studies, as well as the results of our own surveys of high school students and college students, the peculiarities of adolescent sexual activity were considered: the prevalence of early sexual intercourse, the use of contraception, awareness of sexual hygiene and sexually transmitted infections. It was revealed that the rate of decline in the average age of sexual debut that has lasted over the last decades has slowed down, but the proportion of sexually active minors is quite large, while many adolescents do not use means of protection, having certain prejudices about their use, and awareness of infections is not satisfactory.

Based on the results of a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health which is published in (SKDI, 2012). Showed that the level of knowledge and understanding of adolescents about reproductive health was still very low. The consequence of the low knowledge and understanding of adolescents on reproductive health is that it is easy for adolescents to experience problems related to reproductive health. This study aims to analyze the effect of multimedia video learning on changes in attitude and behavior of menstrual hygiene in young women. This type of research was a quasy experiment (pre-post test design). The research was conducted at the Ummul Mukminin Islamic boarding school (intervention group) and the Darul Arqam Muhammadiyah Gombara Islamic boarding school (control group) in January 2020. The sample in this study was 62 samples, 31 samples from the control group and 31 intervention groups (Video Learning Multimedia) which were selected based on purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using Homogeneity of Variance and Wilcoxon test. The results of statistical tests showed that there was an effect of multimedia video learning on changes in knowledge, attitudes and behavior of menstrual hygiene in young women. Keywords: Multimedia Video Learning, Teenagers, Menstrual Hygiene, Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior. ABSTRAK Berdasarkan hasil survey yang dilakukan oleh Departemen Kesehatan yang dimuat dalam (SKDI, 2012). Menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi masih sangat rendah. Konsekuensi dari rendahnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman remaja terhadap kesehatan reproduksi adalah mudahnya remaja mengalami masalah yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh video learning multimedia terhadap perubahan sikap dan perilaku menstrual hygiene pada remaja putri. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan quasy eksperimen (pre-post test design). Penelitian dilakukan di pondok pesantren ummul mukminin (kelompok intervensi) dan pondok pesantren darul arqam muhammadiyah gombara (kelompok kontrol) pada januari 2020. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 62 sampel, 31 sampel kelompok kontrol dan 31 kelompok intervensi (Video Learning Multimedia) yang dipilih berdasarkan tekhnik purposive sampling. Analisis data dengan uji Homogeneity of variancedan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh video learning multimedia terhadap perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku menstrual hygiene pada remaja putri. Kata kunci: Video Learning Multimedia, Remaja, Menstrual Hygiene, Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku.

Games and children’s toys in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries – selected aspects of using graphics from the periodThe aim of the article is to present aspects of selected games and children’s toys in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The inspiration for the consideration will be graphics from the press and (mainly children’s) literature of the period, accompanied by a description of the games and toys presented in them. The sources providing the graphics will be educational literature and guides, and guides to the health and hygiene of children and teenagers. These texts can be useful in studying history, whether in the classroom or during seminars on the history of education

ABSTRACT Background: Menstruation is a natural process that occurs routinely in women every month during the fertile age. Although menstruation occurs routinely, but there are still some teenagers who consider menstruation as sensitive and taboo to tell, they are ashamed to tell it to others, including to his parents (Dasgupta & Sarkar, 2008). It is one of the causes of lack of adolescent understanding of self-hygiene during menstruation. Objective: To know the influence of menstrual hygiene booklet on changes in knowledge and attitudes adolescents. Method: Research the quasi experiment by using research pre-test and post-test group design. With the sample is a part of the student level I Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta III academic year 2018-2019 amounting to 84 people. The data used is the primary data by giving the poll to respondents with the analysis of the data Univariat (frequency) and bivariate (Wilcoxon test). Result: Increased knowledge (75%) and attitudes (82%) Respondents after gaining health education using the media booklet (P = 0,000). Conclusion: Booklet can improve the knowledge and attitudes of respondents. Suggestion : It is expected that young women can practice menstrual hygiene appropriately, and for Health Institutions can use this media booklet in health promotion. Keywords: Booklet menstrual hygiene, knowledge, attitude ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Menstruasi merupakan proses alamiah yang terjadi secara rutin pada perempuan setiap bulannya selama masa usia subur. Walaupun menstruasi terjadi secara rutin, tetapi masih ada beberapa remaja yang menganggap menstruasi sebagai hal yang sensitive dan tabu untuk diceritakan, sehingga mereka malu untuk menceritakannya kepada orang lain, termasuk kepada orang tuanya (Dasgupta & Sarkar, 2008). Hal ini menjadi salah satu penyebab kurangnya pemahaman remaja tentang kebersihan diri pada saat menstruasi. Tujuan : mengetahui pengaruh booklet menstrual hygiene terhadap perubahan pengetahuan dan remaja. Metode : Penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain penelitian pre-test dan post-test group design. Dengan sampel adalah sebagian mahasiswa tingkat I Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta III Tahun Akademik 2018-2019 yang berjumlah 84 orang. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan memberikan angket kepada responden dengan analisa data secara Univariat (distribusi frekuensi) dan bivariat (uji Wilcoxon). Hasil : Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan (75%) dan sikap (82%) responden sesudah mendapatkan Pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media booklet (p=0,000). Kesimpulan : Media Booklet dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap responden. Saran : Diharapkan remaja putri dapat mempraktikkan perilaku menstrual hygiene dengan tepat. Dan bagi Institusi Kesehatan dapat menggunakan media booklet ini dalam melakukan promosi Kesehatan. Kata Kunci : Booklet menstrual hygiene, Pengetahuan, Sikap

Adolescence according to WHO are those who are in the transition phase between childhood and adulthood. According to the Indonesian Minister of Health the age limit for teenagers is between the ages of 10 to 19 years and not yet married. Adolescence or puberty is a stage in development when sexual maturity and reproductive ability are achieved. One sign of a woman entering adolescence is menstruation. Menstruation is a normal process, which occurs every month in almost all women. Menstruation occurs when blood is removed, within 3-5 days each month. There are still teenagers in Asam Atas village who do not know the function of reproduction, PMS symptoms and how to cope with menstrual pain. Poor or wrong menstrual education can be a cause of long-term reproductive health problems. Therefore it is necessary to provide counseling to increase adolescent knowledge about menstruation. It is expected to increase awareness of teenage girl about the need to maintain personal hygiene during menstruation. This community service activity was carried out at the Darussalam Al-Hafidz Islamic Boarding School in Jambi City. The time of implementation in February 2019. The target is teenage girl. Community service methods include a survey and lecture approach. The results obtained are teenage girl able to understand about menstruation and how to cope with pain during menstruation. It is recommended that schools work together with health workers to routinely provide reproductive health education to teenage girl.

The 2016 Population Census results show that Indonesia's population is 237.6 million, 63.4 million of which are teenagers consisting of 32,164,436 men (50.70 percent) and 31,279,012 women (49 , 30 percent). The size of the population of the youth group will greatly affect population growth in the future. With the rapid development of technology, the development of teenagers in Indonesia is also developing. Some lead to positive and negative things. One of the negative impacts is the lack of awareness about the STBM pillars. Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) is an integrated action to reduce the incidence of environmental-based infectious diseases, as well as improve hygiene behavior and the quality of life of Indonesian people. Uniqueness / Excellence Islamic healthy student empowerment program lies in the variation and composition of the dedication material. The specifications that will be produced are that the program that will be implemented is one of the main keys to improving the program of healthy students. This service aims to show that schools have a positive impact on supporting health programs for students so that schools have an important role in promoting and intervening in the development of student health. The development of student health that is supported by the school is an important factor in the phase of forming a superior generation of the nation's future. This service program is carried out on students of SMA 1 Perhentian Raja and SMKN 2 pekanbaru.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTSBackground: The World Health Organization states that poor women's reproductive health problems have reached 33% of the total burden of diseases suffered by women in the world. In Indonesia alone 75% of women have experienced vaginal discharge at least once in their lives. In Lampung, it was recorded that the implementation of health promotion or health education about hygiene behavior regarding the care of reproductive organs in adolescents was 20.29% of teenagers doing good hygiene behavior.Purpose: Knowing of the effectiveness of reproductive health education among female adolescentsMethods: This research is a type of quantitative research with quasi experimental design, one group pretest-post test design approach. The population is 124 female students. The sampling technique in this study uses the total population.Results: There was an effect of health education on the ability of female adolescents in the care of reproductive organs, obtained p-value 0.001.Conclusion: expected to increase knowledge about reproductive health for adolescents and how to care for good reproductive organs so that adolescents avoid the adverse effects caused if they do not treat reproductive organs. Keywords : Reproductive health education, female, adolescents Pendahuluan: World Health Organization menyatakan masalah kesehatan reproduksi perempuan yang buruk telah mencapai 33% dari jumlah total beban penyakit yang diderita para perempuan di dunia. Di Indonesia sendiri 75% wanita pernah mengalami keputihan minimal satu kali dalam hidupnya. Di Lampung tercatat pelaksaan promosi kesehatan atau pendidikan kesehatan tentang perilaku hygiene tentang perawatan organ reproduksi pada remaja sebanyak 20,29% remaja melakukan perilaku hygiene yang baik.Tujuan: Diketahui adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap kemampuan remaja puteri dalam perawatan organ reproduksi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasi eksperimental design dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest. .Jumlah populasi adalah 124 siswi.Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total population.Hasil: Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap kemampuan remaja puteri dalam perawatan organ reproduksi, didapatkan p-value 0,001.Simpulan: Seluruh siswa dapat menambah pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan cara merawat organ reproduksi yang baik sehingga remaja terhindar dari efek buruk yang ditimbulkan jika mereka tidak merawat organ reproduksi.

Intestinal parasites cause one of the most important health problems through their effects in causing undernourishment morbidity and incapacitation due to their behavior particularly in children compared to adults. This study was intended to state the prevalence of intestinal parasites between the slum dwellers of different areas in south Chennai. Among the total of 256 samples collected between the ages of 0–50 yrs, 194 samples were positive. Standard laboratory techniques for parasitological diagnosis were carried out for each sample.Entamoeba coli(23%),Cyclosporasp. (22.2%),Entamoeba histolytica(21.8%),Giardia intestinalis(14.4%),Ascaris lumbricoides(6.2%),Trichuris trichiura(1.1%), andHymenolepis nana(2.7%) were found in the dwellers of low socioeconomic areas. The data on the prevalence of parasites with respect to sex and age showed that the females harbored more numbers of parasites when compared to males. Further, with respect to age, children and teenagers had surplus parasites compared to old age groups. The percentage of educational status showed a reduction in the number of parasites in the higher education dwellers. These parasites could be prevented by possible grouping of better ecological design and hygiene. Conclusively, the examination of personal hygiene as well as routine medical examination and treatment is strongly recommended in the low socio-economic areas.

Background: For oral health promotion, teenagers represent an important target group, given that appropriate personal oral hygiene and dietary behaviors are established during this period of life. Experiential learning is an educational approach where learning comes through experience. The aim of the Erasmus+ project “Youth Community-Based Oral Health Learning Model” was to assess the influence of a school-based experiential education program on oral health status, knowledge and behavior among a group of schoolchildren in Bucharest. Methods: This longitudinal interventional study started in 2015 and enrolled 120 adolescents from three public schools. At baseline, all subjects were clinically examined and received a questionnaire. They were split into two groups: the test group received three experiential lessons and control group benefited from a demonstration of tooth brushing technique. Results were presented for the test group, 76 schoolchildren, divided in two age groups: 13-14 years and 15-16 years. More children from the test group adopted twice-daily tooth brushing compared to the control group. The level of knowledge was good, but the role of a noncariogenic diet must be emphasized. Conclusions: The oral health program had positive effects on oral health knowledge and behavior among adolescents. The present study indicated that intervention using experiential learning involving dental students was effective in increasing oral health attitudes and behavior among adolescents from 13-16 years of age included in the study.

Introduction: Self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic is a temporary measure to limit the spread of infection. All citizens arriving from abroad to Russia must comply with the rules of self-isolation. Since April 2, 2020, almost all citizens of the Russian Federation have followed the rules of self-isolation. Also, this month in the Russian capital, Moscow, about 6 million citizens have isolated themselves. In general, in the territory of Russia, the number of citizens on self-isolation reached 100 million. Billions of citizens around the world are staying at home due to the self-isolation regime, so a sanitary assessment must be considered. Self-isolation, characterized by physical inactivity, hypoxia, diet disturbances, lifestyle changes during work / rest, mental stress; this provides an opportunity to identify the presence of public health risk factors and contributes to an increase in the incidence of No Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Purpose of the Study: Carrying out a sanitary-hygienic assessment of COVID-19 self-isolation, determining priority risk factors causing non-infectious diseases, and proposing preventive measures. Objectives: To Identify public health risk factors during self-isolation. To conduct a comprehensive hygienic assessment of self-isolation according to the priority criteria. To develop a pointing system (hygiene index for self-isolation). To propose measures to minimize health risks during self-isolation. Materials and Methods: We used analytical, and systematization approaches. Information from the legal documents of the hygienic-sanitary laws of the Government of the Russian Federation (nutrition hygiene, hygiene of workforce, children, and teenagers). World Health Organization COVID-19 documents. Research Results: We assessed the sanitary-hygienic aspects of self-isolation to identify the leading risk factors on public health, and as a result, we proposed hygienic criteria for self-isolation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS) that considers the Russian law-based requirements for diet, work, rest, and physical activities. Thus, the usage of those hygienic standards is beneficial to prevent public health risks in ordinary and extremely challenging conditions of self-isolation. We proposed measures to minimize risks during self-isolation, and we based them on adequate sanitary-hygienic standards. The main sanitary-hygienic risk factors of self-isolation are: sedentary lifestyle, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies (malnutrition), and work/rest imbalance. Conclusion: We proposed a sanitary-hygienic definition of self-isolation. We identified leading risk factors for public health of the self-isolated population. We proposed sanitary-hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation based on the regulations and standards of the Government of the Russian Federation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS), which determines that the optimal mode is directly proportional to the coefficients of a person’s physical activity (D), indoor area (air cubic capacity) per isolated (S), time spent in fresh air (T) and inversely proportional to the calorie intake. We proposed measures to prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCD) for citizens on self-isolation.

Pediatric dermatoses are one of the most common presentations in a dermatology clinic and reflect the health and hygiene status of children. The incidence and severity of these skin lesions are influenced by geographical area, seasonal and cultural factors, and socioeconomic status. This study was done to show the prevalence of different pediatric dermatoses in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal. Chart reviews of children aged one day to 17 years, presenting to Universal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal, from 1 September 2014 to 30 august 2015, were done. Descriptive analysis and two-sided chi-square test were done. Among 23992 patients visiting the dermatology outpatient department (OPD), 5398 (22.5%) were of pediatric age groups (male/female: 1.2/1); most of them belonged to young teens and teenagers (n=3308; 61.3%). Three most common dermatoses were fungal infections (18.5%), eczema (14.4%), and acne (10.1%). Fungal infections (n=653; 65.4%) and acne (n=284; 51.9%) were common in males, whereas eczema (n=402; 51.7%) was more common in females. Fungal infection (P<0.001), eczema (P<0.001), pigmentation disorders (P<0.001), and acne (P<0.01) were significantly more during summer, while scabies was more in winter (P<0.001). Dermatophytosis, pyoderma, and warts comprised frequently occurring fungal, bacterial, and viral infections, respectively.

Reproductive health and adolescent understanding of the dangers of free sex and sexually transmitted diseases in Indonesia is still low, this can be seen from the many cases of pregnancy outside of marriage, dating violence and abortion with high-risk drugs. Adolescent's understanding of reproductive health is a provision for adolescents to behave in a healthy and responsible manner. Not all adolescents have received sufficient and correct information about reproductive health. Street children are a group of children who are on the side of the road or on the road, who carry out activities in the hope of earning money for life. Knowledge and attitudes towards personal hygiene of reproductive organs are also poor in terms of research results. Therefore they need to be given counseling, guidance and support, so that healthy growth and development can occur so that one day these teenagers will become healthy adults physically, spiritually and socially through the formation of health cadres. This community service is carried out on street teenagers in the Community Caring for Children (KOPA) Medan Maimun. Medan city. The methods used in this activity are: 1. Health education with material on adolescent reproductive health, the dangers of free sex behavior and sexually transmitted diseases; 2. Cadre training; 3. Assistance of cadres in conducting counseling to peers (peer group). 4. Evaluation of the success of the program: post-test for outreach cadres and youth participants. The data analysis used was univariate. The number of respondents 25 people. The results showed that the majority of the Padang ethnic group (76%), junior high school education (54%), father and mother still (father 80% and mother 92%), education of 80% high school parents. The results of the questionnaire on knowledge were still there (44%) street children had not answered questions about the symptoms of HIV/AIDS. Symptoms of HIV/AIDS include fever, night sweats, continuous diarrhea, fatigue, and persistent coughing and weight loss. They also have not all answered correctly on the question of gangrene is a type of sexually transmitted infection (24%), mode of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (20%); and HIV/AIDS can cause death (20%). This is because young children have never received this information either at school or from their parents. Researchers suggest that the KOPA manager should actively cooperate with the nearest PUSKESMAS to provide information about the dangers of free sex and sexually transmitted diseases.

Um aumento significativo de recém-nascidos com microcefalia ocorreu desde 2015 no Brasil. Este relato descreve ações extensionistas desenvolvidas pelos discentes do curso de Odontologia de uma universidade pública brasileira. De 2017 a 2019, efetuaram-se ações de prevenção de doenças e promoção de saúde bucal, acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dentário/craniofacial e tratamento odontológico em indivíduos com Microcefalia. Foram atendidas 17 crianças e 2 adolescentes. Referente a hábitos alimentares e higiene oral, observou-se dieta pastosa e noturna, ausência de escovação da língua e a dentária, apenas uma vez por dia. Na análise facial, desarmonia e comprometimento funcional orofacial. No exame intraoral, observou-se biofilme visível, interposição lingual anterior atípica, mastigação unilateral, bruxismo dentário e desenvolvimento dentário normal. Realizaram-se abordagens educativas de higiene oral aos familiares, atenciosos ao aprendizado. O atendimento odontológico ocorreu de acordo com as necessidades de risco de cárie, desgastes dentários e doença periodontal. Houve a promoção do conhecimento científico e os benefícios advindos do ensino, pesquisa e extensão destas ações proporcionaram um elo entre a comunidade acadêmica e a sociedade. Palavras-chave: Assistência Odontológica; Pessoas com Deficiências; Saúde Pública; Odontologia Promotion of oral health in individuals with microcephaly: Experience report Abstract: A significant increase in newborns with microcephaly has occurred since 2015 in Brazil. This report describes extension actions developed by students of the Dentistry course at a Brazilian public university. From 2017 to 2019, actions for preventing oral diseases, monitoring dental/craniofacial development, and dental treatment were made available to individuals with microcephaly by students of the Dentistry course at UESB. Seventeen children and two teenagers were attended. A pasty and nocturnal diet, absence of tongue, and dental brushing were observed only once a day regarding eating habits and oral hygiene. In facial analysis, disharmony and orofacial functional impairment. Visible biofilm, atypical anterior lingual interposition, unilateral chewing, dental bruxism, and normal tooth development were observed in the intraoral examination. Educational approaches on oral hygiene were carried out to family members, attentive to learning. The dental care was following the needs of risk of caries, dental wear, and periodontal disease. Scientific knowledge was promoted. The benefits arising from teaching, research, and the extension regarding these actions link the academic community and society. Keywords: Dental Care; People with disabilities; Public Health; Dentistry

In 1914–1918, the Łódź Jewish community organized activities for children and teenagers in more than ten social and charitable organizations and institutions. Some of them were established even before 1914, some were opened during WWI. The Shelter for Jewish Children was among the centres operating during the difficult war times and dating back to the time before the Great War. The Shelter was established on the initiative of Sara Poznańska, wife of Maurycy Poznański, a prominent Jewish industrialist and social activist in Łódź. Members of the Board of the new institution included rich, middle class Jewish women, factory owners and merchants. In 1917, they were joined by S. Poznańska as President, Maria Hertzowa as Vice-President, Stefania Hirszbergowa as Treasurer and Paweł Becker as Secretary of the Board. Several sections were identified in the Shelter with different functions in mind: the Pedagogical, Medical, Food, Maintenance, and Clothes Sections. The task of the Pedagogical section was care for the intellectual and physical development of the children. Efforts were made to propagate Polish issues in education (the children were taught history and the Polish language). The Medical Section focused on hygiene and the children’s health. The Food Section prepared hot meals, i.e. dinners and breakfasts. The Maintenance Section’s responsibility was to develop a sense of cleanliness and order in the children. The Clothes Section put an emphasis on maintaining the children’s clothes in order, mainly by mending them. During WWI, the Shelter took care of over 200 pre-school and school children (aged 4–12).

The assessment of the risk for the health is widely used in international and domestic organizations. The aim of the work is the analysis of methods and techniques of risk assessment for children’s health and determination of the approaches to the analysis of risks for children’s health in the course of their life. The material of the study is based on legal and analytical documents in the field of the analysis of risks for public health. The main method of the research is expert-analytical. Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare has proved the risk-based approach to sanitary and epidemiological supervision, classified the subjects of supervision according to the criteria of the potential risk of damage to health. The risks for children’s health, calculated only on the frequency of violations of sanitary legislation, do not take into account the impact of all risk factors for the health of students. Methodology of management of occupational risks (risk management) is now implemented by bioinformatics technologies. The methodology of risk management to children’s health can be applied for pupils in various educational institutions. Risk for pupils ’ health is the probability of the injury as a result of exposure to potentially hazardous and dangerous factors of conditions and modes of learning in the educational activity. The management of risks for health of students is an array of interrelated activities, which includes the measures to identify, assess and reduce the risk for health ofpupils. The criteria of safe conditions and the mode of training of children in educational institutions are the preservation of life, health, functional abilities of the body ofpupils, the upcoming life. The most difficult problem in the hygiene of children and adolescents is the establishment of a causal relationship of diseases with conditions and mode of teaching children and teenagers - causation (causality). The starting point of causation is to establish the diagnosis with a code and factor code from the number of external causes of ICD-10. Risk management is carried out by the system of targeted prevention of school-related diseases.

Abstrak.Remaja putri secara fisiologis akan mengalami menstruasi. Riwayat menstruasi yang dialami remaja berbeda dan dipengaruhi berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui riwayat menstruasi yang dialami remaja putri sebagai calon ibu dari menstruasi pertama sampai akhir, sebagai identifikasi kesehatan reproduksi yang terganggu. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah responden 161 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel accidental sample. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lebih banyak remaja akhir (19-24 tahun) sebanyak 156 orang (96.89%). Dari 156 remaja akhir, 61 (39,10%) berusia 19 tahun. Menstruasi pertama terbanyak 12 tahun sebanyak 61 (37.90 %), namun ada yang menarche pada 16 tahun sebanyak 3 (1.86%) dan usia 17 tahun sebanyak 1 (0.62%). Siklus menstruasi terbanyak 28 hari 87 (54,04%) dan 74 (45,96%) siklus 35 hari. Remaja lebih banyak mengalami menstruasi yang lamanya <2 minggu 157 (97,51%). Namun 4 (2,48%) lamanya ≥ 2 minggu. Keluhan sakit perut berlebihan 85 (52, 80%). Sebanyak 87 (54.04 %) mengalami ketidaknyamanan pada payudara saat menstruasi. Pengeluaran darah menstruasi bercak-bercak 11 (6.83%) dan darah berlebihan terjadi 45 (27.95%). keputihan 100 (62.11%). Kondisi keputihan yang telah mengalami perubahan warna terjadi 41 (41 %). Perubahan emosi sebanyak 133 (82.61%). Saran bagi remaja agar melakukan pencatatan secara rutin riwayat menstruasi dan menjaga kebersihan genetalia selama menstruasi terjadi. Kata kunci : Riwayat, Menstruasi, Remaja, Calon Ibu Descriptive Study of Young Women's Menstrual History As A Mother-To-Be In Pekalongan Region Abstract. Physiologically, young women will experience menstruation. Menstrual history experienced by adolescents is different and is influenced by various factors. This study aims to determine the menstrual history experienced by young women as prospective mothers from the first menstruation to the end, as an identification of impaired reproductive health. The study used a questionnaire with a total of 161 respondents, accidental sample sampling technique. The results showed that more late adolescents (19-24 years) were 156 people (96.89%). Of the 156 late adolescents, 61 (39.10%) were 19 years old. The first menstrual period was 12 years as much as 61 (37.90%), but there were menarche at 16 years as much as 3 (1.86%) and 17 years old as much as 1 (0.62%). The most menstrual cycle was 28 days 87 (54.04%) and 74 (45.96%) cycles of 35 days. Teenagers experienced more menstruation which was <2 weeks 157 (97.51%). However, 4 (2.48%) were ≥ 2 weeks. Complaints of excessive abdominal pain 85 (52, 80%). A total of 87 (54.04%) experienced breast discomfort during menstruation. Menstrual discharge with 11 spots (6.83%) and excessive blood flow occurred 45 (27.95%). 100 (62.11%) vaginal discharge. There were 41 (41%) whitish conditions that had undergone a change in color. Emotional changes were 133 (82.61%). Adolescents are advised to regularly record menstrual history and maintain genetic hygiene during menstruation. Keyword : History, Menstruation, Teenagers, Prospective Mother

ABSTRACT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT FLUOR ALBUS IN ADOLESCENT Backgroud Fluor albus is a non-bloody and not ordinary discharge coming out from vaginal passage, either it is smelly or not, d it is followed by local pruritus. A presurvey result to 20 female students showed that 60% did not understand the cause of Fluor albus, 40% did not know how to prevent Fluor albus, 35% experienced yellowish discharge followed by local pruritus, and 65% did not experience Fluor albus. The objective of this research was to find out the description of female teenagers’ knowledge about Fluor albus in Female Islamic Junior High School in Gedong Tataan of Pesawaran district in 2019.Methods This was a descriptive quantitative research. Population was 50 female students in Female Islamic Junior High School in Gedong Tataan of Pesawaran district. Samples were 50 respondents. Data were analyzed with univariate analysis.Result The research result showed that 18 respondents (36.0%) had poor knowledge and 32 respondents (64.0%) had good knowledge. Conclusion It is known that the description of knowledge about vaginal discharge in young women at MTS Diniyah Putri Gedong Tataan, Pesawaran District, 2019Suggestion The researcher suggests female students to improve knowledge by reading health topics especially reproduction health, to use information technology to find out information about female teenager’s reproduction health, and to take benefit from reproduction health education from student school organization (OSIS) in form of seminar. Keywords: knowledge, teenager, Fluor albus ABSTRAK Latar Belakang Keputihan adalah keluarnya cairan selain darah dari liang vagina di luar kebiasaan, baik berbau ataupun tidak, serta disertai rasa gatal setempat. Berdasarkan hasil prasurvey yang dilakukan terhadap 20 siswi menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 60% tidak mengetahui penyebab keputihan dan sebanyak 40% tidak mengetahui cara pencegahan keputihan, dari 20 siswi tersebut sebanyak 35% mengalami keputihan dimana mereka mengeluh keluar cairan yang terasa gatal, dan berwarna agak kekuningan dan sebanyak 65% tidak mengalami keputihan.Tujuan dalam penelitian diketahui gambaran pengetahuan tentang keputihan pada remaja putri di MTS Diniyah Putri Gedong Tataan Kabupaten Pesawaran Tahun 2019Metode Penelitian Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitian kuantitatif rancangan penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja putri kelas X, XI, dan XII di MTS Diniyah Putri sebanyak 50 orang, sampel 50 orang dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2019, di MTS Diniyah Putri Gedong Tataan Kabupaten Pesawaran. Analisa data secara univariat.Hasil penelitian:Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik yaitu sebanyak 18 (36,0%) responden dan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 32 (64,0%) responden.Kesimpulan telah diketahui gambaran pengetahuan tentang keputihan pada remaja putri di MTS Diniyah Putri Gedong Tataan Kabupaten Pesawaran Tahun 2019Saran remaja putri lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan dengan banyak membaca tentang kesehatan khususnya kesehatan reproduksi. Menggunakan kemajuan tekhnologi seperti memanfaatkan internet untuk mengetahui informasi tentang kesehatan reproduksi pada remaja khususnya remaja putri. Memanfaatkan organisasi yang ada seperti OSIS sebagai wadah untuk penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi, misalnya mengadakan seminar. Kata kunci: pengetahuan, remaja, keputihanArdayani, Tri. (2012) Kesehatan Reproduksi Untuk Kebidanan, Keperawatan Dan Tenaga Kesehatan. CV Caraka, BandungArikunto, Suharsimi. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Edisi Keenam. PT. Rineka Cipta, JakartaBudiman, (2013). Kapita selektata Pengetahuan dan sikap untuk penelitian kesehatan. Jakarta: Salemba MedikaHastono, SP. (2016).Analisis Data Pada Bidang Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rajawali PersHidayat, A. Aziz Alimul.(2008), Pengantar Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia: Aplikasi. Konsep dan Proses Keperawatan Buku 1, Jakarta: Salemba MedikaIrnawati. (2017). Hubungan Personal Hygine Organ Reproduksi Dengan Kejadian Keputihan Pada Remaja Siswi SMK N 1 Sumber Kecamatan Sumber Kabupaten RembangIndriyani. (2012). Hubungan Personal Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Keputihan Pada Siswi MA Al-Hikmah Aeng Deke BlutoIrianto, Koes. 2015. Kesehatan Reproduksi (Reproductive Health). Alfabeta, JakartaKusmiran, Eny. (2011). Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja dan Wanita. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.Maritalia, Dewi. (2014). Asuhan Kebidanan Masa Nifas dan Menyusui. Yogyakarta: Pustaka PelajarMubarak, Wahit Iqbal. (2012). Promosi Kesehatan Untuk Kebidanan. Jakarta: Salemba MedikaNotoatmodjo, S. (2012).Metode Penelitian.Rineka Cipta. JakartaNotoatmodjo, S. (2012). Kesehatan Masyarakat Ilmu dan Seni. Jakarta: Rineka CiptaNotoatmodjo, Soekidjo. (2012). Promosi Kesehatan dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.Nurlaila. (2015). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Personal Hygiene Remaja Putri Dengan Kejadian Keputihan (Fluor Albus ) Di SMP Suryadarma Bandar Lampung Tahun 2014Permatasari, M. W. (2012). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Putri tentang Personal Hygiene dengan Tindakan Pencegahan Keputihan di SMA Negeri 9 Semarang.Potter, P.A, Perry, A.G. (2011). Buku Ajar Fundamental Keperawatan : Konsep,. Proses, dan Praktik.Edisi 4.Volume 2.Alih Bahasa : Renata. Komalasari,dkk.Jakarta:EGCRamayanti. (2017). Hubungan Personal hygiene Dengan Kejadian Keputihan Pada Remaja Putri Di Sma Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta Tahun 2016Rianto. Agus (2011) Aplikasi Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. 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ABSTRACT: CORRELATION BETWEEN STATE OF ANXIETY AND ADOLESCENT ATTITUDE DUE TO COVID-19 Background: The current pandemic shaking the world is Coronavirus Disease 19 or commonly abbreviated as COVID-19. This disease attacks human respiratory system and can cause death. As a result of this pandemic, anxiety arises from all communities, including adolescents. Educational facilities are temporarily closed. Therefore, the learning method uses an online system. One of the factors that cause anxiety from teenagers is fear because they do not know whether the people around them are healthy or not, so they also avoid crowd or gathering which can invite large number of people. Moreover, they fear about themselves whether they are bringing the virus to those around them. Some of them are also afraid of fake news about COVID-19 which are scattered around carelessly on social media.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between the anxiety level and adolescent attitudes in dealing with COVID-19.Methods: The researcher uses quantitative analytical correlation methods, with a cross-section approach. The population in this study are all from high school students of Salemba Adventist School not less than 138 people and the total of samples in this study are 51 students.Results: The results of this study show that the level of anxiety is at a moderate level (64.7%) and indicate very positive attitude (52.9%) of the respondents in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. The bivariate analysis found that there is a significant relationship between the level of student anxiety and student attitudes with a value of p <0.05.Conclusion: It can be concluded that teenagers want to follow health protocols to keep themselves healthy and avoid this disease by maintaining personal hygiene such as wash their hands periodically and consume nutritious foods and drink vitamins. Key Word: Anxiety, attitude, Covid-19 INTI SARI: HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN TERHADAP SIKAP REMAJAAKIBAT PANDEMIK COVID-19 Latar Belakang: Pandemik saat ini yang sedang mengguncang dunia adalah Coronavirus Disease 19 atau biasa disingkat COVID-19. Penyakit ini menyerang sistem pernapasan manusia dan bisa menyebabkan kematian. Akibat pandemik ini, maka timbul kecemasan dari semua masyarakat termasuk anak remaja. Sarana pendidikan ditutup sementara sehingga metode pembelajaran pun menggunakan sistem online. Salah satu faktor timbulnya kecemasan dari remaja adalah karena takut karena mereka tidak tahu apakah orang-orang di sekitar mereka sehat atau tidak sehingga mereka juga menghindari keramaian atau pertemuan yang mengundang banyak orang. Dan diri mereka sendiri pun takut apakah mereka membawa virus tersebut kepada orang-orang di sekitarnya. Beberapa juga takut akan adanya berita palsu mengenai COVID-19 yang suka beredar sembarangan.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan dengan sikap remaja dalam menghadapi COVID-19.Metode: Peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif korelasi analitik, dengan pendekatan cross sectiona. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMA Advent Salemba sebanyak 138 orang dan yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 51 siswa.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kecemasan berada pada tingkat kecemasan sedang (64,7%) dan sikap yang sangat baik (52,9%) dari responden dalam menyikapi pandemik COVID-19. Adapun Analisa bivariat didapati terdapat hubungan yang siginifikan antara tingkat kecemasan siswa dengan sikap siswa dengan nilai p < 0.05. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa para remaja mau mengikuti protokol kesehatan untuk menjaga dirinya agar tetap sehat dan terhindar dari penyakit ini dengan menjaga kebersihan diri seperti mencuci tangan setiap waktu dan makan makanan yang bergizi serta minum vitamin. Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Kecemasan, Sikap Remaja

Background: Teenagers have problems related to personal hygiene during menstrual periods due to lack of explanation and health services. Lesser sources of information lead to lower knowledge and will impact on the attitudes and actions of teenagers. Edutainment of ladders snakes can be applied as a solution to this problem. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of ladders snakes edutainment to teenagers behavior about personal hygiene menstruation. Methods: Quasy experiment was used to design this study with the sample consist of 33 respondents for each treatment and control group. Data were obtained from questionnaire to measure teenagers’ knowledge, attitude, and action about personal hygiene menstruation. Analysis data of this study was using nonparametric method based on Wilcoxonn Signed Rank tests and Mann Whitney U-Test with significance value α ≤ 0,05. Results: The results of the study showed an increase in knowledge (p = 0,000), attitudes (p = 0,000), and action (p = 0,000) after intervention of the treatment group. This data is also reinforced by statistical analysis Mann Whitney U-Test shows significant differences for knowledge (p = 0,000), attitude (p = 0,000), and action (p = 0,000). Conclusion: The conclusion is edutainment of ladder snakes has an effect on improving teenagers behavior about personal hygiene of menstruation. As an educator, nurse could be use edutainment of ladder snakes for alternative for gives entertain health education on school.

Objetive: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect and association of obesity on the periodontal health status of middle school students. Materials and Methods: This study included 180 secondary school students aged 12- 15 years from Baghdad City in the survey. BMIfor-age (body mass index for age) was utilized to detect overweight and obesity. Furthermore, periodontal screening records (PSR) index was performed to evaluate the oral hygiene and periodontal condition of the subjects. Chisquare tests and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: A highly significant association of BMI-for-age with periodontal health (codes 0, 1, 2, and 3) was observed. The association of gender and periodontal health was highly significant in code 3, significant in codes 0 and 1, and it was not significant in code 2. Additionally, the ANOVA test revealed that the effects of gender and BMI-for-age on periodontal health were significant. In contrast, the effect of the interaction between gender and BMI-for-age on periodontal health was not it was not significant. Conclusions: In adolescents, bad oral hygiene was correlated with extra body fat indicators. Therefore, oral health preventive schedules should take into consideration the relationship between periodontal condition and overweight/obesity in teenagers. Keywords Obesity; Body mass index; Periodontal disease; Oral health status.

Perhaps nothing in media culture today makes clearer the connection between people’s bodies and their homes than the Emmy-winning reality TV program Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. Home Edition is a spin-off from the original Extreme Makeover, and that fact provides in fundamental form the strong connection that the show demonstrates between bodies and houses. The first EM, initially popular for its focus on cosmetic surgery, laser skin and hair treatments, dental work, cosmetics and wardrobe for mainly middle-aged and self-described unattractive participants, lagged after two full seasons and was finally cancelled entirely, whereas EMHE has continued to accrue viewers and sponsors, as well as accolades (Paulsen, Poniewozik, EMHE Website, Wilhelm). That viewers and the ABC network shifted their attention to the reconstruction of houses over the original version’s direct intervention in problematic bodies indicates that sites of personal transformation are not necessarily within our own physical or emotional beings, but in the larger surround of our environments and in our cultural ideals of home and body. One effect of this shift in the Extreme Makeover format is that a seemingly wider range of narrative problems can be solved relating to houses than to the particular bodies featured on the original show. Although Extreme Makeover featured a few people who’d had previously botched cleft palate surgeries or mastectomies, as Cressida Heyes points out, “the only kind of disability that interests the show is one that can be corrected to conform to able-bodied norms” (22). Most of the recipients were simply middle-aged folks who were ordinary or aged in appearance; many of them seemed self-obsessed and vain, and their children often seemed disturbed by the transformation (Heyes 24). However, children are happy to have a brand new TV and a toy-filled room decorated like their latest fantasy, and they thereby can be drawn into the process of identity transformation in the Home Edition version; in fact, children are required of virtually all recipients of the show’s largess. Because EMHE can do “major surgery” or simply bulldoze an old structure and start with a new building, it is also able to incorporate more variety in its stories—floods, fires, hurricanes, propane explosions, war, crime, immigration, car accidents, unscrupulous contractors, insurance problems, terrorist attacks—the list of traumas is seemingly endless. Home Edition can solve any problem, small or large. Houses are much easier things to repair or reconstruct than bodies. Perhaps partly for this reason, EMHE uses disability as one of its major tropes. Until Season 4, Episode 22, 46.9 percent of the episodes have had some content related to disability or illness of a disabling sort, and this number rises to 76.4 percent if the count includes families that have been traumatised by the (usually recent) death of a family member in childhood or the prime of life by illness, accident or violence. Considering that the percentage of people living with disabilities in the U.S. is defined at 18.1 percent (Steinmetz), EMHE obviously favours them considerably in the selection process. Even the disproportionate numbers of people with disabilities living in poverty and who therefore might be more likely to need help—20.9 percent as opposed to 7.7 percent of the able-bodied population (Steinmetz)—does not fully explain their dominance on the program. In fact, the program seeks out people with new and different physical disabilities and illnesses, sending out emails to local news stations looking for “Extraordinary Mom / Dad recently diagnosed with ALS,” “Family who has a child with PROGERIA (aka ‘little old man’s disease’)” and other particular situations (Simonian). A total of sixty-five ill or disabled people have been featured on the show over the past four years, and, even if one considers its methods maudlin or exploitive, the presence of that much disability and illness is very unusual for reality TV and for TV in general. What the show purports to do is to radically transform multiple aspects of individuals’ lives—and especially lives marred by what are perceived as physical setbacks—via the provision of a luxurious new house, albeit sometimes with the addition of automobiles, mortgage payments or college scholarships. In some ways the assumptions underpinning EMHE fit with a social constructionist body theory that posits an almost infinitely flexible physical matter, of which the definitions and capabilities are largely determined by social concepts and institutions. The social model within the disability studies field has used this theoretical perspective to emphasise the distinction between an impairment, “the physical fact of lacking an arm or a leg,” and disability, “the social process that turns an impairment into a negative by creating barriers to access” (Davis, Bending 12). Accessible housing has certainly been one emphasis of disability rights activists, and many of them have focused on how “design conceptions, in relation to floor plans and allocation of functions to specific spaces, do not conceive of impairment, disease and illness as part of domestic habitation or being” (Imrie 91). In this regard, EMHE appears as a paragon. In one of its most challenging and dramatic Season 1 episodes, the “Design Team” worked on the home of the Ziteks, whose twenty-two-year-old son had been restricted to a sub-floor of the three-level structure since a car accident had paralyzed him. The show refitted the house with an elevator, roll-in bathroom and shower, and wheelchair-accessible doors. Robert Zitek was also provided with sophisticated computer equipment that would help him produce music, a life-long interest that had been halted by his upper-vertebra paralysis. Such examples abound in the new EMHE houses, which have been constructed for families featuring situations such as both blind and deaf members, a child prone to bone breaks due to osteogenesis imperfecta, legs lost in Iraq warfare, allergies that make mold life-threatening, sun sensitivity due to melanoma or polymorphic light eruption or migraines, fragile immune systems (often due to organ transplants or chemotherapy), cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Krabbe disease and autism. EMHE tries to set these lives right via the latest in technology and treatment—computer communication software and hardware, lock systems, wheelchair-friendly design, ventilation and air purification set-ups, the latest in care and mental health approaches for various disabilities and occasional consultations with disabled celebrities like Marlee Matlin. Even when individuals or familes are “[d]iscriminated against on a daily basis by ignorance and physical challenges,” as the program website notes, they “deserve to have a home that doesn’t discriminate against them” (EMHE website, Season 3, Episode 4). The relief that they will be able to inhabit accessible and pleasant environments is evident on the faces of many of these recipients. That physical ease, that ability to move and perform the intimate acts of domestic life, seems according to the show’s narrative to be the most basic element of home. Nonetheless, as Robert Imrie has pointed out, superficial accessibility may still veil “a static, singular conception of the body” (201) that prevents broader change in attitudes about people with disabilities, their activities and their spaces. Starting with the story of the child singing in an attempt at self-comforting from Deleuze and Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus, J. MacGregor Wise defines home as a process of territorialisation through specific behaviours. “The markers of home … are not simply inanimate objects (a place with stuff),” he notes, “but the presence, habits, and effects of spouses, children, parents, and companions” (299). While Ty Pennington, EMHE’s boisterous host, implies changes for these families along the lines of access to higher education, creative possibilities provided by musical instruments and disability-appropriate art materials, help with home businesses in the way of equipment and licenses and so on, the families’ identity-producing habits are just as likely to be significantly changed by the structural and decorative arrangements made for them by the Design Team. The homes that are created for these families are highly conventional in their structure, layout, decoration, and expectations of use. More specifically, certain behavioural patterns are encouraged and others discouraged by the Design Team’s assumptions. Several themes run through the show’s episodes: Large dining rooms provide for the most common of Pennington’s comments: “You can finally sit down and eat meals together as a family.” A nostalgic value in an era where most families have schedules full of conflicts that prevent such Ozzie-and-Harriet scenarios, it nonetheless predominates. Large kitchens allow for cooking and eating at home, though featured food is usually frozen and instant. In addition, kitchens are not designed for the families’ disabled members; for wheelchair users, for instance, counters need to be lower than usual with open space underneath, so that a wheelchair can roll underneath the counter. Thus, all the wheelchair inhabitants depicted will still be dependent on family members, primarily mothers, to prepare food and clean up after them. (See Imrie, 95-96, for examples of adapted kitchens.) Pets, perhaps because they are inherently “dirty,” are downplayed or absent, even when the family has them when EMHE arrives (except one family that is featured for their animal rescue efforts); interestingly, there are no service dogs, which might obviate the need for some of the high-tech solutions for the disabled offered by the show. The previous example is one element of an emphasis on clutter-free cleanliness and tastefulness combined with a rampant consumerism. While “cultural” elements may be salvaged from exotic immigrant families, most of the houses are very similar and assume a certain kind of commodified style based on new furniture (not humble family hand-me-downs), appliances, toys and expensive, prefab yard gear. Sears is a sponsor of the program, and shopping trips for furniture and appliances form a regular part of the program. Most or all of the houses have large garages, and the families are often given large vehicles by Ford, maintaining a positive take on a reliance on private transportation and gas-guzzling vehicles, but rarely handicap-adapted vans. Living spaces are open, with high ceilings and arches rather than doorways, so that family members will have visual and aural contact. Bedrooms are by contrast presented as private domains of retreat, especially for parents who have demanding (often ill or disabled) children, from which they are considered to need an occasional break. All living and bedrooms are dominated by TVs and other electronica, sometimes presented as an aid to the disabled, but also dominating to the point of excluding other ways of being and interacting. As already mentioned, childless couples and elderly people without children are completely absent. Friends buying houses together and gay couples are also not represented. The ideal of the heterosexual nuclear family is thus perpetuated, even though some of the show’s craftspeople are gay. Likewise, even though “independence” is mentioned frequently in the context of families with disabled members, there are no recipients who are disabled adults living on their own without family caretakers. “Independence” is spoken of mostly in terms of bathing, dressing, using the bathroom and other bodily aspects of life, not in terms of work, friendship, community or self-concept. Perhaps most salient, the EMHE houses are usually created as though nothing about the family will ever again change. While a few of the projects have featured terminally ill parents seeking to leave their children secure after their death, for the most part the families are considered oddly in stasis. Single mothers will stay single mothers, even children with conditions with severe prognoses will continue to live, the five-year-old will sleep forever in a fire-truck bed or dollhouse room, the occasional grandparent installed in his or her own suite will never pass away, and teenagers and young adults (especially the disabled) will never grow up, marry, discover their homosexuality, have a falling out with their parents or leave home. A kind of timeless nostalgia, hearkening back to Gaston Bachelard’s The Poetics of Space, pervades the show. Like the body-modifying Extreme Makeover, the Home Edition version is haunted by the issue of normalisation. The word ‘normal’, in fact, floats through the program’s dialogue frequently, and it is made clear that the goal of the show is to restore, as much as possible, a somewhat glamourised, but status quo existence. The website, in describing the work of one deserving couple notes that “Camp Barnabas is a non-profit organisation that caters to the needs of critically and chronically ill children and gives them the opportunity to be ‘normal’ for one week” (EMHE website, Season 3, Episode 7). Someone at the network is sophisticated enough to put ‘normal’ in quotation marks, and the show demonstrates a relatively inclusive concept of ‘normal’, but the word dominates the show itself, and the concept remains largely unquestioned (See Canguilhem; Davis, Enforcing Normalcy; and Snyder and Mitchell, Narrative, for critiques of the process of normalization in regard to disability). In EMHE there is no sense that disability or illness ever produces anything positive, even though the show also notes repeatedly the inspirational attitudes that people have developed through their disability and illness experiences. Similarly, there is no sense that a little messiness can be creatively productive or even necessary. Wise makes a distinction between “home and the home, home and house, home and domus,” the latter of each pair being normative concepts, whereas the former “is a space of comfort (a never-ending process)” antithetical to oppressive norms, such as the association of the home with the enforced domesticity of women. In cases where the house or domus becomes a place of violence and discomfort, home becomes the process of coping with or resisting the negative aspects of the place (300). Certainly the disabled have experienced this in inaccessible homes, but they may also come to experience a different version in a new EMHE house. For, as Wise puts it, “home can also mean a process of rationalization or submission, a break with the reality of the situation, self-delusion, or falling under the delusion of others” (300). The show’s assumption that the construction of these new houses will to a great extent solve these families’ problems (and that disability itself is the problem, not the failure of our culture to accommodate its many forms) may in fact be a delusional spell under which the recipient families fall. In fact, the show demonstrates a triumphalist narrative prevalent today, in which individual happenstance and extreme circumstances are given responsibility for social ills. In this regard, EMHE acts out an ancient morality play, where the recipients of the show’s largesse are assessed and judged based on what they “deserve,” and the opening of each show, when the Design Team reviews the application video tape of the family, strongly emphasises what good people these are (they work with charities, they love each other, they help out their neighbours) and how their situation is caused by natural disaster, act of God or undeserved tragedy, not their own bad behaviour. Disabilities are viewed as terrible tragedies that befall the young and innocent—there is no lung cancer or emphysema from a former smoking habit, and the recipients paralyzed by gunshots have received them in drive-by shootings or in the line of duty as police officers and soldiers. In addition, one of the functions of large families is that the children veil any selfish motivation the adults may have—they are always seeking the show’s assistance on behalf of the children, not themselves. While the Design Team always notes that there are “so many other deserving people out there,” the implication is that some people’s poverty and need may be their own fault. (See Snyder and Mitchell, Locations 41-67; Blunt and Dowling 116-25; and Holliday.) In addition, the structure of the show—with the opening view of the family’s undeserved problems, their joyous greeting at the arrival of the Team, their departure for the first vacation they may ever have had and then the final exuberance when they return to the new house—creates a sense of complete, almost religious salvation. Such narratives fail to point out social support systems that fail large numbers of people who live in poverty and who struggle with issues of accessibility in terms of not only domestic spaces, but public buildings, educational opportunities and social acceptance. In this way, it echoes elements of the medical model, long criticised in disability studies, where each and every disabled body is conceptualised as a site of individual aberration in need of correction, not as something disabled by an ableist society. In fact, “the house does not shelter us from cosmic forces; at most it filters and selects them” (Deleuze and Guattari, What Is Philosophy?, qtd. in Frichot 61), and those outside forces will still apply to all these families. The normative assumptions inherent in the houses may also become oppressive in spite of their being accessible in a technical sense (a thing necessary but perhaps not sufficient for a sense of home). As Tobin Siebers points out, “[t]he debate in architecture has so far focused more on the fundamental problem of whether buildings and landscapes should be universally accessible than on the aesthetic symbolism by which the built environment mirrors its potential inhabitants” (“Culture” 183). Siebers argues that the Jamesonian “political unconscious” is a “social imaginary” based on a concept of perfection (186) that “enforces a mutual identification between forms of appearance, whether organic, aesthetic, or architectural, and ideal images of the body politic” (185). Able-bodied people are fearful of the disabled’s incurability and refusal of normalisation, and do not accept the statistical fact that, at least through the process of aging, most people will end up dependent, ill and/or disabled at some point in life. Mainstream society “prefers to think of people with disabilities as a small population, a stable population, that nevertheless makes enormous claims on the resources of everyone else” (“Theory” 742). Siebers notes that the use of euphemism and strategies of covering eventually harm efforts to create a society that is home to able-bodied and disabled alike (“Theory” 747) and calls for an exploration of “new modes of beauty that attack aesthetic and political standards that insist on uniformity, balance, hygiene, and formal integrity” (Culture 210). What such an architecture, particularly of an actually livable domestic nature, might look like is an open question, though there are already some examples of people trying to reframe many of the assumptions about housing design. For instance, cohousing, where families and individuals share communal space, yet have private accommodations, too, makes available a larger social group than the nuclear family for social and caretaking activities (Blunt and Dowling, 262-65). But how does one define a beauty-less aesthetic or a pleasant home that is not hygienic? Post-structuralist architects, working on different grounds and usually in a highly theoretical, imaginary framework, however, may offer another clue, as they have also tried to ‘liberate’ architecture from the nostalgic dictates of the aesthetic. Ironically, one of the most famous of these, Peter Eisenman, is well known for producing, in a strange reversal, buildings that render the able-bodied uncomfortable and even sometimes ill (see, in particular, Frank and Eisenman). Of several house designs he produced over the years, Eisenman notes that his intention was to dislocate the house from that comforting metaphysic and symbolism of shelter in order to initiate a search for those possibilities of dwelling that may have been repressed by that metaphysic. The house may once have been a true locus and symbol of nurturing shelter, but in a world of irresolvable anxiety, the meaning and form of shelter must be different. (Eisenman 172) Although Eisenman’s starting point is very different from that of Siebers, it nonetheless resonates with the latter’s desire for an aesthetic that incorporates the “ragged edge” of disabled bodies. Yet few would want to live in a home made less attractive or less comfortable, and the “illusion” of permanence is one of the things that provide rest within our homes. Could there be an architecture, or an aesthetic, of home that could create a new and different kind of comfort and beauty, one that is neither based on a denial of the importance of bodily comfort and pleasure nor based on an oppressively narrow and commercialised set of aesthetic values that implicitly value some people over others? For one thing, instead of viewing home as a place of (false) stasis and permanence, we might see it as a place of continual change and renewal, which any home always becomes in practice anyway. As architect Hélène Frichot suggests, “we must look toward the immanent conditions of architecture, the processes it employs, the serial deformations of its built forms, together with our quotidian spatio-temporal practices” (63) instead of settling into a deadening nostalgia like that seen on EMHE. If we define home as a process of continual territorialisation, if we understand that “[t]here is no fixed self, only the process of looking for one,” and likewise that “there is no home, only the process of forming one” (Wise 303), perhaps we can begin to imagine a different, yet lovely conception of “house” and its relation to the experience of “home.” Extreme Makeover: Home Edition should be lauded for its attempts to include families of a wide variety of ethnic and racial backgrounds, various religions, from different regions around the U.S., both rural and suburban, even occasionally urban, and especially for its bringing to the fore how, indeed, structures can be as disabling as any individual impairment. That it shows designers and builders working with the families of the disabled to create accessible homes may help to change wider attitudes and break down resistance to the building of inclusive housing. 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Macgregor. “Home: Territory and Identity.” Cultural Studies 14.2 (2000): 295-310. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Roney, Lisa. "The Extreme Connection Between Bodies and Houses." M/C Journal 10.4 (2007). echo date('d M. Y'); ?> <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0708/03-roney.php>. APA Style Roney, L. (Aug. 2007) "The Extreme Connection Between Bodies and Houses," M/C Journal, 10(4). Retrieved echo date('d M. Y'); ?> from <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0708/03-roney.php>.