Academic literature on the topic 'Teenagers – Health risk assessment – Botswana'
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Journal articles on the topic "Teenagers – Health risk assessment – Botswana"
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Shutova, N. V., and Yuliya M. Baranova. "RISK ASSESSMENT OF INTERNET ADDICTION FOR THE MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 6 (March 27, 2019): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-6-568-572.
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We studied the effect of Internet addiction on the emotional symptoms (anxiety, aggressiveness and emotional stability) adolescents, and parental attitude to the problem of Internet addiction and Internet safety. The study involved 116 adolescents (13-14 years) and 120 parents. It was found that the level of self-evaluation, interpersonal, school and General anxiety in adolescents with Internet addiction are significantly higher than adolescents that do not have addiction. The level of aggression in adolescents with Internet addiction above the norm by 2,5 times. Adolescents with Internet addiction, three times more likely to have a low level of stress. Parents of teenagers did not know the basics of prevention of Internet addiction in their children and do not pay particular attention to the formation of information-psychological security on the Internet.
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Chirebvu, Elijah, Moses John Chimbari, and Barbara Ntombi Ngwenya. "Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission in Tubu Village, Northern Botswana." Malaria Research and Treatment 2014 (March 16, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403069.
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This study investigated potential risk factors associated with malaria transmission in Tubu village, Okavango subdistrict, a malaria endemic area in northern Botswana. Data was derived from a census questionnaire survey, participatory rural appraisal workshop, field observations, and mosquito surveys. History of malaria episodes was associated with several factors: household income (P<0.05), late outdoor activities (OR = 7.016; CI = 1.786–27.559), time spent outdoors (P=0.051), travel outside study area (OR = 2.70; CI = 1.004–7.260), nonpossession of insecticide treated nets (OR = 0.892; CI = 0.797–0.998), hut/house structure (OR = 11.781; CI = 3.868–35.885), and homestead location from water bodies (P<0.05). No associations were established between history of malaria episodes and the following factors: being a farmer (P>0.05) and number of nets possessed (P>0.05). Eave size was not associated with mosquito bites (P>0.05), frequency of mosquito bites (P>0.05), and time of mosquito bites (P>0.05). Possession of nets was very high (94.7%). Close proximity of a health facility and low vegetation cover were added advantages. Some of the identified risk factors are important for developing effective control and elimination strategies involving the community, with limited resources.
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Marinov, Dimitar B., and Darina N. Hristova. "BEHAVIORAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF TEENAGERS FROM VARNA." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 27, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 3549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2021271.3549.
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Adolescence is a key stage of life through which the patterns for physical activity, nutrition, and other health habits form. Aim: Evaluating the eating behavior of 401 high-school students from varna studying in 12th grade (11.2% of the whole group, used as a representative sample). Methods: FFQ (food frequency questionnaire) on 37 food groups, questionnaire for eating attitude, IPAQ (validated questionnaire for the physical activity in the last 7 days), anthropometrical measurements (height, weight, BMI). Results: Roughly 70% of students in 12th grade who are underweight, overweight (OW), or obese ate regular breakfast, compared to 84% of those with normal weight. This was the most commonly skipped meal of the day. We found a statistically significant correlation between BMI in boys and eating breakfast regularly. (r=-0.473**, p<0.001). Skipping breakfast is quite common (49,7%) among OW girls. Its correlation with BMI is also significant (r=-0.492**, p<.001). White bread and other bakery products are consumed very often by both genders. Consumption of fruits and vegetables, milk (51,3%), and fish (68%) is low amongst adolescent girls. In contrast, male students have at least 2 portions of milk or milk products daily (94,5%). This finding correlates positively with their BMI (r=0.401**, p<0.001). There is a normal BMI in 60.7% of female and 67.2% of male students (18,5-24,9кg/m2). 23,5% of female students in 12th grade are underweight, especially those with physical activity that is higher than average (38,9%). Conclusion: Large percentage of the female students in 12th grade wish to lose bodyweight, including those in the underweight group. Low self-esteem and restrictive dieting can increase the risk of eating disorders in young girls.
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Kuchma, V. R., L. M. Sukhareva, Irina K. Rapoport, E. I. Shubochkina, N. A. Skoblina, and O. Yu Milushkina. "POPULATION HEALTH OF CHILDREN, RISKS TO HEALTH AND SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF STUDENTS: PROBLEMS, WAYS OF SOLUTION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE ACTIVITY." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 10 (March 27, 2019): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-10-990-995.
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Results of the analytical development of data of the official statistical reporting on morbidity on negotiability of children and teenagers of the city of Moscow during 2005-2013 have shown the preservation of steady negative trends in the rise of the general morbidity, incidences of respiratory and school-related diseases, including diseases of musculoskeletal system, myopia etc. According to the longitudinal study of the state of health and physical development of the Moscow school pupils from 1 to 11 classes (2005-2015) the gain of the prevalence rate of functional disorders and chronic diseases in the course of school ontogenesis has been shown. The leading violations of students’ health with a tendency to increase in the prevalence rate are: functional violations of the musculoskeletal system, blood circulatory system, organ of vision, neuro-psychiatric disorders, as well as chronic diseases of musculoskeletal system, digestive and vision organs. In all age and sex groups of schoolchildren there is a reliable increase in body length and weight, chest circumference, acceleration of biological maturation in comparison with peers of the last decades. Indices of the muscular force of the right hand in modern schoolchildren have decreased in comparison with the supervision of 1960s and 1980s. The necessary condition of health preservation of children and teenagers is the providing safe and optimum conditions of education, training and life activity. The assessment of the efficiency of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of training conditions of children and teenagers has shown an insufficient informational content of the assessment of a sanitary state of educational organizations on groups of sanitary and epidemiologic wellbeing (SEW). Institutions with the reduced SEW level (2 groups) were proved to have a significantly higher risk of formation of diseases, including school caused diseases. It has been developed a modern classification of the assessment of conditions and modes of training of children at the school characterizing the risk degree to health of students of training conditions (optimum, admissible, potentially dangerous and dangerous). In addition new standard and methodical documents on carrying out sanitary-epidemiological expertise for the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of students in secondary schools have been developed and proved.
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Smith, Jennifer Lawson, S. Rachel Skinner, and Jennifer Fenwick. "Preconception reflections, postconception intentions: the before and after of birth control in Australian adolescent females." Sexual Health 10, no. 4 (2013): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13020.
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Background The relationship between pregnancy intentions and contraceptive behaviour is difficult to establish. This study explored the contraceptive histories of teenagers with a recent experience of pregnancy to generate qualitative profiles of pregnancy intentions. Subsequent intentions in relation to birth control were also examined. Methods: A purposive sample of female teenagers aged 14–19 years was recruited from various clinical and community-based antenatal and postnatal services and termination services across the Perth metropolitan area. The current analysis was based on a total of 56 semistructured interviews. A two-staged process of thematic analysis was conducted to identify commonalities emerging from the narrative data. Results: Three pregnancy intention profiles were identified: 1) unplanned, unwanted, unlikely; 2) planned, wanted, likely; and 3) unplanned, ambivalent, likely. Each profile represents variation in pathways to pregnancy based on teenagers’ accounts of pregnancy desires, personal responsibility over contraceptive use, and perceptions of pregnancy risk. Regardless of the way that pregnancy was resolved (i.e. termination or childbirth), similar postconception intentions surrounding birth control emerged through a shared discourse of pregnancy avoidance across the sample. Conclusions: Exploring adolescents’ understandings of the decisions and behaviours that lead to pregnancy will assist in the development of more accurate assessment tools to identify those at risk of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies. Our research also suggests that the provision of contraceptive counselling immediately after conception, followed by ongoing support, may help to maintain strong intentions to delay further pregnancies as identified in our study.
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Connor, Martin, Laurie Springford, and Stefano Giuliani. "Transition Risk Assessment Score to Stratify Health Care Needs and Interventions in Adolescents with Anorectal Malformations: A Pilot Study." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 27, no. 04 (November 30, 2016): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1593980.
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Introduction Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are a complex collection of congenital disorders of the anus, rectum, and genitourinary system with possible active morbidities beyond adolescence. Aims To create the first evidence-based inclusive transition risk assessment score (TRAS) to stratify health care needs and interventions in teenagers with ARM transitioning to adult health care. Method MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched electronically for original articles containing published scoring systems evaluating children with ARM from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2013. Current published scoring systems identified were weighted to create a novel score (TRAS) to objectively assess the most common active problems present in teenagers with ARM: fecal, urinary, and sexual functions; quality of life; and psychosocial well-being. The TRAS was applied to patients visiting our tertiary anorectal clinic in the period from January 2014 to March 2016. Patients were rescored on each visit to the clinic. Results Total 21 separate scoring systems were identified in the literature, with 3 scoring systems incorporated into the TRAS. The score divided patients into “low” (0–4), “medium” (5–10), and “high” (11–35) risk categories. The TRAS was used to assess 14 adolescents with ARMs during the study period; 14 patients had a single TRAS, 7 had two TRAS, and 3 had three TRAS assessments. At first visit 14 patients with a median age of 13 were assessed with TRAS ranging from 2 to 13 (M = 5, SD 3.33, 95% CI 3.08–7.68). At second visit seven patients with a median age of 15 were assessed with TRAS ranging from 2 to 12 (M = 6.43, SD 3.51, 95% CI 3.19–9.67). At third visit three patients with a median age of 16 were assessed with TRAS ranging from 6 to 12 (M = 8.33, SD 3.21, 95% CI 0.35–16.32). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between a patient's TRAS at different visits. Conclusion Preliminary data suggest that the TRAS is a holistic and effective clinical tool to help to objectively stratify ARM patients, identify active problems, and select those who may require intensive multidisciplinary input and interventions during the transition to adult health care services.
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Jaudenes, Juan R., Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Soraya Paz, Carmen Rubio, and Arturo Hardisson. "Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 6582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186582.
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Fluoride is a halogen found in soil and water from natural and anthropogenic sources. Foods, such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables, among others, absorb and accumulate fluoride. High intakes of this element produce toxic effects such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride content was determined in a total of 144 samples from different food groups (cereals and derivatives, fruits, tree nuts, dry fruits, mushrooms, vegetables, and legumes) using selective fluoride ion potentiometry. The fluoride concentration stood out in almonds (3.70 ± 0.96 mg/kg), walnuts (3.53 ± 0.62 mg/kg), bread (2.54 ± 0.85 mg/kg), and rice (2.28 ± 0.93 mg/kg). Consumption of 236 g/day of bread or 263 g/day of rice represents 100% of the recommended daily intake (DRI) set at 0.6 mg/day for children aged 1–3 years. In the case of rice consumption by children of these ages, it is recommended to use bottled water for rice preparation. The consumption of the analyzed foods by teenagers and adults does not pose a health risk.
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Amedonu, Edem Kojo, Joshua Kwabena Aniaku, and Adam Fusheini. "Assessment of High School Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Vaccination Status of Hepatitis B Virus in Hohoe, Ghana: A Cross-sectional Study." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (June 21, 2020): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010298.
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Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a highly infectious disease and a major global public health threat. About one-third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia, regarded as high prevalence regions of between 5-10% of the adult population chronically infected. Comprehensive knowledge of HBV in highly endemic areas like Ghana among population groups is crucial to mitigating the effects of the disease. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of students of two high schools on the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region of Ghana to identify and describe their risk of infection, attitude, test, and vaccination status. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in the two Senior High Schools. The survey involved 244 students of both boys and girls from years one to three. Recruitment was through a stratified simple random sampling technique. Data was collected via respondents’ self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using STATA version 12.0. Results: The results of the study showed moderate knowledge, especially of the modes of transmission and prevention among the majority of the respondents (89.2%). Protection against the virus was a concern as about 19.5% reported receiving the HBV vaccine, with 7.2% completing all three doses. Respondents also showed a generally positive disposition towards the disease. The school and mass media were the main sources of information about HBV. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that high school students (teenagers) have various misconceptions about HBV as the majority of students in the Hohoe municipality had moderate knowledge of HBV. The study also established that teenagers are at risk of contracting the virus, given the low vaccination status, as seen in the study.
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Van de Vijver, Els, Andrea Bertilde Schreuder, Wybrich Riemke Cnossen, Anna Caecilia Muller Kobold, and Patrick Ferry van Rheenen. "Safely ruling out inflammatory bowel disease in children and teenagers without referral for endoscopy." Archives of Disease in Childhood 97, no. 12 (September 27, 2012): 1014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-301206.
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BackgroundUp to 70% of children and teenagers referred to a paediatric gastroenterology centre with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) do not have the disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether faecal calprotectin as an ‘add-on test’ improves the specificity of the clinical case definition for suspected IBD in a general paediatric practice.DesignA prospective diagnostic accuracy study.SettingSix outpatient clinics for general paediatrics and one tertiary care hospital in the Netherlands.Patients117 children and teenagers with a clinical suspicion of IBD.Diagnostic testsFaecal calprotectin was measured (index test) in all patients. Patients with a high index of suspicion on the basis of the paediatrician's global assessment, physical examination and blood results were referred for endoscopy (reference standard). Children and teenagers who were not selected for endoscopy initially were followed for half a year for the appearance of possible additional symptoms (delayed type reference standard).Primary outcomeThe proportion of referred patients with confirmed IBD.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 14 years (range 6–18). A total of 42 (36%) had confirmed IBD. The paediatricians, who were blinded to the faecal calprotectin result, referred 68 children and teenagers for endoscopy. If they had referred only those patients with a positive faecal calprotectin result (>50 μg/g), 54 patients would have undergone endoscopy.LimitationThe study relied on clinical follow-up to detect missed IBD.ConclusionsA diagnostic strategy in general paediatric practice of using a simple clinical case definition for suspected IBD in combination with a positive faecal calprotectin result increases the specificity to detect IBD and reduces the need for referral to a paediatric gastroenterology centre with a very low risk of missing cases.
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Budin, Corina Eugenia, Corina Marginean, Ioana Roxana Bordea, Liviu Sorin Enache, Elena Luminita Enache, Bianca Liana Grigorescu, Levente Biro, Elena Rusu, Roxana Maria Nemes, and Doina Adina Todea. "The Influence of Smoking on Nicotine Exposure Biomarkers and Inflammatory Profile Among Foster Care Teenagers, Romania." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 12 (January 15, 2019): 3659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.12.6814.
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Foster care young people have an increased overall risk for the development of chronic health conditions.Smoking is a major risk factor for many conditions with inflammatory component. We performed a cross-sectional pilot study to assess the correlation between tobacco consumption status and inflammatory profile among adolescents living with foster parents in the central region of Romania. A number of 35 teenagers aged 10-18 were enrolled. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture for complete blood count (CBC), fibrinogen, Interleukin-6 (IL 6), C reactive protein (CRP). Exhaled CO was measured and urine samples were collected in the same session for cotinine assessment. Of the 123 teenagers initially enrolled, 35 completed the entire study protocol. Urinary cotinine accurately reflected smoker status. Smoking did not affect hemoglobin levels or other hematological parameters in foster care teenagers. The value of C-reactive protein was higher in smokers. Plasma fibrinogen correlated with the daily number of cigarettes. Interleukin-6 did not correlate with the smoker status or the daily number of cigarettes consumed. Our study highlights the existence of an inflammatory response to smoking in foster care adolescents, a social category otherwise predisposed to various addictive behaviors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Teenagers – Health risk assessment – Botswana"
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Cain, Hal M. (Hal Martin). "A Comparison of the Perceptions of Future Adult Functioning of Adolescents with Spina Bifida, Their Parents, and Adolescents without an Identified Disability." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501125/.
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A study was conducted to investigate factors associated with the perceived future self-efficacy in adolescents with spina bifida. Thirteen adolescents with spina bifida and their parents were surveyed. Seventeen adolescents without an identified disability and their parents were also surveyed. The Questionnaire of Future Adult Activities (QFAA) and the Health Attribution Test (HAT) were administered. Parent responses were compared to those of adolescents and adolescent responses were compared between groups. There was no overall correlation between parent and adolescent responses. Differences were found between responses of adolescents with spina bifida and adolescents without an identified disability. Limited correlations were found between the QFAA and the HAT.
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Ripka, Wagner Luis. "Modelos matemáticos para estimativa da gordura corporal de adolescentes utilizando dobras cutâneas, a partir da absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2865.
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Introdução: Estudos têm encontrado uma transição da obesidade da população adulta para crianças e adolescentes, que por sua vez, pode acarretar manifestações clínicas, como: doenças coronarianas, diabetes tipo 2, e complicações psicossociais cada vez mais precocemente. Contudo, métodos para avaliação da composição corporal para essa faixa etária, principalmente envolvendo técnicas de baixo custo como as medidas de dobras cutâneas (DC) apresentam imprecisões em estudos brasileiros. Fator o qual pode levar a uma interpretação equivocada da composição corporal dos avaliados. Objetivo: desenvolver novos modelos matemáticos utilizando medidas de DC, tendo como referência a absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA), para estimativa de massa de gordura (G) em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo onde foram avaliados 416 adolescentes do gênero masculino de 12 a 17 anos, sendo 42 destinados para compor a amostra de validação da pesquisa. Foram coletadas medidas de massa corporal total, estatura, circunferência da cintura e quadril, nove pontos anatômicos baseados em DC: bíceps, tríceps, subescapular, peitoral, axilar média, abdominal, supra-ilíaca, coxa e panturrilha, além da G e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) aferida com a tecnologia de DXA. Para o desenvolvimento das equações foi utilizado um modelo de regressão linear múltipla através do método de mínimos quadrados ordinários (OLS). Resultados: O grupo apresentou índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio de 21,25±4,12kg/m² e %G = 20,57±5,80%. A partir do %G, a prevalência de excesso de gordura foi verificada em 38,3% dos adolescentes. O impacto da gordura na DMO dos adolescentes indicou uma associação na ordem de r = -0,358; p<0,005, sendo verificada redução de até 14% da DMO para a região da coluna em adolescentes com obesidade em comparação aos eutróficos. O desenvolvimento de novos modelos matemáticos que atendessem critérios de alto coeficiente de determinação (R²), baixo erro padrão de estimativa (EPE), controle de colinearidade, normalidades dos resíduos, homoscedasticidade e praticidade, possibilitaram a apresentação de três opções com R² = 0,932 e EPE 1,79; R² = 0,912 e EPE = 1,78; R² = 0,850 e EPE = 1,87, respectivamente. Em todas as opções, as variáveis idade e estatura foram empregadas, bem como as DC de tríceps e subescapular. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de novos modelos matemáticos para a avaliação da gordura corporal em adolescentes com resultados superiores aos modelos existentes na literatura.Introduction: Studies have found a transition from obesity of the adult population to children and adolescents, which in turn, can lead to clinical manifestations, such as: coronary diseases, type 2 diabetes, and psychosocial complications increasingly early. However, methods for evaluating nutritional status for this age group, mainly involving low cost techniques such as skinfold thickness measurements (ST), are imprecise in Brazilian studies. Factor which can lead to a mistaken interpretation of the body composition of the evaluated ones. Objective: To develop new mathematical models, based on DC measurements, based on dual energy X-rays absorptiometry (DXA), to estimate fat mass (G) in adolescents. Methods: This was an exploratory descriptive study in which 416 male adolescents aged 12 to 17 years were evaluated, 42 of whom were separated to compose the study validation sample. Measurements of total body mass, stature, waist and hip circumference were obtained, nine anatomical points based on ST: biceps, triceps, subscapular, pectoral, mid axillary, abdominal, suprailiac, thigh and calf muscles, as well as G and bone mineral density (BMD) measured with DXA technology. For the development of the equations, a multiple linear regression model was used by the ordinary least square (OLS) method. Results: The group had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 21.25± 4.12 kg / m² and %G = 20.57 ± 5.80%. From %G, the prevalence of excess fat was verified in 38.3% of adolescents. The impact of fat on adolescent BMD indicated an association in the order of r = -0.358; P <0.005, with BMD reduction up to 14% for the spine region in adolescents with obesity compared to eutrophic. The development of new mathematical models that meet criteria of high coefficient of determination (R²), low standard error of estimation (SEE), control of colinearity, residue normalities, homoscedasticity and practicality, allowed the presentation of three options with R² = 0.932 and SEE 1.79; R² = 0.912 and SEE = 1.78; R² = 0.850 and SEE = 1.87, respectively. In all the options, the variables age and height were employed, as well as triceps and subscapular ST. Conclusion: The results obtained evidenced the possibility of developing new mathematical models for the evaluation of body fat in adolescents with results superior to the existing models in the literature.
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Mgomezulu, Victor Yobe. "Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/606.
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Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana.
This study explores the involvement of stakeholders in strategic planning to mitigate the effect of HIV and AIDS in secondary education in Botswana. The prevalence of HIV and AIDS-related illness and deaths is high in Botswana and affects both teachers and learners. Education provision has been affected through increased mortality and morbidity and increased absenteeism which affect education-related personnel and the demand for education has been reduced due to growing numbers of orphaned and vulnerable children as a consequence of parent/guardian mortality and morbidity related to HIV and AIDS. The problem was investigated by means of a literature review and an empirical inquiry which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection. Based on the findings, in addition to medical and other interventions, an education management approach is required to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. The strategies of coping, caring and preventing have been effective in this regard. Some internal stakeholders of the Department of Secondary Education (DSE) are not meaningfully involved in strategic planning. Similarly, most of the selected external stakeholders were not involved in the DSE HIV and AIDS strategic plan. Both external and internal stakeholders should be involved at all stages of planning. Furthermore, inducement-contribution exchanges and teacher credibility should be considered in a strategic plan. To improve the current DSE strategic plan, a stakeholder involvement model to involve internal and external stakeholders was designed. Based on this model and the above findings, recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research are made.Educational Studies
D.Ed.(Educational Management)
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Siperko, Christel Marie Helene. "Prevalence and determinants of adolescent sexual risk behavior." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/576.
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Geba, Gregory Peter. "Particle-associated air toxics exposure risk among inner city adolescents." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8DZ0K0F.
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The increase in global population witnessed over recent years poses major threats to the quality of the air we breathe. Coupled with population growth in many developed countries, often driven by immigration, there have been substantial increases in the populations of developing countries. At the same time, an increasing number of individuals live in urban environments.
In order to assess risk of exposure to hazardous air pollutants (air toxics) in the inner city, where a susceptible population resides, data obtained from high school students in the New York and Los Angeles TEACH (Toxic Exposure Assessment: A Columbia-Harvard Study) studies, were analyzed, with the three main objectives to:
1). Assess, characterize, quantify and compare directly-measured personal air toxics exposures from New York and Los Angeles;
2). Assess, quantify and compare the concentrations and temporal and spatial variability of air toxics measured in the outdoor urban microenvironments of these two cities;
3). Determine if personal air toxics exposures could be modeled using available time-activity information, coupled with measured microenvironmental air pollution inputs.
The main findings of this research revealed substantial differences between New York and Los Angeles in the quantity and quality of particle-associated personal air toxics exposures in these two cities. Students across cities exhibited similar levels of personal exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5) and to high levels of sulfates (greater in Los Angeles than New York; both likely of vehicular traffic origin). Different patterns of exposure to particle-associated air toxics was observed in the two cities and across seasons. In New York, students demonstrated substantially higher exposures to iron, cobalt, and manganese, likely of subway origin, than their counterparts in Los Angeles, who exhibited higher exposures to calcium, aluminum, magnesium (likely of crustal origin). Across seasons, within cities, differences were also detected, with higher levels of air toxics exposures shown in New York in the winter than in the summer for nearly 80% of the analytes, similar to the general pattern (winter vs. fall) in Los Angeles.
With respect to outdoor air toxics concentrations, in general terms, crustal sources of air toxics were detected in both cities, though in Los Angeles these levels tended to be higher than in New York, often significantly. Anthropogenic sources were evident in each of the cities to varying degrees. Sulfates were detected at comparable high levels across both cities, though the levels tended to be higher and variability of concentrations of this air pollutant was greater Los Angeles than New York, likely reflecting differences both in patterns of traffic and built environment. Various approaches taken to model spatial and temporal variability of outdoor air toxics concentrations using mixed procedures showed city-specific, spatial and temporal variance patterns of air toxics. Using location and time (day) inputs, in New York, Zn, Pt, and Sn were among the elements with highest spatial variability in the summer, whereas in the winter, Co and La (possibly of subway origin) showed high spatial-temporal variance. In Los Angeles on the other hand, highest spatial to temporal variance ratios were noted for Cs, Ni and K in the fall and Ni, As and Mg in the winter. Each city also revealed different patterns of temporally dominant air toxics, consistent with variable-in-time excursions in air toxics reflecting remote, upwind sources.
Using regression modeling that accounted for the distribution of measured personal air toxics, coupled with available time-activity diary data from TEACH and assignment of those activities to specific measured microenvironments, modeling of personal exposures yielded generally strong coefficients of determination, explanatory power and could be cross-validated. Important findings included the role of the indoor environment in predicting personal exposures and the degree to which a small percentage of time spent in the transit environment could affect exposures to trace elements from this source. Although the majority of elements could be predicted in large part by indoor exposures, not simply as a reflection of outdoor air toxics concentrations, the inclusion of other microenvironments, in many cases substantially increased the predictive power of the models generated.
The research pursued in this thesis project further details and underscores the risk of air toxics exposures of young residents of the inner city, which, unlike workplace and environmental standards that traditionally may have been based on single exposures, are characterized by exposures to low level complex mixtures of air toxics. In aggregate, these mixtures may have different health consequences than more intense single pollutant exposures. Data generated here may help to inform planning of air quality monitoring approaches in the inner city, as well as provide one template for predictive modeling of human exposures to air toxics in that complex environment, to reduce the need for direct personal measurements to assess exposure risk. This may ultimately contribute to approaches to mitigate air toxics exposures and its consequences for an expanding global population residing in the world's inner cities.
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Guerriere, Theresa. "Implications for Providing Access to Driver’s Education for Disabled Students: Results of Related Health Assessments." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-t2gb-3g31.
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Increasing the independence of students with disabilities involves an in-depth assessment of their inclusion in driver’s education. This study addresses (a) the plight of disabled students within the state of New Jersey who are unable to access driver’s education, despite the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act; (b) the need to evaluate the potential role of health educators in conducting individualized health assessments to determine the readiness, motivation, and self-efficacy of students with disabilities to participate in driver’s education; (c) the perceived benefits and barriers to the participation of students with disabilities in driver’s education including the need for individually tailored accommodations; and (d) whether the goal of driving is appropriate and accessible for students with disabilities. A case-study approach was used in this research to evaluate the innovative practice of school health educators conducting individualized health assessments of current students and some graduates of the study-site university. The school implemented the described innovation during the academic years of 2007-08 and 2008-09. This research was also designed with a mixed-method approach including quantitative data limited to frequencies and percentages and qualitative data collected from student interviews. The findings indicate that the ability of students with disabilities to drive is beneficial to their quality of life. Driving significantly impacts the self-esteem, independence, and personal freedom of this population, as well as their overall freedom to travel.
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MacFarlane, L. C. (Linda Carol). "Resilience therapy : a group intervention programme to promote the psychological wellness of adolescents at risk." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17281.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the feasibility of inculcating resilience skills in adolescents using
the forum of group therapy. Resilience equals the ability to surmount life's obstacles and
continue towards self-actualisation, regardless. The study was initiated by the writer's
masters thesis, which delineated the profile and characteristics of resilient adolescents.
The writer believed that an intervention programme to effect resilience was overdue.
Adolescents were generally afforded therapy re-actively. If intervention was to be an
exercise in wellness, rather than in repair, a pro-active intervention programme targeting
resilience had to be designed.
This study focuses on the provision of such a programme. The intervention programme is
semi-structured and spans twelve one hour sessions. The intervention programme
specifically targets adolescents, given the amplified vulnerability associated with this
developmental phase. Should resilience be sabotaged during this phase of life, the
repercussions are thought to be lasting.
Group therapy was chosen as the forum for intervention, given its suitability to
adolescents. Adolescents are peer-group-minded, suggesting that therapeutic intervention
by means of group work, would be ideal, if competently lead.
The personal attributes impacting on the ability to surmount life's challenges are targeted
as an interrelated whole by the group therapy intervention programme involving an
experimental group of six adolescents, who appear to have turned their backs on self-
actualisation. A control group, which receives no intervention, provides a contrasting
profile. The study aims to provide educational psychologists with an intervention
programme and an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon of resilience, so that
vulnerable youngsters might ultimately be therapeutically assisted to choose a more
resilient attitude and behaviour.
The results of the study suggest the feasibility of inculcating resilience skills. Four of the
six group members in the experimental group show marked improvement. Of the
remaining two members, one shows some amelioration of vulnerability. Furthermore,
results suggest that personal choice underlies resilience, implying that resilience can be
coached. Additionally, it would seem that schools can play a leading role in this coaching
by facilitating intervention groups.Psychology of Education
D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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McGregor, Kyle A. "New approaches to research with vulnerable populations - interdisciplinary application of a framework for vulnerability and adolescent capacity to consent." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/8035.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Children's and adolescents' capacity to provide valid informed consent is one of the key ethical concerns in pediatric research, and the focus of this project. The original contribution to knowledge is the advancement of both conceptual and empirical bioethical approaches to research with vulnerable populations. First, a review of adolescent vulnerability is presented to highlight the complex interplay between capacity and other forms of vulnerability. This review is offered as an interdisciplinary analysis to better understand why the study of vulnerable populations is critical to the ethical advancement of clinical research. Results from this analysis suggest the need for enhanced screening techniques as well as the utilization of specialized staff to identify and reduce the impact of different forms of vulnerability. The primary tasks of the empirical portion of the dissertation were to: (1) Adapt a validated adult competency assessment tool for clinical research, the MacArthur Competency Assessment Tool for Clinical Research, to assess the capacity of children and adolescents to consent to clinical research; (2) Identify predictors that impact children and adolescents’ capacity to provide consent to clinical research; and (3) assess differences and similarities in capacity between healthy and chronically ill children and adolescents. Overall results suggest adolescent capacity to consent to research was similar to adults, and most strongly associated with their family's socioeconomic status as well as their level of health literacy. These findings contrast starkly with the age-based criterion for providing consent currently utilized in assent and consent determinations. These findings also provide insights into ways to ethically involve youth in complex biomedical research.
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Sekgobela, Constance Balahliye. "Pregnancy-related challenges encountered by student nurses at the South African Military Health Services Nursing College." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/727.
Full textAbstract:
This study identified pregnancy-related challenges encountered by student nurses at SAMHS Nursing College, with an aim of identify factors contributing to student nurses' pregnancies as well as finding ways to deal and minimize the rate of the pregnancies amongst the student nurses. Thirty (30) structured interviews were conducted with student nurses who were pregnant and those who delivered their babies during the period 2002 to 2007. It has been revealed that ignorance is the major contributing factor for student nurses' pregnancies, 63% of the pregnancies were not planned, 52% of the respondents related their pregnancies to risk taking as they engaged in unprotected sex without the use of contraceptives, and thus it was concluded that student nurses are engaging themselves in risk behaviours and also engaging in unsafe sexual practices. The study also found that student nurses face physical, social, emotional as well as academic problems during pregnancy and after the delivery of their babies.
Student nurses should be encouraged to use condoms and other methods of contraception, coupled with educating them on life skills, provision of recreational facilities; provision of counseling and support services may be the tool to minimise the unplanned pregnancies.Health Studies
(M.A.(Public Health ))
Books on the topic "Teenagers – Health risk assessment – Botswana"
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Project, Montana Health Promotion and Education. Teen health risk appraisal. Helena, Mont: Health Promotion and Education Project, Montana Dept. of Health and Envir. Sciences, 1987.
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Owen, Patricia G. Alaska youth risk behavior survey, 2007 & 2009. Anchorage, AK: The Section, 2011.
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Sloan, Matt. Wisconsin youth risk behavior survey. Madison, Wis. (125 South Webster St., Madison 53707-7841): Wisconsin Dept. of Public Instruction, 2000.
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South Dakota. Coordinated School Health Program. South Dakota youth risk behavior survey trend data, 1991-2001. Pierre, SD: Coordinated School Health, DECA, 2002.
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Bleich, Alan Ralph. Coping with health risks and risky behavior. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1990.
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Gates, Ward K. Wyoming 1997 youth risk behavior survey. Cheyenne, WY: Wyoming Dept. of Education, 1997.
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Palm, Rebel. 2001 New Mexico youth risk & resiliency survey: Report of state results. Santa Fe, N.M: New Mexico State Dept. of Education, 2002.
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Unit, New Mexico Department of Education School Health. New Mexico youth risk & resiliency survey: 2003 report of state results. Santa Fe, N.M: New Mexico Department of Health, 2004.
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Zhuravleva, I. V. Zdorovʹe podrostkov: Sot︠s︡iologicheskiĭ analiz. Moskva: Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk, In-t sot︠s︡iologii, 2002.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Teenagers – Health risk assessment – Botswana"
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Tikhomirova, L. F., T. G. Kiseleva, N. M. Burykina, and E. A. Nezhdanova. "Comprehensive Assessment of Morbidity Risk Factors Among Children and Teenagers." In International Scientific and Practical Conference on Education, Health and Human Wellbeing (ICEDER 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceder-19.2020.72.
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"Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals via Dietary intake of Vegetables Irrigated with treated Wastewater around Gaborone, Botswana." In International Conference on Plant, Marine and Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0115069.
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