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1
Abels, Melissa Dione. "Assessing the high-risk behaviour of first year students entering the University of the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4120_1256202100.
Full textAbstract:
the motivation of this study is to assess the high risk behaviors that contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS among the youth. The most influential high risk behaviours that contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS are unprotected sexual intercourse and having more than one sexual partner.The population for this study includes all full time first year students who registered for the first time in 2006 that attended the orientation week. A stratified, sequential random sample was drawn from the students attending the orientation.
2
Hayhurst, Lynne K. "The relationship between unwanted sexual experiences, psychological well-being, substance abuse and high-risk sexual behaviour among adolescents." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032007-085454/.
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3
Takatshana, Sinovuyo. "The impact of alcohol on the sexual behaviour of adolescent males in Nkonkobe municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005986.
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The study aimed at investigating the impact of alcohol on the sexual behaviour of male adolescents, with the purpose of establishing whether a relationship exists between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour (i.e. multiple partners, unprotected, and unplanned sex) by adolescent males. Data was collected by means of an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 176 male high school learners, aged between 14 and 25, from one school in the Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to obtain data analyses which included descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation (with specific reference to Chi-square analysis), and all procedures were performed at 0.05 level of significance with 95% Confidence Interval. A relationship between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour was found to exist. A statistically significant correlation was found in support of the alcohol/risky sex hypothesis. Another significant finding was the increase noted in safer sex practises among adolescents. Finally, the findings were correlated to implications.
4
Ntutumbo, Nyameka. "Risky sexual behaviour in child headed families: a case study of Qora Village, Idutywa, Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2139.
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The study considered the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour in child headed families that usually affects the adolescents in South Africa. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour in child headed families, determining the causal factors of sexual promiscuous behaviour and effects of promiscuity. The area of investigation was Qora Village which is in a small town called Idutywa, Eastern Cape. This is an area that is characterised by poverty, illiteracy and unemployment. The sample was comprised of 50 participants and the study was conducted in two phases using mixed methods approach. Social exchange theory underpinned the study. Findings highlighted that these child headed adolescents had a role of caregivers and due to poverty they practiced risky sexual behaviour to bridge the economic gap. Furthermore, teenagers living in child headed families were likely to engage in risky sexual behaviour with people who are older than them; others are forced and coerced; while others perceive such act as a better option to bridge the economic gap that existed within their family backgrounds
5
Burger, Catherin-Ann. "Heterosexual context and adolescent sexual risk-taking behaviour : an exploratative study in a coloured community." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51788.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A combined quantitative and qualitative methodology was employed in order to explore the intimate heterosexual context of coloured* pregnant adolescents as a determinant of their sexual risk-taking behaviour. Structured questionnaires were completed by forty young women attending prenatal clinics in the Stellenbosch area, and unstructured open-ended interviews subsequently conducted with ten selected respondents. It was found that the heterosexual relationships in which these girls were involved, tended to be intense emotional attachments based upon a foundation of friendship and trust, and reinforced by cultural notions of romantic love. In the wake of working class socioeconomic circumstances these relationships became a primary source of meaning-giving in respondents' lives, pervading all aspects of their everyday existence and guiding their future prospects. And it is in this context that sex prevailed as a means of deepening the emotional experience and pursuing relationship maintenance. Reproductive health interventions for coloured female adolescents would have to acknowledge these complexities and act upon them in ingenuous ways.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Gekombineerde kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodologie is geïmplementeer ten einde te bepaal op welke wyse die intieme heteroseksuele konteks van kleurling* swanger adolessente hulle seksueel riskante gedrag beïnvloed. Gestruktureerde vraelyste is voltooi deur veertig jong vroue wat prenatale klinieke in die Stellenbosch area bygewoon het, waarop ongestruktureerde nie-leidende onderhoude met tien geselekteerde respondente gevoer is. Dit is bevind dat hierdie meisies se heteroseksuele verhoudings meestal intense emosionele verbintenisse was, wat gebaseer is op 'n grondslag van vriendskap en vertroue, en wat versterk is deur kulturele opvattings van romantiese liefde. In die lig van werkersklas sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede, het hierdie verhoudings 'n primêre bron van betekenis in respondente se lewens geword. Dit het alle aspekte van hulle daaglikse bestaan beïnvloed en hulle toekomsvooruitsigte gerig. En dit is binne sodanige konteks wat seks beoefen is. Dit was instrumenteel ten einde verdieping van die emosionele ervaring en voortsetting van die verhouding te probeer bewerkstellig. Reproduktiewe gesondheidsintervensies vir kleurling vroulike adolessente sal erkenning moet gee aan hierdie kompleksiteite en vindingryke oplossings daarvoor moet genereer.
6
Wang, Zhaohua. "Parent-adolescent communication and sexual risk-taking behaviours of adolescents." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2068.
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Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa, it is important to understand the sexual behaviours that place youth at risk of HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unwanted pregnancies in order to develop and implement appropriate health-promoting interventions. Parents are in a unique position to help adolescents to have responsible attitudes and behaviour towards sex, and to educate adolescents into healthy sexual adults. The study aimed to investigate parent-adolescent communication and adolescents’ sexual risk-taking behaviour, and the relationship between them. An exploratory, descriptive research design and a quantitative methodological approach were used. One biographical questionnaire, three measuring scales of parent-adolescent communication and one questionnaire about adolescent sexual risk-taking behaviour were used as measuring instruments. Data from 95 female adolescents who were attending the family planning facilities of two clinics in the Metropole Region of the Western Cape were employed for the study. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlations, analyses of variance and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed a high prevalence of sexual risk-taking behaviours among adolescents in the Western Cape. Family environment characteristics, especially the parents’ marital status, play a significant role in both parent-adolescent communication and sexual risk-taking behaviour. Unexpected findings were some significant correlations that were found between different factors of both general and sexual parent-adolescent communication. Spearman’s correlations and best subsets multiple regression analysis were performed on the data to ascertain which factors are significantly correlated or associated with adolescent sexual risk-taking behaviour. In both statistical analyses, the amount of parent-adolescent communication about sexual issues was the most important. A significant negative correlation between adolescents’ sexual risk-taking behaviours and the amount of parent-adolescent communication about sexual issues illustrates the positive influence of amount of parent-adolescent sexual communication on adolescents’ sexual risk-taking behaviour.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die groeiende MIV/VIGS epidemie in Suid-Afrika is dit belangrik om te verstaan watter gedrag jong mense in gevaar stel om MIV of ander seksueel oordraagbare siektes op te doen of om ongewens swanger te word om daardeur programme wat hierdie gedrag verminder, te kan ontwikkel en implementeer. Ouers is in ‘n unieke posisie om te verseker dat hulle adolessente kinders verantwoordelike houdings en optrede teenoor seks ontwikkel en om hulle op te voed tot volwassenes wat ‘n gesonde houding tot seks het. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verhouding tussen ouer-adolessente kommunikasie en die seksuele waaggedrag van jong mense te ondersoek en die verhouding tussen hulle te bepaal. ‘n Ondersoekende, beskrywende navorsingsontwerp en ‘n kwantitatiewe metodologiese benadering is gebruik. ‘n Biografiese vraelys, drie vraelyste oor ouer-adolessente kommunikasie en een vraelys oor die seksuele waaggedrag van jong mense is deur 95 adolessente meisies voltooi wat die gesinsbeplanningsfasiliteite by twee klinieke in die Wes-Kaapse metropool besoek het. Die data is ontleed deur die berekening van Spearman (Rho)-korrelasies, variansieontleding, meervoudige regressie-analise en beskrywende statistiek. Die bevindings dui op ‘n hoë voorkoms van seksuele waaggedrag onder adolessente in die Wes-Kaap. Gesinsomstandighede, veral die ouers se huwelikstatus, speel ‘n belangrike rol in ouer-adolessente kommunikasie en seksuele waaggedrag. Onvoorsiene bevindings was die beduidende korrelasies tussen verskillende faktore van beide algemene en seksuele ouer-adolessente kommunikasie. Spearman-korrelasies en best subsets meervoudige regressie-analise is op die data uitgevoer om te bepaal watter faktore betekenisvol met adolessente waaggedrag korreleer of daarmee geassosieer is. In beide statistiese analises is gevind dat die hoeveelheid ouer-adolessente kommunikasie oor seksuele kwessies die belangrikste was. Daar was ‘n statisties beduidende negatiewe korrelasie tussen die adolessent se seksuele waaggedrag en die hoeveelheid kommunikasie tussen die ouer en adolessent oor seks, wat beteken dat adolessente minder seksuele waaggedrag sal vertoon indien hulle ouers meer met hulle oor seksuele sake sal praat.
7
Sebele, Molly Kenaope. "A comparative study on high-risk sexual behaviour of male student elite athletes, male student non-athletes, and male student recreational sports participants at the University of Botswana." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6994_1273602706.
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This study aims to compare the sexual behaviour patterns of male elite student athletes, male student recreational sports (RSP) and male student non-athletes at the University of Botswana in relation to high-risk sexual behaviours. High-risk behaviors in the domain of sexual behaviour were investigated in relation to the determinants of risk behaviour such as multiple partnerships, condom use, and history of sexually transmitted infections, the partners past sex life, current sexual life, casual sexual partners and age of first exual experience. The purpose was to establish which group of the male students is more at risk of HIV infection due to its engagement in high-risk sexual behaviour. Data was collected by means of an anonymous self-report questionnaire. Participants included 235 male students (94 non-athletes, 92 athletes and 50 elite athletes) at the University of Botswana. Selfreport questionnaires were administered, which included items from the 2005 Youth Risk Surveillance System (YRBSS), Student Life Style questionnaire, as well as items from a questionnaire assessing knowledge and practice of safe sex amongst Rhodes University students (Simpson, 1996).
8
Dingi, Keineetse. "An exploration of adolescents knowledge, perceptions and behaviors regarding sexual reproduction and sexual reproductive health services in Botswana." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/264.
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The study aimed to explore adolescents knowledge, perceptions and behaviors regarding sexual reproduction and sexual reproductive health services in community junior school in Tutume Botswana. A descriptive exploratory design using both the qualitative and quantitative approach was used to guide the research process. Data was collected by means of a self administered questionnaire and two focus group discussions. A total of 76 participants answered the questionnaire and 2 focus group discussions one consisting of the 15 to 17 year olds and the other one consisting of 12 to 15 year olds were conducted. The results of the survey highlighted adequate levels of knowledge regarding sexual matters among adolescents in the school with the bulk of the information being provided by the teacher. Parents, nurses, siblings, peers and the media played a low key role in providing adolescents with information regarding sexual reproduction and sexual reproductive health services. The results of the focus group discussion showed marked underutilization of the local clinic for curative, preventive and promotive services by adolescents. The poor utilization resulting mainly from perceived barriers such as provider attitudes, subjective norms, cultural taboos, inadequacy of the clinic, judgmental attitudes from provider and parents as well as lack of encouragement from authority figures like parents and teachers. Adolescents in the focus group discussion perceive themselves as being susceptible to HIV but did not appreciate the benefits of using preventive measures even though the survey group showed sound knowledge on contraception. Improving the services to align them to adolescent friendly services, improving the delivery of information through other means apart from the teacher and reducing the barriers that discourage adolescents from reaching the reproductive health services will go a long way in improving the utilization of the services by adolescents.Thesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
9
Maotwe, Tshegofatso. "Patterns of utilization of sexual and reproductive health services by secondary school-going adolescents in Gaborone, Botswana, 2012." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11086.
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Background: Adolescents in Botswana, especially women, face many sexual and reproductive
health (SRH) challenges including high maternal mortality, sexually transmitted infections
(STIs) including HIV, and unintended pregnancies, despite available SRH services. The youth
friendly service (YFS) concept has been initiated and various strategies developed to address
adolescents concerns. However, services remain underutilized and barriers to accessing services
still exist.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine patterns of utilization of sexual and reproductive
health services by adolescents attending senior secondary schools in Gaborone in 2012. The
specific objectives were to: identify SRH services utilized by adolescents in the district; identify
factors associated with adolescent utilization of YFS in the district; and determine barriers and
facilitators to utilization of available YFS by adolescents.
Design: This was a health systems research, which was conducted through an observational
study, with descriptive and analytic components.
Methods: 506 adolescents attending at the three (3) senior secondary schools in Gaborone were
sampled through a simple random sampling strategy in each school. Parental consent and assent
from participants was requested before respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire
which was designed for the data collection. The questionnaire was pilot tested prior to the study.
SPSS version 16 was used to analyse the data. A chi-squared test and logistic regression were
used investigate association, and a p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: The findings of this study revealed that utilization of SRH by adolescents was low and
the level of awareness of youth friendly services was also low. The study revealed that utilization
of SRH was higher among female adolescents compared to their male counterparts. The study
identified factors which hinder adolescents YFS utilization, which include: location of the
facility, no interest in YFS, staff attitudes and behaviours, and inconvenient hours of operation.
Conclusion: Identifying patterns of utilization of SRH services by adolescents attending senior
secondary schools in Gaborone can help strengthen programmes at all levels of service delivery
and the country at large. The Botswana Ministries of Health, and Education and Skills
Development can re-orientate, or develop new initiatives that will deal with barriers to access
and assist adolescents to fully utilize the available services.Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2014.
10
Mwinga, Alvella Mutinta. "Factors contributing to unsafe sex among teenagers in the secondary schools of Botswana." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6060.
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Correct and consistent condom use is an effective strategy for the reduction of adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that contribute to unsafe sex practices among adolescents and to compare male and female sexual practices. Quantitative, descriptive research, namely a survey was conducted to determine these practices. Convenience sampling was used to select a sample (n=324) of respondents who were willing to participate in the study. Data were collected by using a self-administered structured questionnaire.
The findings of the study revealed that adolescents indulged in unsafe sex practices for various reasons including the desire for self-satisfaction and the non-availability of condoms at the time. Based on the identified reasons, it is clear that strategies had to be developed to curb unsafe sex and its consequences. Formulating these strategies requires the concerted effort of all policy makers and stakeholders.Health Studies
(M.A. (Public Health))
11
Adenuga, Babafunso Aderemi. "HIV/AIDS knowledge of secondary school learners in Sefhare, Botswana." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3820.
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Quantitative, descriptive research, using self-completion questionnaires, was conducted to determine the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge of the learners in Sefhare. The sample, comprising 92 learners, was selected from forms 1-3.
Of the learners, 53.4% knew what HIV/AIDS stand for, but only 13.6% said AIDS is caused by HIV and only 4.5% said AIDS is an incurable disease. The ABC of protecting oneself against HIV (abstain from sex, be faithful to one sex partner, use condoms) was mentioned by merely 57.6% of the learners.
The learners’ lack of knowledge should be addressed by school HIV/AIDS programmes offered at schools in Botswana. As 81.5% of the learners were willing to be tested for HIV, this service should be made available with simultaneous confidential personal HIV/AIDS education, irrespective of the HIV test results. Teachers’ and parents’ HIV/AIDS knowledge should also be updated regularly.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
12
Orapeleng, Galenakgosi M. "Pre-marital sex among Seventh-day Adventist youth in Botswana and possibilities for preventative action." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/672.
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This research set out to investigate factors that lead to seemingly prevalent pre-marital sex by Botswana Seventhday Adventist youth aging between 12 and 30 years. A 31- item questionnaire, divided into four sections, was used on a group of 45 youths. It was discovered that 78% of the youths studied had been involved in pre-marital sex at some point in their lives. Thirty-seven percent were still practicing it. The most vulnerable age range was 14 to 18 years, but some had started experimenting with sex as early as six years. Some of the contributing factors to the youth's involvement in sex included media, friends and lack of knowledge due to parents not giving them guidance.Prevention of pre-marital sex can be made possible by the cooperation of entities like the family, the church, the school and the individual. Hence, the suggested model called the Integrated Sexuality Education.Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology
M. Th. (Practical Theology)
13
Mgomezulu, Victor Yobe. "Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/606.
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Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana.
This study explores the involvement of stakeholders in strategic planning to mitigate the effect of HIV and AIDS in secondary education in Botswana. The prevalence of HIV and AIDS-related illness and deaths is high in Botswana and affects both teachers and learners. Education provision has been affected through increased mortality and morbidity and increased absenteeism which affect education-related personnel and the demand for education has been reduced due to growing numbers of orphaned and vulnerable children as a consequence of parent/guardian mortality and morbidity related to HIV and AIDS. The problem was investigated by means of a literature review and an empirical inquiry which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection. Based on the findings, in addition to medical and other interventions, an education management approach is required to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. The strategies of coping, caring and preventing have been effective in this regard. Some internal stakeholders of the Department of Secondary Education (DSE) are not meaningfully involved in strategic planning. Similarly, most of the selected external stakeholders were not involved in the DSE HIV and AIDS strategic plan. Both external and internal stakeholders should be involved at all stages of planning. Furthermore, inducement-contribution exchanges and teacher credibility should be considered in a strategic plan. To improve the current DSE strategic plan, a stakeholder involvement model to involve internal and external stakeholders was designed. Based on this model and the above findings, recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research are made.Educational Studies
D.Ed.(Educational Management)
14
Letsoalo, Phillip Thabo. "Trends and determinants of sexual behaviour in Western Cape, South Africa: a study of young adults transitioning to adulthood using the Cape area panel study." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3415.
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The transition to adulthood is a significant period in the lives of many young people throughout the world. HIV/AIDS continues to attract much attention from researchers as it is a matter of particular concern for young people. Recent data suggests that the HIV prevalence among females aged 15-24 in South Africa is 12.7%, and 4% among males. Increasingly there has been a major outcry especially among international donor agencies that despite widespread HIV/AIDS campaigns in South Africa behaviour change has not been realised. Given the fact that in South Africa HIV/AIDS is fuelled by heterosexual intercourse, it is imperative to monitor trends in sexual behaviour among young adults in order to be able to identify and understand those sexual behaviours that fuel the epidemic. This study uses the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS) data conducted in the Cape Town Metropolitan between 2002 and 2005. It tracks trends in sexual behaviour, and determines the predictors of risky sexual behaviour among these young adults. The study reveals that condom use is extremely high among all population groups, except among Coloured males whose condom use actually declined between 2002 and 2005. The study also reveals that the percentage of young adults engaging in risky sexual behaviour, such as having multiple sexual partners has declined between 2002 and 2005. Early sexual onset determines risky sexual behaviour later in life. This suggests that in order to equip young adults to act in a sexually responsible manner later in life, protective factors such as family involvement, schooling, peer influence and selfesteem must be strengthened before sexual onset. The conclusion drawn from this study is that in order to curtail rising trends in inconsistent condom use and multiple sexual partners and to increase the age at first sex, early intervention programs are necessary.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
15
Van, Zuydam Esme Susan. "A psycho-educational evaluation of the first full sexual experience of adolescent girls." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2201.
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16
Ngomi, Kayenda Bruce. "Utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services by secondary school adolescents in Mochudi." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1356.
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The study sought to establish the utilisation of the available adolescent sexual
and reproductive health services/facilities by Mochudi secondary school
adolescents.
The intent of the study was to determine the level of awareness among
adolescents of the existing Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Services/ Facilities in Mochudi and to determine those factors that affect
utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services/facilities.
A self administered questionnaire was used by the researcher to collect data
from the respondents. Data analysis began with studying and coding of the responses from the questionnaires and was analysed using a copy of Excel
software.
The inferences made from this study are that secondary school adolescents in
Mochudi indulge in pre-marital sex and most of them are aware of the presence
of sexual and reproductive health services/facilities. However, the majority of the
adolescents do not use the services/facilities either due to shyness,
inaccessibility of clinics, lack of privacy, unfriendly staff, long waiting time or for
others because they are not sexually active.
The feedback from the adolescents is an indication of the inappropriateness of
service delivery system pertaining to adolescent sexual and reproductive health
in Mochudi.Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)
17
Mwale, Simson. "An examination of the determinants of sexual behaviour among young people aged 15-24 years in Zambia using the 2005 Zambia behaviour survey." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9205.
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The health risks of unsafe sexual behaviour among young people aged 15-24, the stage
when sexual activity including risky sexual behaviour is likely to begin, has been receiving
growing attention. Researchers are attempting to identify factors which influence young
people’s sexual behaviour so that meaningful prevention and intervention programmes can
be developed. Using the 2005 Zambia Sexual Behaviour Survey, this study examines the
level and determinants of sexual behaviour measured according to age at first sex, age at
first childbearing, and condom use at first sex, among young people in Zambia. A total
sample of 2,813 young people, representing 57.16 percent females and 42.84 percent males,
was chosen for the analysis. The study employed survival analysis techniques to examine
the timing and determinants of first sex and first childbearing. In addition, logistic
regression models were used to predict the drivers of condom use at first sex. The analysis
established that age at first sex, age at first childbearing, and condom use at first sex among
young people in Zambia differ by cohort, gender, urban/rural residence, marital status,
educational attainment, and province of residence. The results show that more young
women (69.15 percent) than young men (57.84 percent) had initiated sex aged 15-24 years;
whereas 47.89 percent of young women aged 15-24 years reported having had a first birth.
The level of condom use at first sex was less than a quarter for young men (23.63 percent)
and young women (24.34 percent), posing serious health challenges. There was evidence
that the strongest predictors of sexual debut among young men were current age, residing in
Lusaka or Northern provinces, and living in a household with television; while current age
and higher education were positively associated with condom use at first sex among young
women. The important determinants of first childbearing were age at first sex, and
educational attainment. Finally, being unmarried, with some level of education, residing in
Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka or Northern provinces, and living in a household with piped water
or flush toilet, were found to be critical predictors of condom use at first sex among young
people. It was concluded that although Zambia has shown progress in delaying sexual debut
and first childbearing, other areas such as condom use at first sex, show little change –
indicating a need for renewed efforts in HIV and AIDS prevention and family planning
programmes.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
18
Mbhele, Agnes N. "Youth understanding of sexuality and sexual relationships in Dududu, southern KwaZulu Natal." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4360.
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This research study aimed at investigating the understanding the rural youth have about
sexuality and sexual relationships. The study begins with the literature review related to youth
sexuality and sexual relationships. The main focus of the research was to gather information
regarding the understanding the youth have on sexuality and sexual relationships, their
sources of information, and level of comfort with the topic.
An exploratory research design guided the study. A systematic random sampling procedure
was used to identify twenty youth from grade ten at Zithokozise high school in the Dududu
area. Three focus group discussions were conducted with the group followed by a
questionnaire, which was administered to individual participants in a group setting.
Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to in analysing the results from which
conclusions were drawn.
The findings of the study revealed that rural youth were not well informed on their sexuality
and had misconceptions about sexual relationships. The youth that were sexually active were
mostly not using safe sex methods. The popular informants of youth on sexuality issues were
their own peers who also had inadequate information on the issues. The role of parents and
educators in providing information to the youth was minimal and inadequate. Health facilities
were not always available and if available were not adequately utilized.
Resulting from the findings of the study a youth sexuality manual for rural schools was
designed. The facilitators from the Departments of Community Health and Social Work from
the University of Natal piloted the manual in the same schools that were involved in the
community development projects.Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of Natal, Durban, 2004.
19
Shabane, Prim-Rose Makhosazane. "Gender, sex, power and inequalities : an investigation of African femininities in the context of HIV and AIDS." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5726.
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Gender is inherent in all patriarchal cultures given that women and girls in
these societies are relegated to a significantly lower status than men and
boys. Many researchers acknowledge the importance of addressing gender
inequality in order to adequately understand and address HIV and AIDS
transmission and prevention. However, there remains in this area a more
direct focus on the specific cultural attitudes and practices that expose
women and girls to HIV infections. Professionals in the educational field need
to specifically address gender norms and roles and their influence on young
people’s sexual behaviour, particularly, with regards to risky behaviour that
often has consequences for women and young girls. Sexuality is part and
parcel of young girls’ experiences through adulthood which is manifested in
personal friendships, relations and social interaction. These encounters
constitute sites within which sexual identities are developed, practiced and
actively produced through processes of negotiation. As a result of societal
influences, these encounters vary immensely between boys and girls because
gender inequality has a significant impact on choices available to women and
girls, which are often constrained by coercion and violence.
Drawing on qualitative research conducted in a high school in KwaMashu,
North of Durban, in KwaZulu-Natal, the study investigated ways in which
young girls (16-17) give meaning to sexuality, sexual risks and how gender is
embedded within these meanings. The study answered three critical
questions: What do young girls regard as risky sexual behaviour? Why do
young girls engage in risky sexual activities? How is gender connected to
sexual risk? Data came from participants’ focus group discussions and indepth
interviews with 12 young girls.
The study revealed that through social and cultural practices some young
girls construct complex gendered relations of domination and subordination
that position boys and girls differently, often creating gender inequalities and
sexual vulnerability for those gendered as girls. Young girls’ vulnerability is
characterised by confusing experiences coupled with silences from their
parents’ side about sexuality. The distinctive experiences are complex
tensions and contradictions surrounding constructions of sexuality that are
predicated upon unequal power and gender relations characterised by
coercion, ukuthwala and the control of young girls’ sexuality and gendered
experiences that put young girls at risk of contracting HIV and AIDS.
The study recommends that parents must communicate with young people
(boys and girls) about sexuality. There should be policies that are put in place
by all the education stakeholders to address issues of sexuality and gender
imbalances within schools. This will help young people to develop the skills
needed to adequately negotiate safe sex, avoid risky behaviour and coercive
situations, help young people to maintain healthy relationships and address
vulnerabilities and promote gender equality and equity in our society.Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Edgewood, 2011.
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Vhembo, Tichaona. "Sexual behaviour among adolescents living with HIV in Zimbabwe." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14499.
Full textAbstract:
This study described sexual behaviours among adolescents living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Zimbabwe. This study utilised a quantitative descriptive design. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from 341 adolescents living with HIV. Findings revealed that some adolescents were sexually active and had early onset of sexual activity (before their sixteenth birthday). A good proportion of sexually active adolescents were noted not to practise safer sex and the main reason was condom inaccessibility and some had multiple sex partners. Factors independently associated with being sexually active included exposure to erotic content on television programmes, having a psychiatric diagnosis, discussions of sexuality with health worker and older age. Adolescents` behaviours living with HIV and the issue of availability of condoms may play a part in the spread of HIV. More discussions and research on sexuality of adolescents are recommendedHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
21
"The relationship between health education and health compromising behaviour among South African adolescents attending an institution of tertiary education." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1651.
Full textAbstract:
In South Africa statistics of mortality and morbidity, pertaining to the consequences of risk taking behaviour among the country's youth, remain unacceptably high. Many of these behaviours have long as well as short term consequences, thereby, giving rise to many illnesses, lifestyle diseases, and other problems. The risk-taking activities confining this study include those that are known to concur and co-vary namely: unprotected, indiscriminate sex; nicotine use; alcohol and other drug/substance abuse; and unsafe travelling practices. The problem is that it is unknown whether South African adolescents are receiving health education that reduces risk-taking tendencies, and if they are, whether they are benefiting from the exposure. Little is known about the relationship between health-education and health-compromising behaviour in South Africa; nor the influence of other variables on this relationship. The purpose of the study was to describe and explore this relationship, among South African adolescents, attending an institution of tertiary education in the province of KwaZulu Natal. All aspects of the research were underpinned by Rosenstock's Health Belief Model (1974). The research was approached from a quantitative perspective using a descriptive/exploratory design. A sample of 155 students from all the main ethnic groups, of both sexes, aged between 17 and 24 years, who were raised and educated in South Africa, was taken from the Howard College Campus of the University of KwaZulu Natal. The sampling technique used was non-random quota sampling in order to meet the above mentioned inclusion criteria. TheThesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu, Natal. 2006.
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Lalbahadur, Keshnie. "The influence of self-esteem and self-efficacy on sexual risk-taking behaviour in school-going adolescents in the Durban Metropolitan area." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1117.
Full textAbstract:
Adolescents engaging in sexual risk behaviours may experience negative psychological and social outcomes, and there can be consequent interference with the accomplishment of developmental tasks. Identified risk influences for sexual risk behaviour range from intrapersonal factors to social normative behaviours and contextual/environmental issues. This study focuses on two areas of intrapersonal factors namely, self-esteem and selfefficacy in understanding sexual behaviours in a sample of school going adolescents. The sample was made up of learners who were in grades nine, ten and eleven from a school in the Durban Metropolitan area (N=259). The results of the study indicated that adolescents who had never engaged in sexual intercourse (primary abstinence) have higher self-esteem and self-efficacy than those adolescents who had previously engaged in sexual intercourse. Also, the findings indicated that that there is no association between levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy, and sexual risk behaviours in relation to the dimensions of condom use, number of sexual partners and age of sexual debut of those who are sexually active. These findings are essentially supportive of the fact that involvement in the sexual domain is mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy for adolescents who are not sexually active. Intervention programmes should be aimed at increasing self-esteem and self-efficacy at a primary school level, prior to sexual debut, to delay the age of sexual debut, thereby protecting against sexual risk behaviours.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
23
McCain, Candice. "Gender role heuristics used by adolescent boys when negotiating sexual practices of a heterosexual nature." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/469.
Full text
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Mthembu, Pretty. "Masculinity and sexuality : investigating risky sexual behaviours amongst high school boys in Umlazi." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9389.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper I address the problem of risky sexual behaviours among boys between 16 and 17 in an Umlazi high school, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The main question, which I address, is what boys in an Umlazi high school consider as risky sexual behaviour. My central thesis in addressing this question is exploring the boys’ risky sexual behaviours in an Umlazi high school in order to understand their risky sexual behaviours which can lead to HIV and AIDS infection. My aims and purpose in this essay are thus to understand the boys meaning of risky sexual behaviour, why do these boys in the study engage themselves in risky sexual behaviors and how does the social constructions impact on risky sexual behaviours of boys in an Umlazi high school. The research context of this study is in the domain of masculinity and sexuality. I start from premise that masculinity and sexuality are dynamic and fluid assuming that their risky sexual behaviours are the result of social construction of masculinities and sexualities. I used the qualitative methods in order to understand their world and their meaning of risky sexual
behaviours. My results showed that the society shaped the boys meaning of masculinity and sexuality, their identity of being boys and attitudes towards sex and being a boy. In addition to that these boys were urging to be the boys that their society know and expect, they did not want to be different or act differently to what the society consider normal of which there is a price of
being alienated or subordinated and ostracized if a boy perform alternative masculinity and sexuality and these constructions affects the girls and young women as they are expected to be permissive. Furthermore the boys aspirations in this study were geared by powerful males such as the President of South Africa in his openly polygamous relationships and they revealed that they promote polygamy which is the culture of the Zulus, so they are already practicing it by having multiple partners which they take as their prerogative as boys. In short, this paper addresses the problem of risky sexual behaviours among boys in a selected Umlazi high school by the group interview held in the research site in order to understand the boys meaning of risky sexual behaviours in an Umlazi high school. Furthermore the study
explores what boys consider risky sexual behaviours, their reasons to engage themselves in risky sexual behaviours and the impact of the social construction of masculinity and sexuality.Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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Aderemi, Toyin Janet. "HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices among intellectually impaired and mainstream learners in selected schools in Oyo state, Nigeria." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5863.
Full textAbstract:
In the absence of a cure and/or vaccine, the best approach to HIV is to focus on prevention. However, preventative measures that are presently available in Nigeria do not target persons with intellectual disability despite their vulnerability to HIV infection. This study sought to compare the HIV knowledge, attitudes, and sexual practices of mildly/moderately intellectually impaired learners (IIL) and mainstream learners (ML) in Nigeria; to explore the contextual factors informing these, as well as both groups‗ exposure to HIV education. It also tested the relevance of the I-Change Model in predicting sexual abstinence among learners with intellectual disability. Findings can assist in developing tailored HIV prevention education for Nigerian learners with intellectual impairment.
This cross-sectional, comparative study utilised mixed methods to investigate HIV knowledge, attitudes, and sexual practices among mildly/moderately IIL and ML in Nigeria. Mildly/moderately IIL (300) and ML (300) within the age range of 12-19 years in special and regular schools completed a questionnaire based on the I-Change Model. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were used with learners to explore contextual factors informing their HIV knowledge, risk perception, sexual behaviours and access to HIV education and services. Key informant interviews were used as independent sources of the same information with their teachers.
Learners with intellectual impairment were less aware of HIV/AIDS than their non-disabled peers (p < 0.001), had lower HIV knowledge scores (p < 0.001) and lower HIV risk perception scores (p < 0.001). Sexual experience was reported by 79 (26.3%) of the IIL sample compared to 48 (16.0%) of the ML sample (p = 0.002). Girls with intellectual disability were 3.71 times more likely to report a history of sexual abuse than non-disabled girls (p = 0.041). Inconsistent condom use with casual partners (p < 0.001) and non-use of condoms during the last sexual activity (p < 0.001) was higher in IIL. The I-Change Model was most effective in predicting sexual abstinence among IIL, particularly regarding factors related to motivation and intention.
Intellectually impaired learners were more vulnerable to HIV infection due to neglect, poverty, sexual abuse/exploitation, stigmatisation, pressure from non-disabled peers, denial of HIV
education, and inaccessible HIV-related services. Teachers only provided them with sexuality and HIV education when sexual activity was suspected and/or from age 18. The content of such education comprised mainly warnings, misinformation and corporal punishment to instil fear and desexualise them. Thus, this group of learners was limited in the way they experienced and expressed their sexuality. Unlike with their non-disabled peers, teachers attributed sexual activity among IIL solely to natural urges without emotional involvement. Contrary to teachers‘ opinions, some IIL were involved in symbiotic, loving relationships with their II peers. In addition, those that were not yet in such relationships expressed the desire to find non-discriminatory partners in the future. They explored their sexuality through intimate relationships, sexual intercourse, peeping at the opposite sex, pornography, and masturbation. Condoms were less available to IIL than ML, and they lacked the self-efficacy to use them. They were also less available to II girls than II boys. Female learners with intellectual impairment often had older sexual partners due to sexual abuse/exploitation, unlike their non-disabled peers, who embarked on such relationships for financial/material gains.
The findings of this study indicated that IIL were sexual beings, just like their non-disabled peers, and at higher risk of HIV infection than the latter. Stigma and discrimination are the root causes of all the disadvantages/barriers that IIL experience in accessing HIV information, education and related services. Therefore, there is the need to put stigma reduction strategies in HIV response to safeguard the health of IIL. In addition, there is a need for the development of a gender-sensitive, tailored sexuality and HIV/AIDS educational format for learners with intellectual disability in Nigeria.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
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Nkambule, Vuyelwa Mantombi. "Determinants of contraceptive use and sexual activity amongst school-going adolescents in Lesotho." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/101.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated factors that have an influence on sexual activity and subsequent contraceptive use among school-going adolescent girls in Lesotho, focusing on the districts of Berea, Maseru and Mohale’s Hoek. The factors under investigation from a reproductive health survey included demographic variables (age, district, rural urban residence, class and religion), behavioural variables (drinking alcohol, boyfriend status), and attitude and knowledge variables (including attitude toward sex before marriage, contraceptive use before marriage, and communication with a boyfriend about sex). The methodology comprised a secondary analysis of the 1999 Adolescent Reproductive Health Survey of Lesotho. Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to establish if significant relationships existed between sexual activity and contraceptive use and the independent factors. A limitation of the study is that the survey instrument contained a limited set of indicators. Thus a number of theories of sexual decisionmaking were excluded from the conceptual framework. Prevalence of sexual activity was lower than expected. This research confirmed that the likelihood of adolescents being sexually active increases with age. A somewhat surprising result was that Catholic adolescents were more likely to become sexually active than adolescents of other religions. Adolescents who live in rural areas, as well as those with a boyfriend were also found to be more likely to become sexually active. Contraceptive use was higher for this Lesotho sample than has been reported for research from other African countries. Nevertheless, the proportion of adolescents not using contraceptives is argued to be a matter of concern. Adolescents in the lowest school class were least likely to use contraceptives, which suggests a lack of control over decisionmaking in this group. Contraceptive use was found to be lower among adolescents who were coerced into their first sexual experience. Adolescents from Mohale’s Hoek, designated the least developed area for this research, were the least likely to use contraceptives. Those adolescents who reported having a boyfriend were more likely to use contraceptives, suggesting a regular partner allows the adolescent some control over decision-making. A positive view of use of contraceptives before marriage was associated with higher likelihood of use. Somewhat surprisingly, use of alcohol was associated with higher likelihood of contraceptive use. The findings suggest adolescent girls can be grouped into different risk categories. Some practice abstinence and some who are sexually active appear to have control over sexual decision-making, specifically in being able to negotiate use of contraceptives. However, there is a group which is sexually active but does not use contraception. This group has a higher rate of coercion as the reasons for sexual activity. The analysis suggests a multi-dimensional set of factors explain sexual activity and associated contraceptive use (or non-use) and that beliefs and attitudes do not always predict an expected behaviour. Interventions should target the most at-risk group and must take into account that belief and attitude does not necessarily predict behaviour.AThesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
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Valayden, Devandran. "Retrospective reports of parent-adolescent communication about sex education and issues related to sexuality in a sample of female university students." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8650.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. The aim of this research was to explore parent-adolescent communication about sex and sexuality among university students.
Background. The rates of HIV/AIDS and pregnancy among adolescents in South Africa are very problematic issues. In the context of children and adolescents' sexual socialization, both Western studies and studies from African countries have found that families, especially parents, are crucial in influencing adolescent attitudes, decision-making and participation in sexual behaviour.
Methods. A qualitative study was conducted using focus groups to examine parent-adolescent sex education among university students.
Findings. Participants reported that parents generally avoided discussions about sex especially fathers, framed sex negatively and highlighted the negative effects of sex such as HIV/AIDS and pregnancy. The reasons participants believed that parents were uncomfortable in discussing sex were due to insufficient knowledge to explain certain aspects of sex, that sex was taboo, that by discussing sex it would be viewed as condoning or encouraging sexual activity.
Conclusion. Parents need to be educated regarding the benefits that comprehensive sex education will have for their children, in the light of the massive problem of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Education on these matters is vital for all young people.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
28
Ramadhin, Rokshma. "Sexual cultures amongst young Indians in Chatsworth." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8819.
Full textAbstract:
In South Africa, HIV and AIDS is a crisis particularly for young women between the ages of
15-24. HIV and AIDS is gendered disease and its spread is heterosexual. The effects of the
disease have led to an increasing examination of what sexual and gendered identities mean
for young people. Using individual and focus-group interviews, this study explores young
people’s sexual cultures amidst the backdrop of HIV and AIDS. It focuses on the ways in
which young Indian men and women (aged 16-17) in a low to middle income context in
Chatsworth, Durban, construct heterosexual relationships. The study explores how this
selected group of learners navigate themselves as sexual subjects in the context of sexual
passions and sexual risk. The study focuses on relationship cultures, sexual risk and the ways
in which gender is constructed in heterosexual relationships. Currently we know very little of
young people’s heterosexual relationships and in particular, we know very little of young
Indian sexualities. In the context of sexual risk taking and broader concerns about sexual
health, young people’s perceptions about sex and sexuality are important. Insight into how
the youth understand gender and sexuality is necessary for addressing educational strategies
in sexuality education, Life Orientation and HIV/AIDS education in South Africa.Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
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Moshatane, Sewela Daphney. "Exploring parents involvement in addressing adolescents' sexual behaviour : a case study of Mankweng Township in Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1985.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. A. (Sociology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017Contemporary moral panic about adolescents centres on their sexual behaviour, as being irresponsible, disrespectful to adults, easily addicted and indulging in unsafe sex. With this concern, parents are noted to play a vital role in supervising, monitoring, guiding, advising and addressing adolescents’ risky sexual behaviour. Adolescents are influenced by a variety of factors and institutions; hence the study explored one of the factors, ‘parents’ involvement’. The study sought to find out parents’ perceptions on involvement, what it means and how involvement can be effective. The aim of the study was to explore parents’ involvement in addressing adolescents’ sexual behaviour in Mankweng Township, Limpopo Province. The study comprised ten parents (five males and five females) who were purposely selected. Data was conducted over the course of three days, through semi-structured interviews. Thematic data analysis method was used to analyse data collected and to have final results. The findings revealed that parents are much aware of adolescents’ sexual behaviour, parents’ role and responsibility when it comes to protecting adolescents. However, a common trend was found from all parents, which was lack of understanding of parental involvement; where all participants only limited parental involvement to sexual communication and giving advice; with that they bear uncomforting belief that sexual communication will lead adolescents to sexual behaviour. Moreover, it was evident that parents have challenges to parental involvement such as peer pressure, media, fear and respect. Intervention such as parental programmes, health, religion and education; campaigns and community gatherings were noted as effective method that should the initiated to educate and improve parents’ involvement in addressing adolescents’ sexual behaviour. Keywords: Parent, adolescent, involvement, risky sexual behaviour.
30
Desta, Amare Bayeh. "Strategies to support positive sexual behaviour among adolescents attending high schools in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24970.
Full textAbstract:
The understanding of the patterns of association between positive sexual behaviours and
protective factors that have greater impact helps to design appropriate strategies not only
on positive sexual behaviour but also for reproductive health outcomes.
The purpose of the study was to explore the protective factors and develop strategies
to support positive sexual behaviours among high school adolescents.
A concurrent mixed method research design was employed to explore the protective
factors for positive sexual behaviours. A total of 990 adolescent students attending
regular classes were selected using systematic sampling technique for the quantitative
study and 33 focus group participants for qualitative study. Pre-tested, self-administered
questionnaire was used for the quantitative whereas focus group discussions were
employed for the qualitative phase. Protective factors were assessed at family,
community/ neighbourhood, school, peer and individual levels. Quantitative data was
analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression
analysis were employed to identify protective factors. Variables with significant
association in bivariate analysis were entered into logistic regression to control
confounding effects. The qualitative data management, analysis and interpretation
followed thematic analysis principles. Illuminating verbatim quotations used to illustrate
findings.
RESULTS: adolescents follow parents' rules about sexual activities [AOR=0.462, 95%CI:
0.285-0.748], authoritative [AOR=0.075, 95%CI: 0.021-0.265] and authoritarian
[AOR=0.091, 95%CI:0.025-0.331] parenting styles were protective factors. Adolescents’
communication with parents was more likely to have positive association [AOR=0.56,
95%CI:0.31-0.94] than counterparts. Parental greater monitoring [AOR=0.604,
95%CI:0.38-0.959], clear rules and consequences [AOR=0.378, 95%CI: 0.233-0.613]
and need for permission to go anywhere [AOR=0.387; 95%CI: 0.235-0.637] were
significantly associated.
School performance [AOR=0.141, 95%CI:0.055-0.362], perception that teachers are
supportive [AOR=0.447, 95%CI:0.266-0.752], sex education [AOR=0.424, 95%CI: 0.243-
0.742], people approved contraceptive use [AOR=0.319, 95%CI: 0.165-0.619] and
discussion with health workers on sexuality AOR=0.545, 95%CI:0.318-0.932] were
strongly associated with positive sexual behaviour. Positive sexual behaviour associated
with peer influence resulted in preferred later sexual debut [AOR=0.444, 95%CI: 0.248-
0.797] and bonding with peers AOR=0.531, 95%CI: 0.327-0.862].Health Studies
D. Lit. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Makhitha, Tshilidzi Stanley. "Sexual activities at school : teenagers' experiences and social work support." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10066.
Full textAbstract:
This research study focuses on the sexual encounters of teenagers. Teenagers do not always have private intimate places of their own and tend to use school grounds, toilets and classrooms to engage in sexual activities. Recently, various newspapers published articles about teen pregnancy and sex on school grounds. The alarming rate of sexual activities at schools among South African teenagers became a driving force for the researcher to investigate this phenomenon. The goal was to develop in-depth understanding of the experiences of teenagers being engaged in sexual activities at school and social work support required.
A qualitative approach was employed following explorative, descriptive and contextual research designs. The study was conducted in the Gauteng province. Semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data. Purposive sampling was utilised. Analysis of data was conducted according to Tesch (cited in Smit, 2002) and Guba's model (cited in Shenton, 2004) was employed for data verification.Social Work
M.A. (Social Science (Social Work))
32
Gilbert, Indira. "The knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the sexual attitudes and behaviour of adolescents with learning difficulties/disabilities." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1108.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS,
and to examine the sexual attitudes and behaviour of adolescents with
learning difficulties/disabilities.
The sample was obtained from a secondary school in Chatsworth that
caters for learners with learning difficulties/disabilities. The study used
quantitative methods of data collection . Sixty adolescents with learning
disabilities completed questionnaires.
The findings indicate that adolescents with learning difficulties/disabilities
have good knowledge of HIV/AIDS and subsequently the majority is not
engaging in sexual activity.
The findings can be used to inform future research on adolescents with
learning difficulties/disabilities, as well as to inform future intervention
strategies.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
33
"Risky sexual behaviour amongst South African teenagers and the role of HIV/AIDS educational programs: a critical literature survey." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1590.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.South African teenagers name HIV/AIDS as the top concern facing them. Despite this, a large majority of them believe that they personally are at very low, or no risk for infection (loveLife, 2001). Furthermore, the onset of sexual activity has become progressively earlier, with many teenagers becoming sexually active at around 13-14 years old (Stadler & Hlongwa, 2002). 50% of young people are sexually active by the age of 16 (Eaton, Flisher, & Aaro, 2002). However, only 30% of sexually experienced youth report using a condom every time they have sexual intercourse. Sexually experienced teenagers report that they are most likely to get condoms from clinics, but only 32% have been to a clinic in the past year for sexual health advice or care (loveLife, 2001). In the light of the alarming statistics mentioned above, youth represent an important target group for interventions, particularly those which address and effect changes in attitudes and behavior relating to sexuality. As a large number of children and teenagers attend school, information, skills, as well as values relayed in schools, can therefore have a considerable impact on their lives. Education systems should thoroughly educate children about HIV/AIDS infection, transmission and means of prevention, whilst assisting them to develop the life skills to apply their knowledge and communicate it to others. Programmes should assist in teaching children how to maintain health-enhancing behaviour and change, or avoid health-reducing behaviour (WHO, 1992).
34
Blake, Casey. "The value sexual health education in South Africa: a retrospective evaluation by recent matriculants." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21961.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the University of Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Arts
(Coursework and Research Report)
University of the Witwatersrand, 2016This research investigated how sex and sexuality is being represented within Sexual Health Education (SHE), as reported by students who completed matric in 2014. Furthermore, this study wanted to investigate how these representations contributed to the perceived value of the SHE. In South Africa, SHE is located within the curriculum of Life Orientation (LO), a compulsory subject through to Grade 12. Despite being compulsory, there is no external moderation for this subject, allowing schools and teachers to decide on the exact content being taught within LO. The theoretical framework of Social Representations Theory (SRT) guided this research. SRT states that our understanding of the world is based on a collection of social representations, accumulated through interactions with the social world. The school environment is a place where social representations are often challenged by new information covered in lessons, as well as in discussions with peers and teachers outside of class. This study was interested in what social representations are being re-presented in the context of SHE. Five focus group discussions were conducted, following a semi-structured interview schedule, informed by the literature review. The sample consisted of first year students at a Johannesburg university, who completed their secondary schooling in 2014. The findings of this study show that South African youth receive vastly different information, some of which is not complete or accurate. Participants felt their SHE failed to assist them in making adult decisions, as there was a sense that vital information was being withheld, and the information that was imparted within SHE was viewed as irrelevant. This was attributed to the societal taboo against speaking openly about topics of sex and sexuality, which was often perpetuated in the ways that sex and sexuality were socially represented within SHE.
MT2017
35
Lebona, Mampoi. "Gender power and sexuality : Basotho High School boys' responses to risky sexual behaviour." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9484.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores young men understandings of, and engagement in, risky sexual behaviours.
The group of young men the study focuses on is in a high school in Lesotho. They are aged
between 16 and 17 years. The motivation for the study is that, despite a series of campaigns
designed to increase awareness and knowledge associated with sexually transmitted diseases,
especially HIV/AIDS, young boys in Lesotho continue to engage in risky sexual behaviours and
practices. It is in this context that the purpose of the study was to investigate how gender power
is intimately tied in with meanings young men in Lesotho attach to sexuality. The related aspect
investigated in this study, furthermore, was to investigate ways in which gender power operates,
and ultimately contribute into boys’ and girls’ risky sexual behaviours that make them vulnerable
to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The study employs qualitative research methods to achieve these
aims and, accordingly, utilises focus group and individual interviews, with six purposively
selected high school boys as research instruments. The findings reveal that, while some boys
engage in risky sexual practices, others express determination to practice safe sex. Thus, the
study reveals that despite the fact that some boys are engaged in unsafe sexual practises and
multiple sexual partners in heterosexual relationships to comply with the notion of masculinity
and societal expectations of MANHOOD, others are beginning to question such attitudes. There
is therefore multiple and varied perspectives on this issue among the small sample selected for
this study.Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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Mirindi, Mushagalusa Marcel. "Gender and sexual risk amongst young Africans in the KwaMakhutha township, in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9456.
Full textAbstract:
This study sets out to examine understandings of gender and sexual risks amongst
young Africans in the KwaMakhutha township, in KwaZulu-Natal. Young Africans
between the ages of 16 to 17 years old were interviewed to ascertain what they
perceive to be risky sexual behaviour and why young people engage in such
activities. The study also aimed to understand whether young people understood the
negative consequences of risky behaviour. Such insight from young peoples'
perspectives is very helpful in understanding what schools can do to prevent risk
taking activities especially in the context of AIDS. KwaZulu-Natal is the epicentre of
the AIDS pandemic in South Africa and young people between the ages of 15-24 are
very vulnerable with young women facing disproportionate vulnerability. A qualitative
research method was used in this study and ten in-depth interviews were conducted
in one of the high schools in the KwaMakutha Township, outside Durban. The study
finds that gender inequalities is central in understanding sexual risk and
constructions of masculinity and femininity reproduce sexual and gender relations of
power where young women remain vulnerable. Schools should take the voices of
young people seriously and address gender inequalities as a key area of
intervention.Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
37
Kodi, Charlene. "An investigation of the association of peer norms and sexual risk-taking behaviour in school-going adolescents in the Durban Metropolitan Area." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/468.
Full text
38
Alli, Farzana. "Comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care services for youth : a health sector priority." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8639.
Full textAbstract:
Sexual and reproductive health care have become key priorities both within developing and
developed nations. Young people have been identified as particularly vulnerable to negative
health outcomes. South Africa is one such example of a country that presently faces
significant challenges in addressing the unmet sexual and reproductive health needs of young
people. With the enormous burden of reproductive health problems and the accelerating HIV
epidemic, the provision of sexual and reproductive health services remains a challenge.
Though various studies highlight the importance of comprehensive services targeted at youth,
there is a lack of adequate research in evaluating the extent to which health services are
addressing the health needs of clients. This study aimed to address this gap by examining a
health care facility for students at one of the largest tertiary institutions in KwaZulu-Natal.
The core objective was to determine the extent to which the health services are responding to
the sexual and reproductive needs of young people by, exploring the experiences and
perspectives of service providers and young men and women in relation to comprehensive,
youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health care. This was assessed using a revised version
of the Bruce-Jain quality of care framework. Information for this study was obtained using
quantitative and qualitative data collection methods including: an inventory of the facility and
services, in-depth interviews with staff and exit interviews with 200 clients aged 18 to 24
years.
The findings of the study reveal that logistical constraints hindered effective implementation
of comprehensive, youth-friendly services by providers. Providers missed opportunities to
provide clients with much needed information and services due to staff shortage, client
overload, lack of infrastructure, and poor continuity mechanisms. HIV, STIs and unwanted
pregnancies were some of the most important health issues among young people visiting the
health facility. Very few young men utilised the services. Some of the key findings were that
clients continue to experience barriers in interpersonal relations while many expressed the
need for more information from providers. In addition, many young women still have an
unmet need for contraception. Policy makers need to incorporate the needs of young clients
within sexual and reproductive health initiatives. Ideally young people should be involved in
the design and implementation process of comprehensive, youth-friendly health initiatives.
This would form a platform for addressing the barriers that hinder health service provision.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
39
Tumedi, L. G. "The influence of sex education on sexual behaviour of junior secondary school learners in Maokane-Jwaneng school in Botswana / L.G. Tumedi." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15678.
Full textAbstract:
Education is an ongoing process and it is never 'complete' in anyone's life. Sex education is
relevant in Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) in Botswana. The study was under taken to
investigate the influence of sex education on the sexual behaviour of JSS learners. Adolescents
today are faced with challenges and they need support to face these challenges.
The study was guided by the following research objectives: What constitutes the nature and
characteristics of sex education? What is the attitude of learners towards sex education? What is
the effect of sex education on learners? And what strategies can be put in place to improve sex
education?
Three schools were purposely selected for the study. From the population of 1550 learners, 55
were sampled, from 145 teachers, 25 were sampled and from 75 parents 9 were sampled. The
quantitative approach through survey method was used in collecting data through questionnaires.
Qualitative approach was used to collect data. Interviews were recorded manually and later
coded, grouped and finally analysed.
The following findings were shown by the study. Sex education should be included in the
curriculum. Sex education does influence the behaviour of learners. Sex education is an
important aspect in one's life. Modern technology should be used for sex education. Trained
personnel are required in schools.Thesis (M.Ed) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011
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Cavric, Gordana. "Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, related attitudes and participation in risky sexual behaviour among first and fourth year female students at the University of Botswana." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11328.
Full textAbstract:
M.P.H., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011Introduction Botswana still has the second highest HIV prevalence in the world with little indication of any significant decline. In Botswana, women are disproportionately affected: young women account for more than half (58 %) of the adults living with HIV thus indicating a significant gender disparity in HIV infection. University educated, urban young women aged 19-39 have been identified as group at particularly high risk of HIV infection. Aim This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV and AIDS and how such knowledge and attitudes have implications for participation in risky sexual behavior among female University of Botswana students in their first and fourth years of study. Methodology This study was conducted at the University of Botswana (UB) in Gaborone. Data was collected using a selfadministered questionnaire on Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and participation in Risky Sexual Behavior among female students in first and fourth year of studies at University of Botswana. Results The knowledge regarding the “window period” and infectivity during the window period was significantly lower for first year students compared to fourth years. Attitudes towards people with HIV were positive in both groups, while affirmative attitudes towards premarital sex are increasing as the students progress academically. The analyses highlight that the percentage of women who reported having been sexually active the proceeding year was significantly higher among fourth year students (82.6%) than their first year counterparts (56.9 %), (p<0.01), with the number of partners significantly higher among women in their fourth year. Significantly, 3% of first year female students stated that their partners did not want to use a condom while 7 percent of the participants themselves said that that was the case. Amongst fourth year UB female students responding, 4% said that their partners did not want to use a condom, yet 14% participant said that they themselves did not want to use one. Overall, the prevalence of self-reported STI’s was significantly higher among fourth year students when compared with first year students 19 of 155 [12.26% ]vs. 4 of 144 [2.78 %] p<0.01 . Conclusion This study explored the knowledge of HIV/AIDS and participation in risky sexual behavior amongst female students in their first and fourth years at the University of Botswana. The study supported the findings that higher levels of formal education are associated with better knowledge of how to protect oneself from HIV/AIDS transmission. Although many HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns might have contributed to educated women being knowledgeable about how to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS transmission and the importance from abstaining from risky sexual behavior, a small but significant proportion of women still do not use condoms consistently
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Moleli, Lebese Johannes. "A peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8032.
Full textAbstract:
D.Ed.This study applied a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach. The purpose of the study was to develop, implement and evaluate a peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng. Based on the purpose of the study, the objectives of this research were: a) to explore and describe the experiences and challenges related to life threatening behaviour challenges among late adolescents; b) to develop a conceptual framework as basis for a peer counselling psycho-educational programme on peer education to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements; c) to describe a peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements; d) to formulate guidelines and principles for the implementation of a peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements; and e) to evaluate this peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements. To achieve the purpose of this research, the research method followed four phases to develop, implement and evaluate the psycho-educational programme. Phase one was a situational analysis by means of fieldwork. Phase two outlined a conceptual framework for a peer counselling psycho-educational programme that was developed from the results of phase one and the literature. Phase three was the outline of the implementation, and phase four the evaluation of the developed peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng. ii The researcher sought to understand the targeted area and targeted populations; this exercise helped the researcher to identify and address the research problem and also to gain knowledge on the attitudes, norms, and values, and also the lived experiences, of the targeted community. It gave the researcher an understanding on cultural norms and beliefs and assisted in demarcating the extent of the problem. The importance of this exercise was to help the researcher to know the population demographics and the demarcation of the targeted area, which also assisted with resource allocation. During this situation analysis, the researcher identified the need for the exploration of life threatening sexual behaviour challenges among late adolescents in informal settlements. He identified these young people by observing them during site visits in their communities and also through conversations with them. Therefore, the researcher underwent experiential learning to understand the life threatening sexual behaviour, experiences and problems among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng.
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Anyanwu, Felix Chima. "The influence of family dynamics on adolescents deviant and sexual risk behaviour in a migration affected community in South Africa: an evidence for public health intervention." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1100.
Full textAbstract:
PhD (Public Health)Department of Public Health
The well-being of adolescents’ population is a major concern to policy makers, educators and researchers all over the world. Research has shown that adolescents engage in deviant and risky sexual behaviour, and such behaviour may have consequences for their present or future health. Likewise, it has been shown that adolescents are also known to conform to societal norms if they are given proper guidance. In the light of this, the present study proposed to explore and explain the influence of family dynamics in the occurrence of adolescents deviant and sexual risk behaviour. This study involved a sequential explorative, descriptive and analytic mixed method design, combining both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The study was divided into three (3) phases. Phase 1 was purely qualitative in nature, where a total of 10 parents and 13 adolescents were engaged in an in-depth interview. Phase 2 was quantitative in nature, using a cross-sectional analytic design involving 388 adolescents, while Phase 3 was the development of a public health intervention to mitigate the influence of family dynamics on adolescent deviant and sexual risk behaviour. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis, while the quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, multinomial and binary logistic regression were used to compare differences between the dependent and independent variables. The level of statistical difference was set at p<0.05. Couple conflicts was a common finding in the study. In addition, many families suffered severe financial constraints and some parents were disconnected from their children physically, emotionally and financially (particularly the fathers). Adolescents claim that the age difference between them and their parents remains a barrier to communication, in addition, some participants claimed that they received little or no sex education from their parents. The present study found a high level of recent physical violence (30%), alcohol (52.9%) and drug use (10%) among participants. The level of sexual activity in this study was high, with 60.1% of the participants being sexually active and 23.1% having been pregnant. In addition, only 35.6% using condoms regularly. There was gender difference among participants on the following variables: cigarette smoking, teenage pregnancy and having multiple sexual partners. Furthermore, participants differed significantly across age group on the following variables: cigarette smoking, sexual activity, having friends who are sexually active, reported pregnancy and currently having iii a relationship. However, ‘relationship with mother’ was the family dynamic variable that recorded a wider effect on deviant and sexual risk behaviour. Furthermore, age, duration of stay in the community, living with siblings, relationship with mother, having enough money at home, being supported emotionally at home and parental love for each other, were predictors of deviant and sexual risk behaviour in the present study. There was also low level of risk perception and low level of skill for self-protection among the participants. As part of the objectives of the present study, the study findings were used to develop an evidence-based public health programme targeted at vulnerable adolescents and adolescents at high risk for deviant and sexual risk behaviour. It is hoped that this programme will be able to empower parents and caregivers to apply better parenting practices to forestall undue exposure of adolescents to factors that contribute to deviant and sexual risk behaviour. The present study demonstrated that although adolescents have the propensity for deviant behaviours, many may transit to adulthood without much adverse sequelae even in the face of harsh family social and economic adversities. However, a proportion of the adolescent population in this community remains vulnerable due to the effects of family de-structuring, poverty and unemployment.
NRF
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Ogana, Winifred N. "Sexual misconceptions that predispose African adolescent girls to HIV infection in Umlazi Township, Durban." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1511.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation elicits focuses on sexual misconceptions which pose challenges to HIV/AIDS prevention and control among African adolescent girls in Umlazi Township, Durban. The study springs from the realisation that mere misconceptions related to sexuality could instigate risky behaviour resulting in HIV infection, and ultimately, result in premature death related to AIDS-related illnesses. Due to their physiological vulnerability, adolescent women are among a group at highest risk for contracting HIV in South Africa The study seeks, therefore, to understand how sexual misconceptions predispose girls to HIV infection against the context of gender, sexuality and reproductive health. The latter three issues are shaped by myriad forces working against the adolescent group. The study concludes with recommendations focused on challenging and removing sexual misconceptions with gender-sensitive interventions.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.
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Atujuna, Millicent. "A comparative analysis of the effect of self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS on the adoption of safer sex practices as a preventive measure for HIV/AIDS among adolescents : Uganda and South Africa." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3994.
Full textAbstract:
This work examines sexual behavioural change and the likely predisposing factors in the era of HIV/AIDS among young adults in Uganda and South Africa. It explores the potential role of young adults' self-perceived risk of HIV infection in sexual behavioural decisions regarding adoption of safe sex practices, in particular 'use of condoms' and 'limiting number of sexual partners '. This work further recognises that Uganda and South Africa are countries with social, cultural, economic, and political contexts, which contexts have been described by many as inextricably linked with sexual behaviour, and which often determine the choices young adults make regarding sexual activity. These are therefore examined. In order to achieve this, a rigorous examination and analysis of self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS in relation to societal factors was done to determine which variables of the two categories best explains sexual behaviour. This is placed in the context of young female adults between the ages of 15 to 24 in Uganda and South Africa. The formulation of this study, which places emphasis on examining the potential role of self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS as a predisposing factor for sexual behavioural change, and in Uganda and South Africa is based on a number of aspects as highlighted below: • That both Uganda and South Africa at one point or another were and/or are faced with high prevalence levels of HIV/AIDS; • That both have and/or are yet to be faced with high mortality, which is HIV/AIDS related and such profound consequences will/or have had inadvertent effects on individual, both socially and economically. In some respects, this has also affected individual perceptions regarding HIV infection; • Recognition that the progression of HIV/AIDS in Uganda was much faster than in South Africa, and this meant higher prevalence, higher mortality rates, which then triggered both government and non-governmental response towards preventing further spread. Since these factors are beginning to emerge in South Africa, one therefore asks the question as to whether the pandemic will take similar trends as those reported in Uganda. This would also enable the identification of similarities and differences in the likely determinants of sexual behavior considering these countries have different backgrounds; • In both countries, education programmes have been rigorous and that the level of awareness is at a point that would enable sexual behavioural change to occur; • A recognition that in Uganda, as shown in a number of reports and existing literature, the prevalence of HIV has declined and for this reason, it has become imperative to try and examine the likely factors leading to reduced HIV/AIDS prevalence, and to compare with what is happening in South Africa. This would enable the examination of any possible lessons that could be learnt in the reduction of the prevalence in South Africa. In the quest to achieve the set goals, a number of steps were undertaken which included looking at available literature and more importantly analysing two sets of Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data. The South Africa Demographic Health Survey of 1998 (SADHS) and the Ugandan Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) of 2000/1. All young female adults between the ages of 15 to 24 were selected from both data sets. 3,229 and 4,559 young female adults were selected in Uganda and South Africa respectively leading to a total sample size of 7,688. Findings showed that self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS was one of the factors that did impact on sexual behaviour. This was more prominent in Uganda and less so in South Africa. Other factors found to affect sexual behaviour included age of respondent, socio-cultural and to a small extent, socio-economic factors. The conclusion that can be drawn from this work shows clearly that self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS is an important factor determining sexual behaviour, but also shows that some societal variables are important. Therefore, in the face of HIV/AIDS and with increased levels of number of people experiencing deaths due to AIDS, selfperceived risk of HIV/AIDS is a factor worth considering when looking at sexual behaviour. As part of the recommendations, education programmes yet to be formulated should take into account the effect of HIV and AIDS on sexual behavioural change.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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Tillotson, Jonathan D. "Barriers to HIV/AIDS protective behaviour among African adolescent males in township secondary schools in Durban, South Africa." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8999.
Full textAbstract:
This exploratory qualitative study investigates possible barriers to HIV preventive behavior amongst
Zulu-speaking, black adolescent males, aged 15-23, in township secondary schools in Durban, South
Africa. Perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and practices concerning HIV prevention and transmission are
elicited using semi-structured focus groups and mixed open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires.
Thematic analysis of the data is used to identify possible barriers to protection. Issues specifically
investigated are condom use and multiple sexual partners. Belief in the ability to choose uninfected
girlfriends, a distrust of and misperceptions about condoms, the importance of trust to a sexual relationship,
false optimism engendered by fast-spreading myths about cures, and skewed risk perception engendered by
conspiracy theory narratives and overestimation of the severity of the epidemic were found to be possible
barriers to protection amongst males and controlling the spread of HIV. A discussion of these barriers
ensues the results.Thesis (M.Dev.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.
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Mkhwanazi, Sibusiso. "The socio-structural analysis of teenage pregnancy in South Africa." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24538.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Witwatersrand in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Demography and Population Studies, October 2017Teenage pregnancy is noted as one of the key development challenges in sub-Saharan Africa and globally due to its adverse social, health and demographic consequences. An avalanche of studies has emerged to identify the predictors of teenage pregnancy in South Africa which indicate a persistently high prevalence of teenage pregnancy. This study intends to examine how social disorganisation contributes to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in South Africa. Social disorganisation is defined here as family disruption, service delivery inaccessibility, community unemployment and residential mobility. The theoretical basis of the study is the social disorganisation theory propounded by Shaw and McKay (1942). The theory was deemed appropriate due to its ability to investigate unfavourable factors beyond the individual-level occurring within society. This theory has not been applied to any teenage pregnancy study in South Africa. The data source for the study is South Africa’s 2011 census. The target population includes females aged 12 to 19. The study uses multilevel logistic regression modelling allowing heterogeneity at the individual and community levels to test the applicability of the theory in explaining teenage pregnancy. Results indicate that teenage pregnancy remains at critical levels with 3.97% of teenage females having given birth in the preceding year yet incidence among 15-19 year olds is 15 times higher than that of 12-14 year olds. Family forms other than two-parented marriages and communities with high levels of family disruption increase the likelihood of teenage pregnancy. Similarly, increasing household service delivery inaccessibility predisposes teenage females to higher odds of pregnancy, as expected. However, higher community unemployment was negatively associated with teenage pregnancy as were higher levels of residential mobility, which is contrary to previous international research findings. To this end, the study provides empirical evidence of the social disorganisation determinants of teenage pregnancy in South Africa. Additionally, the study shows the contribution of certain household and community factors in pregnancy likelihood among young women locally. In light of these findings it becomes necessary for practitioners to create intervention strategies that target these factors to curb the levels and chances of teenage pregnancy nationally. Furthermore, it is vital that government and other stakeholders financially support investigation and prevention campaigns that intentionally address contextual factors to increase adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Consequently, this study contributes to the investigation of structural derivatives to determine pertinent factors in the quest to decrease teenage pregnancy in South Africa.
XL2018
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Musarurgwa, Elizabeth Sabie. "The evaluation of the effectiveness of a sex education programme for adolescents." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1582.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.The purpose of this study was to determine if the PPASA Lifeskills HIV/AIDS programme is an effective sexuality programme for adolescents. The ANOVA was used to measure the effectiveness of the programme. The PPASA Lifeskill HIV/AIDS manual was used to present acceptable sexual knowledge, sexual behaviour and sexual values as well as attitudes. Some of the sources that were reviewed with regard to those variables are Greathead et al., Madima C., Taitz L., Kaplan P., Louw D. and Olivier M. The field experiment before and after control group (pretest-postest) design was used for the research. The Mathtech sexuality questionnaire is the instrument that was employed to measure the effectiveness of the PPASA Lifeskills HIV/AIDS programme with regard to sexual behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and values. The Anova was then used to compare means between different groups and to determine if the scores are statistically significant. Unanticipated results were produced, the experimental groups sexual behaviour got worse instead of improving. The experiential group’s data indicated that the group was not significantly better off on their sexual knowledge, behaviour and attitudes. The results do not necessarily mean that the PPASA Lifeskills HIV/AIDS programme is useless, the programme can be used effectively as long as issues like language of instruction, time frame for the presentation of the programme, information grading and the role of parents with regard to the sexuality of their children can be resolved. Future research should try to work on some of the above mentioned obstacles. Research should be well resourced, both in regard to time as well as the material. It is also important to look into that which makes sexuality education programmes fail and succeed. The school should be the main agent of presenting sexuality education. It should work towards breaking the African culture of regarding sexuality topics as taboo. Parents should also be encouraged to take part in educating their children and being there for their children all the time.
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Nyawose, Busisiwe Miriam. "Sexual risks amongst young African schoolgirls 16-17 in the context of HIV and AIDS." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6232.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses the problem of sexual risk-taking among young African
girls aged 16 turning 17 years of age and factors influencing these risky sexual
behaviours. The main question that arises from this problem is: How do young
African schoolgirls construct sexual risks in their social context? The purpose
of this study therefore was to explore how young African schoolgirls construct
sexual risk in the context of HIV and AIDS in one high school in the Pinetown
district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
The research context was one high school in the densely populated township of
KwaNdengezi in Pinetown district, Durban. The study comprised of 8 female
participants in the 16-17 year age groups. In order to find out which factors
influence young African girls’ sexual behaviours, a qualitative research design
based on socio-constructionist theory was used. Data were collected using
semi-structured interviews.
Results of this study showed that the majority of young girls were
knowledgeable about HIV and AIDS; they knew how it is transmitted, and they
knew that involving themselves sexually is dangerous, which is why most of
them had not done so. Some girls preserved their virginity, a good way of
delaying early sexual debut. The young girls also had knowledge about
preventative measures. The results also indicated that factors influencing young
girls’ sexual risk behaviours included, among others, partying at night, fear of
their partners, culture, gender inequalities and – mostly – alcohol intake. They
also revealed that there is a lack of support about sexual issues from parents,
community and the Government.
This study revealed that young African school girls involve themselves in risky
sexual behaviours, and experience a lack of support from parents, the
community and the Government – agencies which the young girls feel can be
instrumental in helping them to change their sexual behaviours. From all of
this it is concluded that there is a need for further research among young
African girls aged 16 turning 17 years.Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Edgewood, 2011.
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Swart, Lu-Anne. "Adolescent dating relationships : sexual coercion and high risk sexual practices." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1866.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated coercive and high risk sexual practices in South African adolescent dating relationships. Quantitative and qualitative information was collected from secondary school learners in a community near Johannesburg. Of 928 learners surveyed, 23.5% of females and 53.7% of males ever had sex. Of these, 57.8% of females and 44.2% of males reported sexual victimisation, and 46.8% of females and 50% of males reported perpetrating sexual coercion in a relationship. Significantly more males engaged in risky sex than females. Among females, sexual coercion was significantly linked to risky sexual behaviour. Among males, alcohol and perpetration of sexual coercion were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviour. Focus group data reveal how dominant constructions of gender normalise male coercion and contribute to risky sexual practices. Recommendations for sexual health initiatives include introducing alternative discourses of female sexual desire and male sexual responsibility as a means for building healthier adolescent dating relationships.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Mataboge, Palesa Daisy. "The association between violence and early sexual debut among youth in South Africa, 2012." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21889.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the School of Social Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the field of Demography and Population Studies for the year 2015Introduction: Early sexual debut remains a public health concern, and it continues to gather interest among researchers. In part interest is driven by the unchanging age at sexual debut and even though the age of sexual debut remains unchanged, the rate of early sexual debut keeps rising in many developing countries (Pettifor et al, 2009). Approximately 60% of young people in South Africa report to have had sexual intercourse by the time they are 16 years old (Peltzer, 2006). Furthermore early sexual debut has been identified as an indicator of risky sexual behaviour; as it exacerbates the individuals exposure to sexually transmitted diseases especially HIV, which is most prevalent among the youth in the ages 15-24 years old (Mchunu, 2012). Similarly, violence also remains a public health concern as it endangers the development of young people. Approximately 3.5 million people report injuries caused by violence every year, and violence accounts for 30% of mortality (Norman et al, 2010). A prevalent feature of violence is the dual role of young men as victims and as perpetrators of violence (Seedat et al, 2009). In some areas of South Africa homicide deaths of males outnumber those of females at a rate of 7 males to 1 female death (Seedat et al, 2009). Furthermore other reported consequences of violence among the youth are mental health problems, injuries and a negative education outcome among young people in South Africa. Young people are future leaders and parents of South Africa and it is therefore important to have a study that will examine the association between two factors that have been deemed as risk factors for the development of young people. The general objective of this study is to examine the association between violence and early sexual debut among youth in South Africa. The first specific objective of the study is to identify the level of early sexual debut among youth in South Africa, while the second specific objective of the study is to examine the association between violence and early sexual debut controlling for socio-economic and demographic variables. Methodology: Data was obtained from the National HIV communication survey with a sample of 1 873,956 females and 932,397 males. who are in their youth (15-24 years old). Data was managed using the STATA 12 and was analysed in a way that answers the objectives of the study. For descriptive analysis, frequency tables and graphs were used. A chi-square test was conducted, to test for an association between violence and early sexual debut and for multivariate analysis the study employed a multinomial logistic model
GR2017