Academic literature on the topic 'Teeth Dental Enamel'
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Journal articles on the topic "Teeth Dental Enamel"
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Tihaček-Šojić, Ljiljana, Vladimir Milićević, and Marija Đurić-Srejić. "Crystallographic and Colorimetric Analysis of Dental Enamel." Dental Anthropology Journal 11, no. 2 (2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v11i2.213.
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Tooth color and the correlation of the compostion of dental enamel with color were investigated in samples of teeth from two medieval Serb cemeteries. Differences in the composition of apatite crystals in the dental enamel of the two samples were found. Color ranges of teeth from the two samples differ in hues and chromas. This result suggests that enamel composition may have an influence on the color of teeth. The prevalence of chlorapatite in enamel causes tooth color to be closer to red and of higher chroma than teeth whose enamel consists of hydroxylapatite. No evidenc indicated that soil ingredients were incorporated into the dental enamel of either sample.
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Goodman, A. H. "Dental Enamel Hypoplasias in Prehistoric Populations." Advances in Dental Research 3, no. 2 (1989): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374890030022801.
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Recent years have witnessed an impressive increase in research on enamel hypoplasias in archaeological populations. By reviewing a series of studies of enamel hypoplasias at Dickson Mounds, Illinois, North America (950-1300 A.D.), a prehistoric site involved in the transition from gathering-hunting to agriculture, this paper provides an illustration of this type of research. The location of linear hypoplasias on labial tooth surfaces of 111 adults was studied with a thin-tipped caliper, and this location was converted to an age at development. Most defects developed between two and four years of developmental age. Hypoplasias increased in prevalence from 45% in the pre-agriculture group to 80% in the agricultural group (p < 0.01). The transition to agriculture occurred at a cost to infant and childhood health. Defects are associated with decreased longevity. Individuals with defects have a life expectancy of nearly ten years fewer than those without defects, suggesting that the development of a defect marks a significant and lasting health event. Enamel hypoplasias occur most frequently on anterior teeth, polar teeth in developmental fields, and the middle developmental thirds of teeth. Analysis of these data suggests that enamel may be differentially susceptible to growth disruption and that susceptibility varies both within and among teeth. The study of enamel defects at Dickson provides insights into the health and nutritional consequences of the economic change from hunting and gathering to agriculture. More generally, with the availability of teeth from genetically homogeneous populations, studies of enamel hypoplasias in prehistory should provide a useful complement to research on this condition in contemporary peoples.
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Richards, A., J. Kragstrup, K. Josephsen, and O. Fejerskov. "Dental Fluorosis Developed in Post-secretory Enamel." Journal of Dental Research 65, no. 12 (1986): 1406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345860650120501.
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The aim of this study was to test whether dental fluorosis can be produced by administration of chronic doses of fluoride during only the post-secretory stage of enamel mineralization. Eight control and eight experimental pigs matched by weight and litter were fed a low-fluoride diet (<0.05 mg F-/kg b.w. daily) from weaning to slaughter at 14 months. The test group received an oral dose of 2 mg F -/kg b.w. per day from 8 months of age. Lower fourth pre-molars were at the post-secretory stage at the start of fluoride administration (confirmed by tetracycline marker) and were just erupting at slaughter. All of the fourth pre-molar teeth from the test group developed diffuse enamel hypomineralization indistinguishable from human fluorosis. No such lesions were seen in any of the teeth from the control animals. It was concluded that enamel fluorosis may be caused by fluoride exposure in the maturation phase only. The pathogenic mechanism may be an effect either on the selective loss of protein or on the influx of mineral, both of which occur during the post-secretory or maturation stage of enamel formation.
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Nakamura, Y., L. Hammarström, E. Lundberg, et al. "Enamel Matrix Derivative Promotes Reparative Processes in the Dental Pulp." Advances in Dental Research 15, no. 1 (2001): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374010150010201.
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During odontogenesis, amelogenins from the preameloblasts are translocated to differentiating odontoblasts in the dental papilla, suggesting that amelogenins may be associated with odontoblast changes during development. In the present study, we have explored the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on the healing of a pulpal wound. Coronal pulp tissue of permanent maxillary premolars of miniature swine were exposed through buccal class V cavities. The exposed pulp was capped with EMD. The contralateral teeth served as controls and were capped with a calcium hydroxide paste (Dycal®). The cavities were sealed with glass-ionomer cement. After 2 and 4 weeks, the histology of the teeth was analyzed. In the EMD-treated teeth, large amounts of newly formed dentin-like hard tissue with associated formative cells outlined the pulpal wound separating the cavity area from the remaining pulp tissue. Inflammatory cells were present in the wound area but not subjacent to the newly formed hard tissue. Morphometric analysis showed that the amount of hard tissue formed in EMD-treated teeth was more than twice that of the calcium-hydroxide-treated control teeth (p < 0.001), suggesting that EMD is capable of promoting reparative processes in the wounded pulp more strongly than is calcium hydroxide.
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Zhang, Rui, Qian Qian Lin, Fan Bieke Wu, Zhen Guo Wang, and Bin Liu. "The Crystal Structure and Mechanical Characteristics of Enamel and Dentin of Primary and Permanent Teeth." Advanced Materials Research 934 (May 2014): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.934.177.
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Objective: To test and contrastive analysis the crystal structure and mechanical characteristics of enamel and dentin of primary and permanent teeth by XRD and contact angle meter, provide information and experimental data for bionics and designs of dental materials. Methods: Teeth were randomly divided into four groups, including permanent teeth enamel group, permanent teeth dentin group, primary teeth enamel group, and primary teeth primary teeth. The crystal structure and mechanical characteristics of teeth were tested by XRD and contact angle meter. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results: The crystalline and grain size of enamel were significantly larger than dentin’s. The crystalline and grain size of enamel and dentin of permanent teeth were also larger than primary teeth. Conclusions: The XRD and contact angle of primary and permanent teeth are closely related to their structures, Dental filling material to give full consideration to their different property.
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Nair, Radhakrishnan, and Anoop N. Das. "Esthetic Rehabilitation of Teeth with Dental Fluorosis." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 4, no. 1 (2014): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1099.
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ABSTRACT High intake of fluoride causes developmental disturbances of tooth enamel leading to dental fluorosis. It produces mottling of enamel and its occurance depends upon the quantity of fluoride ingested and the stage of tooth development. Esthetic management of mottled teeth is planned according to the severity of discoloration and the extent of surface aberrations. A combination of different techniques makes the teeth lighter in shade with a smoother surface. This case report describes the management of fluorosed teeth which is discolored and pitted on the surface by minimally invasive procedures. How to cite this article Nair R, Das AN, Kuriakose MC, Praveena G. Esthetic Rehabilitation of Teeth with Dental Fluorosis. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(1):11-13.
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Nait Lechguer, A., S. Kuchler-Bopp, B. Hu, Y. Haïkel, and H. Lesot. "Vascularization of Engineered Teeth." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 12 (2008): 1138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808701216.
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The implantation of cultured dental cell-cell re-associations allows for the reproduction of fully formed teeth, crown morphogenesis, epithelial histogenesis, mineralized dentin and enamel deposition, and root-periodontium development. Since vascularization is critical for organogenesis and tissue engineering, this work aimed to study: (a) blood vessel formation during tooth development, (b) the fate of blood vessels in cultured teeth and re-associations, and (c) vascularization after in vivo implantation. Ex vivo, blood vessels developed in the dental mesenchyme from the cap to bell stages and in the enamel organ, shortly before ameloblast differentiation. In cultured teeth and re-associations, blood-vessel-like structures remained in the peridental mesenchyme, but never developed into dental tissues. After implantation, both teeth and re-associations became revascularized, although later in the case of the re-associations. In implanted re-associations, newly formed blood vessels originated from the host, allowing for their survival, and affording conditions organ growth, mineralization, and enamel secretion.
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Kelly, Ariana M., Anna Kallistova, Erika C. Küchler, et al. "Measuring the Microscopic Structures of Human Dental Enamel Can Predict Caries Experience." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 1 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10010005.
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Objectives: The hierarchical structure of enamel gives insight on the properties of enamel and can influence its strength and ultimately caries experience. Currently, past caries experience is quantified using the decayed, missing, filled teeth/decayed, missing, filled surface (DMFT/DMFS for permanent teeth; dmft/dmfs for primary teeth), or international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) scores. By analyzing the structure of enamel, a new measurement can be utilized clinically to predict susceptibility to future caries experience based on a patient’s individual’s biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that number of prisms by square millimeter in enamel and average gap distance between prisms and interprismatic areas, influence caries experience through genetic variation of the genes involved in enamel formation. Materials and Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of enamel from primary teeth were used to measure (i) number of prisms by square millimeter and interprismatic spaces, (ii) prism density, and (iii) gap distances between prisms in the enamel samples. The measurements were tested to explore a genetic association with variants of selected genes and correlations with caries experience based on the individual’s DMFT+ dmft score and enamel microhardness at baseline, after an artificial lesion was created and after the artificial lesion was treated with fluoride. Results: Associations were found between variants of genes including ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, tuftelin interactive protein 11, beta defensin 1, matrix metallopeptidase 20 and enamel structure variables measured (number of prisms by square millimeter in enamel and average gap distance between prisms and interprismatic areas). Significant correlations were found between caries experience and microhardness and enamel structure. Negative correlations were found between number of prisms by square millimeter and high caries experience (r value= −0.71), gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created (r value= −0.70), and gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created and then treated with fluoride (r value= −0.81). There was a positive correlation between number of prisms by square millimeter and prism density of the enamel (r value = 0.82). Conclusions: Our data support that genetic variation may impact enamel formation, and therefore influence susceptibility to dental caries and future caries experience. Clinical Relevance: The evaluation of enamel structure that may impact caries experience allows for hypothesizing that the identification of individuals at higher risk for dental caries and implementation of personalized preventative treatments may one day become a reality.
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Galuscan, Atena, Daniela Jumanca, Angela C. Podariu, et al. "The Assessment of Enamel Demineralisation by Fluorescent Light in Fixed Orthodontics." Key Engineering Materials 638 (March 2015): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.638.262.
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<p class="TTPAbstract">The brackets collating technique and microbial factors increase the risk for enamel demineralization in patients with fixed orthodontic appliance. The aim of this study was to determine the risk level of enamel demineralization in fixed orthodontic device bearers. The enamel demineralization was assessed in 187 patients by measuring dental structure by fluorescent light. The measurements were performed with the DIAGNOdent Pen 2190 (KaVo, Biberach, Germany). Except canines which remain in the risk 1 category, without enamel demineralization, the other investigated teeth may have a medium demineralization degree The values recorded with fluorescent light on canine enamel showed low and insignificant differences (p>0.05) as a result of fixed orthodontic appliances, classifying these teeth as healthy teeth with enamel integrity or with low enamel demineralization. The molars presented significantly increased values in the study group as compared to the control group (p<0.05). 6 years molars had a marked predisposition to demineralization and caries as compared to frontal group teeth, after fluorescent light measurements. The measurements include these teeth in the medium to high risk for dental caries. The DIAGNOdent, due to its capacity to determine the demineralization degree of dental surfaces, may be used to monitor patients and to prevent the occurrence of dental caries during fixed orthodontic treatments.<o:p></o:p></p>
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Kaskova, L. F., N. A. Morhun, L. I. Amosova, N. V. Yanko, and A. V. Artemiev. "REVIEW OF MODERN APPROACHES TO DENTAL FLUOROSIS MANAGEMENT." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.3.2019.11.
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Dental fluorosis is caused by ingesting too much fluoride while the teeth are developing. Poltava region belongs to Buchach fluorine hydrogeological province which ground waters are characterized by a high content of fluorine. Such districts as Myrgorod, Lubny, Gadyach, Globino, Mashivka, Shyshaky and Novy Sanzshary have fluoride concentration in drinking water from 2,5 tо 7 mg/l. It is known that the overdose of fluoride has deleterious effect on enamel development, generating a hypomineralized porous subsuperfacial enamel. Mild fluorosis transforms into moderate fluorosis with brown pigmentation over time and increasing the severity of fluorosis is associated with increasing the patient`s dissatisfaction.
 There are a few different ways that dental fluorosis can be treated. Local remineralisation therapy is the most careful way to reduce or eliminate fluorosis spots. Enamel microabrasion removes the outer porous enamel with pumice after it has been partly demineralized by the acid; topical fluoride that remineralized the enamel follows microabrasion. A teeth whitening can return teeth to their former glory in a single visit. Infiltration technique is the novel approach to fluorosis management which masks white spots. Veneers or crowns are the next option that restores teeth gleaming appearance. Unfortunately, previous reviews that have analyzed contemporary methods of fluorosis treatment didn’t determine their indications depending on the disease severity and the enamel maturation.
 Purpose of the study was to systematize the methods of dental fluorosis management offered last years and to determine the indications for their use depending on the severity of the disease and the maturity of the tooth enamel. Searching strategy for identification of scientific publications published between the years 2009 - May 2019 was conducted by reviewers independently through Google. The search strategy included keywords "dental fluorosis management", «teeth whitening», «teeth microabrasion», «infiltration for fluorosis treatment» and it was complementated by checking references of the relevant review articles and the eligible studies for additional useful publications.
 Over the last 10 years few articles were dealt with minerals, vitamins, adaptogens, antitoxicants prescription for fluorosis management. Such tooth pastes as «R.O.C.S» and «Novyi zhemchuh calcium» showed efficacy in local remineralisation therapy of fluorosis in children. Infiltration technique was used for mild fluorosis management and in combination with whitening for moderate fluorosis treatment in children. Different tooth whitening techniques were offered and only some of them include local remineralisation therapy that can stabilize clinical result. Carbamide and orthophosphoric acid were utilized for whitening of immature fluorosis teeth. Microabrasion in children's teeth was effective in combination with following fluoridation, for example Tooth Moose.
 Direct and indirect restorations are considered the treatment of choice for moderate to severe cases of fluorosis given the optimum aesthetics, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and long-term results. Whereas veneers and crowns are indicated in mature fluorosis teeth, choice of direct composite restorations doesn’t depend on tooth maturity.
 Treatment of fluorosis of various severities in children should include endogenous use of medicines that increase the enamel remineralisation. Local remineralisation therapy is indicated for mild fluorosis in immature teeth and for moderate fluorosis in combination with bleaching and microabrasion. Infiltration technique is recommended for mild fluorosis management and in combination with whitening for moderate fluorosis treatment in children. In the case of inefficiency of minimally invasive methods or severe fluorosis, direct or indirect restorations are conducted. Promising direction in fluorosis treatment is the development of new methods for fluorosis management, including general and local remineralization therapy, as well as infiltration technique.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Teeth Dental Enamel"
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Shabanian-Borojeni, Mitra. "Wear studies of enamel and some restorative materials." Title page, contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5241.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves [1-20]). A systematic analysis of wear involving the in vitro analysis of the wear of standard composite resin and glass ionomer cements restorations under controlled conditions; and, the qualitative and quantitative investigation of wear over a range of pH's and loads which might be encountered clinically in order to develop a "wear map" of the micromorphology of wearing teeth and restorations and a systematic modeling of wear rates.
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CARA, ANA C. B. de. "Avaliação do processo de desenvolvimento de desmineralização em esmalte dental humano utilizando a técnica de tomografia por coerencia óptica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10112.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Dissertação (Mestrado)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP<br>FAPESP:10/03123-8
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鄭存革 and Cunge Zheng. "Relationship between dental caries in the primary teeth and developmental defects of enamel in the permanent successors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30331109.
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Al-Mohammadi, Saeed M. "An investigation into factors related to developmental defects of enamel in Saudi children." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283018.
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Amaechi, Bennett Tochukwu. "Studies relating to the development and progression of enamel lesions : caries and erosion." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366453.
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Gonçalves, Soraya Cheier Dib. "Influência de bebidas ingeridas rotineiramente por crianças na microdureza do esmalte de dentes decíduos: avaliação in vitro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58135/tde-13112007-112340/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a influência do refrigerante de limão (Sprite®), do suco à base de soja sabor maçã (Ades®) e do suco de morango (Kapo®), empregadas rotineiramente na alimentação de crianças na microdureza superficial e profunda do esmalte de dentes decíduos em função do tempo de exposição. Foram utilizadas quarenta coroas de incisivos decíduos humanos hígidos, acomodados em bases de acrílico mantendo as superfícies vestibulares expostas. Os conjuntos dente/base de acrílico foram impermeabilizados com esmalte cosmético, deixando exposta uma área de 3 mm de diâmetro na face vestibular, na qual foram realizadas as medidas de microdureza superficial Knoop (50 gf, 10 segundos e 5 endentações). Os espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=10), de acordo com as bebidas empregadas (Sprite®, Ades®, Kapo®) e controle (mantidos em saliva artificial). Os ciclos de imersão foram realizados sob agitação, durante 5 minutos, 3 vezes ao dia, com intervalos de 4 horas durante 60 dias. As medidas de microdureza superficial foram realizadas após 7, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias. Obtidas as medidas superficiais, os espécimes foram cortados no sentido longitudinal, lixados e polidos para a avaliação das medidas de microdureza a 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 200 e 300?m de profundidade em relação à superfície exposta das bebidas. Os dados da microdureza superficial e profunda foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. Foi realizada a microscopia eletrônica de varredura em 20 coroas de incisivos decíduos humanos hígidos submetidos ao mesmo protocolo de imersão dos espécimes utilizados para a análise de microdureza. Nos resultados da porcentagem de variação de microdureza superficial (%VMS), observou-se que o Sprite® apresentou a maior variação de micro dureza superficial (62,02%), sendo estatisticamente diferente do Kapo®morango (49,05%) do Ades®maçã (40,56%) e da saliva (-11,31%). Houve perda progressiva da microdureza ao longo dos períodos estudados. Os resultados da microdureza em profundidade mostraram que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o refrigerante de limão (117,98 KHN), o suco de maçã à base de soja (188,18 KHN) e o suco de morango (157.27 KHN). Apenas na profundidade de 300 ?m é que ocorreu semelhança entre as quatro soluções estudadas. Concluiu-se que todas as bebidas avaliadas alteraram a microdureza do esmalte de dentes decíduos tanto superficialmente quanto em profundidade. A alteração em profundidade foi evidente até 200?m, sendo que o Sprite® alterou o esmalte de maneira mais intensa. Observou-se ainda que a alteração na microdureza do esmalte foi diretamente proporcional ao tempo de exposição a essas bebidas. As soluções deste estudo influenciaram negativamente a dureza do esmalte.<br>The aim of this study was to assess, in vitro, the influence of a lemon soft drink (Sprite®), an apple soya juice (Ades®) and a strawberry juice (Kapo®) routinely utilized in children\'s diet on the superficial and deep microhardness of primary teeth enamel, as a function of the exposure time. Forty crowns of caries-free human primary incisors were included in acrylic bases, keeping the buccal surfaces exposed. The ensembles tooth/acrylic base were rendered waterproof by coating them with cosmetic nail varnish, leaving exposed a 3-mm area on the buccal surface, in which superficial Knoop microhardness measurements were performed (50 gf, 10 sec and 5 indentations). The specimens were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10), according to the beverages employed (Sprite®, Ades®, Kapo®) and the control group (kept in artificial saliva). The immersion cycles were performed under agitation for 5 minutes, 3 times a day, with 4 hours intervals, during a 60-day period. The superficial microhardness measurements were done after 7,15,30,45 and 60 days. Once the superficial measurements were performed, the specimens were longitudinally cut, ground and polished for the deep measurements to be accomplished. Microhardness measurements were done at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 200 e 300?m deep from the surface exposed to the beverages. Superficial and deep microhardness data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests. Scanning electron microscopy was performed in 20 crowns of caries-free human primary incisors submitted to the same imersion regimen as that of specimens utilized for microhardness testing. The results of superficial microhardness variation percentage (%VMS) showed that Sprite® (62, 02%) yielded the greatest microhardness, being statistically different from Kapo® (49, 05%); Ades® (40, 56%) and saliva (-11, 31%). There was a gradual and significant microhardness loss on superficial microhardness in all periods evaluated. The results of deep microhardness showed that there was statistically significant difference between the lemon soft drink (117, 98 KHN), apple soya juice (188, 18 KHN) and the strawberry juice (157.27 KHN). There was similarity between the beverages evaluated only at 300 ?m depth. It may be concluded that all beverages evaluated altered both the superficial and the deep microhardness of enamel of primary teeth. The alteration in deep microhardness was evident up to the 200?m depth. Sprite® affected the enamel more aggressively. It was also observed that the alteration on the enamel microhardness was directly proportional to the time of exposure to the beverages. The beverages of the reported study presented a negative impact on the enamel surface and depth of primary teeth.
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Scatena, Camila. "Efeito erosivo de medicamentos pediátricos de uso prolongado no esmalte de dentes decíduos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58135/tde-08062011-161811/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito in vitro de três medicamentos líquidos orais pediátricos de uso prolongado no esmalte de dentes decíduos. Sessenta incisivos superiores decíduos hígidos, recentemente esfoliados, foram seccionados de forma a expor a superfície vestibular e foram fixados em bases acrílicas. As superfícies foram polidas e os conjuntos dente/base acrílica foram impermeabilizados com duas camadas de esmalte cosmético para unhas, deixando exposta uma área de 2 mm² na superfície vestibular, na qual as medidas de Microdureza Superficial Knoop foram realizadas (25 gf, 30 s e 3 penetrações). Os espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=15) de acordo com os medicamentos empregados (Guaifenesina- Xarope Vick®-Mel; Sulfato Ferroso- Sulferrol®; Sulfato de Salbutamol) e o grupo controle (Saliva Artificial). Os ciclos de imersão foram realizados durante um período de 28 dias, sob leve agitação por 1 min, 3 vezes ao dia, com 6 horas de intervalo, quando espécimes eram mantidos em saliva artificial. As medidas de microdureza superficial foram realizadas após 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias e os dados obtidos foram estatisticamente analisados. A Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura foi realizada em 20 espécimes, após o período de 28 dias de exposição em cada solução. A ANOVA, seguida pela decomposição da soma dos quadrados e o teste de Tukey mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes na microdureza superficial entre os 3 medicamentos: Sulfato Ferroso (236,7 KHN); Sulfato de Salbutamol (118,5 KHN); Guaifenesina (231,6 KNH); quando comparados ao grupo controle (305,7 KNH). Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos de Sulfato Ferroso e Guaifenesina. Todos os medicamentos avaliados reduziram os valores de microdureza do esmalte e o menor valor de microdureza foi encontrado no grupo do Sulfato de Salbutamol. Concluiu-se que todos os medicamentos relatados no estudo apresentaram efeito erosivo à superfície do esmalte de dentes decíduos.<br>The aim of this study was evaluate in vitro the erosive effect of 3 pediatric long-term relief syrups on enamel of primary teeth. Sixty sound exfoliated deciduous superior incisors were sectioned in order to expose the buccal surface and fixed in acrylic bases. The surfaces were flat and ground and the ensembles thooth/acrylic base were rendered waterproof by coating them with cosmetic nail varnish, leaving exposed a 2-mm² area on the buccal surface, in which superficial Knoop microhardness measurements were performed (25 gf, 30 sec and 3 indentations). The specimens were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=15) according to the medications employed (Guaifenesin - Vick®-Mel Syrup; Ferrous Sulfate - Sulferrol®-; Salbutamol Sulfate) and the control group (Artificial Saliva). The immersion cycles were performed during a 28-day period, under low agitation for 1 min, 3 times a day, with 6 hours interval, when specimens were kept in artificial saliva. The superficial microhardness measurements were performed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and the data were statistically analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy was performed after the 28-day of exposition in each solution. The two-way ANOVA, followed by sum of squares decomposition and Tukeys test showed significant differences in superficial microhardness between the 3 medicaments: Ferrous Sulfate (236.7 KHN); Salbutamol Sulfate (118.5 KHN); Guaifenesin (231.6 KNH); compared with control group (305.7 KNH). There was no significant difference between the groups of Ferrous Sulfate and Guaifenesin. All the syrups evaluated reduced the final enamel microhardness and the lowest microhardness value was Salbutamol Sulfate. It may be concluded that the syrups of the reported study presented erosive effect on the enamel surface of primary teeth.
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DeSantis, Lauren C. "Options for Treating Teeth Affected with Developmental Defects of Enamel A survey of dentists and dental hygienists in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1431075856.
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Mullins, Joseph M. "Effect of enamel bleaching on bond strength of orthodontic brackets an in vivo and and in vitro study /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3834.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 56 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55).
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Karkhanis, Shalmira. "Macroscopic and microscopic changes in incinerated deciduous teeth." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0170.
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The teeth are amongst the most resilient elements of the human skeleton and are thus often utilised in routine forensic investigation involving the identification of unknown remains. The teeth, however, also have other practical forensic applications. Teeth exposed to thermal stress have the potential to not only aid in identification but also in understanding the circumstances surrounding the fire. Previous investigations have drawn conclusions that if a fire flares up suddenly and intensively, the teeth burst and enamel is lost. If the blaze commences gently and burns slowly, then the first observable morphologic change is the colour. The teeth subsequently are difficult to handle, thus changes in teeth can indicate the history of exposure to thermal conditions. Children are twice as likely to become victims of house fire because of an inability to safely evacuate from areas of danger. The literature demonstrates, however, that research on the effects of incineration on teeth is mostly restricted to the permanent teeth. The apparent lack of knowledge on the effects of incineration on deciduous teeth thus necessitates further research in this area. This research project primarily aims at understanding the effect of extreme temperatures on deciduous teeth. It also aims to relate colour changes that occur post heating with fragility to aid in proper handling of samples in a forensic scenario and to determine the possibility of identifying incineration temperature based on tooth condition. The samples analysed composed of 90 deciduous teeth (45 molars and 45 anteriors) extracted as a part of clinical treatment were used for the study. The project involved exposing extracted deciduous teeth to temperatures ranging from 100°C to 1100°C for 30 minutes using a laboratory Gallenkamp oven. Unheated deciduous teeth were used as controls for the project. Post-incineration the teeth were then analysed under a stereomicroscope and SEM for morphological changes. A colorimetric analysis was also undertaken to evaluate the colour changes induced in the primary teeth due to the thermal stress. It was found that it was possible to identify the incineration temperature based on the tooth condition when the colour changes, stereomicroscopic findings and SEM images were utilised collectively. It was also concluded that the thermally induced changes observed in primary teeth occur at lower temperatures in comparison to the permanent teeth. It was also established that post-incineration deciduous teeth are fragile and show a tendency to fragment after minimal exposure to thermal stress as compared to the permanent teeth. Moreover enamel and dentin remained identifiable in primary teeth even after exposure to 1100°C for 30 minutes while cementum lost its structural morphology at 900°C.
Books on the topic "Teeth Dental Enamel"
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Sander, P. Martin. The microstructure of reptilian tooth enamel: Terminology, function, and phylogeny. F. Pfeil, 1999.
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Collins, E. Analysis of costs for the treatment of dental fluorosis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.
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Cardew, Gail, and Derek J. Chadwick. Dental Enamel. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.
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Leach, S. A. Factors Relating to Demineralization and Remineralization of the Teeth. Oxford University Press, USA, 1985.
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ed, Leach S. A., and Research Group on Surface and Colloid Phenomena in the Oral Cavity., eds. Factors relating to demineralisation and remineralisation of the teeth: Proceedings of a workshop 5-10 October, 1985 Antalya, Turkey. IRL, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Teeth Dental Enamel"
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Hanlin, Suzanne M., Lucy A. L. Burbridge, and Bernadette K. Drummond. "Restorative Management of Permanent Teeth Enamel Defects in Children and Adolescents." In Planning and Care for Children and Adolescents with Dental Enamel Defects. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44800-7_11.
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Drummond, Bernadette K., and Winifred Harding. "Examination and Treatment Planning for Hypomineralized and/or Hypoplastic Teeth." In Planning and Care for Children and Adolescents with Dental Enamel Defects. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44800-7_8.
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Crombie, Felicity, and David J. Manton. "Managing the Prevention of Dental Caries and Sensitivity in Teeth with Enamel Defects." In Planning and Care for Children and Adolescents with Dental Enamel Defects. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44800-7_9.
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Robinson, Max, Keith Hunter, Michael Pemberton, and Philip Sloan. "Diseases of the teeth and supporting structures." In Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199697786.003.0010.
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A wide variety of processes can affect the formation of teeth during development. The number, size, shape, and quality of dental hard tissue may be abnormal and teeth may erupt early or be prematurely shed or resorbed. When a child presents with a tooth abnormality, the clinical and radiographic features are often distinctive and management depends on diagnosis (Box 5.1). Broadly, developmental abnormalities of the teeth can be either genetically determined or acquired as a result of injurious processes affecting the developing teeth. It can be problematic to make a diagnosis, particularly when teeth initially erupt. Sometimes pathological examination of a shed or extracted tooth by ground sectioning (for enamel) or conventional sectioning of a decalcified tooth can provide a diagnosis. Research has provided insights into the genetic and structural basis of dental anomalies, and has resulted in a complex and extensive classification of subtypes. Minor abnormalities, such as failure of development of a few teeth or enamel erosion in adult life, may be dealt with in general dental practice, but it is advisable to refer younger patients with more complex or extensive dental abnormalities to a specialist in child dental health, with links to expert diagnostic facilities and input from orthodontic and restorative colleagues. The publically available Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides an invaluable resource for genetic disorders, including dental abnormalities. Supernumerary teeth are common and may be rudimentary in form or of normal morphology, when they are referred to as supplemental teeth. The most common supernumerary tooth occurs in the mid- line of the maxillary alveolus and is referred to as a mesiodens, which usually has a conical shape. Eruption of adjacent normal successor teeth may be impeded by a mesiodens, which is an indication for its removal. Most supernumerary teeth occur as a sporadic event in development, but multiple extra teeth can be found in certain developmental disorders. Failure of development of tooth germs results in teeth missing from the dental arch and is referred to as hypodontia. Most often the missing teeth are third molars, second premolars, and upper lateral incisors. Hypodontia is more common in the permanent dentition than in the primary teeth.
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Trinkaus, Erik, Alexandra P. Buzhilova, Maria B. Mednikova, and Maria V. Dobrovolskaya. "The Sunghir Dental and Alveolar Remains." In The People of Sunghir. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199381050.003.0012.
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Sunghir 1, 2, and 3 retain most of their maxillary and mandibular teeth, although those of Sunghir 1 are heavily worn and those of Sunghir 2 and especially Sunghir 3 were developing at the times of their deaths. As a result, the two immature individuals provide extensive data on their dental crown discrete morphology and crown metrics, but there are limited data on the third molars of Sunghir 2 and on the premolars and second molars of Sunghir 3 (and none on her third molars beyond their calcification stage; see chapter 6). In addition, although they retain none of their teeth, Sunghir 5 and especially 6 preserve alveolar bone, and they thereby provide limited dentoalveolar data. The Sunghir dentitions and alveoli thus have the potential to provide paleobiological data on their crown configurations, crown dimensions, some root lengths and configurations, in addition to wear patterns. The condition and salient aspects of each are provided first, followed by comparisons of their dimensions and shapes in a Late Pleistocene context. As noted in chapter 4, Sunghir 1 retains 31 of his original 32 teeth, and the one missing tooth, the left I2, was probably lost shortly before death. All of the teeth are heavily worn, thereby limiting morphological and morphometric observations principally to the M3s. But the other teeth provide considerable information regarding their wear patterns. The right I1 consists of worn dentin with a partial thin enamel ring around the labial margin of the crown. The dentin is occlusally flat to convex, the convexity produced mostly by a rounding of the lingual edge of the crown. There is a small area of secondary dentin exposed in the middle of the occlusal dentin. Note that the protruding nature of the tooth is a postmortem artifact, and it probably was originally at the same level as the left I1. There is no unusual wear in the mandibular incisors to match its procumbent state. The left I1 has similar wear, except that it retains more of the thin enamel ring around the lingual side and hence lacks the lingual rounding evident on the right one.
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Atkinson, Martin E. "Radiological anatomy of the oral cavity." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0040.
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The radiographs most frequently taken in general dental practice are of the teeth and their immidiate supporting tissues for detection of dental caries or assessment of bone loss in periodontal disease. Intraoral radiographs are taken by placing the X-ray-sensitive film or receptor in the mouth close to the teeth being investigated. Extraoral radiographs use larger films or receptors positioned externally and produce a view of the entire dentition and its supporting structures on a single film; they are used to ascertain the state of development of the dentitions prior to orthodontic treatment, for example. Dental panoramic tomographs (DPTs) are the most frequent extraoral radiographs. A radiograph is a negative photographic record. Dense structures such as bone are designated as radio-opaque; they absorb some X-rays and appear white on radiographs. More X-rays pass through less dense radiolucent structures such as air-filled cavities which show up as black areas. The contrast between different tissues of the structures which the X-ray beam passes through is determined by their radiodensity which, in turn, is largely due to their content of metallic elements. Calcium and iron are the prevalent heavy metals in the body. Calcium is combined with phosphate to form hydroxyapatite crystals in bones and mineralized tissues in teeth. Iron is present in haemoglobin in blood, but only large concentrations of blood, such as those found within the heart chambers, show up on X-rays. In sequence from densest to most lucent, the radiodensity of the dental and periodontal tissues are: enamel, dentine, cementum, compact bone, cancellous bone, demineralized carious enamel and dentine, dental soft tissues such as pulp and periodontal ligament, and air; gold and silver–mercury amalgam metallic restorative materials are even denser than enamel. A radiograph is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional situation. The orientation of anatomical structures relative to the X-ray beam is a major factor determining their appearance on the film. For example, a beam travelling through the long axis of a radiodense structure will produce a whiter image on the film than one passing through its shorter axis because more X-rays are absorbed; the structure will also have a different shape.
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Lee, Eui-Seok, Puneet Wadhwa, Min-Keun Kim, Heng Bo Jiang, In-Woong Um, and Yu-Mi Kim. "Organic Matrix of Enamel and Dentin and Developmental Defects." In Human Teeth – Structure and Composition of Dental Hard Tissues and Developmental Dental Defects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99542.
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The anatomical crown of the tooth is covered by enamel and root is covered by cementum. The dentin forms the major part of the tooth. The dentin structure is very similar to that of the bone both physically and chemically which is why many scientists have wondered about using its properties for developing a novel bone graft material. In contrast with hard and brittle enamel dentin is viscoelastic. The organic structure of dentin which is about 35% is composed of mainly type I collagen embedded in mucopolysaccharides ground substance. Approximately half of the non-collagenous composition consists of hyperphosphorylated proteins. The acidic glycoproteins, Gla-proteins, serum proteins, proteoglycans etc. composes the remaining part. The dentin matrix consists of many similar proteins as that of bone like dentin phosphoprotein, dentin sialoprotein etc.. The matrix also consists of many growth factors. Any external disturbance like an infection, trauma, calcium or phosphorous metabolic changes can lead to defective amelogenesis. Mutational changes can lead to defect in dentin. An early diagnosis can result in a satisfactory treatment plan contributing to functional and esthetical compensation.
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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Fluoride and fi ssure sealants." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0018.
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Fluoride has made an enormous contribution to declines in dental caries (Kidd 2005; Murray and Naylor 1996). Fissure sealants are a proven preventive agent. This chapter provides a brief overview of the history of fluoride and presents a brief synopsis of the mode of action, method of delivery, safety, and controversies in the use of fluoride. A public health perspective on fissure sealants will also be presented. An account of the history of fluoride can be found in Kidd (2005) and Murray et al. (2003) and is summarized in this section (see Box 12.1 for key dates). In 1901, Frederick McKay, a dentist in Colorado Springs, USA, noticed that many of his patients, who had spent all their lives in the area, had a distinctive stain on their teeth known locally as ‘Colorado stain’. McKay was puzzled and called in the assistance of a dental researcher G.V. Black. They found that other communities in the USA had the characteristic mottling. Their histological examination of affected teeth showed that the enamel was imperfectly calcified, but that decay in the mottled teeth was no higher than in normal teeth. McKay suspected that something in the water supply was producing the brown stain, and more evidence came from Bauxite, a community formed to house workers of a subsidiary of the Aluminium Company of America (ALCOA). A local dentist noticed that children in Bauxite had mottled teeth, whereas children in nearby Benton did not. McKay investigated the problem but was unable to find a cause for the staining when the water supply was tested. In 1933, Mr H.V. Churchill, Chief Chemist for ALCOA (anxious that aluminium would not be blamed for the mottling), analysed the water and found that the fluoride ion concentration in the water supply of the Bauxite community was abnormally high (13.7 ppm). He tested other communities affected by mottling which had been previously identified by McKay and found that they too had high levels of fluoride present in the water supplies.
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Alexandersen, Verner, and Niels Lynnerup. "Dental Modifications of Anterior Teeth in the Danish Viking Age." In A World View of Bioculturally Modified Teeth. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813054834.003.0006.
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Inspired by previous finds of filed, likely ornamental grooves on upper incisors of Swedish and Danish male Vikings, a Viking sample from Denmark (ca. AD 800–1050) was studied (M=69, F=45, 90=?). We found evidence of modifications that could be distinguished from normal wear and linear enamel hypoplasia. In 24 individuals single or multiple filed horizontal grooves occurred on labial surfaces of the central upper incisors and some lateral incisors (22/159 or 13.8 percent). All grooves were inconspicuous and shallow, and other unrelated worn labial facets were found. This occurrence is unlike the grooves in male Swedish Vikings. The variation observed, as well as experiments with iron files and whetstones, leads us to suggest that the Danish Viking grooves could be made intentionally but more often developed as a result of task activities.
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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Sugars and caries prevention." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0017.
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Dental caries remains the single most important oral condition treated by the dental profession on a daily basis. From a public health perspective, the prevention of caries is still therefore a major challenge. As outlined in Chapter 4 , before effective prevention can be delivered the cause of the condition needs to be fully understood. In addition, the disease process should be clear. This chapter will review the evidence on the aetiology of dental caries and present an overview of preventive measures that can be adopted at an individual clinical level, as well as community wide. Dental caries occurs because of demineralization of enamel and dentine structure by organic acids formed by oral bacteria present in dental plaque through the anaerobic metabolism of dietary sugars. The caries process is influenced by the susceptibility of the tooth surface, the bacterial profile, the quantity and quality of saliva, and the presence of fluoride which promotes remineralization and inhibits the demineralization of the tooth structure. Caries is a dynamic process involving alternating periods of demineralization and remineralization. However, the majority of lesions in permanent teeth advance relatively slowly, with an average lesion taking at least 3 years to progress through enamel to dentine (Mejare et al. 1998). In populations with low DMF/dmf levels, the majority of carious lesions are confined to the occlusal surfaces of the molar teeth. At higher DMF/dmf levels, smooth surfaces may also be affected by caries (Sheiham and Sabbah 2010). Many different terms have been used to name and classify sugars. This has caused a degree of confusion amongst both the general public and health professionals. In recognition of this, an expert UK government committee—Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA)—has recommended a revised naming system, which has now become the standard classification of sugars in the UK (Department of Health 1989). The COMA classification is based upon where the sugar molecules are located within the food or drink structure. Intrinsic sugars are found inside the cell structure of certain unprocessed foodstuffs, the most important being whole fruits and vegetables (containing mainly fructose, glucose, and sucrose).
Conference papers on the topic "Teeth Dental Enamel"
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Chun, Keyoung Jin, Hyun Ho Choi, and Jong Yeop Lee. "A Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Tooth Reconstruction Materials." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63106.
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Tooth reconstruction materials are used to reconstruct damaged teeth as well as to recover their functions. In this study, the mechanical properties of various tooth reconstruction materials were determined using test specimens of identical shape and dimension under the same compressive test condition; the hardness values of them were obtained from previous studies and compared with those of enamel and dentin. Amalgam, dental ceramic, dental gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia and titanium were processed as tooth reconstruction material specimens. For each material, 10 specimens having a of 3.0 × 1.2 × 1.2 mm (length × width × height) were used. The stresses, strains, and elastic moduli of amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy were obtained from the compressive test. The hardness values of amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy were obtained from the references [14–19]. And, the stresses, strains, elastic moduli, and the hardness values of enamel and dentin were obtained from the reference [13]. The mechanical role of enamel is to crush food and protect dentin because of its higher wear resistance, and that of dentin is to absorb bite forces because of its higher force resistance. Therefore, the hardness value should be prioritized for enamel replacement materials, and mechanical properties should be prioritized for dentin replacement materials. Therefore, zirconia and titanium alloy were considered suitable tooth reconstruction materials for replacing enamel, and gold alloy, zirconia, and titanium alloy were considered suitable tooth reconstruction materials for replacing dentin. However, owing to the excessive mechanical properties and hardness values of zirconia and titanium alloy, these may show poor biocompatibility with natural teeth. Thus far, no tooth reconstruction material satisfies the requirements of having both a hardness value similar to that of enamel and mechanical properties similar to those of dentin.
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Chun, K. J., C. Y. Kim, and J. Y. Lee. "A Study on Mechanical Behavior of Dental Hard Tissues and Dental Restorative Materials by Three-Point Bending Test." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36645.
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Dental restorative materials including amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy are used to reconstruct damaged teeth, as well as to recover their function. In this study, the mechanical properties of various dental restorative materials were determined using test specimens of identical shape and dimension under the same three-point bending test condition, and the test results were compared to enamel and dentin. The maximum bending force of enamel and dentin was 6.9 ± 2.1 N and 39.7 ± 8.3 N, and the maximum bending deflection was 0.12 ± 0.02 mm and 0.25 ± 0.03 mm, respectively. The maximum bending force of amalgam, dental ceramic, gold alloy, dental resin, zirconia, and titanium alloy were 1.9 ± 0.4 N, 2.7 ± 0.6 N, 66.9 ± 4.1 N, 2.7 ± 0.3 N, 19.0 ± 2.0 N, and 121.3 ± 6.8 N, respectively, and the maximum bending deflection was 0.20 ± 0.08 mm, 0.28 ± 0.07 mm, 2.53 ± 0.12 mm, 0.37 ± 0.05 mm, 0.39 ± 0.05 m, and 2.80 ± 0.08 mm, respectively. The dental restorative materials that possessed greater maximum bending force than that of enamel were gold alloy, zirconia, and titanium alloy. Gold alloy and titanium alloy had greater maximum bending force than dentin. The dental restorative materials that possessed greater maximum bending deflection than that of enamel were all of the dental restorative materials, and the dental restorative materials that possessed greater maximum bending deflection than that of dentin were all of the dental restorative materials except amalgam. The appropriate dental restorative materials for enamel are gold alloy and zirconia and for dentin is gold alloy concerning the maximum bending force and the maximum bending deflection. These results are expected to aid dentists in their choice of better clinical treatment and to contribute to the development of dental restorative materials that possess properties that are most similar to the mechanical properties of dental hard tissue.
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Chun, Keyoung Jin, Hyun Ho Choi, and Jong Yeop Lee. "A Study of the Mechanical Role of Enamel and Dentin in Human Teeth." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86831.
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The dental hard tissues of a tooth are combined of enamel and dentin together. The enamel protects the dentin and comes in direct contact with food during mastication. Bite force is expressed as compression force. The purpose of this study is to identify the primary roles of enamel and dentin during mastication by analyzing their mechanical properties and hardness. Healthy human teeth (age: 19.3 ± 4.1) were used as specimens for mechanical tests. The teeth, which underwent epoxy resin molding, were machine cut to make 10 enamel specimens, 10 dentin specimens and 10 enamel–dentin composite (ED) specimens of 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm × 3.0 mm (Width × Height × Length) in size. Compression tests were conducted using a micro-load system at 0.1 mm/min test speed. Teeth surface hardness (HV) was measured by a Vickers diamond indenter with a 300g indentation load. Data were obtained from 4 points on each enamel specimen and 4 points on each dentin specimen. The strain (%), stress (MPa) and modulus of elasticity (E, MPa) of the specimens were obtained from compression tests. The MAX. strain of the enamel, dentin and ED specimens were 4.5 ± 0.8 %, 11.9 ± 0.1 % and 8.7 ± 2.7 %, respectively. The MAX. stress of the enamel, dentin and ED specimens were 62.2 ± 23.8 MPa, 193.7 ± 30.6 MPa and 126.1 ± 54.6 MPa, respectively. The E values of the enamel, dentin and ED specimens were 1338.2 ± 307.9 MPa, 1653.7 ± 277.9 MPa and 1628.6 ± 482.7 MPa, respectively. The E of the dentin specimens was the highest and the E of the enamel specimens was the lowest, but the E values of all specimens was not significantly different in the T-test (P > 0.1). The measured hardness value of the enamel specimens (HV = 274.8 ± 18.1) was about 4.2 times higher than that of the dentin specimens (HV = 65.6 ± 3.9). Because of the values of MAX. stress and MAX. strain of the enamel specimens, the enamel specimens tended to fracture earlier than the dentin and ED specimens; therefore, enamel was considered to be more brittle than dentin and ED. Enamel is a harder tissue than dentin based on their measured hardness values. Therefore, enamel has a higher wear resistance, making it suitable for grinding and crushing, whereas dentin has a higher force function, making it suitable for abutment against bite force.
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Dwyer-Joyce, R. S., R. Lewis, and M. Goodman. "Ultrasound as a Tool to Measure the Wear of Human Tooth Enamel." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63499.
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A reliable tool for assessing the extent of human enamel wear would be useful to dental practitioners. Current in-vivo methods for determining tooth wear are largely qualitative in nature or depend on measurements taken from tooth impressions, which is very time consuming. The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasound to measure enamel thickness with a view to developing an in-vivo tool for enamel wear assessment. Three different ultrasonic techniques were used in-vitro to take measurements of enamel on extracted teeth. The first used a focusing immersion transducer (25 MHz) and a time of flight approach to obtain enamel thickness. The other two techniques used planar contact probes (10 MHz), the first with a time of flight approach and the second with a resonance method to determine enamel thickness. The results were compared with direct measurements of sectioned teeth. All three methods showed good correlation with these measurements. The contact probe technique was the easiest measurement to carry out, which would also be the simplest to implement in a measurement tool. While the resonance measurements obtained were good, the time of flight approach was thought to be most likely to obtain accurate repeatable measurements.
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Keller, Ulrich, and Raimund Hibst. "Ultrastructural changes of enamel and dentin following Er:YAG laser radiation on teeth." In OE/LASE '90, 14-19 Jan., Los Angeles, CA, edited by Stephen N. Joffe and Kazuhiko Atsumi. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.17486.
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Santos, A. F., M. Polido, A. P. Serro, and C. G. Figueiredo-Pina. "COMPARATIVE TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF TWO PROSTHETIC DENTAL MATERIALS: ZIRCONIA AND VITA ENAMIC." In BALTTRIB. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2017.29.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the tribological behaviour of two commercial prosthetic materials – Zirconia and a polymer infiltrated ceramic (PIC) commercially known as VITA ENAMIC – when tested against human molars/premolars. Samples of both materials were prepared and their hardness, wettability and topography were characterised. Antagonist teeth samples were prepared by cutting human molars/premolars to obtain isolated cusps. A wear test was performed during 306,000 chewing cycles, corresponding to 1.5 year of mastication, using a simulator with artificial saliva as lubricant. The wear mechanisms were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the dental wear loss was determined by volume calculation using 3D scans of the cusps, and the prosthetic material loss by 2D profilometry analysis. Contrarily to VITA, no wear was found in Zirconia. No correlation was found between dental wear and the used counter-face, showing that dental wear is not influenced by the counter-face hardness when opposing surfaces with similar roughness are used.
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Leu, Ming C., and Amit Gawate. "Computer Aided Design of Implant Based Dental Restorations." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59241.
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Implant based dental restorations have many advantages over standard removable dentures because using implants can prevent the loss of jawbones, help restore facial features, and enable the patients to get firm bites. A critical step in this kind of restorations is the fabrication of the dental bar on which the denture sits. A dental bar is patient-specific because each patient’s jawbone is unique and the device needs to be conforming to the patient’s gingival surface. The design of a dental bar is crucial to the success of dental restorations. Traditionally, designing a dental bar is a lengthy and laborious process and requires high levels of craftsmanship. There have been attempts to develop CAD/CAM systems towards automating design and fabrication of dental restorations. However, currently available commercial CAD/CAM systems are only capable of making crowns, bridges, copings, onlays and veneers, and they are not capable of making dental restorations involving multiple teeth. The present paper describes a method for computer aided design of a dental bar used in implant based dental restorations. The method starts with a set of digital scan data representing the patient’s gingival surface and generates a CAD model of a dental bar that is ready for fabrication of a physical dental bar.