Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tegucigalpa (Honduras)'

Dans cette étude, nous allons établir une comparaison diachronique de la ville de Tegucigalpa, capitale du honduras et les transformations urbaines qui se mènent à bien à partir de deux moments politiques et historiques : la réforme libérale du xixème siècle et la période néo-libérale de la fin du xxème siècle. pour cela, nous allons nous appuyer sur deux axes principaux : la reconstitution de discours des administrations libérales et néo-libérales, de manière que cela nous permette d'établir les similitudes entre les deux discours aussi bien que les différences. le deuxième axe sera constitué par l'analyse des résultats matériels de tous les deux discours dans le paysage urbain. comment vivent les habitants de la ville ces deux politiques de modernisation ? l'aspiration à la modernité de la part des autorités, traduite en politique urbaine, est-elle souhaitée ou subie par les tegucigalpais ? répondre à ces questions constituera notre problématique de recherche, autour de laquelle on articulera les facteurs politiques, sociaux, économiques et urbains qui conditionnent la modernisation de tegucigalpa
In this study, we will establish a diachronic comparison of the city of Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, and the urban transformations that took place in two political and historical moments: the liberal reform of the Nineteenth century and the neo-liberal period of the end of the Twentieth century. For that, we will rely on two main axes: the reconstitution of discourses of the liberal and neo-liberal administrations, so that it allows us to establish the similarities between the two speeches as well as the differences. The second axis will be the analysis of the material results of both speeches in the urban landscape. How do the inhabitants Tegucigalpa live these two modernization policies? Is the ideal of modernity on behalf of the authorities, desired or suffered by its inhabitants? Answering these questions will constitute our research problem, around which we will articulate the political, social, economic and urban factors that condition the modernization of Tegucigalpa

The possible effects of pipe materials on drinking water quality have been analyzed in the distribution system of the water treatment plant of "La La Concepciónâ " in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. "La La Concepciónâ " is a surface water reservoir experiencing biogeochemical cycling of manganese. Black water problems have been reported in the distribution system since 1998. An evaluation of the potential influence that PVC and iron pipes could have on the concentration of iron and manganese in drinking water, the effects caused by the presence of manganese in PVC and iron pipe surfaces, and residual chlorine and Pb concentrations in the distribution system was performed. The sampled neighborhoods received an intermittent service. Water was suspended for 8 hours every day due to water quantity problems in the city. Water and pipe samples were obtained for PVC and galvanized iron pipes because these constitute the majority of the infrastructure used for distribution systems in Honduras. Thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for possible manganese oxidation by chlorine and dissolved oxygen in the distribution system were also evaluated. As expected, total Fe concentrations were greater for first flush conditions from the iron pipe. Water samples obtained from the PVC pipe showed higher total Mn concentrations and more black color than those obtained from the iron pipe for both first flush and continuous flow conditions. Residual chlorine decayed relatively fast along the sampled section of the distribution system. Pb concentrations were detected on water samples obtained from PVC for first flush and continuous flow and on iron pipe for first flush. Preliminary experiments showed that manganese-oxidizing and -reducing bacteria were present in the walls of both PVC and iron pipes. Higher numbers of colony-forming microorganisms were recovered from iron (30-fold more) compared to PVC pipe sections. However, the majority of isolates from the PVC biofilm (8 of 10, 80 %) were capable of Mn-oxidation while only 35 % (11 of 31) of isolates from the iron biofilm sample demonstrated Mn-oxidation. This research demonstrates the importance of the different interactions between water and the infrastructure used for its supply in producing safe drinking water.
Master of Science

Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, has experienced an unsatisfied water demand during the last three decades. The state owned water utility in charge of the water supply of the country, SANAA, has faced this deficit by providing an intermittent water supply. The intermittent water supply has increased the gap between the rich and the poor, who cannot afford water storage facilities. Theories explain water scarcity either by low precipitation or by lack of investment in water structures. This thesis investigates the applicability of both explanations by quantifying the annual precipitation in the sub catchments with water supply potential for Tegucigalpa, and identifying the problems which caused the lack of investment into the water infrastructure. The analysis concluded that even if the annual precipitation is abundant, it is not evenly distributed in time and in space. Furthermore, it is argued that the financial limitations which hindered the lack of investment in water structures originated in the low tariffs imposed, and to the practices of the patronage system.
QC 20111207

There is a need to counteract economic injustice in the world. As an architect, as a creator, it is my responsibility to make the world a better place. I want to help people to help themselves by concentrating their efforts in a constructive way. I desire to create a prototypical solution for a village in an area with high unemployment and desperate poverty as a means to give work to people and to serve as an example for other groups of people wanting to do the same. The site I've chosen to illustrate this concept of self-help housing is a 300 x 500 meter plateau in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Master of Architecture

This study investigated leadership emergence and growth from the perspective of a purposeful criterion sample of Evangelical pastors in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Their description of their stories regarding how they emerged as leaders and how they grew as leaders was the primary source of data acquired through semi-structured interviews.

There is a need for greater clarify regarding the processes by which a person emerges and comes to embody the virtues and attributes needed for leadership. Leadership is culturally contingent, but there is a lack of specificity in understanding how the Latin American culture influences leadership emergence and growth.

Three research questions guided this study: (1) How do Evangelical pastors describe how they emerged as leaders?; (2) How do Evangelical pastors describe how they grew as leaders?; (3) What Latin American cultural elements can be observed in the Evangelical pastors' descriptions of how they emerged and grew as leaders?

The literature discussed caudillismo, a prototype of leadership in Latin America, which includes elements of high-power distance, machismo, and paternalism.

Using snowball sampling, twenty-five pastors were chosen and the interview data revealed twelve processes by which these pastors emerged as leaders. For instance, the accompaniment of others was key as was having firsthand experiences in ministry, which moved them to compassionate, on-going action. They emerged because someone saw something in them, named it and opened up spaces (opportunities) for "acts of leadership." Contrary to expectations, training played almost no role in emergence but did in leadership growth.

Seven processes were identified that promoted their growth, like being self-taught, sharing interdenominationally, and keeping an open mind. Six cultural dimensions were observed as having a direct influence (both positive and negative) on leadership emergence and growth: (1) High tolerance for uncertainty; (2) Diffuse culture; (3) Image of limited good; (4) Caudillismo; (5) Ascribed status; (6) Self-effacing (modesty).

This study meets the need for academic inquiry on leadership in Latin America, in Spanish, in the hope that it stimulates Latin Americans to analyze their own leadership, and informs expatriates who serve Latin Americans how to better participate with God in helping leaders emerge and grow.

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A pesquisa é estruturada a partir da dimensão social do espaço na qual a apropriação dos espaços públicos pode ser um dos elementos para construir e fortalecer o respeito à diversidade de uma sociedade. O interesse da pesquisa é compreender e explicar os diferentes tipos de apropriação que acontecem na Plaza Central de Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Para alcançar esse objetivo, parte-se da análise da construção de significados ligados ao espaço ao longo da história até a atualidade, analisando-lhes sob os parâmetros de apropriação de Enric Pol, especificamente adotando como referência metodológica seu modelo dual de apropriação do espaço. Nesse, o espaço público é carregado historicamente de valores simbólicos políticos e sociais formados pelas transformações e experiências nele desenvolvidas; expressos em marcas espaciais deixadas por gestores e usuários, que permitem o reconhecimento de seu papel representativo da identidade local da sociedade. Na Plaza Central de Tegucigalpa esta ação de apropriação, tem tido uma intenção elitista e excludente por parte dos gestores do espaço público reconhecível na apropriação excludente dos espaços públicos por parte dos grupos sociais tradicionalmente marginalizados; condição que tem dificultado a construção de diversos e heterogêneos laços sociais impulsionado segregação e pouca democracia na vida social da cidade. Em conjunto, evidencia a transformação dos espaços públicos patrimoniais de Tegucigalpa para o uso e conforto urbano exclusivo de certos grupos e a exclusão de outros. A pesquisa adota método de abordagem qualitativo, envolvendo procedimentos de pesquisa histórica e estudo de caso com a finalidade de verificar se a Plaza Central de Tegucigalpa cumpre com seu papel de diversidade e patrimonial. Palavras-chave: Espaço público. Apropriação. Diversidade. Patrimonio.

The primary purpose of this research was to compare quantifiable structural asymmetry to changes visualized in center of pressure (CoP) and/or postural sway by the use of an Isobalance forceplate in order to introduce principles of osteopathic medicine to a Latin America culture. Osteopathic manual medicine (OMM) was used to correct structural dysfunction found in the study participants at the Baxter Institute in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Study participants were students and staff members ranging in age from 18 to 35 and consisting of 24 males and two females. The examination period lasted a total of five weeks. During weeks one, three, and five, baseline measurements were taken prior to manipulation using .05 alpha to test significance. Measurements were repeated post OMM. An educational video was provided during each session. Pretest and posttest results demonstrated an improvement in understanding of OMM materials provided to participants. A bivariable chi-square test found that, when manipulated, those with sacrum dysfunction have an association with a positive improvement in postural sway (TIC 1 & 2) (p<.05). Also, the multivariable logistic regression model found that individuals who had no initial change in postural sway (TIC 1 & 2) were more likely to move to a positive improvement of time in the center of the premeasured diameter calculated by the Isobalance forceplate, than a decrease in time spent in the center (i.e. negative improvement) throughout the time of the study (p<.05).
Ph. D.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The following research was carried out in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, specifically at high school level in public schools. The objective of this research is to know, through surveys, the teachers´ and students’ perceptions, about the use of songs in English teaching. This research is divided into three chapters the first called educational stage of Honduras, in which the its describe the location of the Central American country, as well as a brief description of the economic and social situation of the country. In addition, it describes how the education system in Honduras is organized based on the National Basic Curriculum (CNB), also defines the purpose of each educational level, with an emphasis on the high school level. The second chapter is about the English teaching methodology, and the relevance in Honduras. It also explains the proper use of English songs to increase the four basic skills of a language (listening, speaking, reading and writing). The third and final chapter shows the data analysis about the surveys applied in high school level to teachers and students. At the end of the third chapter it is suggested a didactic proposal based on the songs mentioned by teachers and students.
La presente investigación fue realizada en Tegucigalpa, Honduras, específicamente en el nivel de educación media en cinco colegios públicos de dicha ciudad. El objetivo de esta investigación es dar a conocer, por medio de encuestas, la percepción de los profesores y estudiantes, sobre el uso de canciones como herramienta pedagógica en la enseñanza del idioma inglés. Esta investigación se divide en tres capítulos el primero llamado escenario educacional de Honduras, en la cual se dará a conocer la ubicación del país centroamericano, y también una breve descripción de la situación económica y social que enfrenta el país en la actualidad. Además, se describe como está organizado el sistema de educación en Honduras basándose en el Currículo Nacional Básico (CNB), e igualmente se define la finalidad de cada nivel educativo, haciendo énfasis en el nivel medio. El segundo capítulo se destaca la metodología de enseñanza del idioma inglés, y su importancia en el país. Asimismo, se expone el uso de canciones para acrecentar las cuatro habilidades básicas de lenguaje (escuchar, hablar, leer y escribir). El tercer y último capítulo es un análisis de datos sobre las encuestas aplicadas a los profesores y estudiantes del nivel medio de educación. Al final de este capítulo se muestra una propuesta didáctica basada en canciones mencionadas por los profesores y estudiantes que participaron en las encuestas.

La promoción del desarrollo humano sostenible como utopía en la gestión del bienestar de la población es un paradigma que busca el equilibrio entre el crecimiento económico para mejorar las condiciones de vida de los habitantes preservando y recuperando el medio y sus ecosistemas. Esta memoria de tesis pretende aportar al análisis de las causas y efectos de la gestión integrada de recursos hídricos en Honduras, con énfasis en el Caso de la ciudad de Tegucigalpa y su aporte al desarrollo humano sostenible a través de estructuras sociales e institucionales de gestión. Las obras de los economistas North, Sen y Ostrom, premios nobeles de economía 1993, 1998 y 2009 marcan la lectura de la situación de agua y desarrollo sostenible a través del concepto aplicado de GIRH en el caso de la ciudad de Tegucigalpa y la multidimensional hacia la justicia, libertad, gobernanza a través de colectivos empoderados. La problemática en el acceso de calidad y cantidad de agua para uso en Honduras se aborda en cada capítulo con la visión integral del problema de gestión integral del agua en la ciudad de Tegucigalpa, donde hace más de treinta años hay problemas de abastecimiento. Para centrarse en el análisis de aguas urbanas y el caso de Tegucigalpa, hace falta hablar que los temas relacionados con el recurso hídrico del ámbito urbano frecuentemente se mantienen desconectados de procesos más amplios de la planificación urbana y de la gestión en el ámbito de la cuenca. Los planes maestros urbanos no han logrado manejar satisfactoriamente los diversos componentes infraestructurales de la gestión de las aguas urbanas (suministro de agua, aguas residuales, saneamiento seco, sistemas de drenaje del agua pluvial y tratamiento de desechos sólidos). Más aún, si bien el suministro de agua, el saneamiento y la planificación de asentamientos urbanos podrían ser incorporados dentro de los planes de gestión para toda la cuenca, estos planes descuidan el reconocimiento de la interdependencia entre el agua dulce, el agua residual, el control de inundaciones y el agua pluvial. El objetivo general de esta Memoria de tesis es hacer una contribución al desarrollo humano sostenible de Honduras a través del análisis y discusión académica de la gestión integral de aguas urbanas de la ciudad de Tegucigalpa. Para ello, se analiza el vínculo entre los postulados teóricos del desarrollo humano y desarrollo institucional hacia la implementación del concepto aplicado de gestión integral del recurso hídrico en la ciudad de Tegucigalpa. Se describe la situación actual de los servicios de agua potable y saneamiento a través de la mirada del paradigma de gestión integral de aguas urbanas. Se identifican las intervenciones necesarias y su viabilidad técnico ambiental, social, financiera que contribuya a una mejor gobernanza de la gestión del agua de la ciudad de Tegucigalpa y por último, se hacer un análisis prospectivo de escenarios del impacto de las inversiones en la implementación de la Gestión Integral de recursos hídricos (GIRH) en los servicios básicos de Agua Potable y Saneamiento, y el impacto que provocaría en el desarrollo humano sostenible de la ciudad. En Honduras, las múltiples carencias de acceso a bienestar de carácter urgente ponen al ámbito pragmático y ejecutor antes que la reflexión epistemológica de un campo del conocimiento, siendo necesario abrir brechas a nuevas formas de interrelación entre lo académico y lo práctico. El abastecimiento de agua potable inmediatamente mejora la salud de las personas y les ahorra tiempo, que ellos pueden emplear para estudiar o mejorar sus medios de vida para que puedan ganar más, alimentarse más nutritivamente, disfrutar de una vida más saludable y contribuir a la economía local (y nacional). Además, un mejor servicio de saneamiento protege a los pobres de entornos sociales y físicos degradantes, de riesgos para la salud y de la exposición a condiciones ambientales peligrosas. Las condiciones de vulnerabilidad y riesgo al acceso a agua potable y saneamiento en la ciudad de Tegucigalpa hacen de la ciudad un centro urbano con limitaciones en su libertad hacia el crecimiento económico, desarrollo humano y acceso a justicia social. Se identificaron esfuerzos por medir la cantidad de agua en alta y su modelación natural, en evento extremos, en escenarios de sequía y otros. El limitado acceso a agua potable y la permanente situación de carencia de un servicio de calidad afecta a toda de la población. La situación de racionamiento es permanente, a quienes tienen acceso a la red, donde a pesar de contar con redes de distribución estas permanecen sin funcionamiento. La racionalidad del servicio ha generado una cultura de la gestión de la escasez haciendo inversiones de depósitos de diversos materiales y cisternas subterráneas en la escala domiciliar. El costo por acceso al agua potable es una condicionante para la deteriorada condición de vida de alrededor de más de medio millón de habitantes. La limitación de acceso a agua potable es un catalizador de una latente situación de conflicto en las comunidades donde la intermitencia del servicio es un asunto permanente que tiene implicaciones del uso de otros recursos y asignación permanente a la gestión individual, principalmente responsabilizando principalmente a la mujer. La construcción de obras civiles es una de las principales inversiones que deben ejecutarse para la promoción de una gestión del agua que promueve el desarrollo humano, favorece la cooperación de individuos y colectivo en un entorno favorable, fuera del escenario critico de escasez, sino en uno cooperador. Las inversiones en agua potable y saneamiento habilitan el territorio para la inversión a través de la generación de confianza y reducción de la incertidumbre como un elemento disonante para la generación de ideas. Las garantías jurídicas, claridad de seguridad jurídica y el acceso al recurso de forma abierta generan espacios para la creación de bienestar económico y con ello ingresos al Estado, como garante distribuidor (Melgarejo & Molina, 2017).

Since the 1800's, technological advances have extended the foundation on which telemedicine could build. With its evolution, telemedicine has proven to be a means of offering effective health care interventions, from a multitude of disciplines. Teledermatology, a specialty application of telemedicine, offers great potential in improving the standard of dermatologic care by bridging the gap between the expert opinion of dermatologists and those without access to basic dermatologic care, particularly in developing nations, where skin disease continues to be a major public health problem. In Honduras, the setting for this study, and other developing nations, technology to support telemedicine is available. Dermatologic disease is among the most common disease presentations in the developing world, which left untreated due to a lack of access to adequate medical care, can progress causing increased morbidity or even death. A potential but untested solution is teledermatology. Teledermatology offers great potential in improving the standard of dermatologic care by bridging the gap between the expert opinion of dermatologists and those without access to basic dermatologic care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and types of dermatologic conditions and the feasibility of a store-and-forward teledermatology system in an underserved area of Honduras, so as to potentially provide more timely diagnosis and treatment, implementation of preventative measures, and offer long term solutions.so as The justification and significance of this study was the potential of store-and-forward teledermatology to improve the standard of dermatologic care by improving access of populations in underserved areas to dermatology specialists through affordable technology. The methodology of this study was primarily case study descriptive. This study was conducted at a public primary care clinic (JMA Clinic) and satellite sites in underserved areas of Francisco Morazán, Honduras. During a four week period in Spring 2011, patients with dermatologic conditions were examined and photos taken of condition. The patient information was sent to 3 U.S. board certified dermatologists, who provided diagnosis and treatment within 24 hours, which allowed the clinic physician sufficient time to review recommendations before patient follow-up. Patients would receive follow-up within 48 hours of initial visit. Diagnostic agreement, image quality, and user satisfaction were evaluated. IRB forms were submitted and clearance given. The data was analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics. The primary findings were the types of dermatologic conditions, interobserver agreement, image quality, and patient and physician satisfaction. The findings of this study substantiate the need for dermatologic care, as approximately 1 out of every 5 patients of the JMA Clinic presented with a dermatologic condition. The majority of these patients were children or women in their late 20s and early 30s; many of whom had their condition for more than a year and most had not received prior therapy. The types of dermatologic conditions observed were typical of that seen at a dermatology clinic in the U.S., yet inclusive of tropical and regional differences. Dermatitis, infectious and pigmentary conditions were the most common presentations. The interobserver diagnostic agreement achieved was 78%, and improved when considering differential diagnoses. Image quality received high ratings. Patients and physicians recorded a high level of overall satisfaction. Physicians indicated improved knowledge of teledermatology. Because of the unique environment and circumstances, the results are limited to the setting in which the study occurs. This project was a pilot study limited to 4 weeks of data collection and will be limited in significance by its duration and small sample size with respect to the conclusions that can be drawn about the prevalence and types of dermatologic conditions. This study illustrates that teledermatology is a viable means of providing dermatologic care to those in an underserved area of Honduras, where a lack of or limited access to general healthcare or specialty dermatologic care exists. The data offers insights to draw conclusions and recommendations on the potential for similar models to be implemented in underserved areas throughout Honduras and other similar regions.
Ph. D.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of known risk factors associated with diabetes among James Moody Adams (JMA) clinic patients in order to develop and test educational material and clinical interventions to reduce the incidence of pre-diabetes and uncontrolled Type II Diabetes. The research objectives for this study focused on: 1. prevalence of Type II Diabetic patients at the Clinic; 2. pre- and post-test knowledge level of patients regarding their Type II Diabetes; 3. relationship between dependent variables (body mass index [BMI], blood glucose level, blood pressure, waist circumference, level of tobacco use, and level of depression) and the independent variables (age, gender, family history of diabetes, socio-demographical data [education level, level of income], literacy, and exercise regimen, medication, and diabetes knowledge); 4. effectiveness of a nutritional and lifestyle modification intervention program to control Type II Diabetes. Two hypotheses tests: 1. decrease blood glucose levels of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients; 2. decrease weight by 5 percent among pre-diabetic and Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients. A follow-up survey determined participantâ s reflection on key dimensions of the study and impact of unforeseen political unrest that occurred during this study. The methodology was a case study with clinical and educational intervention across a 6 months. The population included patients presenting at the JMA clinic at onset of the study; an initial sample of 96 reduced to 48 due in part to political unrest was still within power test specification. Instrumentation include researcher developed, standard of care clinical practice and standardized forms. Analyses utilized descriptive statistics and t-test. Significant gain was determined for diabetic knowledge (p < 0.001); and significant decrease in Type II Diabetic blood glucose with p = 0.031. An important conclusion is that implementing a Type II Diabetic prevention program is feasible and effective in this study. Future recommendations include replication of the study and implementation of protocols and education that were successful in this study.
Ph. D.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 52-57.
by Manuel Amaya Orellana.
M.C.P.

Según fichero complementario.
Tavera, M. (2013). Metodología para la gestión y planificación de un sistema de agua potable con suministro intermitente: Aplicacion a la ciudad de Tegucigalpa (Honduras) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/21067
TESIS

This project elucidated the explanatory model of dengue fever held by members of urban communities in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The study was conducted over a four-month period from May-August of 2011, and it was divided into two stages. The first stage of the project consisted of volunteer participation with dengue fever surveillance brigades in the three communities with the highest incidence of dengue fever during the beginning of 2011. This initial stage employed participant observation as its research method. The second stage was conducted in a different community within Tegucigalpa. The primary research methods employed during the second stage of the project were participant observation, semi-structured questionnaires (n=18), and ethnographic surveys (n=32). The semi-structured questionnaires were conducted in three different low-socioeconomic status neighborhoods within the research community, and the ethnographic surveys were administered in a higher-socioeconomic status neighborhood within the same community. Participant observation was conducted in all four neighborhoods. The conceptions of dengue fever were evaluated across differing socio-economic statuses and the possibility of a folk characterization of dengue fever was investigated. The study also explored new avenues for prevention and assessed the impact of surveillance and informational campaigns. In significant aspects, the results from this study ran contrary to previous investigations on the topic (Kendall et al 1991); the results indicated that participants had an explanatory model of dengue fever very similar to the biomedical explanatory model. However, results also indicated that participants had a local-particular, etiological characterization of dengue fever that did not coincide with the biomedical explanatory model of dengue fever. In the latter respect, results were similar to those reported by Kendall et al (1991). Similarly, the participants in this study recognized poor communal cohesion and inadequate/inefficient governmental support or intervention as a prime promoter of dengue fever. The lack of communal cohesion and tension towards governmental authorities in relation to dengue fever has been described by Whiteford (1997). Finally, there were no apparent differences in the explanatory models held by low-socioeconomic status and high-socioeconomic status participants. This study contributes to the fields of anthropology and public health by 1) exploring differences in explanatory models across socio-economic status, 2) discussing local etiologies of dengue fever relating to dirt/filth, and 3) assessing local conceptions of dengue fever within the framework of a folk illness.

碩士
國立中央大學
國際環境永續發展碩士在職專班國際專班
98
Tegucigalpa city, which is the capital of Honduras with 1.01 million inhabitants in 2010, is expanding continuously and suffering from the unscientific and inappropriate ways of waste treatment and disposal. The city government still has not established an effective waste recycling program to save many recyclable materials in this municipality. The main objective of this paper is to propose a solution in establishing the garbage separation and recovery plant, Municipal Recovery Facility (MRF), including the plant’s planning and design principles, and sorting processes that are suitable for Tegucigalpa city. An economic analysis was also performed using a model developed in Microsoft® Excel of an integrated MRF treatment system including construction and operation costs. The resulting economic analysis is expected to provide a basis for Tegucigalpa government in analyzing decisions of MRF establishment. The proposed MRF for Tegucigalpa city is designed to recover mixed paper, glass, metals, textiles, plastics, and aluminium cans from municipal waste which are 36% of generated municipal wastes of Tegucigalpa city in 2010. The proposed MRF is with treatment capacity of 1,600 tons per day standing on 1.73 hectares of land. This treatment capacity of MRF was chosen to enable the city to bring in generated garbage to the plant for 15-years. The construction cost of this plant is estimated to be US $ 11,240,000. Based on the proposed conditions of generation rate of recyclable wastes as well as its market price, the MRF’s internal rate of return (IRR) can reach 50.26%. This paper also presented an approach for determining the sensitivity of maximum net profits to uncertainty, and examining whether the conclusion regarding the financial attractiveness of the project are robust. It is shown that all solutions of the sensitivity problem lie on the market price and recoverable rate of solid waste in the MRF plant. However, the IRR of MRF’s investment will be decreased to 10% when the market price is decreased 47% and the recoverable rate is decreased 11.9%, or market price decreased 27.5% and also recoverable rate decreased to 16.5%.

碩士
國立中央大學
國際環境永續發展碩士在職專班國際專班
96
The Republic of Honduras is a mountainous country in Central America and it is surrounded by the Caribbean Sea in its northeast land and Pacific Ocean in its southeast shore. Honduras is considered a developing country in which the mainly economic activities are agriculture and moderate industries. According to the investigation data in 2005, this nation generated solid wastes in the rate of 3,239 ton/day in terms of generating 0.45 kg per person per day. In Tegucigalpa, the asdiscarded amount of solid waste was 850 ton/day in 2004, and mostly was organic components which can be transformed and recovered for biogases. Solid waste generation is increasing yearly with the economic growth of the country. Ceaseless happen of environmental damage problems was partly due to the continued disregard of integrated solid waste management in the central government policy of Honduras. This study reviews and analyzes the issues of municipal solid waste management in Honduras, and found that the priority is the improvement of political policy in the education of people, participation encouragement of societies, and economic incentive on solid waste management programs, moreover, the induction and application of technical solutions in waste recovery and treatment. For evaluating the feasibility of biogas recovery from landfill of solid wastes, a case study is involved for the planning site of sanitary landfill (Section II) with area of 25 hectares in Tegucigalpa. The burying rate of solid waste in the landfill is set to be 850 tons/day with 2% annual increase during 5-year operation. Methane gas is expected to be 50% (by volume) of the totally collected gases emitted from the landfill. In the estimation with Scholl- Canyon model, Tegucigalpa landfill (Section II) will produce around 30 millions ii biogases per year in 25-year duration. The collected amount of methane gas can support a 4-MW electricity facility for 25 years. Keywords: Solid waste management, landfill, biogas recovery

碩士
國立中正大學
教育領導與管理發展國際碩士學位學程
106
This study focuses on the leadership of the principal and how it stimulates the performance of the teachers. This study analyzes the particular case of a public school in Tegucigalpa, Honduras known as “Japan Public School” which was set as an example for other public schools in 2016 because of its 200 days of classes compliance, thus the research was intended to analyze what differentiate the Japan Public School from other public schools in the country. The study was guided by three questions: What is the principal leadership style? Does the principal leadership style affect the performance of the teacher? Is there any area of the teacher performance that is more influenced by the principal’s leadership? A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to guide this study. The research participants consisted of all the seventeen teachers of the Japan Public School as well as the principal. The findings of the study suggested that the principal of the Japan Public School leaned toward an instructional leadership style. According to the teachers, the principal of the school displayed different instructional characteristics: she is goal-oriented, she focuses on instruction to implement an effective curriculum for the student’s academic growth and she embodies the school’s vision and mission. The findings from the teachers also suggested that the principal influenced a lot in their performance especially the communication between peers, organization, and their motivation in the classroom. Teachers conferred this influence on the principal’s labors in monitoring, evaluation and suggestions about their work in the classroom. Lastly, the findings also exhibited that the principal increased teachers’ performance in four areas: 1. The change of instructional and teaching philosophy which makes the teachers give the “extra mile”; 2. Teacher’s work environment in which she has created an environment of teamwork, trust, and support between teachers; 3. A meaningful curricula in which she ensures that the innovative activities developed by the teachers are suitable for the student’s academic development and lastly, the area that was more enhanced by the principal according to the teachers: their professional development, teachers were more creative and innovative with their classes always paying attention to the students’ benefits. They improved their organization and responsibility as well as their security and confidence in front of the students and the parents. All of those elements increased their job satisfaction as they all expressed their fulfillment in the workplace.

Citizen participation is central to the sustainability of development projects. It is difficult to achieve any level of community participation in programs, especially those offered in urban settings. This study investigates the relationship between participation and psychological sense of community in an urban primary health care project that operates in the city markets of Tegucigalpa, Honduras. This study employs a cross-sectional survey design to test the central hypothesis that a sense of community among market women is related to their participation in the urban primary health care project, Proyecto Alternativas. The survey, based on the work of McMillan and Chavis (1986) and other community psychologists, includes measures of a sense of community, locus of control, and demographic and health status/use characteristics. The principal research question is whether a relationship between participation in Proyecto Alternativas (i.e., community participation) and psychological sense of community among mothers who are vendors in the city markets of Tegucigalpa, Honduras exists A factor analysis of the sense of community construct yields a four-factor solution. Results indicate that mothers have a strong sense of community and that it is highly correlated with level of participation. A market-level analysis reveals that mothers from smaller markets have a stronger sense of community. Important predictors of participation are age, education, fees paid, the number of children working in the market, use of the nearest health center, having family in the market, the mothers' opinion of the administration, and the influence factor of the sense of community construct An important strength of the study is the investigator's familiarity with the markets, vendors, and the project and staff in Honduras. A limitation is the adaptation of measures developed for U.S. neighborhood studies to the markets of Tegucigalpa, as well as using mothers and children's participation in the project as a proxy for participation in community development. The results demonstrate, however, that the markets are close-knit communities whose members have a strong sense of community and willingness to participate in organized activities. This has implications for municipal governments and organizations in urban areas seeking local participation for sustainable development
acase@tulane.edu

碩士
銘傳大學
企業管理學系碩士班
102
This thesis explores the relationship between the Internationalization process and the use of Marketing and Technological Orientation in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Based small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) on the literature review, a framework has been developed which enables one to determine the competitiveness measured by of SMEs in profit terms. The final respondents of this research were composed of 150 companies and 3 government authorities. The participants held key positions within their firms, such that the data collected was from industry decision makers. This study uses LISREL technique testing. Finally, a detailed summary of findings and conclusions is presented. The research found that International orientation has a positive influence on Marketing, whilst Technology orientation and in turn influences international market growth. However, it appears these two orientations do not have a meaningful influence on the company’s profit. This thesis main practical contribution is that the findings explained that in Honduras there has to be a program that creates a link between Marketing and Technology orientation in SMEs; in that way they will create opportunities for firms wishing to maximize international market growth. To create opportunities some suggestion are offered to assist firms to develop a International orientation, firms and government bodies need to promote more practical programs to reach this goal.

The scarcity of data poses a challenging obstacle for the study of natural disasters, especially in developing countries where the social vulnerability plays as important a role as the physical vulnerability.  The work presented in this thesis is oriented towards the demonstration of the usefulness of press archives as a data source for the temporal and spatial analysis of landslides in Tegucigalpa, Honduras for the period between 1980 and 2005.  In the last four decades, Tegucigalpa has been characterized by a disorganized urban growth that has significantly contributed to the destabilization of the city’s slopes.  In the first part of the thesis, a description of the database compilation procedure is provided.  The limitations of using data derived from press archives have also been addressed to indicate how these affect the subsequent landslide analyses.  In the second part, the temporal richness offered by press archives has allowed the establishment of rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence.  Through the use of the critical rainfall intensity method, the analysis of rainfall thresholds for 7, 15, 30 and 60 antecedent days shows that the number of yielded false alarms increases with the threshold duration.  A new method based on the rainfall frequency contour lines was proposed to improve the distinction between days with and without landslides.  This method also offers the possibility to identify the landslides that may only occur with a major contribution of anthropogenic disturbances as well as those landslides induced by high-magnitude rainfall events.  In the third part, the matrix method has been employed to construct two landslide susceptibility maps: one based on the multi-temporal press-based landslide inventory and a second one based on the landslide inventory derived from an aerial photograph interpretation carried out in 2014.  Despite the low spatial accuracy provided by the press archives in locating the landslides, both maps exhibit 69% of consistency in the susceptibility classes and a good agreement in the areas with the highest propensity to landslides.  Finally, the integration of these studies with major actions required to improve the process of landslide data collection is proposed to prepare Tegucigalpa for future landslides.

碩士
國立中央大學
國際永續發展碩士在職專班
101
Disaster waste management is an issue that needs to be considered in the emergency plans of every country because large quantities of extra waste will be generated by the disaster crisis. Honduras’ exposure to natural phenomena, especially storm disasters, is extremely high causing severe impacts to its territory, economy, and people. Therefore, this study aimed to provide some waste management guidance in an event that a storm disaster affects the country of Honduras and more specifically its capital city Tegucigalpa. The scope of the thesis was to provide waste generation estimates in areas of the city with a higher risk of being affected and also to locate a potential place where the great quantities of disaster waste could be managed before its final disposal. An equation model developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers was applied, and factors such as amount of households, storm intensity, amount of vegetation, amount of commercial structures, and precipitation were used to calculate the generation of extra waste due to a storm disaster. The geoprocessing tools of ArcGIS were used to analyze different parameters to narrow out different areas that could serve as potential sites for the management of disaster waste. The results of this study show that an approximate amount of 324,000 tons of extra waste (corresponding to approximately 8 times the annual solid waste) could be possibly generated by a worst-case scenario during a storm disaster; and that this quantity of waste could be stored for later management in an area of nearly 70 hectares located in the vicinity of the city of Tegucigalpa.