Academic literature on the topic 'Telecommunication – Nigeria'

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Journal articles on the topic "Telecommunication – Nigeria"

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Kwaji, Sini Fave, and Ishaya John Dabari. "Examining Information Disclosure on Regulatory Compliance of Telecommunication Companies in Nigeria." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 1, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2017.1.2.12.

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This study examined the impact of information disclosure on regulatory compliance of telecommunication companies in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design which relied on secondary data collected from the financial statements of three (3) telecommunication companies out of the eight (8) telecommunication companies for the period of 2004 to 2015. The multiple regression statistics were used to analyse the data. The results indicated that computed compliance index of telecommunication companies was partially complied (av. 75.6%) with the requirements of regulatory agencies. Furthermore, the findings revealed that mandatory information disclosure (MID) has a significant impact at 10%, this shows weak compliance by the telecommunication companies, while voluntary information disclosure (VID) has a significant impact at 5%. This means that there is partial compliance by the telecommunication companies. Thus, this study made a clarion call for the enforcement of full compliance by all the telecommunication companies operating in Nigeria. It is, therefore, recommended that National Communication Commission (NCC) should monitor the compliance with the requirements of information disclosure and pursue its objective to achieve best corporate governance practices in Nigerian telecommunication companies.
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Akinde, John Abiodun, and Elijah Oludayo. "MONETARY POLICY AND TELECOMMUNICATION OUTPUT IN NIGERIA." J-MACC : Journal of Management and Accounting 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/j-macc.v3i2.2070.

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Different policies impact on the growth of the telecommunication sector in Nigeria. One of these policies which influence the expansion or contraction of the telecommunication output is monetary policy. To this end, this research examined the effect of monetary policy on telecommunication output in Nigeria. For the purpose of analysis, time series secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin covering the periods1986 to 2018. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was employed after examining the stationarity of the data series using Augmented Dickey-Fuller technique. The bound co-integration test revealed that there is long run equilibrium between the monetary policy variables employed and telecommunication output. The ARDL result revealed that money supply had significant and positive effect on telecommunication output in the short and long run; liquidity ratio produced an insignificant and negative relationship with telecommunication output in the short run and insignificant positive effect in the long run; exchange rate had insignificant negative effect in the short run and a significant positive effect on telecommunication output in the long run; consumer price index had significant negative influence on telecommunication outputboth in the short run and long run. The study concluded that monetary policy stimulates telecommunication output in Nigeria. Thus, it was recommended that the monetary authority should pursue an expansionary monetary policy to sustain the positive influence of money supply on telecommunication output in Nigeria while rolling out policy to reduce the liquidity ratio of banks in the short run but increase it in the long run so that the long term favourable effect of liquidity ratio can be felt on telecommunication output.
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Agbeboaye, C., F. O. Akpojedje, and B. I. Ogbe. "Effects of Erratic and Epileptic Electric Power Supply in Nigerian Telecommunication Industry: Causes and Solutions." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v2i2.61.

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The issue of erratic and epileptic power supply in Nigeria Electricity Company is as old as the country itself. This is not unconnected to some factors such as: inadequate power generated in the national grid, electric power losses in the distribution network, government instability and unstable power reform policies, to mention but a few. The effects of erratic and epileptic power supply have been a major challenge to every sector in Nigeria especially the telecommunication industry. The telecommunication industry plays a significant role in the growth and development of every nation. Hence, this paper aims at critically investigating the causes and effects of erratic and epileptic electric power supply in Nigerian telecommunication industry. More so, the paper suggested and recommended ways to curb and enhance the current erratic and epileptic power situation in the country in order to boost the productivity of telecommunication industry and other sectors as well.
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Asawo, Soye Peniel, and Benibo Meeting George. "Leaders’ intimidation impression management and subordinates’ affective job commitment in Nigeria." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 21, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-03-2018-002.

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Purpose The quality of the relationship between leaders and their followers appears to be one of the critical determinants of employees’ commitment at work. For instance, it has been empirically established that the impressions that managers convey of themselves to their subordinates, is a critical factor in the leader-follower relationship. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between leaders’ intimidation impression management (IM) and subordinates’ affective job commitment in the telecommunications industry in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The design adopted for this study is the cross-sectional survey design. The questionnaire was utilized to generate data from a sample of 306 employees from the six major telecommunication companies in Nigeria. The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was used as the inferential test statistic for assessing the relationship between leaders’ intimidation IM and subordinates’ affective job commitment. Findings The results showed that leaders’ threat, warning, fear-arousal, and discomfort-arousal all had significant but weak association with subordinates’ affective job commitment. The study thus found that as leaders apply intimidation IM strategies, workers’ sense of emotive attachment to their organization only improves minimally. Research limitations/implications Data were generated from employees, indicating that the outcome is based on their perception which may be skewed. Practical implications The outcome of the study will help managers in the Nigerian telecommunication industry to avoid the pitfalls that are associated with the arbitrary and excessive use of intimidation as an IM tactic. Rather, they would be guided to encourage good quality leader-member-exchange between them and their subordinates in enhancing individual and organizational performance. Originality/value This is the first main work to examine and identify the nature of the predictive effect of leaders’ intimidation IM on subordinates’ affective job commitment in the telecommunications industry in Nigeria.
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YUSUFF, Mulkat Ajibola, and Abimbola Omolade ODUBANJO. "EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND HUMAN RELATIONS MANAGEMENT ON BRAND LOYALTY IN NIGERIAN TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY." LASU Journal of Employment Relations & Human Resource Management 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ljerhrm/0202.02.0101.

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The study investigated the effect of social media marketing and human relations on brand loyalty in Nigeria telecommunication industry. The broad objective of this study was to determine the significant effect of social media marketing and human relations on brand loyalty in Nigeria telecommunication industry. Survey research method was adopted for gathering data for this study. The target population was 814 staff of the federal polytechnic, Ilaro who were representative of customers of telecommunication industry and social media users who followed at least a telecommunication brand on social media platform. Regression method was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that social media marketing practices have significant effect on brand loyalty. This indicates that the types of adverts placed on social media platform, is capable of boosting brand loyalty. Also the study found that social media interaction through their customer service has significant effect on brand loyalty. The study recommended that the Nigerian telecommunication industry should continue to place relevant advert on their social media site so as to get their customers attracted towards their site, hence, leading to brand loyalty of their network.
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Enahoro, Michael A., and David B. Olawade. "GSM and the Nigerian Economy: The Journey from 2004 to 2019." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 7 (June 12, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n7p69.

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The turn of the 21st century saw Nigeria liberalize its telecommunications sector with the deregulation of the industry, and the introduction of the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) network platforms in the country. This move had an immediate positive socio-economic impact. Sectors like information technology, banking and finance, online trade, sporting, education, entertainment, security, and healthcare have significantly improved over the years. So far, tens of millions of direct employments have been directly provided via the platform. Furthermore, the country’s GDP attributable to telecommunication has constantly increased since the deregulation of the telecommunication industry. The paradigm shift has since seen the industry grow at a pace faster than most established networks in the world. However, several demerits have also stemmed from this advancement such as cyber-crime, cyber-bullying, blackmailing, and reduced productivity attributed to social media distractions. Even with the apparent progress, it can be concluded that the telecommunication sector is still quite underexploited in Nigeria. The lack of basic infrastructures like constant electricity and accessible road networks across several parts of the country, and the harsh economic policies have severely limited the potential for heightened economic productivity. 
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Adebiyi, Sulaimon Olanrewaju, Emmanuel Olateju Oyatoye, and Owolabi Lateef Kuye. "An Analytic Hierarchy Process Analysis: Application to Subscriber Retention Decisions in the Nigerian Mobile Telecommunications." International Journal of Management and Economics 48, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2015-0035.

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Abstract The introduction of mobile number portability (MNP) in the Nigerian telecommunications industry has brought a new challenge for mobile operators. This study investigates the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in customer retention decisions in the Nigerian telecommunication industry using a cross-sectional survey design. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires administered to 480 mobile telecommunications subscribers in six tertiary institutions located in Lagos State, Nigeria. These educational institutions were chosen using a multistage sampling technique. Of 438 questionnaires received from subscribers, 408 were valid. Based on this sample data an AHP model was built to assess the determinants of customer retention decisions. Next, eigen values, an eigen vector and maximum lambda (λMax) were obtained using the AHP analysis for the matrices. This analysis shows that customers considered call quality as the important in the retention decision. We conclude that AHP is a meaningful tool for determining what motivates retention decisions, that can help network operators formulate effective customer retention strategies.
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Akpoviroro, Kowo Solomon, Akinbola Olufemi Amos, Akinrinola Olalekan Oladipo, and Adegbite Ganiu Adewale. "Product Branding and Consumer Loyalty in Telecommunication Industry." Economics and Culture 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0009.

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AbstractResearch Purpose. With fierce competition and saturated marketing in Nigeria, telecom operators must work hard to reduce cost, win new customers, and most importantly, retain the existing ones. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between product branding and consumer loyalty in the Nigerian telecommunication industry.Design / Methodology / Approach. This research employed survey research design. Primary data was adopted with the aid of a questionnaire administered to the customers of three major telecommunication companies in Nigeria (MTN, AIRTEL and GLOBACOM) residing in Lagos State. The population of the study was 172, the sample size was 120, which were determined using the simple computation method. The study made use of statistical tools that include: analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation efficient and Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 17.0.Findings. The results of this study confirm with the existing literature that product branding as a feature has a significant effect on product. The study found out that there exists a significant relationship between product branding and consumer loyalty in the Nigerian telecommunication industry. Consequently, from the practical perspective, telecommunication firms should expand their network coverage, improve the quality of service and provide better access to other networks within and outside Nigeria.Originality / Value / Practical implications. The study seeks to contribute to existing literature on product branding and customer loyalty. The paper contributes in clarifying that telecom providers in Nigeria must make product branding as a very important aspect of its marketing strategy and it must be given a serious approach, because it goes a long way to determine the success or failure of the product offer to the market, the firm in question and its ability to achieve consumer loyalty
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Emelifeonwu, Jude Chukwuemeka, and Reimara Valk. "Employee voice and silence in multinational corporations in the mobile telecommunications industry in Nigeria." Employee Relations 41, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 228–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-04-2017-0073.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore employee voice and silence in the mobile telecommunication industry in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory qualitative case study methodology was employed in this study. Participant selection was done through a purposeful intensity sampling technique, which resulted in 30 employees from two different multinational organizations and an indigenous organization taking part in in-depth interviews.FindingsFindings show the presence of fear of victimization in the Nigerian workplace embellished by the Sub-Saharan culture and the state of the labor market, which resulted in employee silence. The study revealed that the implementation of culturally adapted employee voice mechanisms within organizations in the mobile telecommunication industry in Nigeria promotes employee voice and organizational performance, whereas a lack thereof results in organizational failure.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation is that the purposive sample of employees from three organizations in the mobile telecommunications industry only permits theoretical and analytic generalization.Practical implicationsA focus on the co-creation of a high-performance work environment and the development of a powerful employee value proposition would foster employee voice.Social implicationsIt will enable multinationals operating in Nigeria understand better how to operate employee voice in order to obtain optimal performance from workers in Sub-Sahara Africa.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on employee/industrial relations by showing that a high-power-distance national culture and a high unemployment rate affect employee voice and silence, which brings to the fore the importance of adequate employee voice mechanisms through which employees express their voice in order to arrive at beneficial individual and organizational outcomes.
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Bello, Ismail, and Muhammad Fuad Othman. "Multinational corporations and sustainable development goals." International Journal of Educational Management 34, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-03-2019-0103.

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Purpose There are over 263m out-of-school children in the world, and Nigeria is not an exception to the problem facing basic education. Education provides the necessary skills and knowledge needed by people in other to live a better life. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of multinational corporations (MNC) towards basic education development in Nigeria using Etisalat Telecommunication as a case study. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative method of data collection and analysis was used for the study. Interviews were conducted with 15 participants. NVivo software was utilized in transcription, coding and analysis of data from the interview conducted. Findings Findings from the research revealed that Etisalat has made a significant contribution towards the development of the education sector in Nigeria, particularly basic education. This is evident in “adopt a school” initiative across the country. Etisalat intervention is in line with Sustainable Development Goal 4: quality education, which has led to improved infrastructure, school enrolment and most importantly improved quality of learning. Practical implications This study will help educational institutions, government and international organization explore ways of utilizing private funds to develop basic education, not only in Nigeria but other climes around the world. Originality/value This study adds to the literature on the role of non-state actors, especially MNC, towards developing the education sector in Nigeria. Previous studies have focussed on MNCs in other sectors; the use of Etisalat Telecommunication opens a new frontier in understanding the role of telecommunications MNCs in developing basic education in Nigeria.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Telecommunication – Nigeria"

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Lukman, Raimi. "Entrepreneurship development through corporate social responsibility : a study of the Nigerian telecommunication industry." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11163.

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Beyond the conventional meaning of CSR as a voluntary obligation for enhancing the social, economic and environmental wellness of the society, the developmental-oriented CSR is emerging and requires exploratory and empirical investigations. This research attempts to fill the gap in this direction by examining the Entrepreneurship Development through Corporate Social Responsibility – A Study of the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry. In specific terms, the research seeks deeper understanding of CSR and Entrepreneurship with a view to refocusing both constructs as support mechanisms for small enterprise development in Nigeria. Considering the multidisciplinary nature of this research, an extensive review of literature was carried out which provided deeper insights into the research problem. Arising from the review of literature, the human capital theory and stakeholder theory provided the required theoretical grounding for the study. For easy triangulation, the study adopted a mixed research methods (an amalgam of qualitative and quantitative research methods). The target population for the study was the Nigerian telecommunication industry, which comprised the 24 telecommunication companies and the 65 million proxy telephone users. Lagos state was preferred as the sample location. From the target population, sample sizes of 9 telecommunication companies and 384 telephone users were selected with justifications using purposive sampling and snowballing sampling respectively. The qualitative aspect of research used interview instrument for data collection. The interview data from 9 interviewees were analysed using content and thematic analyses. The quantitative research on the other hand used web-enabled questionnaire instrument for data collection. Out of the 384 telephone users targeted, only 369 responses were analysed, using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-Square Test, Friedman Rank Test, Structural Equation Modelling and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis). At end of the investigation, it was found that the stakeholders’ perception of CSR is largely a philanthropic perspective; while the perception of entrepreneurship in the same industry is the act of setting up businesses for self-employment and wealth creation. Furthermore, the dominant CSR activity is sports and entertainments, while entrepreneurship development was poorly supported. With regards to the potentials, the study found that CSR is a potential means for funding entrepreneurship education; funding start-up venture capital for unemployed graduates/trainees; funding business clusters and technology business incubation centres for small businesses; funding purchase of equipment and tools for poor artisans, craftsmen and petty traders in disadvantaged host communities; and also CSR could be an effective instrument for political risk mitigation in hostile communities like Niger-Delta and Northern Nigeria. Finally, it was found that there is a relationship between CSR and entrepreneurship in the Nigerian telecommunication industry, but the predictability of CSR dimensions on entrepreneurship is weak. The study has therefore enriched the literature with an enhanced understanding of CSR incorporating entrepreneurship, as opposed to viewing CSR in terms of social, economic and environmental dimensions. The study concludes with a discussion of the academic and practical implications of the findings as well as recommendations for further research in this multidisciplinary field.
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Kejuo, Kingsley. "TOPIC: Critical Success Factors: Telecommunication Network equipment Procurement projects. A case study of MTN Nigeria." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118753.

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Taheri, Maryam, and Agborsangaya Etchu Oben. "Cultural influence on decision making in project teams : The case of telecommunication industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15115.

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Title : Cultural influence on decision making in project team : The case of telecommunication industry Level : Master Thesis of Business Administration: Business Management Authors : Etchu Oben Agborsangaya and Maryam Taheri Supervisor : Professor Akmal Hyder Date: 2013 June Purpose : In the last few decades, the effects of globalisation has changed the way many companies carry out their activities. Greater emphasis are now placed on project management in a dynamic and effective atmosphere. As a result of this, companies try to understand how culture influences decision making in project teams in different countries. The purpose of this research is to investigate how culture influence decision making in project teams through an empirical study of telecommunication industry in Nigeria and Sweden by using Hofstede's framework on cultural dimensions. Research Questions : (1) How does culture influence decision making in project teams? (2) what are the similarities and differences in decision making in project teams between Nigeria and Sweden? Approach : The research design for this study includes literature review and qualitative method. The primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews with project managers and workers in project teams. The secondary data was collected through articles, journals and books. Data from the findings were analysed using coding. Results & Conclusions : It was found that culture influence decision making in project teams. In Nigeria, decision making in teams is more relax type because people try to avoid conflict by not hurting another person’s feelings while in Sweden decision making is more of a participating type in which each member in team has to be consulted and a consensus is arrived at before making the decision. Nigerian team values respect for senior colleagues and prefer hierarchy where codes of conduct exist, formality and inflexibility at work when compared to Sweden. 3 Contribution of the study : We recommend that prospective project managers of the mixed Swedish-Nigerian project team should encourage a participative involvement of all the members of teams in decision making and high degree of flexibility at work. This will lead to an efficient and effective project teams. The fact that this study was based on an important field of studies - project management, we could recommend that the impact of culture on project management could be explored in future research. Key words: Culture, project management cultural influence, decision making, project team, Telecommunication industry, Sweden and Nigeria.
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Opata, Chukwudiebube Bede Abraham. "Telecommunications law and regulation in Nigeria : a study of universal service provision." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/35531/.

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This thesis undertakes an analysis of the law pertaining to the regulation of telecommunications in Nigeria generally and more specifically with regards to the extension of access to telecommunications services to unserved and underserved persons and areas in Nigeria. The study is situated in the context of privatisation and liberalisation reform of the Nigerian telecommunications sector. It addresses the question of how to extend access to telecommunications services in Nigeria to unserved and underserved persons and areas. This question is researched by focusing on the sector regulator the Nigerian Communications Commission and analysing the mechanisms, ranging from licensing to interconnection to universal service provision and the National Rural Telecommunication Programme, that have been deployed in the past to achieve this objective to ascertain how these may be improved to ensure that as many persons and areas as possible have access to telecommunications services. The issue of securing the accountability of the regulator responsible for the deployment of these access extension mechanisms is also addressed. The research identifies the main international influences on the development of the Nigerian regulatory framework and shows the country’s ability to borrow from a number of sources while adapting and refining the borrowed rules to solve Nigerian problems. The thesis makes a contribution to knowledge in at least three material ways. It is, to the best of my knowledge, the first work on the legal framework for the regulation of telecommunications in Nigeria after the enactment of the Communications Act 2003. Secondly, it is also the first work that I am aware of which analyses issues of access to telecommunications services using a variety of regulatory mechanism as opposed to focusing on universal access and universal service alone. Finally it presents a positive illustration of a successful outcome of globalisation of rules, specifically the transposition or transplantation of specific legal rules in the economic context of a developing African country.
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Onyeajuwa, M. "Assessment of ordinary consumer representation in liberalised mobile telecommunications markets : a case study of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9z7wy/assessment-of-ordinary-consumer-representation-in-liberalised-mobile-telecommunications-markets-a-case-study-of-nigeria.

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This study on the assessment of ordinary consumer representation in the liberalised mobile telecommunications market in Nigeria is situated within the broader perspective of the public interest and in the context of policy and institutional failure (what happens after policies are adopted?). It focuses on aspects of compliance monitoring and enforcement; areas that do not receive adequate attention in policy literature. The study is conducted using the New Institutional Economics framework and its analytical tools: transaction costs, property rights and agency. It adapts and extends the Saleth and Dinar (1999) institution decomposition model to deconstruct the mobile institution into four main components: policy, law, administration and enforcement for analytical purposes. Using document analysis and semi-structured interviews as main methods, this study provides insights into how the regulatory framework relegates the protection of ordinary consumer interest and how this has implications for the delivery of the stated policy objectives. The main findings reveal that: 1) due to inconsistency in the procedural definition of consumer interest and weak institutional structures, such as enforcement mechanisms, the regulator and mobile service providers do not hold ordinary consumers’ interest at levels consistent with policy and law; 2) there is need for legal provisions for independent statutory consumer bodies to ensure ordinary mobile consumers’ influential participation in the regulatory-decision-process and facilitate their capacity to harness the legal provisions in their interest; 3) there is need to make the arbitration process focused on the ordinary consumer, as currently it involves substantial resources-funding, time and expertise- beyond the capacity of ordinary consumer. Telecommunications policy and the institutional framework in place have so far benefitted mobile companies in Nigeria rather than ordinary consumers. The existing policy failure, as discussed in this case study, can provide inspiration for rethinking the place of the ordinary consumer. The study’s focus on mobile is important given the growing significance of this sector throughout Africa and globally too.
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Onuzuruike, Emeka. "Telecom Infrastructure Sharing as a Strategy for Cost Optimization and Revenue Generation : A Case Study of MTN Nigeria/Zain Nigeria Collocation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1124.

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There is a growing need for operators and providers in the Nigerian telecoms industry to drive down cost of capital assets or infrastructure deployed for telecom services. This has been expressed in recent times by many operators who now come, together , on basis of mutual, agreements , to consider sharing infrastructure. The telecom market in Nigeria is driven by growing demand for telecommunications services like voice, SMS, data services like internet, fax, etc as well as high broadband services like video calling, video messaging and video conferencing. This high demand from telecom users combined with the heated competition of a gradually maturing telecoms market in Nigeria has driven many telecoms operators to explore ways of reaching their potential customers in very cost efficient and cost effective ways, hence the need to reduce the cost of rolling out telecom infrastructure while at the same time achieving the numbers through effective network coverage. Also, the regulatory body in Nigeria,NCC( Nigeria Communications Commission) has also given its backing to this initiative by providing the legal and technical guidelines that would ensure fairplay and enhance fair competition. This study or research aims at exploring the value of infrastructure sharing as a means of achieving cost efficiency and revenue assurance. The research is based on a case study analysis of the current collocation arrangement between MTN Nigeria Ltd and Zain Nigeria Ltd. The study seeks to explore the benefits of the infrastructure sharing deal between these two companies as well as recommend an improved or enhanced framework or model to sustain this strategy model in the context of the Nigerian telecommunications industry. Based on a survey/interview of 20 respondents drawn from key departments involved in this sharing deal, the following conclusions were drawn. (1) That both operators have experienced significant reduction in their cost of CAPEX(capital expenditure) employed in network rollouts/deployments; (2) that passive infrastructure(network infrastructure sharing) has led to an improved cost efficiency in network deployments; (3) that infrastructure sharing has led to improved network based operational expenditure; (4) that passive infrastructure sharing has enabled operators achieve improved coverage and capacity; (5) that infrastructure sharing has had no negative impact on customer experience and quality of service; (6) that infrastructure sharing has led to improved service delivery by telecoms operators whereby captial gained or recouped has been invested in product innovations through better value added services to gain competitive advantage. The implications of these findings is that telecom infrastructure sharing serves as an effective business model for cost optimization and revenue generation for telecom operators in Nigeria and the rest of Africa.
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Wali, Andy Fred. "A comparative consumer study of firms' CRM practices and marketing effectiveness in the mobile telecommunications sectors of Nigeria and the UK." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2016. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/28522/.

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The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to carry out a comparative consumer study of firms’ CRM practices and Marketing Effectiveness (ME) in the Mobile Telecommunications (MT) sectors of Nigeria and the United Kingdom. The research contribution as explained by Corley and Gioa (2011) has guided this thesis as the underlying facets of theory are bound in a statement of concepts and interrelationships to explain how and why a phenomenon has occurred. The research contribution of the thesis is explained in detail in Chapter One, Section 1.0: Introduction and 1.1: Theoretical Background of the Study. The adoption of Consumer Utility Theory and Institutional Theory culminating in CRMBT informs and guides the research work in analysing consumer satisfaction and dissatisfaction, how firms behave and what influences arising from businesses have impact on consumers. Examples of business pressures are in the form of cultural rules, beliefs, symbols, rituals and power structures with survival dependent on loyalty to other institutional pressures (Scott, 1987; DiMaggio and Powell, 1991b). Studies discussed in the literature have shown that firms’ CRM practices are affected by institutional pressures, thus demonstrating the emergence of CRMBT and how it would help to mediate internal institutional forces (DiMaggio and Powell, 1991b; Ernest and Young, 2001; Chen and Popovich, 2003; ElGohary et al. 2013; Keramati and Shapulli, 2015). Consumer Utility Theory as described by Fishburn (1987) is adopted in this study because it helps in understanding the rationale behind consumer satisfaction and retention decisions. Ultimately, Consumer Utility Theory is linked with Institutional Theory as both internal and external institutional pressures shape consumer satisfaction and retention decisions positively or negatively. The thesis’s contribution uniquely linked all three to explain the phenomena under investigation. Within the last two decades the use of mobile phones and other mobile devices have risen dramatically as the phenomenally successful mobile phone has increased customers and profits for MT companies. The sample in the study included three face to face qualitative consumer focus groups in Port Harcourt Nigeria with 23 interviewees (8,7,8) and three face to face consumer focus groups in Huddersfield town UK of 22 interviewees (10,5,7). The justifications for comparing telecommunications service experiences of users in both towns are due to their shared similarities in terms of economic viability and adult population of telecommunications consumer. The data for the study were analysed using the thematic template technique and facilitated with Nvivo 10. From the Nigerian study it was found that mobile telecommunication firms’ CRM practices were weak for their consumers, which had negatively impacted on these firms’ marketing effectiveness over the years. Secondly, the study found that the factors underpinning the negative practices by Nigerian mobile telecoms operators were mainly externally motivated. This led to the emergence of six themes to include: service price; consumer privacy; complaints management; service courtesy; service quality and service personalisation. From the UK study it was found that MT firms’ CRM practices were fair towards their consumer and these practices had positive impact on consumer satisfaction and retention behaviours. This led to the emergence of seven themes which include: service quality, service upgrade, service price, service personalisation, service evaluation, complaints management and understanding customer expectations. The key theoretical contributions of this doctoral research are in Institutional Theory, Consumer Utility Theory and CRMBT respectively. The transformational CRM behaviour model is depicted on Figure 6.1 for theoretical and practical explorations. Drawing upon existing CRM literature this is the first doctoral study that has compared the CRM practices of MT firms concerning consumers in Nigeria and the UK using the qualitative focus group approach, which leads to developing a transformational CRM behaviour model. The recommendations of this thesis pertaining to the MT operators and the telecommunications regulatory agencies in Nigeria and the UK are provided. Individual themes from each of the study contexts are analysed and displayed in the Nvivo data.
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Onuorah, Patrick. "THE ROLE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH : A CASE STUDY OF MATORI LGA IN LAGOS, NIGERIA." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1186.

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This study, the role of small and medium sized enterprises for economic growth, was undertaken to find out how SME sub-sector in Nigeria has performed and its impact on the economic growth of the country. Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) is accepted globally as a tool for empowering the citizenry and economic growth. It has been associated with the rapid economic growth of countries in Asia and North America. In Nigeria efforts have been made by successive governments to reduce poverty and accelerate economic growth by increasing foreign direct investment, diversifying the economy, enacting policy frameworks which favour small business ownership and sometimes initiating employment and entrepreneurship programmes. Specifically this study tends to figure out: how profitable SME business is; whether infrastructural development could be attributed to the presence of SMEs; if significant number of people are employed within the SME sector; whether the SME market has attracted banks and financial institutions with increase in loans and incentives; whether there is increase in information Technology related businesses due to presence of SMEs and if there is need for the government to encourage and develop more opportunities for SMEs. A total of 200 SMEs were randomly selected from Matori, a city in Lagos state Nigeria. A questionnaire was constructed and distributed to the selected SMEs. The responses were collated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) analytical tool. The study reveals that while SME businesses are profitable problems of policy inconsistency and poor infrastructural development continuously undermine the potentials of the market. Though the presence of SMEs has attracted infrastructural development, such developments in most cases are community effort or privately driven which limits the amount of developments achieved. For example their efforts could be limited to patching and maintaining existing bad road networks but not expanding or creating new road networks. The study also revealed that financial institutions like banks are attracted to areas where SMEs are established but getting funds through these institutions via loans has not been easy due to high interest rates and harsh conditions like types of collateral to present. It was also established that SMEs are good employers of labor but not without required support and facilities. SMEs will not engage more people to work for them when their businesses do not thrive. For their businesses to thrive they need government to encourage them and develop more opportunities such opportunities could be in terms of providing infrastructures like stable power supply and good transport networks (rails and roads), easy access to finance (low interest rates), stable government policies, reducing multiple taxations, ensuring availability and access to modern technology and raw materials locally etc. The result of the study confirms existing theories in the field which support the belief that SMEs remains a tool for economic growth in Nigeria. There are enormous potentials and opportunities for SMEs in Nigeria to mature and play the crucial role of economy growth, poverty reduction, employment and wealth creation. This will entail having the government provide required supports and addressing identified problems. While the SMEs also need to change their attitudes relating to entrepreneurship development, government needs to involve the SMEs in policy formulation and execution for maximum effect. There is also need to introduce entrepreneurial studies in our Universities in Nigeria in addition to emphasizing practical and technological studies at all levels of our educational system.
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Anoliefo, Emeka Emmanuel. "Impact of the telecommunication industry on the socio-economic life of Nigerians : Okata area of Lagos as case study / E.E. Anoliefo." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4306.

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Jagun, Abiodun. "Telecommunications and the structure of economic organisations : an investigation of the impact of telephony on economic activity within a Nigerian fabric weaving micro-industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21620.

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Do telecommunications (telecoms) technologies contribute to the economic growth of organisations and the individuals that make up these organisations? This is the question this research sets out to answer. The study was motivated by the numerous macro-level and predominantly economic studies that suggest the existence of a causal relationship between the telecommunication infrastructure available within a country and its level of economic growth and/or development. If telecoms indeed have this causal effect why is this not being reported by studies on the everyday business lives of ordinary citizens? This research adds to the body of literature that investigates the impact of telecoms at the micro-level. It examines the way in which telephones are used by participants in a developing country micro-industry. Furthermore, this examination is conducted in 'context - it studies the application of telephones in fulfilling a specific need; the need to obtain and distribute information. The research therefore begins with an assessment of the impact, lack or uneven distribution of information, has on the behaviour of organisations and individuals in a specified case industry. The research documents these impacts and investigates what the industry's response has been in overcoming the limitations they have on trade. It is in investigating the response of the industry that the contribution of telephones is examined - does the use of the telephone add noticeably to the improvement of trade in the industry? The research found that, as stated in literature, telephones do improve the ability of industry participants to acquire and distribute information. In some instances this improved ability has generated benefits. For example, telephones have improved the efficiency with which participants choose who to trade with. Telephones also contribute to cost savings in the industry by helping participants to economise on communication and transportation costs. Distance between production and consumption is also better managed through telecom use, and is in some cases more efficient than physical movement between places. However, the use of telephones in certain circumstances is not always effective. For example, selecting the most appropriate trade partner requires access to private information about the alternatives. However, private information (i. e. information only known to one party to a trade) is mainly acquired through personal observation. When it is transmitted through a third-party it is within the context of an already established relationship based on trust or mechanism for sanctions. In an industry with low levels of trust between participants - as in the case study; acquisition, verification and distribution of private information is critical to success. Under such circumstances the mere use of telephone adds little value. However, when telephone use occurs within the context of established organisational forms in the industry, its benefits are reinforced.
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Books on the topic "Telecommunication – Nigeria"

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Wireless telecommunications for increased penetration in Nigeria. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 2002.

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Jerome, Afeikhena. Public enterprise reform in Nigeria: Evidence from the telecommunications industry. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 2003.

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Overview of the National Rural Telecommunications Programme. Nigeria: The Fund, 1998.

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Mohammed, Bello Haliru. Hello! Communicating in Nigeria is today easier, cheaper and more efficient. [Lagos]: Press & Public Relations Unit, Ministry of Communications, 2002.

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Technological response to telecommunications development: A study of firms and institutions in Nigeria. Nairobi, Kenya: African Technology Policy Studies Network, 2001.

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Usman, Israel Adejoh. A practical guide on resolving telecoummunication disputes in Nigeria: A paper presented @ the 37th Alphajuris workshop. [Nigeria]: LawQuest Ltd., 2009.

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Study of the impact of economic reforms on growth and development in Nigeria: Focusing on employment 2005. Garki, Abuja: National Manpower Board (Nigeria), 2006.

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Nigeria. Government white paper on the report of the Judicial Commission of Inquiry for the investigation of the management of Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (Nitel) and Nigerian Mobile Telecommunications (Mitel). Lagos: Federal Govt. Printer, 2002.

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National Council on Privatisation (Nigeria). Establishing a legal and regulatory framework for telecommunications: Draft telecommunications bill : Nigerian Telecommunications Act 2001. Abuja, Nigeria]: Federal Republic of Nigeria, The Presidency National Council on Privatization, 2001.

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Akinbinu, A. F. Improved technologies and the performance of the Nigerian Telecommunications Limited. Ibadan: NISER, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Telecommunication – Nigeria"

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Olawale, Kukoyi, and Clinton Aigbavboa. "Safety and Risk Factor Assessment by Telecommunication Mast Riggers and Technicians in Nigeria." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 431–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94589-7_42.

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Ayotunde Alaba, Fadele, Yunusa Salisu Tanko, Sani Danjuma, Rajab Ritonga, Abulwafa Muhammad, Tundung Subali Patma, and Tutut Herawan. "An Evaluation of Virtual Organizational Structure on Employee Performance of Selected Telecommunication Companies in Kaduna State, Nigeria." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 696–707. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7512-4_69.

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Adeka, Muhammad, Mohammad Ngala, Mohammad Bin-Melha, E. Ibrahim, Simon J. Shepherd, Issa T. E. Elfergani, Ash S. Hussaini, Fauzi Elmegri, and Raed Abd-Alhameed. "Nigeria: Cyber Space Security Vis a Vis Computerisation, Miniaturisation and Location-Based Authentication." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 322–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18802-7_43.

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Olaleye, Sunday Adewale, Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi, Dandison C. Ukpabi, and Oladapo Aina. "Smartphone Usage Among Millennial in Finland and Implications for Marketing Segmentation Strategies: Lessons for Nigeria." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 327–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98827-6_31.

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Tiemo, Pereware Aghwotu. "Telecommunications Regulation in Nigeria." In Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy, 700–710. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-847-0.ch044.

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This chapter presents the historical development of telecommunication in Nigeria, ranging from the colonial era to the present democratic dispensation and the position of Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) as the telecommunication regulatory body, are highlighted. It goes further to x-ray the current trends and benefits of deregulation of telecommunication in the county. Despite the effort being made to ensure access to telecommunication system in the country, there are still some problems that militate against it effectiveness such as poor quality of services, inadequate telecommunication infrastructure and irregular electricity supply. It also looks at the future trends of telecommunication and among the recommendations are constant supplies of electricity, conducive environment and friendly policy that will sustain the growth of telecommunication in Nigeria.
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Vajjhala, Narasimha Rao, Kenneth David Strang, and Nankyer Sarah Bitrus. "Contemporary Usage of Farm Management Information Systems in Nigeria." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 82–95. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3045-0.ch005.

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Agriculture is a critical sector in the Nigerian economy, contributing significantly to GDP as well as employment generation. Agricultural technology has evolved substantially over the last decade with significant advancements in farm management information systems (FMIS) as well as agricultural information systems (AIS). FMIS have evolved from addressing simple production tasks to handling complex across multifunctional sectors in farming enterprises. However, the adoption rates of FMIS have been low in Nigeria. In this chapter, the contemporary usage of farm management information systems in central Nigeria is examined, and the various constraints leading to the low adoption rates are explored. In this study, the factors impacting the FMIS adoption by rural farmers in central Nigeria were examined. The findings of this study indicated that some of the demographic factors were influencing the FMIS adoption by rural farmers in central Nigeria. The results of this study in this chapter should help policymakers in framing policies intended to improve FMIS adoption rates in Nigeria.
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Alozie, Emmanuel C. "Agriculture, Communication, and Socioeconomic Development." In Regional Development, 396–413. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0882-5.ch301.

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This study explores Nigeria’s e-agriculture policies and those of other African governments. It also proposes what e-agricultural strategies these governments could adopt to enhance their agricultural output by examining the history of agriculture in Nigeria; the current status of Nigerian information and communication technologies and e-government policies with emphasis on agriculture. The analysis addresses the role of communications as instrument of national development. In view of the economic status of African countries, the study calls on Nigeria and other African governments to adopt a cautious approach as they embark on e-agriculture policies and acquisition of information and communication technologies to promote national development. The study calls on African governments to liberalize their agricultural policies, establish agricultural cooperatives, educate rural famers and offer telecommunication services in the rural areas if they hope to raise their agricultural productivity.
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Raimi, Lukman. "Leveraging CSR as a ‘Support-Aid' for Triple Bottom-Line Development in Nigeria." In Corporate Social Responsibility, 860–77. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6192-7.ch043.

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This book chapter focuses on the developmental-oriented perspective of CSR which views corporate involvement as a ‘support-aid' for meeting triple bottom-line development in Nigeria. Arising from the literature, the stakeholder, legitimacy and social contract theories provide the required theoretical grounding for the discourse. The qualitative research method was found appropriate for this discourse. From the list of 25 registered telecommunication companies in Nigeria, a sample of 8 functional companies was selected using purposive sampling technique. The data extracted from the annual reports and websites of these companies were analysed using the content analysis. The findings indicate that the telecommunication companies are practically leveraging their CSR initiatives for social, economic and environmental wellness in Nigeria through a number of developmental programmes. The chapter explicates the fact that CSR as a private sector development model can be a potent tool for bridging governance gap environment instead of leaving all social problems to governments.
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Raimi, Lukman. "Leveraging CSR as a ‘support-aid' for Triple Bottom-Line Development in Nigeria." In Comparative Perspectives on Global Corporate Social Responsibility, 208–25. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0720-8.ch010.

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This book chapter focuses on the developmental-oriented perspective of CSR which views corporate involvement as a ‘support-aid' for meeting triple bottom-line development in Nigeria. Arising from the literature, the stakeholder, legitimacy and social contract theories provide the required theoretical grounding for the discourse. The qualitative research method was found appropriate for this discourse. From the list of 25 registered telecommunication companies in Nigeria, a sample of 8 functional companies was selected using purposive sampling technique. The data extracted from the annual reports and websites of these companies were analysed using the content analysis. The findings indicate that the telecommunication companies are practically leveraging their CSR initiatives for social, economic and environmental wellness in Nigeria through a number of developmental programmes. The chapter explicates the fact that CSR as a private sector development model can be a potent tool for bridging governance gap environment instead of leaving all social problems to governments.
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Arinze, Ndidi Stella, Patrick Uche Okafor, and Osondu Ignatius Onah. "The Adverse Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation From Cellular Base Stations in Nigeria." In Handbook of Research on 5G Networks and Advancements in Computing, Electronics, and Electrical Engineering, 269–80. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6992-4.ch010.

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On a global scale, the telecommunication industry is experiencing tremendous growth in mobile phones. Mobile phones communicate with base stations that are erected by the telecommunication industry. The base station produces radio frequency and exposes the people near the base stations to radiation. The effect of electromagnetic radiation from four base stations located at the residential area was studied by measuring their electric field strength and calculating their magnetic field strength and power density at different distances covering a frequency range of 900MHz to 2100MHz. The obtained values showed that the four cellular base stations are operating above the standard values of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Electromagnetic Field Radiation. The specific absorption rate was measured to determine the amount of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation absorbed by the human body. The result which is in the range of 3.22-3.70 W/kg is higher than the acceptable 2 W/kg for localized specific absorption rate.
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Conference papers on the topic "Telecommunication – Nigeria"

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Usikalu, M. R., and O. R. Ilesanmi. "Network Elements of a Telecommunication Service Provider in Nigeria." In 2018 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sustech.2018.8671377.

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Orokunle, S., and J. Gropper. "Considerations For High Reliability Energy Sources For Nigeria Telecommunication Limited." In INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intlec.2006.251586.

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Caroline, O. Alenoghena, G. Ambafi James, and S. Dauda Umar. "Embracing the green communication initiative in powering telecommunication networks in Nigeria." In 2014 IEEE 6th International Conference On Adaptive Science & Technology (ICAST). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icastech.2014.7068125.

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Oyatoye, Emmanuel Olateju, Sulaimon Olanrewaju Adebiyi, and Bilqis Bolanle Amole. "Evaluating Subscribers Preference for Service Attributes of Mobile Telecommunication in Nigeria Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)." In International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2014.088.

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Abatan, Omotayo Kayode, and Manoj Maharaj. "Session 3: Inclusive Education | Comparative Framings of the Impact of Mobile Telecommunication Services on Students’ Life in South Africa and Nigeria." In World Congress on Special Needs Education. Infonomics Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/wcsne.2015.0016.

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Quiniou-Ramus, Valérie, Rémi Estival, Pascal Venzac, and Jean-Baptiste Cohuet. "Real-Time Network of Weather and Ocean Stations: Public-Private Partnership on In-Situ Measurements in the Gulf of Guinea." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10903.

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Monitoring of meteorological or/and oceanographic conditions is done on many Oil & Gas platforms offshore West and Central Africa (from Nigeria to Angola), but it is often only used in real-time and not necessarily archived on a hard-drive, or it is protected by each company’s IT firewalls thus making it difficult to send the information to the “outer world”. In 2010, TOTAL Oil & Gas Operator launched a project to give remote and public access to this real-time wind, current and also wave or other meteorological / oceanographic (“metocean”) data. The objectives of this initiative were multiple: • Improve weather and ocean hindcasts and forecasts, which will be beneficial to all Oil & Gas operations in Africa, • Help feed a database for future O&G developments; • Enable design checks after ∼1 year of operation; • Serve as a “black box” in case of an incident which could be due to environment; • Help feed or validate ocean and oil spill drift forecast in case of emergency; • Contribute to the international effort of monitoring the oceans in the long term (operational oceanography, climate change, etc.); • Encourage capacity building in Africa by supporting development and maintenance of technical solutions to reach objectives In 2013, with the support of the French Meteorological Office Météo-France, the data from half a dozen platforms offshore Nigeria, Congo and Angola will be available on the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS). This paper will present the type of metocean stations that are part of this network “MODANET”, the IT architecture that was selected to send it out of the Company’s network, the quality control undertaken by Meteo France before sending it to the GTS, and future possible use of the data that are envisaged.
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Afigbo, Chukwuemeka, Nusrat Ali, and Steven Muegge. "The Nigerian telecommunications industry: An industry forecast." In 2007 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - EM 2007 (IEMC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemc.2007.5235051.

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"Empowering Telecommunications Competency and Entrepreneurship Development in Africa: A Nigerian Perspective." In 2018 World Engineering Education Forum - Global Engineering Deans Council (WEEF-GEDC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/weef-gedc.2018.8629633.

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Ibiyemi, T. S., M. O. Ajewole, J. S. Ojo, and O. O. Obiyemi. "Rain rate and rain attenuation prediction with experimental rain attenuation efforts in south-western Nigeria." In 2012 20th Telecommunications Forum Telfor (TELFOR). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telfor.2012.6419213.

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Ogbe, Ayibatonye D., and Justus N. Dike. "A critical review of fiber-optics technology development and deployment in the Nigerian telecommunications industry." In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nigercon.2017.8281889.

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Reports on the topic "Telecommunication – Nigeria"

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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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