Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Télédétection par satellite'
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Brisset, Laurence. "La calotte est Antarctique observée par l'altimètre ERS-1 : aspects stationnaire et dynamique." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077178.
Full textPandey, Rajesh Kumar. "Étude des bassins fluviaux en Inde par télédétection." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2406/.
Full textRemote sensing is considered as an important tool to study continental hydrology. Remote sensing observations are used for estimating water level variations in rivers, lakes and flood plains, for mapping of inundation and wetlands and monitoring the spatio-temporal variation of water masses on regional (i. E. At basins scale) to global scale. The objective of this thesis is to analyze observations from various types of satellite missions: radar altimetry, satellite imagery and satellite gravimetry. Satellite Altimetry is used for water stage estimation over inland water bodies. The derived water stage can be used for river discharge estimation, and deriving the river slopes. Altimetry observation combined with satellite imagery is used for determination of surface water volume in flooded zones. In this thesis, altimetry observations are used to derive the water stages in major Indian rivers. Discharge of Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers into Bay of Bengal is also derived. Satellite imagery is used to analyze the flooding in Ganga basin. Altimetry derived result and MODIS imagery are used together in North Bihar in Ganga basin to study the flood dynamics of Kosi. GRACE observations are also used to study the variation of total water storage in the Ganga river basin
Ringard, Justine. "Estimation des précipitations sur le plateau des Guyanes par l'apport de la télédétection satellite." Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0010/document.
Full textThe Guiana Shield is a region that is characterized by 90% of a primary rainforest and about 20% of the world’s freshwater reserves. This natural territory, with its vast hydrographic network, shows annual rainfall intensities up to 4000 mm/year; making this plateau one of the most watered regions in the world. In addition, tropical rainfall is characterized by significant spatial and temporal variability. In addition to climate-related aspects, the impact of rainfall in this region of the world is significant in terms of energy supply (hydroelectric dams). It is therefore important to develop tools to estimate quantitatively and qualitatively and at high spatial and temporal resolution the precipitation in this area. However, this vast geographical area is characterized by a network of poorly developed and heterogeneous rain gauges, which results in a lack of knowledge of the precise spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and their dynamics.The work carried out in this thesis aims to improve the knowledge of precipitation on the Guiana Shield by using Satellite Precipitation Product (SPP) data that offer better spatial and temporal resolution in this area than the in situ measurements, at the cost of poor quality in terms of precision.This thesis is divided into 3 parts. The first part compares the performance of four products of satellite estimates on the study area and attempts to answer the question : what is the quality of these products in the Northern Amazon and French Guiana in spatial and time dimensions ? The second part proposes a new SPP bias correction technique that proceeds in three steps: i) using rain gauges measurements to decompose the studied area into hydro climatic areas ii) parameterizing a bias correction method called quantile mapping on each of these areas iii) apply the correction method to the satellite data for each hydro-climatic area. We then try to answer the following question : does the parameterization of the quantile mapping method on different hydro-climatic areas make it possible to correct the precipitation satellite data on the study area ? After showing the interest of taking into account the different rainfall regimes to implement the QM correction method on SPP data, the third part analyzes the impact of the temporal resolution of the precipitation data used on the quality of the correction and the spatial extent of potentially correctable SPP data (SPP data on which the correction method can be applied effectively). In summary, the objective of this section is to evaluate the ability of our method to correct on a large spatial scale the bias of the TRMM-TMPA 3B42V7 data in order to make the exploitation of this product relevant for different hydrological applications.This work made it possible to correct the daily satellite series with high spatial and temporal resolution on the Guiana Shield using a new approach that uses the definition of hydro-climatic areas. The positive results in terms of reduction of the bias and the RMSE obtained, thanks to this new approach, makes possible the generalization of this new method in sparselygauged areas
Mbengue, Abdou Aziz. "Estimation par satellite de l'humidité spécifique au dessus de l'océan par radiométrie hyperfréquence." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737712.
Full textDambreville, Romain. "Prévision du rayonnement solaire global par télédétection pour la gestion de la production d’énergie photovoltaïque." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT078/document.
Full textTo handle the integration of intermittent energies to the existing grid,managers require more and more acurate tools to forecast the primary resources. This thesisfocuses on the very short term forecast of the global horizontal irradiance (GHI), maininput for most photovoltaic power plant. We chose to use both ground based images fromhemispherical cameras and satellite images to provide a forecating tool. In the first handwe present a novel appraoch to estimate the GHI using ground based images. On secondhand, we propose several satellite based methods to forecast the GHI up to one hour. Finally,we developp a new method allowing us to merge both data in order to benefit from theirrespective advantages. All the methods were tested against real data acquired on the SIRTAsite, Polytechnique campus
Delaunay, Xavier. "Compression d'images satellite par post-transformées dans le domaine ondelettes." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7746/1/delaunay.pdf.
Full textTournadre, Benoît. "Heliosat-V ˸ une méthode polyvalente d’estimation du rayonnement solaire au sol par satellite." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM063.
Full textSolar irradiance at the surface of the Earth is recognized as an essential climate variable by the World Meteorological Organization. Its knowledge is as much important for climate sciences as for the development of energy alternatives to fossil fuels, like solar photovoltaic. Ground measurements of this radiation are very sparse on Earth, explaining the interest for satellite-based remote sensing to estimate it. Combining estimations from different satellites in orbit is a pathway to cover the information on the whole globe. Different generations of satellites also produced a multidecadal imagery of the Earth, making it conceivable to estimate long time series of solar radiation, or even to identify long-term variations, a recurrent objective in the study of climate change. For more than 30 years, Heliosat methods estimate surface solar irradiance from satellite imagery, but they have been designed to be applied to a specific sensor on a geostationary orbit, and have limitations in their scope : the need for a long archive of satellite imagery (Heliosat, Heliosat-2), or else the need for multispectral measurements (Heliosat-4). This work dedicated to the development of a Heliosat-V method brings elements of versatility to the satellite-based estimation from so-called "cloud-index" methods, with the ultimate goal to reach homogeneous data of solar radiation derived from measurements made by different satellite instruments. Two issues are in particular considered here to reach such an estimation: the diversity of sensors in terms of spectral sensitivities, and the influence of viewing and solar geometries on spaceborne measurements. The method extensively deals with radiative transfer modeling in the spectral range 400-1000 nm to simulate on one hand satellite measurements in clear-sky conditions, and on the other hand satellite measurements in the presence of an optically thick cloud. The method is tested on the imagery of a geostationary satellite instrument, Meteosat-9/SEVIRI, and in a more exploratory way, on the non geostationary sensor DSCOVR/EPIC. Results are compared to high quality ground-based measurements of irradiance, and show performances similar to operational satellite products. However, the quality of estimates depends on the spectral channel used, and especially of the presence of clear-sky atmospheric scattering or absorption in the signal measured by the satellite instrument. The accent is also put on the need for an accurate absolute calibration of satellite radiometric measurements in order to produce time series of surface solar irradiance with the smallest biases and temporal drift possible
Beaudoin, Laurent. "Sélection de données satellitales optiques pour la photo-interprétation." Paris, ENST, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENST0042.
Full textRobert-Luciani, Thierry. "Les pluies dans le Frioul : les situations à l'origine de leur abondance : une approche par l'image satellite." Rennes 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN20003.
Full textMachault, Vanessa. "Utilisation de données d'observation de la terre par satellite pour l'évaluation des densités vectorielles et de la transmission du paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20722/document.
Full textDespite national an international efforts, malaria remains a major public health in manycountries and sanitary systems are hindered by the lack of information on the actual burden ofmalaria, on the plasmodium transmission risk and on their geographical distribution.Nevertheless, spatial heterogeneity can be important and in this context, malaria control couldbe improved if could be focused in place and time. On one hand, the environment is a majordeterminant of malaria biodiversity, because of the vectorial transmission and the vectorsbioecological preferences. On another hand, orbiting satellites can provide environmental,climatic and meteorological data that already have been used for the study of infectiousdiseases. “Tele-epidemiology” has been defined as an integrated approach aiming atassociating medical, epidemiological or entomological ground data, with remotely-sensedenvironmental data, based on the in depth comprehension and measurement of the involvedphysical and biological mechanisms. In cities, it has already been possible to highlightassociations between mapped urban settings and malariometric indices, using satellite data atappropriate scales. Among travellers, in the objective to evaluate malaria risk or efficacy ofprophylactic devices, it would be useful to evaluate and predict transmission levels in thevisited places. The objective of the present thesis was to identify environmental factors thatcould be remotely-sensed and that could be used in the evaluation of malaria risk amongtravellers on one hand and in urban settings on the other hand.First, remotely-sensed data have been used to evaluate levels of exposure to malaria risk ofmilitaries, in the scope of a study on their risk factors for clinical malaria. Results haveshowed that, even when taking into account age and compliance to chemoprophylaxis asconfusion factors, the environment was the factor the most strongly associated to clinicalmalaria risk.In parallel, an extensive entomological study has been conducted during five years in Dakarand allowed demonstrating a strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity of malariatransmission in the city. Collected information were centralized in a georeferenced database(GIS - Geographic Information System) containing all entomological, environmental,meteorological, biological and physical data collected on the field or by remote sensing.Finally, modelling of entomological risk in the capital city of Senegal was undertaken, basedon data collected on the ground and environmental data issued from satellites. A first stepshowed the evolution of malaria transmission risk areas and allowed declaring that thefraction of human population that was at high risk for transmission decreased between 1996and 2007. A second step led to the development of 1) a map of the breeding sites with aproductivity indicator in Dakar city, 2) a map of aggressive adult Anopheles densities, and 3)a dynamic aspect was added to those maps, taking into account the variations of theirmeteorological determinants.The results of the work undertaken in this thesis demonstrated that remotely-sensedinformation, associated with a large amount of ground data, allow to adjust predictive models and to draw entomological risk maps, in urban settings or for moving populations
Yaacoub, Rouba. "Résonance optique par effet tunnel en optique atmosphérique : application aux observations par satellite des gouttelettes de nuages." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R001.
Full textThe light interaction with a homogeneous dielectric spherical scatterer (e.g. cloud droplet) of known characteristics (diameter, optical index) is treated, in atmospheric optics, by the Mie's theory. This theory serves, also, in remote sensing to retrieve physical properties of scatterers (inverse problem). Recent studies have showed the importance of tunneling effects in atmospheric optics. They have attribute the implication of tunneling effects in the atmospheric glory which is the circular iridescence that form around the projected shadow of an object on a cloud of water droplets. Precisely, light can penetrate by tunneling into a droplet and produces sharp resonances. According to these studies, the Mie's theory , as used in atmospheric optic, seems to neglect such effects. We have called these resonances by the acronym TOR (Tunneling Optical Resonance). In this thesis, we show that TOR can be solved using a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with an effective potential energy that characterizes the light-droplet interaction and that depends on the refractive index, diameter of the droplet and the incident light's energy. The first main purpose of this thesis is to identify the concept of tunneling and the necessity to introduce it in the Mie's theory. In order to reach this goal, a new method (called transfer matrix method -- TMM) is developed that takes into account the TOR, and allows the identification of the conditions for which TOR occur. The second main purpose, is to compare this method to the Mie's theory and illustrates the differences between them. Our findings show the similarity of the two methods in the case of non-TOR occurrences and disagreement otherwise. This study is performed upon two different cases: (1) a single droplet with a specific diameter and incident energy; (2) a cloud droplet population with a range of diameters from 5 microns to 30 micron for the incident energies of the nine channels (from IR to UV) of the POLDER sensor. For both (1) and (2), cross sections (scattering, extinction and absorption) and the angular distributions of ²the scattered intensity are compared when taking into account the TOR and without considering them. The results are promising and presents a new aspect for addressing light-droplet interaction in atmospheric optics that may affect the inversion problem treatments in remote sensing
Couturier, Stéphane. "Evaluation des erreurs de cartes de végétation avec une approche par ensembles flous et avec la simulation d'images satellite." Toulouse 3, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193828.
Full textIn highly bio-diverse regions, characterized by dynamic landscapes, detailed land use and land cover maps are commonly generated through the classification of remote sensing imagery. Yet, frameworks for the estimation of errors on maps have focused on mainly temperate zones, in highly industrialized countries. We propose a new method for the accuracy assessment of maps and a new method for the systematic estimation of ambiguities on satellite imagery. The first method comprises a novel sampling scheme and a fuzzy sets based framework whereby degrees of positional and thematic tolerance are user defined. The second method is based on structural and optical measurements and the simulation of satellite imagery with the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model. The first method was successfully tested on the Mexican National Forest Inventory map of year 2000 and the second method was successfully tested on real IKONOS imagery of forest cover types on flat and rugged terrain
Cherpeau, Aline. "Télédétection et agroécologie : un essai de cartographie destinée à la gestion des milieux herbacés de haute montagne : application au Parc national des Ecrins." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10106.
Full textMontesinos, Julien. "Traitement d'antenne SDMA pour système de télécommunications par satellite avec couverture dispersée." Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESAE0012.
Full textPostadjian, Tristan. "Vers une occupation du sol France entière par imagerie satellite à très haute résolution." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2018.
Full textFor political or environmental matters, land cover mapping has become more and more important since the beginning of the XXIst century. This mapping consists in, given a set of land cover classes, classifying ground-level objects according to these classes. Adressing very various applications, from a local scale (city-wise) to a more global scale (world-wide), several projects have been initiated so as to build land cover maps that would fit one of these applications. However, the current means to achieve this mapping are mainly manual, leading to high cost of production both in terms of man power and processing time. The task of building relevant land cover maps lies also in being able to monitor various phenomena in time, but acquiring data can be expansive for frequent updates or computation of maps at large scale. Yet, remote sensors have multiplied for the past two decades and the panel of such sensors is very wide and diverse in a spectral way and in terms of resolution. Among them, optical sensors boarded on Earth observation satellites acquire images in the visible and infrared spectrums, with high revisit time capabilities. SPOT 6 and 7 were launched in 2012 and 2014 respectively, and offer very high resolution images at 1.5m, in four bands. The French Mapping Agency computes each year a full France coverage from the SPOT data available through the THEIA data portal. Although this task has been widely studied in the past by the remote sensing community, by the means of supervised classifiers such as SVMs or random forests, none of the results have yet led to truly automated and satisfying maps that match existing specifications due to mislabelling errors that occur too often. In terms of methodology, the deep learning, and more specifically deep neural networks have proved to be far more efficient than other machine learning algorithms in various fields of research, from computer vision to natural language processing and system recommendation. These days, deep learning has become a part of everyday life, not only for academic research purposes, but also it society where it runs in the background of our smartphones for various tasks. Such ubiquity raises ethical issues: in particular, users’ browsing habits and behaviours are often monitored without them knowing to feed these algorithms. This heavy need for data is what allows deep learning to sketch more accurately a user behaviour, thus leading to more suitable commercial offers based on a history of purchases for instance.In our work, the French Mapping Agency topographic databases represent a real opportunity to massively train deep neural networks on the SPOT monoscopic very high resolution images, so as to produce land cover maps. The works reported in this dissertation are focused on this problematic of land cover mapping with deep neural networks on SPOT 6 and 7 data, with the additional constraint of tackling this task in a more general operational environment (large scale land cover mapping). This latter point ensures that the conducted experiments address occurring questions when classifying large geographic areas. For instance, a specific SPOT coverage is made of one image per territory, which means adjacent areas can have been acquired at different dates, leading to strong appearance discrepancies. Transfer learning is a tool that can help a lot in lots of scenarii so as to reduce both time computation and needs for training samples. Finally, in a context of the automatic update or re-computation of existing topographic database, the use of aerial images in deep neural networks is assessed in several tasks, with an emphasis on the training dataset conception from topographic database that can include some drawbacks
Rivier, Aurélie. "Dynamique des matières en suspension minérales des eaux de surface de la Manche observée par satellite et modélisée numériquement." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016236.
Full textAlvain, Séverine. "Etude de la distribution des principaux groupes de phytoplancton par télédétection satellitaire : développement de la méthode PHYSAT à partir des données GeP&CO et application à l'archive SEAWIFS entre 1998 et 2004." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00157372.
Full textShin, Hongkyoon. "Les activités commerciales dans l'espace extra-atmosphérique et les justifications par rapport au principe de respect des intérêts de l'humanité." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010274.
Full textStarting from an abstract legal terms rooted deeply in political considerations, the idea of using the outer space for the benefit of all mankind has been developed into being a legally binding principle. While being asserted divers expressions, it is the principle of respect of humankind's interest which might in the best way represent this idea. Legal construction of principle has been done mainly in three contexts; theories about space law, various space applications, and management of natural space resources. Non-discriminatory distribution of the benefit from space technology has been endorsed as the best way to promote humankind's interest so that it is reflected in legal terms in many space related national laws and international documents. Commercialization of space activities brings about renewing of the meaning of the principle. In that respect, status of commercial activity in outer space is analyzed, in that the regime of distribution of the benefit in the system of pursuit of the profit by private entity is different from that in public service system. In conclusion, the identical feature of space law lies in the application of the principle to space activities
Couturier, Stéphane. "EVALUATION DES ERREURS DE CARTES DE VEGETATION AVEC UNE APPROCHE PAR ENSEMBLES FLOUS ET AVEC LA SIMULATION D'IMAGES SATELLITE." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193828.
Full textUne nouvelle méthode est proposée pour l'évaluation de la fiabilité des cartes et une autre méthode pour l'estimation des erreurs de classification par ambiguïtés entre classes sur images satellites. La première méthode comprend un nouveau mode d'échantillonnage et une estimation par ensembles flous des incertitudes positionnelles et thématiques. Elle a été testée sur l'Inventaire Forestier Mexicain de l'an 2000. La deuxième méthode s'appuie sur la simulation d'images satellites avec le modèle de transfert radiatif DART et a été testée sur des images IKONOS de six types de forêts au Mexique, sur terrain plat et en forte pente
Galle, Sylvie. "Analyse des champs spatiaux par utilisation de la télédétection : estimation de la durée quotidienne d'insolation en France à l'aide d'images du satellite Météosat et de mesures sol." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694114.
Full textMarchand, Nicolas. "Suivi de la température de surface du sol en zones de pergélisol Arctique par l'utilisation de données de télédétection satellite assimilées dans le schéma de surface du modèle climatique canadien (CLASS)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU018/document.
Full textRecent studies showed that global warming in arctic areas, as twice as important in northern high latitudes than in the rest of the world, growed the thickness of the surface active layer in permafrost areas (superficial layer of the soil that thaws during summer period). This surface modification could have a major environmental impact on soil carbon release, hydrology, ecosystems, and permafrost. It already starts to have socio-economical impacts on north community infrastructures. The project's goal is to use a new microwave satellite database that has just been developed for the analysis of surface temperatures and changes in permafrost in Canada, Alaska over the past 30 years. One of the specific goals of the project is to develop a method to characterize changes in the surface active layer in permafrost areas by the assimilation of space observations in a heat flow model in the soil. The evolution of the extension of permafrost areas derived will be analyzed according to the coverage of soil and the dynamics of snow cover, two parameters also derived by satellite. Possibility of model validation by ground measurements with a microwaves radiometers. This project combines theoretical development, modeling and image processing on different scientific fields (physics of remote sensing measurement, Geophysics of the Environment, ecosystems, soil science)
Pham-Duc, Binh. "Satellite remote sensing of the variability of the continental hydrology cycle in the lower Mekong basin over the last two decades." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS024/document.
Full textSurface water is essential for all forms of life since it is involved in almost all processes of life on Earth. Quantifying and monitoring surface water and its variations are important because of the strong connections between surface water, other hydrological components (groundwater and soil moisture, for example), and the changing climate system. Satellite remote sensing of land surface hydrology has shown great potential in studying hydrology from space at regional and global scales. In this thesis, different techniques using several types of satellite estimates have been made to study the variation of surface water, as well as other hydrological components in the lower Mekong basin (located in Vietnam and Cambodia) over the last two decades. This thesis focuses on four aspects. First, the use of visible/infrared MODIS/Terra satellite observations to monitor surface water in the lower Mekong basin is investigated. Four different classification methods are applied, and their results of surface water maps show similar seasonality and dynamics. The most suitable classification method, that is specially designed for tropical regions, is chosen to produce regular surface water maps of the region at 500 m spatial resolution, from January 2001 to present time. Compared to reference data, the MODIS-derived surface water time series show the same amplitude, and very high temporal correlation for the 2001-2007 period (> 95%). Second, the use of SAR Sentinel-1 satellite observations for the same objective is studied. Optical satellite data are replaced by SAR satellite data to benefit the ability of their microwave wavelengths to pass through clouds. Free-cloud Landsat-8 satellite imagery are set as targets to train and optimize a Neural Network (NN). Predicted surface water maps (30 m spatial resolution) are built for the studied region from January 2015 to present time, by applying a threshold (0.85) to the output of the NN. Compared to reference free-cloud Landsat-8 surface water maps, results derived from the NN show high spatial correlation (_90%), as well as true positive detection of water pixels (_90%). Predicted SAR surface water maps are also compared to floodability maps derived from topography data, and results show high consistency between the two independent maps with 98% of SAR-derived water pixels located in areas with a high probability of inundation (>60%). Third, the surface water volume variation is calculated as the product of the surface water extent and the surface water height. The two components are validated with other hydrological products, and results show good consistencies. The surface water height are linearly interpolated over inundated areas to build monthly maps at 500 m spatial resolution, then are used to calculate changes in the surface water volume. Results show high correlations when compared to variation of the total land surface water volume derived from GRACE data (95%), and variation of the in situ discharge estimates (96%). Fourth, two monthly global multi-satellite surface water products (GIEMS & SWAMPS) are compared together over the 1993-2007 period at regional and global scales. Ancillary data are used to support the analyses when available. Similar temporal dynamics of global surface water are observed when compared GIEMS and SWAMPS, but _50% of the SWAMPS inundated surfaces are located along the coast line. Over the Amazon and Orinoco basins, GIEMS and SWAMPS have very high water surface time series correlations (95% and 99%, respectively), but SWAMPS maximum water extent is just a half of what observed from GIEMS and SAR estimates. SWAMPS fails to capture surface water dynamics over the Niger basin since its surface water seasonality is out of phase with both GIEMS- and MODIS-derived water extent estimates, as well as with in situ river discharge data
Chesnel, Anne-Lise. "Quantification de dégâts sur le bâti liés aux catastrophes majeures par images satellite multimodales très haute résolution." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004211.
Full textBeaulieu, Christian 1969. "Du droit à la vie privée et de la protection des droits d'auteur : concepts et impacts sur les activités de télédétection par satellite en droits international, américain et canadien." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23953.
Full textRegniers, Olivier. "Méthodes d'analyse de texture pour la cartographie d'occupations du sol par télédetection très haute résolution : application à la fôret, la vigne et les parcs ostréicoles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0284/document.
Full textThe prime objective of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of multivariate probabilistic models applied on wavelet subbands for the classification of very high resolution remote sensing optical data. Three main applications are investigated in this study: the differentiation of age classes of maritime pine forest stands, the detection of vineyards and the detection of oyster fields. One main contribution includes the proposal of an original supervised and object-oriented classification scheme based on similarity measurements adapted to the context of probabilistic modeling. This scheme involves the creation of a database of texture patches for the learning step and a pre-segmentation of the image to classify. The tested multivariate models were first evaluated in an image retrieval framework. The best models identified in this procedure were then applied in the proposed image processing scheme. In the three proposed thematic applications, multivariate models revealed remarkable abilities to represent the texture and reached higher classification accuracies than the method based on co-occurrence matrices. These results confirm the interest of the multi-scale and multi-orientation representation of textures through the wavelet transform, as well as the relevance of the multivariate modeling of wavelet coefficients
Lafont, Damien. "Prise en compte des hétérogénéités dans la restitution de l'eau nuageuse et des précipitations par radiométrie micro-onde passive." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009275.
Full textPham-Duc, Binh. "Satellite remote sensing of the variability of the continental hydrology cycle in the lower Mekong basin over the last two decades." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS024.pdf.
Full textSurface water is essential for all forms of life since it is involved in almost all processes of life on Earth. Quantifying and monitoring surface water and its variations are important because of the strong connections between surface water, other hydrological components (groundwater and soil moisture, for example), and the changing climate system. Satellite remote sensing of land surface hydrology has shown great potential in studying hydrology from space at regional and global scales. In this thesis, different techniques using several types of satellite estimates have been made to study the variation of surface water, as well as other hydrological components in the lower Mekong basin (located in Vietnam and Cambodia) over the last two decades. This thesis focuses on four aspects. First, the use of visible/infrared MODIS/Terra satellite observations to monitor surface water in the lower Mekong basin is investigated. Four different classification methods are applied, and their results of surface water maps show similar seasonality and dynamics. The most suitable classification method, that is specially designed for tropical regions, is chosen to produce regular surface water maps of the region at 500 m spatial resolution, from January 2001 to present time. Compared to reference data, the MODIS-derived surface water time series show the same amplitude, and very high temporal correlation for the 2001-2007 period (> 95%). Second, the use of SAR Sentinel-1 satellite observations for the same objective is studied. Optical satellite data are replaced by SAR satellite data to benefit the ability of their microwave wavelengths to pass through clouds. Free-cloud Landsat-8 satellite imagery are set as targets to train and optimize a Neural Network (NN). Predicted surface water maps (30 m spatial resolution) are built for the studied region from January 2015 to present time, by applying a threshold (0.85) to the output of the NN. Compared to reference free-cloud Landsat-8 surface water maps, results derived from the NN show high spatial correlation (_90%), as well as true positive detection of water pixels (_90%). Predicted SAR surface water maps are also compared to floodability maps derived from topography data, and results show high consistency between the two independent maps with 98% of SAR-derived water pixels located in areas with a high probability of inundation (>60%). Third, the surface water volume variation is calculated as the product of the surface water extent and the surface water height. The two components are validated with other hydrological products, and results show good consistencies. The surface water height are linearly interpolated over inundated areas to build monthly maps at 500 m spatial resolution, then are used to calculate changes in the surface water volume. Results show high correlations when compared to variation of the total land surface water volume derived from GRACE data (95%), and variation of the in situ discharge estimates (96%). Fourth, two monthly global multi-satellite surface water products (GIEMS & SWAMPS) are compared together over the 1993-2007 period at regional and global scales. Ancillary data are used to support the analyses when available. Similar temporal dynamics of global surface water are observed when compared GIEMS and SWAMPS, but _50% of the SWAMPS inundated surfaces are located along the coast line. Over the Amazon and Orinoco basins, GIEMS and SWAMPS have very high water surface time series correlations (95% and 99%, respectively), but SWAMPS maximum water extent is just a half of what observed from GIEMS and SAR estimates. SWAMPS fails to capture surface water dynamics over the Niger basin since its surface water seasonality is out of phase with both GIEMS- and MODIS-derived water extent estimates, as well as with in situ river discharge data
Koshelev, Dmitry. "First ground based FTIR-TCCON measurements of CO2 in a European megacity : comparison with a rural site and validation of satellite measurements." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS426.
Full textTotal Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a global network of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers which monitor column-averaged abundances (Xgas) of atmospheric gases by direct solar absorption spectroscopy. TCCON-Paris is the first European TCCON site operated in a megacity, located in the centre of Paris. The manuscript first describes the instrument and the characterisation of its performance. The instrumental line shape is investigated by using low-pressure HCl gas cell measurements. The instrument stability is determined by using the Allan variance approach. We have participated in a blind intercomparison test of measuring N2O gas columns in low-pressure cells. The results of our analysis have helped to identify an error in the référencé measurements. An overview of the GGG software package used by TCCON is given. Quality control procedure and biult-in filters are discussed. Different acquisition setups are compared in order to improve the precision of TCCON-Paris measurements. We investigate, as much CO2 a priori profiles provided by GGG are suited to retrieve CO2 abundances in Paris. From complementary CO2 in-situ and LIDAR measurements at the TCCON-Paris station, we construct improved CO2 a priori profiles that comply with the local ground conditions. An overview of the method and discussion of the sensitivity and biases of the retrieved XCO2 are given. Mobile, low-resolution instruments (EM27/SUN) used to allow the intercalibration of distant TCCON instruments. EM27/SUN was used as a transferable reference between the TCCON-Orleans and TCCON-Paris sites. Differences in retrieved XCO2 between EM27/SUN and TCCON are discussed
Mondet, Jean. "Etude des paramètres de surface de la calotte polaire antarctique, dans les domaines spectraux du visible et du proche infrarouge, à partir des données de l'instrument de télédétection POLDER." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766029.
Full textCheruy, Frédérique. "Variations diurnes du flux ondes-longues sortant determinees par observation satellitaire." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077121.
Full textAnantharajah, Anusanth. "Spectroscopie infrarouge lointain et moyen à haute résolution par transformée de Fourier de molécules complexes d’intérêt atmosphérique : ClNO₂, Cl₂CO et ClONO₂." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2020. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/ANANTHARAJAH_Anusanth_va2.pdf.
Full textMeasuring concentrations of trace species that may have a significant impact on health, climate or the stability of the ozone layer, is a serious challenge. Future space missions, planned at high sensitivity, will bring progress if and only if the necessary spectral parameters are available. For some species of atmospheric interest such as nitryl chloride (ClNO₂), phosgene (Cl₂CO) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO₂), spectroscopic data are incomplete or almost non-existent. The challenge in this thesis is to get spectroscopic parameters (line positions and intensities or absorption cross sections) for these species in support of atmospheric applications. However, apart from Cl₂CO, spectroscopy of ClNO₂ and ClONO₂ is made difficult by their very complicated chemical synthesis, their reactivity with metals and organic materials, and their instability in the presence of light and heat. Moreover, these molecules are quite heavy (presence of chlorine with its two isotopomers) and exhibit dense spectra that are quite complicated by numerous perturbations affecting vibration-rotation levels.In the case of ClNO₂, spectra were recorded in the range 300 – 900 cm-1 with much improved experimental conditions (high resolution, low temperature, long path, low pressure) using the synchrotron radiation of the AILES beamline at SOLEIL. Precise modelling of the 370 and 790 cm-1 regions has been performed. These regions could be used for a future atmospheric remote sensing by FTIR spectroscopy respectively by FORUM and IASI-NG instruments. The low energy vibrations of ClONO₂ that have been never observed at high resolution before this work were also measured. A first modelling of the torsional region around 120 cm-1 is presented in this thesis. The analysis of these vibrations will be useful for the modelling of hot bands in the atmospheric windows where ClONO₂ is currently detected, and in fine will lead to a much more precise retrieval of the ClONO₂ concentration profile. Regarding Cl₂CO, cross sections have been measured at LISA, on one hand, at room temperature to compare data with previous works and, on the other, in stratospheric conditions to support satellite remote sensing applications
Vidal, Alain. "Estimation de l'évapotranspiration par télédétection : application au contrôle de l'irrigation." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20234.
Full textNiyonkuru, Apollinaire. "Les bas-fonds du Bugesera (Burundi) : de l'inventaire au suivi par télédétection." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20012.
Full textThe episodes of climatic severity, the impoverishment of the soil on slopes and the demographic pressure has led the Burundi peasants to conquer new, still humid fields in shallow lands in order to cultivate them. The chemical quality of these fields is good and water is available. They represent an interesting economic alternative for the Burundi peasants who can develop here a safety or revenue production (sorghum, corn, rice, bananas, sweet potato, market gardening). During the dry season, it is a grazing area, which offers also interesting possibilities for market gardening, arboriculture and out-of-season cultures. The agricultural development of these zones constitutes one of the possible answers to the current crisis of traditional production systems. However, the shallow lands, temporarily flooded zones and subject of an increasing exploitation, are fragile and easily degradable ecosystems. The intensive changes of soil occupation produce negative impacts on the environment, in particular on the degradation of the habitat of many species and the questioning of the ecological functions which they provide. By remote sensing using multi date satellite pictures (Landsat TM and ETM+ from 1984 and 2007), a highlighting and a monitoring of these changes have been made in the Bugesera area (province of Kirundo, Burundi). However, the possibility of operating at medium spatial resolution images is limited by the fragmentation of land in this agro-ecological zone of Bugesera. Consequently our methodological approach is based on post-classification that allows to quantify the changes and to indicate the nature of them. We could show that the cultivated shallow land surface increases to the detriment of marshy zones and lakes. The results show an increase of the cultivated marsh surfaces between 1984 and 2007 of about 8 % and a reduction of surface water of 0. 3% on regional scale while these percentages are respectively about 11 % and 7. 2% on a local scale (neighbourhood of Gacamirinda and Rwihinda lakes). Despite the problems of radiometric confusion, mainly caused by the split of the agricultural matrix, this study shows that the TM and ETM + images, used in conjunction with map data, provide useful information on changes to policy makers. The use higher spatial resolution images would refine results
Aoun, Youva. "Evaluation de la sensibilité de l’instrument FCI à bord du nouveau satellite Meteosat Troisième Génération imageur (MTG-I) aux variations de la quantité d’aérosols d’origine désertique dans l’atmosphère." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM030/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with a methodology to assess the capabilities of future spaceborne instruments. The case study is the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) of the future Meteosat Third Generation Imaging mission (MTG - I), and in particular its ability to detect variations in load of desert aerosols in a realistically variable atmosphere. A better understanding of the behavior of these aerosols is part of regularly expressed needs for the study of the climate, weather forecast or assessment of the solar resource in arid areas such as the Sahara. This type of aerosols is abundant in the atmosphere. Their physical and chemical properties make them distinguishable from other types of aerosols such as those resulting from anthropogenic pollution, especially as they are emitted in areas protected from contamination by these other types. They therefore represent a simple case study to validate the methodology developed in this thesis.The methodology is to provide a simulator of the view of the instrument to perform a large number of simulations of the radiance measured under different atmospheric conditions and ground albedo, to analyze the results in order to quantify the influence of each variable in the variation of radiance, and then conclude on the capabilities of detection through a test of detectability taking into account the characteristics of the instrument.The developed simulator was validated by comparison against actual measurements of the SEVIRI instruments onboard Meteosat Second Generation satellites. The main innovation lies in the use of the global sensitivity analysis approach (GSA). The latter quantifies the influence of each variable separately as well as their crossed terms. Cumulative distribution functions were computed from actual observations and allow a realistic sensitivity analysis of the instrument. The GSA is also used to compute functional representation of the influence of one or more variables on the variability of the observed signal. The usefulness of such representations is discussed for various applications in remote sensing
Audrain, Virginie. "Méthodologie d'actualisation de documents cartographiques thématiques par télédétection aérienne et satellitaire." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010629.
Full textThe bassin d'Apt (Provence-France) land cover map of 1985 is updated using 1986 spot images. The updating methodology so created and tested involves the combination of satellite, aerial and cartographical data. The reference land cover map at the 1 25000 scale is established by photo-interpretation in order to obtain the land parcel system with a fine geometric definition. The map is then digitized and superimposed onto spot images preprocessed at level 3. The method presents two specific points. The first one is the creation of new spot bands. Each band is parcellized applying the land parcel system image and the mixed pixels located at the edge of the parcels are suppressed. The second point is the superimposition of the mask of each land cover category (1985) on the modified spot bands. Thresholding and minimum distance classification are employed. A set of three radiometric tools are used to guide the digital image processing. They are derived from ground observations. The typically Mediterranean constraints of the target area explains the 80% accuracy obtained. .
Bastos, Lage Lorène. "Analyse de la déforestation par télédétection spatiale dans l'Etat de Rondonia (Brésil)." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30040.
Full textGNAMIEN-D'ALMEIDA, BRIGITTE P. "Etude des lignes de grains africaines par imagerie satellitaire." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077200.
Full textSerendero, Mary Alín. "Extraction d'informations symboliques en imagerie SPOT : réseaux de communication et agglomérations." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4322.
Full textDubucq, Michel. "Identification et cartographie par télédétection des sols érodés : application au Lauragais toulousain (Sud-Ouest France)." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30208.
Full textValette, J. J. "Analyse du positionnement terrestre par le système DORIS et évaluation de ses performances : application géophysique à un rift en Afar." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30110.
Full textOmri, Monia. "Les décharges clandestines de la plaine de Venise (Italie) : essai de localisation par télédétection." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010632.
Full textBonnefond, Pascal. "Méthode géométrique de trajectographie par arcs courts : application à l'analyse des mesures altimétriques des satellites Topex/Poseidon et ERS-1 en Méditerranée." Observatoire de Paris, 1994. https://hal.science/tel-02095267.
Full textMuljosukojo, Bangun. "Analyse écologique des mangroves de Java (Indonésie) et cartographie par télédétection satellitaire." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30264.
Full textTarayre, Hélène. "Extraction de modèles numériques de terrain par interférométrie radar satellitaire : algorithmie et artefacts atmosphériques." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT022H.
Full textGabrel, Virginie. "Méthodologie pour la planification de la production de systèmes d'observation de la terre par satellites : aspects algorithmiques et multicritères." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090035.
Full textKerr, Yann H. B. "Echanges énergétiques à l'interface sol-atmosphère par télédétection : complémentarités des différents domaines de longueurs d'ondes." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30109.
Full textLandier, Lucas. "Modélisation 3D du bilan radiatif des milieux urbains par inversion d'images satellites en cartes de réflectance et de température des matériaux urbains." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30139/document.
Full textOptical remote-sensing imagery provide a unique and very needed information, but still a partial one, because only in the observation configuration of the satellite sensor (i.e. viewing direction and spectral bands), whereas Q* is an integrated quantity over all the directions and over the whole shortwave (Qsw*) and longwave (Qlw*) spectral domain. These integrations applied to satellite images are very complicated because of the complexity of the urban tri-dimensional (3D) architecture, and because of the urban materials temperature and optical properties spatial heterogeneity. Over the course of this PhD, an innovative approach has been conceived in order to achieve those integrations and thus obtain temporal series of Q* maps at the spatial resolution of the used satellite sensors (i.e. Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, etc.). This approach is using solely a 3D radiative transfer model, satellite images, and a geometrical urban database including the topology, the urban constructions (i.e. buildings, roads, etc.) and the vegetation (i.e. trees, gardens, etc.). Schematically speaking, the radiative transfer model DART (www.cesbio.ups-tlse/dart), developed at CESBIO, is used in inverse mode in order to transform satellite images into urban materials optical properties and temperature maps, and then in direct mode in order to compute radiative budget Q*Δλ maps for each spectral band of the used satellite sensor. Then, the spectral integral of those Q*Δλ maps leads to the desired Q* maps. Each temporal series of Qsw* maps is then generated efficiently from direct albedo maps (i.e. black sky albedo) and diffuse (i.e. white sky albedo) pre-computed using DART from the geometrical urban database of the considered city and optical properties derived from the closest satellite image. These maps are complemented by external thermal data for the computation of the temporal series. This method has been conceived and refined using 3 cities with very varying geometries and optical properties: London (United- Kingdom), Basel (Switzerland), and Heraklion (Greece). The H2020 project URBANFLUXES of the European Community used the simulated Q* maps in order to estimate the urban anthropogenic heat fluxes using the derivation of urban energy budget computed from satellite imagery. The precision of the developed method has been estimated using the relative error ER between the radiance images simulated by DART and measured by satellite sensors (ER<2% for any spectral band) and the relative error EQ* between Q* simulated and measured by flux towers. For the year 2016, |EQ*|< 4.5% for 321 Q* maps over Basel, and |EQ*|< 4.4% for 278 London Q* maps. This capacity of deriving from satellite imagery precis Q* maps is really promising in light of the always increasing availability of urban geometrical databases, of high resolution temporal series of satellite images, and of the improvement of 3D radiative transfer modeling
Delvit, Jean-Marc. "Évaluation de la résolution d'un instrument optique par une méthode neuronale : application à une image quelconque de télédétection." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ESAE0010.
Full textDavranche, Aurélie. "Suivi de la gestion des zones humides camarguaises par télédétection en référence à leur intérêt avifaunistique." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292694.
Full textWajeman, Nathalie. "Observation des discontinuités du manteau terrestre par des méthodes sismologiques : Etude des phases de la coda de l'onde P directe." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30212.
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