Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Télédétection radar'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Télédétection radar.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Phan, Thi Hoa. "Suivi des surfaces rizicoles par télédétection radar." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30328/document.
Full textRice is the primary staple food of more than half of world’s population and plays an especially important role in global economy, food security, water use and climate change. The objective of this thesis was to develop methods for rice monitoring based on Sentinel-1 data and to effectively use the mapping products in various applications concerning food security and global environment. Specifically, the study aims at providing tools for observation of the rice cultivation systems, by generating products such as map of rice planted area, map of rice start-of-season and phenological stages, and map of rice crop intensity, together with rice crop parameters such as category of rice varieties (long or short cycle), and plant height. The information to be provided is necessary for the estimation of crop production, and for the management of rice ecosystems at the regional scale. We also investigated on how the products derived from EO Sentinel-1 data can be integrated in process-based models for rice production estimation and methane emission estimation. The test region is one of the world’s major rice regions: the Mekong River Delta, in Vietnam. This region presents a diversity in rice cultivation practices, in cropping density, from single to triple crop a year, and in crop calendar. The first step was to understand the temporal variation of the backscatter Sentinel-1 backscatter of rice fields, at VH and VV polarizations. For this purpose, in-situ data have been collected on 60 fields during 2 years, for the 5 rice seasons. It was found that backscatter time series of rice fields show very specific temporal behavior, with respect to other land use land cover types. The temporal and polarization variations of the rice backscatter have been interpreted with respect to physical interaction mechanisms to relate the backscatter dynamics to the key phenological stages, when the plants change its morphology and biomass. Because the same trend of temporal curves was observed over 5 rice seasons, it was possible to derive a mean curve to be used in the methodology developed for detecting rice phenology, and deriving information such as the date of sowing, the rice varieties of long and short duration cycle, or plant height, at each SAR acquisition date. The methods have been developed and applied to the Mekong delta. Products validation provides a good agreement with the reference data sets: 98% in rice/non-rice accuracy, the sowing dates RMSE of about 4 days, plant height RMSE of 7.8 cm, the long/short variety map has 91.7% accuracy and for phenology, only one season has been processed with good detection rate of 59/60. Finally, the use of the rice monitoring products as inputs in two process-based models was assessed. The models are ORYZA2000 for rice production estimation and DNDC for methane emission and water demand estimation. Sentinel-1 data retrieved information (sowing date, phenology, long/short variety, plant height) were used as model inputs, giving good agreement with the results making use of ground survey only. Based on the two process models with inputs from Sentinel-1 data, it was possible to have an integrated result on rice yield, water use, and methane emissions. The preliminary results show a good potential for the optimization of water management in rice fields in order to reduce water use and GHG emission, without reducing the yield. To achieve the objective which is the effective use of Sentinel-1 data for rice monitoring for food security and global environment, more works need to be done concerning the consolidation of the rice monitoring method development and the integration of Sentinel-1 derived information in models aiming at estimating and predicting rice production, methane emission and water use
Hammoud, Bilal. "Détection de pollution maritime en utilisant un télédétection radar." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT128.
Full textOil spill in sea water is one of the main accidents that adversely affect the maritime environment for a long period of time. It is crucial to have oil spill detecting and monitoring systems to have quick intervention to contain the danger. Such systems use several techniques and sensors, where most recent ones are those done remotely using satellite and airborne systems. The European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) launched in 2016 the need to use a complementary system, using drones, to the present satellite maritime surveillance systems.In our work, we propose the use of the drones for oil spill detection system. The drone-based radar will allow quick assessment and real time data processing of the area where the flag of possible spills is raised by witnesses. Parallelization in scanning can be used to cover large area in a critical time. Furthermore, scanning with drones provides high spatial resolution compared to satellite and with a principal advantage of relative low cost compared to dedicated airborne detection systems. Drones can be designated as nadir-looking systems (transmit and receive at zero angle from the normal). Being largely independent of surface roughness, the returns from nadir (or near-nadir) systems will benefit from the dominance of the specular scattering and allow detection even in very low wind conditions. The same conditions are considered to be unsuitable for detection using other recent techniques.In this thesis, we present a new probabilistic approach which uses nadir-looking wide-band radar for oil spill detection applications. The proposed approach combines a single layer scattering model with Bayesian statistics in order to evaluate the probability of detection of oil slicks, within a plausible range of thicknesses, on seawater. We present a framework of algorithms that utilize measurements of the reflectivity value to detect oil spills. The framework supports one or more measurements collected at single or multiple frequencies in the C-band and X-band. Performance analysis of all three types of detectors (single, dual- and tri-frequency) is done. The analysis for the results obtained from both flat- and rough- surfaces interface is also presented.We complement the detection-algorithms by a new approach targeting the estimation of the oil slick thickness. We present Maximum Likelihood single-, dual- and multi-frequency estimators. The latter use Minimum-Euclidean distance algorithm, in pre-defined 1-D, 2-D or K-D constellation sets, on simulated reflectivities to estimate the thickness of the oil slick. The derived algorithms are presented and tested using Monte-Carlo simulation.To be able to move forward to prototypes and real applications, the results need experimental validation. Therefore, we also present a fast and efficient method for the remote extraction of the power reflection coefficients on multilayer structure modeling an oil spill on the top surface of sea water. Experimental results obtained are analyzed and compared to theoretical calculations
Nezry, Edmond. "Restauration de la réflectivité radar pour l'utilisation conjointe des images radar et optiques en télédétection." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30277.
Full textMougin, Eric. "Télédétection de la végétation par micro-ondes : mesure et modélisation des effets des paramètres du couvert sur la propagation et la rétrodiffusion des ondes radar." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT025A.
Full textBesic, Nikola. "Séparation aveugle des sources polarimétriques en télédétection RSO satellitaire à très haute résolution spatiale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT118/document.
Full textThis thesis comprises two research axes. The first, being rather methodological, consists of our efforts to answer some of the open questions in the POLSAR community, while the latter is sooner related to the specific application - the remote sensing of snow.Following the alternative statistical modelling of highly textured multivariate SAR datasets by means of SIRV model, we propose the appropriate assessment of, otherwise assumed, cir- cularity and sphericity parameters. The last is coupled with the spherical symmetry test, forming a method for the evaluation of SIRV statistical model suitability in the context of POLSAR data. Given the rejection rate, challenging circularity and sphericity appears to be justified, while SIRV model pertinence must be doubted in the regions characterized by strong deterministic scattering. Further on, as the highlight of this thesis, we propose a po- larimetric incoherent target decomposition, based on ICA and founded on the hypothesis of non-Gaussianity of POLSAR clutter. By exploiting the information contained in the higher statistical orders, this decomposition provides at the output a set of mutually independent (rather than only decorrelated), non-orthogonal target vectors. Unlike the first dominant com- ponent, which is nearly identical to the one estimated by the conventional ICTD counterpart, the second dominant component differs significantly, which, as we anticipate, represents an additional potential for the POLSAR datasets interpretation.In the applied context, the first presented contribution would be a stochastic approach in snow mapping by means of multitemporal SAR datasets. The most notable supplements of the presented method to the ensemble of change detection techniques in snow mapping are the plausibly modified assumption of the wet/dry snow backscattering ratio and implicitly introduced spatial correlation between wet snow areas, achieved by directly implicating local speckle statistics in the decision process. Finally, we present the non-autonomous method for SWE spatial estimation, based on optical datasets. By successfully involving the remote sensing datasets in the calibration of the external SWE model, we seek to demonstrate the utility and the necessity of the former in the snow pack monitoring
Ova teza podrazumijeva dva pravca istraživanja. Prvi, metodološki, predstavlja naše naporeda odgovorimo na neka od otvorenih pitanja u POLSAR zajednici, dok je drugi vezan zaspecifičnu aplikaciju - teledetekciju sniježnog pokrivača.Uzevši u obzir alternativno statističko modelovanje multivarijantnih SAR slika visoke rezolucijekoristeći SIRV model, mi predlažemo odgovarajuću estimaciju, uostalom pretpostavljenihparametara cirkularnosti i sfernosti. Integrišući posljednju u test sferne simetrije, formiranje metod za evaluaciju prikladnosti statističkog modela SIRV u kontekstu POLSAR slikavisoke rezolucije. Posmatrajući stopu odbacivanja, sumnja u opravdanost pretpostavke cirkularnostii sfernosti se čini opravdanom, dok pogodnost SIRV modela mora biti preispitana uregionima koje karakteriše jako determinističko elektromagnetno rasijanje. U nastavku, kaoprimarni doprinos ove teze, predlažemo polarimetrijsku nekoherentnu dekompoziciju mete,koja je bazirana na ICA metodu i zasnovana na hipotezi o otklonu od Gausove prirode POLSARclutter -a. Eksploatišući informaciju sadržanu u višim statističkim redovima, predloženadekompozicija daje na izlazu set međusobno nezavisnih (prije nego samo nekorelisanih), neortogonalnihvektora mete. Za razliku od prve dominante komponente, koja je skoro identičnakomponenti estimiranoj koristeći konvencionalnu ICTD metodu, druga dominanta komponentase značajno razlikuje, što predstavlja dodatan potencijal u interpretaciji POLSAR slika.Prvi prezentovani doprinos u primijenjenom kontekstu bio bi stohastički metod za mapiranjesniježnog pokrivača baziran na multitemporalnom setu SAR slika. Najznačajniji priloziprezentovane metode grupi tehnika "detekcije promjene" u mapiranju sniježnog pokrivača suopravdano promijenjena pretpostavka o količniku povratnog rasijanja djelimično otopljenog isuvog snijega, kao i implicitno uvedeno prostorna korelacija između regiona djelimično otopljenogsnijega, postignuta direktnim uvođenjem lokalne statistike speckle šuma u proces odlučivanja.Konačno, predlažemo neautonomni metod za prostornu estimaciju SWE parametra,zasnovan na optičkim slikama. Uspješno inflitrirajući teledetekciju u kalibraciju eksternogSWE modela, imamo za cilj demonstrirati njenu korisnost i neophodnost u monitoringu sniježnogpokrivača
Belhadj, Zied. "Apport de la polarisation multifréquence pour la classification en télédétection radar." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2056.
Full textCarvalho, Fred Calim. "Hydrocalc : calculateur temps réel de la lame d'eau par radar." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112281.
Full textMarzouki, Abdelwaheb. "Segmentation statistique d'images radar." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-304.pdf.
Full textKabeche, Fadela. "Développement d'une méthode de détection de la turbulence atmosphérique par radar aéroporté en bande X." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0049.
Full textWe focus on this thesis on the definition, development and evaluation of a method that we call DTCOR (Detection of Convective Turbulence by Radar). This method detects in real time the turbulent structures whose sizes are between 300m and 3km, using an airborne X-band Doppler radar. This work is realized in the frame of an industrial project whose goal is the development of a new concept of radar that would be implemented on the airliners. The technique is based on a variational formalism with physical constraints in order to obtain the wind field and its derivatives. This method is evaluated on two sets of data (radial velocities and reflectivities), the first one synthesized from analytical form representing the main features of these turbulent structures (wavelength and amplitude) and the second on real data from a campaign of airborne observations
Marguin-Lortic, Marie-Claude. "Les Données radar en télédétection : approche théorique et application sur la région niortaise." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0014.
Full textRadar data, as yet not very well-known, are rarely used for the purpose of land systems and soil occupation studies. The objectives of this thesis are : 1) to familiarize remote sensing users with this new data, 2) to increase the understanding of backscattering through the analysis and interpretation of a seasat picture (21. 08. 1978) in the south of the deux-sevres department (france). The performances of the s. A. R. Of seasat are tested by using three different approaches : - the land systems, - the land units, - the forestry units and cultivated fields. A comparison is made between s. A. R. Seasat and m. S. S. Landsat in order to show their complementarity
Mazeh, Fatme. "Modélisation Numérique de la Réponse du Radar à la Neige pour Mesurer sa Profondeur avec la Technique de la Rétrodiffusion Multiple." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT055/document.
Full textStudy of snow is an important domain of research in hydrology and meteorology. It has been demonstrated that snow physical properties can be retrieved using active microwave sensors. This requires an understanding of the interaction between electromagnetic (EM) waves with natural media. The objective of this work is two-fold: to study numerically all physical forward models concerning the EM wave interaction with snow and to develop an inverse scattering algorithm to estimate snow depth based on radar backscattering measurements at different frequencies and incidence angles. For the first part, the goal is to solve the scattering calculations by means of the well-known electromagnetic simulator Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The numerical simulations include: the effective permittivity of snow, surface scattering phenomena in layered homogeneous media (air-snow-ground) with rough interfaces, and volume scattering phenomena when treating snow as a dense random media. So, the critical issue for the first part of this thesis is testing the validity of theoretical models through a careful numerical setup.For the second part, the study is extended to develop a retrieval method to estimate snow thickness over ground from backscattering observations at L- and X-band (1.5 and 10 GHz) using multiple incidence angles. The return signal from snow over ground is influenced by: surface scattering, volume scattering, and the noise effects of the radar system. So, the backscattering coefficient from the medium is modelled statistically by including a white Gaussian noise (WGN) into the simulation. This inversion algorithm involves two steps. The first is to estimate snow density using L-band co-polarized backscattering coefficient at normal incidence. The second is to estimate snow depth from X-band co-polarized backscattering coefficients using two different incidence angles. For a 0.02 noise variance, all retrieved values have an error less than 2% for a snow depth range of [50-300] cm. This algorithm was verified by simulating using Agilent’s SystemVue electronic system level design software
Classeau, Nicolas. "Apports de l'imagerie satellitaire radar à des études environnementales : exemples en Guyane française." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0103.
Full textParent, du Châtelet Jacques. "Etude des possibilités de mesure des paramètres océaniques avec un radar en onde de ciel." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066270.
Full textKanj, Mahmoud. "Inversion de données électromagnétiques par algorithme génétique pour la télédétection en zone forestière." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112350/document.
Full textThe objective of radar imaging is to characterize the observed target. In the case of forest remote sensing, the objective is to extract the component of the vegetation physical parameters.This manuscript addresses the problem of the inversion of electromagnetic data for low frequency wave, VHF band to the P band. In these frequency bands, the canopy (leaves and small branches) does not almost interact with the radar wave and the forest can thus, in first approximation, be represented by vertical cylinders (trunks) and tilted (primary branches).In this context, the numerical electromagnetic methods of inversion lean on models which calculate, many times, the scattered fields radiated by such broadcasters. It is then necessary to choose a physical model which compromise speed/accuracy tilts in favor of the speed, thus a "approached" model. The exactness of the chosen model is then studied and then validated by comparison to a model which the compromise speed/accuracy is inverted, thus a "exact" model. Among the many numerical methods of inversion, that of the genetic algorithm (AG) was chosen. This algorithm, well known, is analyzed here then improved to meet the requirements of the composed electromagnetic problem. It is then validated on simulated and measured data. This validation is also an opportunity to study the impact of the set of data used on the speed and the precision of the inversion, according to the configurations of antenna (frequencies, positions, polarizations)
André, Gilles. "La détection et la cartographie des dommages et des marqueurs de catastrophes naturelles par imagerie spatiale optique et radar." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070057.
Full textThe aim of our research is to study the potentialities and the limits of spatial imagery for the detection of damages after major natural hazard. In order to realize this work, we have studied several examples such as Izmit (1999) and Bhuj (2001) earthquakes, flood of the river Aude (1999), mud flow in Venezuela (1999), and the hurricane and flood in Madagascar and Mozambique (2000). In this work, we have studied and applied the more efficient image treatments for the damages detection, and we have also adapted and developed new methods such as the morphological anomalies recognition for the damages assessment and mapping. Our researches permit us to conclude on the potentialities and limits of each kind of special data. First, we have noted that radar imagery is unavailable for the detection of building damage levels after an earthquake. Only the optical data, at medium and high resolution permit to detect several levels of damage using a multitemporal analysis or morphological approach. Concerning the detection of damages after flood or mud flow, we have observed that results depend more on the geographic and meteorological situation than on the type of spatial data used. A compared study of different approaches on the same case has shown the great variabilty of the result depending on the methodology used. It doesn't seem to have a single and general method for the damages detection
Thouron, Odile. "Développement d'un schéma microphysique adapté à la simulation des cirrus à méso-échelle : étude de l'apport du lidar et du radar pour sa validation." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/39820623-f1e8-495a-873d-411f8ed9792c.
Full textFerré, Nathalie. "Synthèse d'antenne active radar à diagramme reconfigurable." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30203.
Full textPicard, Ghislain. "Modélisation radar des couverts végétaux : applications à la télédétection de couverts forestiers et agricoles." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30159.
Full textViveros, Cancino Oscar. "Analyse du milieu urbain par une approche de fusion de données satellitaires optiques et radar." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4020.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the analysis and extraction of urban areas in remote sensing images. As radiometric information alone is insufficient for the detection of such areas, we carry out a study of texture analysis techniques for urban scenes. Of the techniques currently available, we choose to describe texture using the conditional variance parameter of a Gaussian Markov model. This parameter, estimated at each point in the image, allows us to extract our initial urban mask. Having noted the complementary nature of radar and optical sensors, we combine the textural information of SPOT and ERS sensors to refine our mask. Finally, we propose and compare different supervised fission-fusion algorithms which allow us to perform an intra-urban classification. From the SPOT and ERS images we compute different texture and radiometric parameters. A classification is carried out using each of these parameters in turn. The importance of each parameter for each class is given by the corresponding confusion matrix which is computed using training zones. A fusion operator is defined using the different confusion matrices. The site of our study is Mexico City
Thirion, Laetitia. "Modélisation de l'interaction cohérente des ondes électromagnétiques avec des couverts forestiers." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004022.
Full textLe, Tourneau François-Michel. "Etude des paysages du littoral amazonien à partir d'images de radar à synthèse d'ouverture." Marne-la-Vallée, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MARN0042.
Full textFerraris, Vinicius. "Détection de changement par fusion d'images de télédétection de résolutions et modalités différentes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24107/1/Ferraris_Vinicius.pdf.
Full textBasly, Ludovic. "Télédétection pour la qualité de l'air en milieu urbain." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006291.
Full textLehureau, Gabrielle. "Fusion de données optique et radar à haute résolution en milieu urbain." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0035.
Full textThe increasing quality of satellite images has generated interest in extracting man-made structures. Optical and radar sensors deliver images with unlike physical properties, thus it is interesting to fuse such images in order to benefit from joint observation. Such a process begins with registration of these images. We propose an automatic registration of radar and optical images without using sensors parameters. First, a rigid transformation is determined using a multi-scale pyramid of features representing the contours of roads and buildings. Secondly, a polynomial transformation is determined. The coefficients are obtained by associating points in both images using mutual information. We also developped a classification process in order to identify all scene objects. This method used both information from optical and radar images and svm classifier. We proved in this part a good robustness to segmentation and the interest of using both data to improve the classification, especially for roads and buildings. Finally we present an original method of fine registration for the buildings based on the assumption that “a trained classifier can recognize registrated buildings from unregistrated“. So, buildings are classified considering many translations in order to determine the good one. We also show the importance of contextual information to improve the fine registration, especially for buildings
Bouvet, Alexandre. "Télédétection radar appliquée au suivi des rizières : méthodes utilisant le rapport des intensités de rétrodiffusion." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486432.
Full textBonnafoux, Gérald. "Etude des signatures radar de la zone de balancement des marées." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2030.
Full textJung, Claudine. "Etude et correction de l'influence du relief sur la radiométrie d'une image de radar à ouverture synthétique par simulation de la réponse radar à partir d'un modèle numérique de terrain." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077142.
Full textSaint-Venant, Mathias. "Radar anticollision à corrélation : étude et réalisation." Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/500a9e9b-9a1a-4db4-9df2-866a70c1fede.
Full textThe automotive industry has an emerging need for affordable distance sensors for innovative collision avoidance systems. This paper examines the research, design and development of a radar system based on spread-spectrum technologies to meet specifications of low false alarm rate and robustness against interference. The adopted system is a continuous wave radar using binary pseudorandom sequences, associated with a correlation receiver. Two kinds of correlation receivers have been studied. The multibit correlator and the one-bit correlator, where the received signal is discretized on only two levels, results in a simpler implementation of the receiver's signal processing. The performance of both receivers is presented in single and multiple echo situations. A 10 GHz radar prototype has been developed, integrating a real-time digital signal processing. The prototype has allowed us to demonstrate the advantages of the system and to assess the Operational Characteristics of the Receiver
Salameh, Edward. "Utilisation des techniques de télédétection pour mesurer la topographie des zones intertidales littorales dans le cadre de la mission SWOT." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR040.
Full textIntertidal flats provide essential services including protection against storm surges and coastal flooding.These environments are characterized by a continuous redistribution of sediments and topographic changes.They are under increasing pressure due to anthropogenic activities and sea level rise. The continuous monitoring of their topography is fundamental for hydrodynamic and morphodynamic modeling of coastal systems. Intertidal flats are among the most logistically challenging coastal landforms for ground-based and airborne-based topography monitoring. Spaceborne-based monitoring is the only viable and the mostcost-effective approach capable of providing regularly intertidal topography maps. Recent developments in radar (altimetry and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)) and optical technologies, bring new types of data and enhanced capacities for monitoring intertidal environments. This PhD dissertation investigates the use of spaceborne-based methods for monitoring the topography in intertidal areas using radar altimetry, SAR, and multispectral satellite observations. The main objective is to explore, develop, or enhance methods dedicated for intertidal topography mapping. Being a part of the preparation phase of the future SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) radar altimetry mission, first mission to operate in wide-swath SAR interferometrymode, this PhD dissertation also investigates the capability of SWOT to map intertidal topography. Methodologies developed or/and used in this thesis were applied to two intertidal environments located on the French Coast: The Arcachon Bay and the Bay of Veys. We showed, for the first time, that recent advancements in technologies enabled satellite radar altimetry to extract intertidal topography profiles along the altimeters ground tracks. Second, we introduced an improved and quasi-automatic approach for the use of the waterline method (most common method for intertidal topography mapping) to derive intertidalDigital Elevation Models (DEMs). The changes include faster, more efficient and quasi-automatic detection and post-processing of waterlines. We also brought to light the ability of SWOT to generate highly accurate intertidal DEMs using the waterline method. The methodologies used here allow the generation of intertidal topography measurements regularly, that with careful usage, can be used for detecting topographic changes in intertidal environments. We showed that the two study areas eroded during 2016-2018, losing 1,12 × 106 m3 and 0,70 × 106 m3 for the Arcachon Bay and the Bay of Veys respectively. Updated DEMs provide useful and needed information for several scientific applications (e.g., sediment balance, hydrodynamic modelling), but also for authorities and stakeholders for coastal management and implementation of ecosystem protectionpolicies
Fjørtoft, Roger. "Segmentation d'images radar par détection de contours." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT020H.
Full textCiuc, Mihai. "Traitement d'images multicomposantes : application à l'imagerie couleur et radar." Chambéry, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CHAMS007.
Full textThis thesis deals with multicomponent image processing. A multicomponent image pixel is characterized by a few components, which may be of different nature. More precisely, this thesis extends the adaptive-neighborhood principle to multicomponent images. This principle, so far investigated for the case of gray-level images, consists in determining, for each pixel, a variable-sized, variable-shaped neighborhood, which ) serves as spatial support for the computation of the final value at that current pixel. We exemplify the application of the principle to multicomponent images in the context of various applications covering the field of color (filtering, enhancement) and radar (multitemporal SAR image filtering, coherence filtering in complex interferograms) imagery. Moreover, we show that, for each of the studied applications, the adaptive-neighborhood-based operators lead to better results than those obtained by standard operators, by both subjective and objective criteria
Bratsolis, Emmanuel. "Restauration et segmentation d'images de télédétection : une étude de méthodes accélérées." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0009.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the problems of image restoration and segmentation in remote sensing imaging. Both problems are known as inverse problems. The optimization methods used in this thesis are deterministic fast methods, compared to stochastic methods. Firstly, we present an iterative filter is for speckle reduction and restoration of synthetic aperture radar amplitude images, based ona membrane model and a Markov random field approximation. We also give a fast segmentation method using the histogram of the restored image. We demonstrate a close relationship between classic models from statistical physics and Markov random fields models for image labeling purposes. Accurate relaxation results were obtained with a method named mean field fast annealing. A generalized Gaussian Markov random field model used for speckle reduction and restoration of synthetic aperture radar images. We describe an approximation of speckled image observation laws by generalized Gaussian pdfs which can be useful for speckled image restoration and for related hyperparamater estimation. Finally, we give a simple method of spatial regularization for astronomical images, deriving from the Richardson-Lucy algorithm, in order to overcome the problem of noise amplification during the image reconstruction process. This reconstruction method preserves theimage photometric properties
Henry, Dominique. "Imagerie radar en ondes millimétriques appliquée à la viticulture." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23535/1/HENRY_Dominique.pdf.
Full textBen, Kassem Mohammed Jaouad. "SAR monostatique et bistatique : étude et analyse des méthodes de reconstruction d'imagerie radar." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2050.
Full textThe research works presented in this dissertation fall under the framework of the study and analysis of monostatic mapping radar methods in order to extend them to bistatic radar systems, taking into account polarisation of the emission and the reception. The selected configuration consists of a transmitter, a scene and a receiver, the whole system is animated of an unspecified movement. We defined iso-distances surfaces and iso-dopplers surfaces for various geometrical configurations of bistatic connection radar. The analysis of these surfaces makes it possible to extract information related to a given pixel from surface to map when the bistatic connection is moving. The objective is to model a system able to rebuild radar images of scenes in a definite polarisation base. A simulation tool was carried out, it will be integrated, later, in a development chain in order to test new methods of scenes characterisation based on polarimetric analysis
Harant, Olivier. "Méthodes statistiques en télédétection RSO polarimétrique haute résolution pour la modélisation et le suivi temporel des glaciers." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863648.
Full textMoreau, Emmanuel. "Restitution de paramètres atmosphériques par radiométrie hyperfréquence spatiale : utilisation de méthodes neuronales." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077261.
Full textBousbih, Safa. "Synergie optique-radar pour l'estimation des états de surface continentale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30278.
Full textAgriculture is considered as one of the most important sectors in Tunisia on which the country's economy is predominately based. It is also important because of its contribution to food security. In the context of natural resource management, the characterization and monitoring of surface states is essential, particularly in semi-arid regions where several constraints hamper agricultural development (period of drought, conflicts over water sharing, lack of resources, overpumping of groundwater, etc.). In Tunisia, nearly 80% of available water resources are used by agriculture with limited efficiency. Here, with very limited water resources, the estimation of the surface water state is necessary to establish the appropriate decisions for a better sustainable management. In this context, remote sensing provides a fundamental database for surface observation. It is a major tool for remote sensing data acquisition.The work carried out during this thesis contributes to evaluate the potential of the new Sentinel-1 (S-1) and Sentinel-2 (S-2) satellite for the characterization of surface states, specifically soil moisture in a context of sustainable management of water and soil resources. Indeed, these new systems offer operational products with a high temporal repeatability and metric spatial resolutions allowing regular monitoring. In our context, radar data is particularly sensitive to surface conditions, specifically soil moisture, surface roughness and vegetation cover. They are unveiled as the most promising tools for accurate monitoring at the field or regional scale. This work includes two main parts that directly relate soil moisture (key variable for different processes) to irrigation first, and then to soil texture. The approach adopted combines experimental measurements with the use of different remote sensing data in synergy, modeling and mapping. The thesis is structured in three parts. The first part of this work evaluates the potential of C-band radar data for a large database. The results showed through behavioral and modeling studies that the radar signal could retrieve temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture on cereal plots. The second component consists of evaluating the combined use of optical and radar data in order to predict surface water conditions over vegetative cover. With a precision of about 6 vol. %, soil moisture mapping is then proposed at high spatial resolution, by inverting the Water Cloud Model (WCM), a backscattering model for vegetation cover.[...]
Keriaki, Majed. "Etude de la surface de la mer pour les simulations hyperfréquences actives et passsives par un modèle à double échelle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS0001.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose a realistic representation of the sea surface to improve simulations of remote sensing measurements above it using the double scale model of the University Catholique de Louvain. We use at first the ''bulk'' method to evaluate the momentum flux between air and sea. This method allows us to obtain a good distribution of the spectral density of waves in the regions that do not contain breaking waves, and improves the sensitivities of active and passive UCL simulations on wind speed and atmospheric stability. We showed that atmospheric stability must be taken into account in any algorithm for deducing the momentum flux using sea surface brightness temperatures. Then, we propose a model that takes into account the electromagnetic scattering by breaking zones. This model uses several approaches which exist in the literature. These approaches are generalised and gathered to obtain a unique model that estimates correctly the effects of ripples and foam coverage, composing any breaking zone, on both active and passive simulations
Carincotte, Cyril. "Segmentation markovienne floue d'images. Application en détection de changements entre images radar." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30046.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to unsupervised remote sensing image segmentation and change detection on SAR images. We first present a higher order hidden Markov chains model which allows to model complex noise structures, like correlated noises. In order to take into account several fuzzy characteristics of remote sensing images, we propose a fuzzy hidden Markov chains model, which jointly takes in account the fuzzy and noisy characteristics of the observations. This model authorizes the coexistence of hard and fuzzy pixels in the same image, and allows to characterize noisy gradation located on both sides of more homogeneous areas. We finally propose a methodology of change detection based on the fuzzy model, which allows to characterize the imprecision associated to the changes between two SAR images
Bombrun, Lionel. "Développement d'outils et de méthodes de télédétection spatiale optique et radar nécessaires à la haute résolution spatiale." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369350.
Full textL'interférométrie radar à synthèse d'ouverture renseigne sur la topographie de la zone étudiée ou sur ses déformations. Nous mettons en place des traitements interférométriques pour obtenir un champ de déplacement au sol.
La polarimétrie radar étudie les interactions de l'onde électromagnétique avec le milieu étudié et nous informe sur les propriétés physiques des rétrodiffuseurs. Nous examinons en détail les deux modèles de paramétrisation des vecteurs de rétrodiffusion : le modèle alpha/beta et le modèle TSVM. Nous proposons ensuite d'utiliser la distribution de Fisher pour modéliser la texture dans les images polarimétriques. En utilisant le modèle multiplicatif scalaire, nous dérivons l'expression littérale de la distribution de la matrice de cohérence et nous proposons d'implémenter cette nouvelle distribution dans un algorithme de segmentation hiérarchique.
Les différentes méthodes proposées durant cette thèse ont été appliquées sur des données interférométriques en bande C sur les glaciers et sur des données polarimétriques en bande L dans le milieu urbain.
Palerme, Cyril. "Etude des précipitations en Antarctique par télédétection radar, mesures in-situ, et intercomparaison de modèles de climat." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU046/document.
Full textDuring the 21st century, precipitation is expected to increase in polar regions. In Antarctica, this would lead to an increase in snow accumulation over the continent, which would represent a positive contribution to the ice sheet mass balance, and thus a negative contribution to sea level. Almost all the climate models predict a precipitation increase in Antarctica during the 21st century, but this change differs widely according to the models. Moreover, the current precipitation rate simulated by these models diverge greatly. However, because no reliable observation of Antarctic precipitation was available so far, it was not possible to benchmark climate models. In this study, data from the cloud profiling radar onboard CloudSat satellite have been used to produce the first climatology of Antarctic precipitation from observations. This climatology agrees well with ERA Interim reanalysis, the production of which is constrained by various in situ and satellite observations, but does not use any data from CloudSat. The mean snowfall rate from CloudSat observations is 171 mm/an over the Antarctic ice sheet, north of 82°S. The maximum snowfall rate is observed during the fall, while the minimum snowfall rate occurs in spring. Because in-situ measurements are necessary to evaluate remote sensing observations, a field experiment has been developed at Dumont d'Urville station in Antarctica for measuring precipitation. Optical sensors have been set up at different levels on a 73-meter tower in order to separate snowfall from blowing snow events. Snow flux measured at different heights should be similar during snowfall without blowing snow, whereas a gradient shoud be observed if blowing snow occurs. The system has been evaluated and compared to the ECMWF operational analysis. Finally, simulations from the climate models used for the last IPCC report have been compared to the new satellite climatology. All the models produce a higher snowfall rate than the snowfall observed with CloudSat. Precipitation increase predicted in Antarctica varies from -6.0 % to +39.4 % according to the models and the greenhouse gas emissions scenarios.Climate models which reproduce a current snowfall rate close to the snowfall rate observed by satellite predict on average a larger increase in Antarctic precipitation during the 21st century, and thus a stronger impact on sea level
Mahamat, Atteïb Ibrahim Doutoum. "Cartographie et détection de changement automatique par imagerie de télédétection pour le suivi environnemental en Afrique saharienne et sub-saharienne." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22510/document.
Full textRadar images of planetary surfaces provide a wealth of information on the imaged area. The availability of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images provides the ability to map unknown regions, difficult to access, or not conducive to the human life. However, the radar remote sensing images have several defaults, the speckle and one or more forms of geometrical distortion. The aim of this study is to develop methods that can identify and characterize changes in dune areas using satellite data acquired at different times and from different sources. So they give the possibility to map, categorize and monitor areas affected by natural events along time
El, Mabrouk Abdelhai. "Segmentation, regroupement et classification pour l'analyse d'image polarimétrique radar." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28912/28912.pdf.
Full textRadar remote sensing images are characterized by an important multiplicative noise, the speckle. The polarization of the wave is used to obtain more information about the ground target. The scattering type is obtained from the signal decomposition : volume, surface or double bond. The objective of the thesis is to show and illustrate the advan- tages of the hierarchical segmentation and clustering for the analysis of polarimetric radar images. Filtering is needed to reduce the noise in H/A/alpha classification. We propose to use the hierarchical segmentation and the hierarchical clustering for a first grouping of the pixels. This produces a simple image while preserving the spatial infor- mation. The results of H/A/alpha classification and Wishart clustering are improved with this preprocessing. Two polarimetric images SAR are used for the study.
Martini, Audrey. "Télédétection d'un couvert neigeux en milieux alpins à partir de données SAR polarimétriques multi-fréquentielles et multi-temporelles." Rennes 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133805.
Full textGoupil, Philippe. "Estimation de la température virtuelle de l'atmosphère : modélisation et analyse spectrale de signaux de télédétection radio acoustique (RASS)." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT030H.
Full textHammami, Imen. "Fusion d'images de télédétection hétérogènes par méthodes crédibilistes." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0034/document.
Full textWith the advent of new image acquisition techniques and the emergence of high-resolution satellite systems, remote sensing data to be exploited have become increasingly rich and varied. Their combination has thus become essential to improve the process of extracting useful information related to the physical nature of the observed surfaces. However, these data are generally heterogeneous and imperfect, which poses several problems in their joint treatment and requires the development of specific methods. It is in this context that falls this thesis that aimed at developing a new evidential fusion method dedicated to heterogeneous remote sensing images processing at high resolution. In order to achieve this objective, we first focus our research, firstly, on the development of a new approach for the belief functions estimation based on Kohonen’s map in order to simplify the masses assignment operation of the large volumes of data occupied by these images. The proposed method allows to model not only the ignorance and the imprecision of our sources of information, but also their paradox. After that, we exploit this estimation approach to propose an original fusion technique that will solve problems due to the wide variety of knowledge provided by these heterogeneous sensors. Finally, we study the way in which the dependence between these sources can be considered in the fusion process using the copula theory. For this reason, a new technique for choosing the most appropriate copula is introduced. The experimental part of this work isdevoted to land use mapping in case of agricultural areas using SPOT-5 and RADARSAT-2 images. The experimental study carried out demonstrates the robustness and effectiveness of the approaches developed in the framework of this thesis
Edel, Léo. "Vers une meilleure connaissance des précipitations en Arctique : utilisation de la télédétection spatiale micro-ondes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX108.
Full textBecause solid precipitation measurements at the surface are complex in Arctic, snowfall rates present significant differences between recent datasets. To further characterize arctic precipitation, microwave remote sensing is an appropriate tool. The radar observations onboard CloudSat provides rates of snowfall at the surface for a 4-years period. These retrievals are validated with in situ data, and compared to various datasets. Despite a good qualitative agreement, significant differences are observed, especially over Greenland. The regional reanalysis shows a better agreement with CloudSat retrievals than the global reanalysis, especially regarding the seasonnal distribution of snowfall rates. Then, CloudSat observations are used as a reference to evaluate the ability of passive microwave sounders to detect arctic snowfall for frequencies around 183 GHz. Detection is possible and relies mainly on brightness temperatures at 190 and 183 ± 3 GHz as well as the temperature near the surface and the integrated water vapor. A poor detection capability is observed in cold conditions and for light snowfall. Despite these limitations, the algorithm provides significant information for intense snowfalls, with good sampling due to its wide swath and long time series. Available for the last 20 years, passive microwave observations show a notable ability for a better characterization of arctic snowfall
Tarayre, Hélène. "Extraction de modèles numériques de terrain par interférométrie radar satellitaire : algorithmie et artefacts atmosphériques." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT022H.
Full textFieuzal, Rémy. "Apports de données radar pour l'estimation des paramètres biophysiques des surfaces agricoles." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2467/.
Full textThe thesis fall within the "SudOuest" project, whose main objective is to contribute to the understanding and the modeling of the land surface functioning, at the landscape scale. This work aims to improve the capacity of monitoring and analysis of highly anthropic surfaces: agrosystems. Both actors and audience to climate change, these surfaces are also dedicated to the food production. So the problem is to reconcile sustainability of resources and sufficient level of production, identifying tools, such as remote sensing, useful in making decision at scales ranging from plot to land. In this context, the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) embedded in satellites have the twofold advantages of being sensitive to different parameters of the land surface (related to soil, and vegetation), and the ability to observe by cloudy condition (unlike sensors operating in the visible). Since the 90s, several studies based on images acquired with SAR technology have shown the interest of microwave data for the monitoring of land surface. In recent years, the emergence of satellite missions at X- and L-bands enriches study opportunities once only limited to the C-band. These sensor/satellite couples now provide products with high spatial resolution (up to a meter), with the possibility of weekly revisits, necessary criteria for the monitoring of heterogeneous areas associated with high temporal dynamics. Works done in this thesis aim to establish the complementarities between the radar (TerraSAR-X, Radarsat-2 and Alos, at X-, C- and L-bands) and optical data (Formosat-2, Spot-4/-5) acquired by satellites for the monitoring of agrosystems. They revolve around three complementary areas: - The first is the implementation of an experimental campaign based on the acquisition of a set of data (satellite and ground), necessary for the development of new approaches to landscape analysis. The studied area, characterized by a strong human impact, is located near Toulouse (at 50 km in the South West). Satellite images include three radar time series acquired at X-, C- and L-bands, and images acquired in the optical (Formosat-2, Spot-4/-5). With a total of one hundred images acquired in the microwave domain, the common area to the different scenes covering a region of 10×10 km². Together, the protocols used for field measurements consider independently the two key elements of the surface: the soil and the culture. In addition to the weather stations (part of the "SudOuest" project), qualitative and quantitative measurements are performed synchronously with the satellite acquisitions, on a total of 387 plots. Five crops are mainly studied: wheat, rapeseed, sunflower, corn and soybean. - The temporal signatures of these crops are then established for each satellite wavelength (optical and radar), through an original approach based on an angular normalization of radar signals (combining the optical and radar information). The results obtained during the phenological cycle of winter (wheat and rapeseed) and summer crops (corn, soybean and sunflower) clearly show the complementarity of multi-sensor approaches and the specificity of radar signals (associated with the considered polarization states and frequencies). Two biophysical parameters related to vegetation are finally estimated (leaf area index and height), the microwave data showing both high sensitivity and good performances. - The electromagnetic modeling of bare soil is first used to evaluate different formalisms, namely Dubois and Oh (1992 and 2004) models, with common characteristics, a simplified description of the process. They are confronted with a model based on the physical laws, the IEM (Integral Equation Model). The application of models in different spectral bands (X, C and L), shows very mixed results; the best performances are obtained at X-band with Oh 1992 model. Thereafter, the enhancement of the models takes advantage of the residue analysis (as a function of the input variables), to reduce the observed dispersion. The tested models are optimized and validated using an approach such residues. A significant improvement is observed for most models. The results highlight the interest of multi-sensor data for the monitoring of continental surfaces dedicated to agriculture. In the near future, satellite missions such as Tandem -X, Sentinel-1/-2, Radarsat Constellation or Alos-2 should sustain access to these data, and define the results obtained in this thesis
Elouragini, Salem, and Claude Frankignoul. "Etude des propriétés optiques et géométriques des cirrus par télédétection optique active (lidar) et passive (radiométrie)." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066478.
Full text