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Journal articles on the topic 'Telephoto lenses'
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Aldelgawy, Mohammed, and Isam Abu-Qasmieh. "CALIBRATION OF SMARTPHONE’S REAR DUAL CAMERA SYSTEM." Geodesy and cartography 47, no. 4 (December 13, 2021): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2021.13434.
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This paper aims to calibrate smartphone’s rear dual camera system which is composed of two lenses, namely; wide-angle lens and telephoto lens. The proposed approach handles large sized images. Calibration was done by capturing 13 photos for a chessboard pattern from different exposure positions. First, photos were captured in dual camera mode. Then, for both wide-angle and telephoto lenses, image coordinates for node points of the chessboard were extracted. Afterwards, intrinsic, extrinsic, and lens distortion parameters for each lens were calculated. In order to enhance the accuracy of the calibration model, a constrained least-squares solution was applied. The applied constraint was that the relative extrinsic parameters of both wide-angle and telephoto lenses were set as constant regardless of the exposure position. Moreover, photos were rectified in order to eliminate the effect of lens distortion. For results evaluation, two oriented photos were chosen to perform a stereo-pair intersection. Then, the node points of the chessboard pattern were used as check points.
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Xu, Chun Yun, Jia Ning Dong, Su Zhang, and Wen Sheng Wang. "Infrared Telephoto Design Used in Joint Transform Correlator." Key Engineering Materials 552 (May 2013): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.21.
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In order to meet the requirement of tank sight and improve the ability of Joint Transform Correlator(JTC) in target detection and recognition, the infrared telephoto system with high image quality and high performance-price ratio is designed for wavelength 8μm～12μm. Initial structure is composed of four refractive lenses. The focal length is 200 mm, the relative aperture is 1:2.6 and image field of view is 1 inch (CCD). Considering the fabrication process, production cost and other factors, the system structure is further improved. First the telephoto which is composed of four lenses is designed with normal spherical surface. Then on the basis of the original spherical structure, an aspheric surface is introduced. The optical system can be reduced into three lenses. The image quality of the whole system becomes much better. The optical system image quality is evaluated with ZEMAX optical design software. The result shows that MTF of each field is close to the diffraction-limited curve at the cut-off frequency 17lp/mm. The spot diagram RMS radiuses are smaller than the radius of Airy disk 25.35μm. The wave front aberrations for all the fields are less than 0.25λ. The telephoto can meet the requirement of target detection. Combining JTC with this infrared telephoto lens, the infrared target at longer distance can be detected and recognized.
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Yu, Linzhi, Dahai Li, Yilang Ruan, Xinwei Zhang, Ruiyang Wang, and Kaiyuan Xu. "Wavefront Aberration Measurement Deflectometry for Imaging Lens Tests." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 7857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157857.
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Lenses play an important role in imaging systems. Having an effective way to test the aberrations of imaging lenses is important. However, the existing methods cannot satisfy the requirements in some conditions. To overcome these difficulties, wavefront aberration measurement deflectometry (WAMD) is proposed in this paper, which can reconstruct the wavefront aberrations of imaging lenses by measuring the angular aberrations. The principle of WAMD is analyzed in detail, and the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by both a simulation and an experiment. A telephoto lens and a single imaging lens were tested in an experiment, and the RMS errors were 166.8 nm (5.71%) () and 58.9nm (4.74%) (), respectively, as compared with the interferometer’s results. This method is widely applicable with relatively reasonable accuracy. It has potential to be applied in the lens manufacturing and alignment process.
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Harper, Bernard, and Richard Latto. "Cyclopean Vision, Size Estimation, and Presence in Orthostereoscopic Images." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 10, no. 3 (June 2001): 312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343630.
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Stereo scene capture and generation is an important facet of presence research in that stereoscopic images have been linked to naturalness as a component of reported presence. Three-dimensional images can be captured and presented in many ways, but it is rare that the most simple and “natural” method is used: full orthostereoscopic image capture and projection. This technique mimics as closely as possible the geometry of the human visual system and uses convergent axis stereography with the cameras separated by the human interocular distance. It simulates human viewing angles, magnification, and convergences so that the point of zero disparity in the captured scene is reproduced without disparity in the display. In a series of experiments, we have used this technique to investigate body image distortion in photographic images. Three psychophysical experiments compared size, weight, or shape estimations (perceived waist-hip ratio) in 2-D and 3-D images for the human form and real or virtual abstract shapes. In all cases, there was a relative slimming effect of binocular disparity. A well-known photographic distortion is the perspective flattening effect of telephoto lenses. A fourth psychophysical experiment using photographic portraits taken at different distances found a fattening effect with telephoto lenses and a slimming effect with wide-angle lenses. We conclude that, where possible, photographic inputs to the visual system should allow it to generate the cyclopean point of view by which we normally see the world. This is best achieved by viewing images made with full orthostereoscopic capture and display geometry. The technique can result in more-accurate estimations of object shape or size and control of ocular suppression. These are assets that have particular utility in the generation of realistic virtual environments.
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Dong, Jia Ning, Da Mu, and Chun Yun Xu. "Athermal Design of Infrared Telephoto Used in Joint Transform Correlator." Key Engineering Materials 552 (May 2013): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.57.
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On the basis of optical correlation detection, joint transform correlator(JTC) is widely used in military, aviation and intelligentization and so on. It has the advantages of great flexibility and high precision of recognition. The optical system is applied to receive the infrared radiation of the target. Athermalization is the key to stabilizing the optical performance with respect to off-design temperature. Therefore, the image quality of optical system in different temperatures plays an important role in JTC. In order to improve the environmental adaptability of JTC, the infrared telephoto system with high image quality and high performance-price ratio is designed for wavelength 8μm～12μm to detect target in a large range of temperature. This telephoto lens is composed of four refractive lenses. Three materials, zinc selenide, germanium and zinc sulfide are used to compensate for the temperature. The focal length is 200 mm, the relative aperture is 1:3, and the field of view is 6.4°. This system has the characteristics of small volume and compact structure. The optical system image quality is evaluated with ZEMAX optical design software. The results have shown that MTFs in the range of -40°C to +60°C are all closed to the diffraction limited curve. The spot diagram RMS radius of each field is closed to the Airy disk radius. The system meets the requirements of technical specification and improves the ability of JTC in target tracking and recognition.
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Merlin, J. C. "New Trends in the Discovery of Comets by Amateurs." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092642.
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AbstractThe ways in which amateurs may increase their chances of discovering comets were described. Amateurs discover a considerable proportion of comets, but their contribution is greater among long-period comets. The relative proportions of short-period comets is revealing: 1 in 2 for professional astronomers, 1 in 8 for amateurs. Professional discoveries are largely a by-product of searches for asteroids: the comets have low inclinations (i < 30°) and are faint (m1 > 14). Amateurs are most successful in areas close (<60°) to the Sun. Typical apertures are 150-mm, and most comets are brighter than magnitude 10.Past results show that there is a strong correlation between number of observers and number of discoveries. Several amateurs have discovered comets at great elongations with larger telescopes (≥ 400 mm). The comets tend to be fainter (10 < m1 < 12). Several comets have been discovered with simple equipment (200- or 300-mm telephoto lenses) down to magnitude 13.Calculations of the distribution of discoverable comets show that an average of 14 comets (9 < m1 < 14) are missed per year.
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Samsudin, Dahrum, Safwan Othman, M. D. Anuar, Bukhari Manshoor, and Amir Khalid. "Experimental Investigation of Mixture Formation and Flame Development Using the Basics Technique of Schlieren Optical Visualization Principle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.474.
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The Schlieren technique remains to be one of the most powerful technique to visualize the flow and it is relatively easy to implement, high and variable sensitivity, low cost and its used conventional of light. This technique allows us to see the invisible of the optical inhomogeneities in transparent media like air, water and glass that otherwise cause only ghostly distortions of our normal vision. This research investigates the mixture formation and flame development of biodiesel fuel using the Schlieren optical visualization principle. This method can capture spray evaporation, spray interference, mixture formation and flame pattern clearly with real images. During the experiment, the camera lens was used with telephoto lenses (Nikon 70-300mm f/4-5.6G) in order to capture a large amount of light especially the low flame intensity during the initial flame development. The flame development was captured with color images from a color digital video camera. This method can capture the flow of fluids of varying density, such as spray evaporation, spray interference and mixture formation clearly with real images. The result shows that the mechanism of fuel-air mixing and a better comprehension of combustible mixture that can give valuable information to improve and optimize the combustion process.
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Lokhorst, Deborah, Roberto Abraham, Imad Pasha, Pieter van Dokkum, Seery Chen, Tim Miller, Shany Danieli, et al. "A Giant Shell of Ionized Gas Discovered near M82 with the Dragonfly Spectral Line Mapper Pathfinder." Astrophysical Journal 927, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac50b6.
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Abstract We present the discovery of a giant cloud of ionized gas in the field of the starbursting galaxy M82. Emission from the cloud is seen in Hα and [N ii] λ6583 in data obtained though a small pathfinder instrument used to test the key ideas that will be implemented in the Dragonfly Spectral Line Mapper, an upcoming ultranarrow-bandpass imaging version of the Dragonfly Telephoto Array. The discovered cloud has a shell-like morphology with a linear extent of 0.°8 and is positioned 0.°6 northwest of M82. At the heliocentric distance of the M81 group, the cloud’s longest angular extent corresponds to 55 kpc and its projected distance from the nucleus of M82 is 40 kpc. The cloud has an average Hα surface brightness of 2 × 10−18 erg cm − 2 s − 1 arcsec − 2 . The [N ii] λ6583/Hα line ratio varies from [N ii]/Hα ∼ 0.2 to [N ii]/Hα ∼ 1.0 across the cloud, with higher values found in its eastern end. Follow-up spectra obtained with Keck LRIS confirm the existence of the cloud and yield line ratios of [N ii] λ6583/Hα = 0.340 ± 0.003 and [S ii] λλ6716, 6731/Hα = 0.64 ± 0.03 in the cloud. This giant cloud of material could be lifted from M82 by tidal interactions or by its powerful starburst. Alternatively, it may be gas infalling from the cosmic web, potentially precipitated by the superwinds of M82. Deeper data are needed to test these ideas further. The upcoming Dragonfly Spectral Line Mapper will have 120 lenses, 40× more than in the pathfinder instrument used to obtain the data presented here.
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Tian Xiaohang, 田晓航, and 薛常喜 Xue Changxi. "小F数红外双波段无热化折衍摄远物镜设计." Acta Optica Sinica 42, no. 14 (2022): 1422002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202242.1422002.
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Whiting, Paul R., and Gregory L. W. Robinson. "Using Irlen Coloured Lenses for Reading: A Clinical Study." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 5, no. 2 (November 1988): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200025888.
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ABSTRACTSome recent evidence from both clinical and empirical studies has suggested that some cases of reading disability might be helped by the use of Irlen tinted lenses. Clinical work has been carried out in two special education centres, at Sydney CAE and at Hunter Institute of Higher Education. Four hundred and sixty five clients from these centres, all of whom had reading problems, and who had worn Irlen lenses fora minimum of 12 months were surveyed to assess their evaluation of the usefulness of the lenses for a variety of literacy-related difficulties. Ninety three percent indicated a definite improvement in these difficulties. Largest improvements were reported in amount of effort required to read, fluency of reading, concentration, and comprehension. In each factorsurveyed, more than 50% of respondents indicated definite improvements, including handwriting, spelling, tiredness, and self-confidence. Telephone checks with non-respondents indicated that the results are probably reliable for the whole of the population surveyed.
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Ogone, James Odhiambo. "Mobile phones in Africa: The politics of cultural and material integration into local economies." International Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 4 (February 6, 2020): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877920903739.
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The rapid expansion of mobile telephony in Africa has been the subject of many debates both in the academia and industry. However, such discourse has tended to focus more on the technology itself rather than its users. This article seeks to frame mobile phones as modern technologies whose contextual uses are heavily entangled in the unique socio-economic dynamics of the African continent. Here the focus is on the African informal economy and the culture it enables, the fractious nature of infrastructure and practices of repair, African notions of conviviality and their political role, and African traditions in the context of globalization. Through these various lenses the study considers the different ways in which the mobile phone becomes Africanized.
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PASSARO, D. J., M. SCOTT, and M. S. DWORKIN. "E-mail surveys assist investigation and response: a university conjunctivitis outbreak." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 4 (July 9, 2004): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268804002201.
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A conjunctivitis outbreak affecting more than 200 individuals occurred on a university campus in Evanston, Illinois, USA, in spring 2002. An investigation was conducted jointly by the Evanston Department of Health and the Illinois Department of Public Health. A combination of e-mail and traditional telephone-based surveys demonstrated that wearing contact lenses was a risk factor for any conjunctivitis and bilateral conjunctivitis, whereas using glasses was protective. Laboratory and epidemiological evidence suggested that the outbreak was caused by a viral pathogen that eluded characterization despite extensive culture and PCR-based laboratory testing. Enhanced laboratory surveillance could help clinicians and public-health officials to identify relevant secular changes in the spectrum of causes of conjunctivitis. During institutional outbreaks, e-mail surveys can help public-health officials to efficiently access information not easily collected by traditional case-control studies, and can provide an effective conduit for providing prevention recommendation, such as the need for improved hand and contact-lens hygiene during outbreaks.
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Lord, Alinda, David González, and Atash Sabet. "A-306 MoCA-22: Criterion Validity and Classification Accuracy of the MoCA’s Auditory Items." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 37, no. 6 (August 17, 2022): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.306.
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Abstract Objective: Our research aims to evaluate criterion validity of the auditory Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-22; also disseminated as telephone-MoCA and MoCA-blind) when compared to individuals with and without vision impairment and of different dementia syndromal stages. Additionally, we explore the classification accuracy of MoCA-22 in distinguishing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from unimpaired cognition and mild-to-moderate dementia from MCI. Methods: The National Alzheimer’s Coordinated Center database included 11,284 participants who completed a portion of the MoCA during their first visit to an Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. Participants were mostly women (57.64%), self-identified as White (77.98%), were older adults (M age=69.22), and college educated (M education years=15.89). Dementia stages included: unimpaired (43.73%), MCI (40.99%), and mild-to-moderate dementia (14.87%) with 71.7% having some visual impairment and 2.8% not benefitting from lenses. ANOVAs and t-tests were used to evaluate criterion validity. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were investigated for diagnostic accuracy. Results: The visually mediated MoCA items had larger differences among those with and without visual impairment compared to the MoCA-22. There were also strong differences across the dementia syndromal stages which carried over to strong classification accuracy in distinguishing MCI from normal cognition (AUC = .79), and mild-to-moderate dementia from MCI (AUC = .85). Conclusions: These findings add to the evidence of the MoCA-22’s utility for visual impaired individuals who otherwise cannot complete the full version of the MoCA. The MoCA-22 serves as a useful cognitive screening tool in differentiating between cognitive severities.
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Weber, H., K. Pfadenhauer, M. Stöhr, and A. Rösler. "Central hyperacusis with phonophobia in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 8, no. 6 (December 2002): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458502ms814oa.
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Hearing disorders are a well-described symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Unilateral or bilateral hyperacusis or deafness in patients with normal sound audiometry is often attributed to demyelinating lesions in the central auditory pathway. Less known in MS is a central phonophobia, whereby acoustic stimuli provoke unpleasant and painful paresthesia and lead to the corresponding avoidance behaviour. In our comparison collective, patient 1 described acute shooting pain attacks in his right cheek, each time set off by the ringing of the telephone. Patient 2 complained of intensified, unbearable noise sensations when hearing nonlanguage acoustic stimuli. Patient 3 noticed hearing unpleasant echoes and disorders of the directional hearing. All patients had a clinical brainstem syndrome. ENT inspection, sound audiometry and stapedius reflex were normal. All three patients had pathologically changed auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) with indications of a brainstem lesion, and in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demyelinating lesions in the ipsilateral pons and in the central auditory pathway. The origin we presume in case 1 is an abnormal impulse conduction from the leminiscus lateralis to the central trigeminus pathway and, in the other cases, a disturbance in the central sensory modulation. All patients developed in the further course a clinically definite MS. Having excluded peripheral causes for a hyperacusis, such as, e.g., an idiopathic facial nerve palsy or myasthenia gravis, one should always consider the possibility of MS in a case of central phonophobia. Therapeutic possibilities include the giving of serotonin reuptake inhibitors or acoustic lenses for clearly definable disturbing frequencies.
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E. Roulac, Stephen. "Commercial mortgages – money is available if you are willing to pay the price." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 32, no. 6 (August 26, 2014): 589–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-06-2014-0042.
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Purpose – The questions of loan availability and pricing were considered from the perspectives of financial economic theory and practice as well as a survey of lenders capable of financing a one-year bridge loan to determine the market's willingness to make such a loan and what rate of interest would be charged. Utilizing the sources above, in conjunction with professional knowledge and industry contacts, 101 lenders were selected as representative of the universe of lenders who had the capacity to make directly or otherwise to arrange, a $192 million bridge loan. The survey of lenders involved interviews with 67 of the 86 selected lenders from 59 firms. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Loan availability and pricing were considered from perspectives of financial economic theory and practice plus a survey to determine market's willingness to make a loan at what price. Utilizing professional knowledge and industry contacts, 101 lenders were selected as representative of those which had the capacity to make a $192 million bridge loan. When lenders were evaluated against criteria of size, product type, geographic territory, and willingness/capability to provide nonstandard loans, list selected for telephone interviews was narrowed, then subsequently expanded with referrals that led to identification of new potential lenders to be contacted. Findings – Nine lenders offered conceptualized deal structures to provide the required financing. Though the price may be expensive, especially relative to what borrowers may wish to pay, financing is available. Developers’ and deal-makers’ protestations that “it's impossible,” should be discounted and rejected. Because the subject property is characterized by high-risk, it is logical conclusion that the lenders expressing a desire to provide the bridge loan would expect to earn a high return, meaning that the interest rate would approach, if not exceed, 20 percent. Research limitations/implications – Because the nature of the research required that the specific identities of the building and the parties were not revealed, some lenders might decline to consider this financing opportunity. And, real world negotiation of financing terms could result in higher rates than quoted and/or disinclination of lenders to proceed. Because of very specialized circumstances surrounding this proprietary research, conducted subject to nondisclosure agreement, publication had to be deferred until those constraints no longer applied. Though the data are more than a decade old, this consideration does not compromise the relevance, validity, or generalizability of the findings. Practical implications – Markets can accommodate transactions that might be perceived as improbable. Investors which approach opportunities with creativity and open mind, can make deals that would not be possible, were strict, rigid, unbending eligible deal preference parameters to be employed. Strategists establishing policies for real estate enterprises should insist on progressive, expansive thinking in turning the scope of their potential venture involvements. Real estate education and training should address more attention to financial economic theory, strategic initiative, and creative deal making, which priority topics are too seldom prioritized, with the consequence that too many in real estate think narrowly rather than expansively. Social implications – This research substantiates a fundamental theory of financial economics and refutes conventional applied wisdom. Seldom do researchers and investors have the opportunity to “get inside” the lending decision process for a large scale commercial property, especially one characterized by daunting circumstances and considerable complexity, such as studied here. A unique real world date set – not normally accessible to property scholars – enables study of the proposition that every commodity has a price, no matter how severe or difficult the circumstances, in a manner fully congruent with the new AACSB Business School Deans policy emphasis on relevance in addition to rigor. Originality/value – As commercial mortgages much less studied than residential mortgages, this paper is significant addition to undeveloped segment of literature. As the majority of mortgage finance research, estimated to be in the range of 90 percent, has been limited to single family residential financing, the study of commercial mortgage financing is relatively under-researched. Further, the studies of commercial mortgage finance tend to be illustrative case studies with stylized facts rather than explorations of empiricism-based investigations. As most researchers engaged in exploring real estate topics limit themselves to public information, research that provides access to real world private transactions is especially important.
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Gill, Amarjit, Harvinder S. Mand, John D. Obradovich, and Neil Mathur. "Factors affecting ethical sources of external debt financing for Indian agribusiness firms." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 1 (2015): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c4p2.
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Majority of the Indian farmers are financially constrained and pay very high interest rate to private moneylenders who has a negative impact on the survivability and growth of agribusiness firms. Because of less strict debt financing requirements farmers become prey to predatory lenders from private lending institutions that are not controlled by the central bank and may not behave in an ethical way. The study investigates factors affecting ethical sources of external debt financing by taking a sample of Indian agribusiness firms. Owners of agribusiness firms were interviewed through personal visits and telephone calls regarding the factors affecting ethical sources of external debt financing. The findings show that several factors affect ethical sources of external debt financing for agribusiness firms in India. This study contributes to the literature on the factors that affect ethical sources of external debt financing. This study also provides recommendations to improve access to ethical sources of external debt financing. The findings may be useful for agribusiness owners (farmers), financial managers, investors, agribusiness management consultants, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders.
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Shrestha, Sabeena, and Bharat Singh Thapa. "Determinants of repayment behaviour of MFI clients in the context of COVID-19: a case study of Lalitpur District, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Insurance and Social Security 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njiss.v4i1.42349.
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This paper investigated factors affecting repayment performance of MFI clients in the context of COVID-19. Business characteristics, borrowers’ characteristics and lenders’ behavior were identified and predictors of loan repayment. A telephone interview using a full-fledged questionnaire was conducted among randomly chosen 160 loan clients of various microfinance institutions in Mahalaxmi municipality of Lalitpur district during Covid 19 pandemic (June-July, 2020). The descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, binary logistic regression analysis analyzed the data and qualitative analysis is done to support the result of research. The finding of study reveals that age of the borrower, educational level of borrowers, types of the business and profit generated business influence the repayment of loan. However, family size, skills, age of business, work performance, transparent communication and clarity of MFI policy does not have any impact on repayment of loan. COVID-19 pandemic has affected all types of business and created poor cash flow in the market and due to lockdown, the source of income has been decreased which causes large number of delay repayment of monthly installment is decrease in profit due to decrease in revenue of the business.
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Bramhandkar, Alka, and Mary Ellen Zuckerman. "ROSCAS Remain Strong in India Despite Greater Financial Inclusion." International Journal of Management and Sustainability 3, no. 3 (March 3, 2014): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.11/2014.3.3/11.3.176.185.
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We begin this paper by summarizing various studies which used surveys and economic models to describe the characteristics and benefits of the old tradition of ROSCAs which is prevalent in many developing countries around the world. These studies also document the types of draws and the factors that motivate people to participate in a ROSCA. We expand the information on this tradition in a state in India where ROSCA is referred to as bhishi. During the month of January 2013, we interviewed (in-person & over the telephone) several regular participants living in two metro areas in the State of Maharashtra, namely, Mumbai & Pune. Another smaller city of Miraj was also included. The findings from the interviews in India are illustrative of the creative ways people have taken the old, money-based idea of bhishi and interwoven it with the fabric of social and cultural traditions. It is being kept alive to build and strengthen relationships among friends, relatives, and neighbors. Incorporating the fun dimensions ranging from enjoying different cuisine to taking trips into the old tradition seems to maintain its popularity. This behavior is noteworthy especially with India’s recent entry into the world market as an emerging economic power. Although people with lower incomes still value bhishi in its traditional role as a saving vehicle (and occasionally as a lender of last resort), most middle and upper-income earners strongly believe in this modern evolution of an old tradition and are committed to continue it.
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Chapoto, Tendayi, and Anthony Q. Q. Aboagye. "African innovations in harnessing farmer assets as collateral." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2017-144.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to document and appraise two innovations by which nontraditional forms of collateral are being used to make smallholder crop and livestock farmers bankable in Ghana and Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach The setup and operations of the warehouse receipt system (WRS) in Ghana were evaluated for the extent to which the WRS was meeting crop farmers’ expectations and the WRS’s own objectives. Owners of the WRS, a certified warehouse operator in a big city, and two operators of certified community warehouses in farming communities were interviewed. Two focus group discussions with crop farmers were also held. Information about the setup and operations of the Tawanda Nyambirai Livestock Trust (TNLT) Private Limited in Zimbabwe (TNLT) and extent of serving the credit needs of livestock farmers was obtained by telephone from the managing director. Data were gathered in April 2014 and were analyzed later. Findings Due to low output no smallholder farmer targeted by the WRS had been issued with a tradable certified warehouse receipts to serve as collateral to potential lenders. Grain aggregators (non-farmers) have aggregated enough grains from farmers to be issued warehouse receipts. Grain farmers report substantial reduction in post-harvest losses when they lodge farm proceeds with certified community warehouses. For the TNLT, more than 140 farmers had deposited 700 cattle and had been issued with tradable certificates of deposit within one year of TNLT to obtain revolving credit from one bank. Other benefits and challenges are highlighted. Originality/value Both approaches have potential of helping to solve liquidity constraints of farmers.
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"Aberration analysis of telephoto lens system by using thin lens approximation." Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/kjop.2002.13.4.275.
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Marsiati, Himmi, Saskia Nassa Mokoginta, and Sri Wuryanti. "Edukasi dan Pendampingan Kelainan Refraksi kepada Guru-Guru dan Orang Tua Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negri 03 Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat." Info Abdi Cendekia 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33476/iac.v3i2.40.
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Refractive disorders are conditions in which the light received by the eye is not focused on the retina, resulting in a blurry image on the retina. Examples of refractive errors are myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism which can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery.
Educational Results and Assistance for Refraction Disorders for Teachers and Parents of Public Elementary School Students 03 Pagi Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran District, Central Jakarta on August 24, 2020 which was carried out online through Video, WA and Google Form attended by 106 participants, providing results of increasing participant knowledge up to with 79%, PkM theme 76%, completeness of material 71%, suitability of material 81% and ability of resource persons in presenting material 84%. A further evaluation was carried out after week 4 for teachers via WA and telephone, there were some parents who had eye problems, took their children for eye consultation to the nearest hospital, some did not bring them to the hospital or puskesmas for reasons Covid-19 pandemic.
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Journal, IJSREM. "Augmented Reality in the Field of Health, Travel & Tourism During Covid-19 Pandemic." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 06, no. 05 (May 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem14170.
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The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is causing havoc all across the globe with its impact spread across all spheres of life, be it health or society or economy. With self-centered expanded reality (AR) use expanding lately, the usage of this innovation has a potential intending to wellbeing correspondence and conduct intercessions challenges. Though AR innovation layers computerized content onto this present reality self-centered AR outwardly expands oneself, layering advanced substance onto oneself. One development engaging conceited AR is video channels, which superimpose PC made content onto a client using their web or cell telephone camera ( Snap chat Lenses and AR impacts on Instagram. For instance, Snapchat's Time Machine AR focal point transforms a client's appearance to show what the client may resemble at various ages. Savvy reflects, another self-centered AR innovation, join advanced screens (eg, a LCD [liquid-gem display] screen) with cloudy glass. A savvy reflect looks and capacities correspondingly to a conventional mirror yet with advanced substance showed in the forefront. Certifiable utilizations of savvy mirrors are in plain view in vehicles, changing areas, and home exercise centres. For instance, the MIRROR home recs centre presentations wellness guidance layered on top of the client's appearance. Both AR video channels and savvy mirrors give new freedoms to showing wellbeing conduct correspondence to the general population.
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Ansari, Ejaz. "Posterior Capsulotomy Rate And Dysphotopsias Following Implantation Of Hoya iSert 250 Monofocal Intraocular Lens: 24 Month Study." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 2, no. 3 (June 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.3.316.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: to evaluate dysphotopsias, patient satisfaction and posterior capsulotomy rate in patients undergoing phacoemulsification and implantation with Hoya iSert 250 monofocal intraocular lens (IOL).
Design: retrospective cohort study. Setting- Teaching unit at a District General Hospital, UK.
Methods: patients were implanted with the hydrophobic acrylic Hoya iSert 250 monofocal IOL through a 2.2mm clear corneal/ limbal incision. For dysphotopsia data, patients responded to a telephone questionnaire describing any visual symptoms and their satisfaction. Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records, paper notes and laser records. Eyes from patients (mean age 73.6 range 64-93 years) undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of Hoya iSert 250 IOL during the period January 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014, and 2-year follow-up were analysed.
Main outcome measures: dysphotopsia rate, patient satisfaction and posterior capsulotomy rate.
Results: 106 patients had the Hoya iSert 250 lenses implanted over a seven month period in 2014. 88 patients were contacted at 24 months post- operatively. 18 had passed away or were not contactable. 61 patients completed the survey. 15 patients (24.5%) reported transient positive dysphotopsias. One patient (1.6%) reported negative dysphotopsia. 95% were either very satisfied or satisfied with their vision (59% 'very satisfied' and 36% 'satisfied'). 3 patients (4.9%) had a YAG laser capsulotomy within 24 months post-operatively.
Conclusions: the Hoya iSert 250 monofocal IOL was associated with low dysphotopsia and posterior capsulotomy rates with the majority of patients being 'Very Satisfied' with their vision at 24 months. Posterior capsulotomy rate and dysphotopsias following implantation of Hoya iSert 250 monofocal intraocular lens: 24 month study.