Relevant bibliographies by topics / Telomeric DNA; Genome

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Telomeric DNA; Genome'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Telomeric DNA; Genome"

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Bryan, Tracy M. "G-Quadruplexes at Telomeres: Friend or Foe?" Molecules 25, no. 16 (2020): 3686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163686.

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Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that cap and protect the ends of linear chromosomes. In almost all species, telomeric DNA has a G/C strand bias, and the short tandem repeats of the G-rich strand have the capacity to form into secondary structures in vitro, such as four-stranded G-quadruplexes. This has long prompted speculation that G-quadruplexes play a positive role in telomere biology, resulting in selection for G-rich tandem telomere repeats during evolution. There is some evidence that G-quadruplexes at telomeres may play a protective capping role, at least in yeast, and that they may
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Harrington, Lea, and Fabio Pucci. "In medio stat virtus : unanticipated consequences of telomere dysequilibrium." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1741 (2018): 20160444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0444.

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The integrity of chromosome ends, or telomeres, depends on myriad processes that must balance the need to compact and protect the telomeric, G-rich DNA from detection as a double-stranded DNA break, and yet still permit access to enzymes that process, replicate and maintain a sufficient reserve of telomeric DNA. When unable to maintain this equilibrium, erosion of telomeres leads to perturbations at or near the telomeres themselves, including loss of binding by the telomere protective complex, shelterin, and alterations in transcription and post-translational modifications of histones. Althoug
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Bettin, Nicole, Claudio Oss Pegorar, and Emilio Cusanelli. "The Emerging Roles of TERRA in Telomere Maintenance and Genome Stability." Cells 8, no. 3 (2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8030246.

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The finding that transcription occurs at chromosome ends has opened new fields of study on the roles of telomeric transcripts in chromosome end maintenance and genome stability. Indeed, the ends of chromosomes are required to be protected from activation of DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways. Chromosome end protection is achieved by the activity of specific proteins that associate with chromosome ends, forming telomeres. Telomeres need to be constantly maintained as they are in a heterochromatic state and fold into specific structures (T-loops), which may hamper DNA replication. In ad
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López-Fernández, C., E. Pradillo, M. Zabal-Aguirre, J. L. Fernández, C. García de la Vega, and J. Gosálvez. "Telomeric and interstitial telomeric-like DNA sequences in Orthoptera genomes." Genome 47, no. 4 (2004): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-143.

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A (TTAGG)n-specific telomeric DNA probe was hybridized to 11 orthopteroid insect genomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Nine different genera, mainly distributed within two evolutionary branches with male chromosome numbers 2n = 23 and 2n = 17 were included in the analysis. Telomere sequences yielded positive signals in every telomere and there was a considerable number of interstitial telomeric-like sequences, mainly located at the distal end of some, but not all, subterminal chromosome regions. One of the species, Pyrgomorpha conica, showed massive hybridization signals associated wi
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Pal, Jagannath, Jie Ding, Subodh Kumar, et al. "Telomerase Contributes To Repair Of DNA Breaks In Myeloma Cells By Incorporating “TTAGGG” Sequences Within Genome: Biological and Translational Significance." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1249.1249.

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Abstract We previously reported that telomerase activity is elevated in multiple myeloma (MM), and its inhibition induces telomere shortening and growth arrest in cancer cells. We have now gone on to study the role of telomerase in DNA break repair and genome maintenance in MM cells. To demonstrate the role of telomerase in DNA break repair: 1) We used g-H2AX staining (marker for DNA breaks) and comet assay, a gel-based technique for detection of DNA breaks in individual cells, and observed that telomerase inhibition leads to significantly increased DNA breaks in MM cells; 2) We have confirmed
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Stroik, Susanna, Kevin Kurtz, and Eric A. Hendrickson. "CtIP is essential for telomere replication." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 17 (2019): 8927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz652.

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Abstract The maintenance of telomere length is critical to longevity and survival. Specifically, the failure to properly replicate, resect, and/or form appropriate telomeric structures drives telomere shortening and, in turn, genomic instability. The endonuclease CtIP is a DNA repair protein that is well-known to promote genome stability through the resection of endogenous DNA double-stranded breaks. Here, we describe a novel role for CtIP. We show that in the absence of CtIP, human telomeres shorten rapidly to non-viable lengths. This telomere dysfunction results in an accumulation of fusions
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Vinayagamurthy, Soujanya, Akansha Ganguly, and Shantanu Chowdhury. "Extra-telomeric impact of telomeres: Emerging molecular connections in pluripotency or stemness." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 30 (2020): 10245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.rev119.009710.

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Telomeres comprise specialized nucleic acid–protein complexes that help protect chromosome ends from DNA damage. Moreover, telomeres associate with subtelomeric regions through looping. This results in altered expression of subtelomeric genes. Recent observations further reveal telomere length–dependent gene regulation and epigenetic modifications at sites spread across the genome and distant from telomeres. This regulation is mediated through the telomere-binding protein telomeric repeat–binding factor 2 (TRF2). These observations suggest a role of telomeres in extra-telomeric functions. Most
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Fernandes, Stina George, Rebecca Dsouza, Gouri Pandya, et al. "Role of Telomeres and Telomeric Proteins in Human Malignancies and Their Therapeutic Potential." Cancers 12, no. 7 (2020): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071901.

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Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes comprised of repetitive nucleotide sequences in humans. Telomeres preserve chromosomal stability and genomic integrity. Telomere length shortens with every cell division in somatic cells, eventually resulting in replicative senescence once telomere length becomes critically short. Telomere shortening can be overcome by telomerase enzyme activity that is undetectable in somatic cells, while being active in germline cells, stem cells, and immune cells. Telomeres are bound by a shelterin complex that regulates telomere lengthening as well as protects t
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Cohn, Marita, Ahu Karademir Andersson, Raquel Quintilla Mateo, and Mirja Carlsson Möller. "Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in the Budding Yeast Naumovozyma castellii." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 9, no. 10 (2019): 3345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400428.

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The enzyme telomerase ensures the integrity of linear chromosomes by maintaining telomere length. As a hallmark of cancer, cell immortalization and unlimited proliferation is gained by reactivation of telomerase. However, a significant fraction of cancer cells instead uses alternative telomere lengthening mechanisms to ensure telomere function, collectively known as Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT). Although the budding yeast Naumovozyma castellii (Saccharomyces castellii) has a proficient telomerase activity, we demonstrate here that telomeres in N. castellii are efficiently maintai
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Rassoulzadegan, Minoo, Ali Sharifi-Zarchi, and Leila Kianmehr. "DNA-RNA Hybrid (R-Loop): From a Unified Picture of the Mammalian Telomere to the Genome-Wide Profile." Cells 10, no. 6 (2021): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061556.

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Local three-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid regions of genomes (R-loops) have been detected either by binding of a monoclonal antibody (DRIP assay) or by enzymatic recognition by RNaseH. Such a structure has been postulated for mouse and human telomeres, clearly suggested by the identification of the complementary RNA Telomeric repeat-containing RNA “TERRA”. However, the tremendous disparity in the information obtained with antibody-based technology drove us to investigate a new strategy. Based on the observation that DNA/RNA hybrids in a triplex complex genome co-purify with the double-stranded chrom
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Telomeric DNA; Genome"

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Brown, Karen E. "Telomere-directed breakage of the human Y chromosome." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260731.

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Bhattacharjee, Anukana M. S. "Characterization of the DNA Binding Properties of CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) And Their Importance for CST Function in Telomeric as well as Genome-wide Replication." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504781845245038.

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Pataskar, Shashank S. "Structure Function Studies Of Biologically Important Simple Repetitive DNA Sequences." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/261.

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The recent explosion of DNA sequence information has provided compelling evidence for the following facts. (1) Simple repetitive sequences-microsatellites and minisatellites occur commonly in the human genome and (2) these repetitive DNA sequences could play an important role in the regulation of various genetic processes including modulation of gene expression. These sequences exhibit extensive polymorphism in both length and the composition between species and between organisms of the same species and even cells of the same organism. The repetitive DNA sequences also exhibit structural polym
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Starling, Jacqueline. "Telomeres and related repetitive DNA in the mouse genome." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14482.

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This project was designed to isolate and characterise interstitial telomere repeat containing loci from the human and mouse genomes and to investigate the nature of the mouse telomere. Cloning of the internal telomere repeat loci proved to be extremely difficult and so alternative methods such as restriction enzyme analysis, hybridisation analysis, inheritance studies, and mapping within recombinant inbred and backcross mouse strains were employed to characterise these regions within the mouse genome. Similar methods were used to characterise mouse telomeres. From these experiments it was show
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Khurana, Jaspreet S. "Drosophila piRNA Function in Genome Maintenance, Telomere Protection and Genome Evolution: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2010. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/518.

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Upon fertilization, the early embryo sustains most of the cellular processes using the maternally deposited reserves in the egg itself until the zygotic gene expression takes charge. Among the plethora of essential components provided by the mother are small non-coding RNAs called PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which provide immunity to the zygote against transposon challenge. In this thesis, I have presented three different functions of piRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster- in maintenance of genomic integrity, telomere protection and their role as an adaptive immune system against genomic paras
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Dechyeva, Daryna. "Molecular-cytogenetic analysis of repetitive sequences in genomes of Beta species and hybrids." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1153318263914-87397.

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The elucidation of the composition and organization of genomes of higher plants is a fundamental problem of modern molecular biology. The genus Beta containing 14 species assigned to the sections Beta, Corollinae, Nanae and Procumbentes provides a suitable system for the comparative study of the nuclear genomes. Sugar beet Beta vulgaris has a genome size of 758 Mbp DNA with estimated 63 % repetitive sequences and the number of chromosomes n=9. The wild beet Beta procumbens is an important natural pool of resistance against pests and tolerance to unfavorable growth conditions. The subject of th
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Beyer, Tracey Elaine, and Tracey Elaine Beyer. "Ontogeny of Unstable Chromosomes Formed by Telomere Replication Error." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621103.

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The integrity of the genome relies on the maintenance of chromosomes, the structural embodiment of the genetic material. Disruption of chromosome replication can lead to extensive genomic rearrangements, spanning kilobase (Kb) to megabase (Mb) regions. Some chromosome rearrangements are inherently dynamic, beginning as a single unstable rearrangement from which multiple rearrangements emerge. The rare formation and transient behavior of unstable chromosomes renders their study challenging. Here I characterize the genetic ontogeny of unstable chromosomes in a budding yeast model, from initial r
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Silva, João Paulo Lopes da. "Comparação dos Perfis Transcricionais de Genes de Reparo e Duplicação do DNA e Medidas de Comprimento Telomérico entre Grupos de Indivíduos Jovens, Idosos e Centenários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-28072015-114601/.

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A instabilidade genômica tem sido implicada como um dos principais fatores relacionados ao processo de envelhecimento. Esta é consequência do acumulo de danos no DNA em células somáticas continuamente expostas a fatores endógenos e exógenos. Um grupo de proteínas que desempenha diversos papéis na manutenção e estabilidade do genoma é formado pelas RecQ helicases, atuando em vários processos do metabolismo celular, tais como replicação do DNA, recombinação, reparo do DNA e manutenção dos telômeros. Algumas evidencias relacionam a expressão aberrante destas proteínas ao envelhecimento precoce. C
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Monfouilloux, Sylvaine. "Etude de la structure et de l'évolution d'une région de translocations sous télomériques chez l'homme." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES065.

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Les extrémités des chromosomes comportent le télomère puis la région sous télomérique. Ces deux domaines se distinguent des autres régions chromosomiques car ils évoluent par des échanges entre les chromosomes hétérologues. Le télomère est une structure spécialisée constituant la fin des chromosomes et indispensable à leur stabilité. Il joue un rôle important dans l'organisation spatiale des chromosomes en particulier dans l'agglutination des extrémités chromosomiques en périphérie nucléaire. La région sous télomérique, adjacente au télomère est très redondante entre les chromosomes hétérologu
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Burkert, Christian Martin. "Cis-regulation and genetic control of gene expression in neuroblastoma." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23008.

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Genregulation beeinflusst Phänotypen im Kontext von Gesundheit und Krankheit. In Krebszellen regulieren genetische und epigenetische Faktoren die Genexpression in cis. Das Neuroblastom ist eine Krebserkrankung, die häufig im Kindesalter auftritt. Es ist gekennzeichnet durch eine geringe Anzahl exonischer Mutationen und durch häufige Veränderungen der somatischen Kopienzahl, einschließlich Genamplifikationen auf extrachromosomaler zirkulärer DNA. Bisher ist wenig darüber bekannt, wie lokale genetische und epigenetische Faktoren Gene im Neuroblastom regulieren. In dieser Arbeit kombiniere ich di
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Books on the topic "Telomeric DNA; Genome"

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Dodds, Chris, Chandra M. Kumar, and Frédérique Servin. Pathophysiological changes of ageing and their relevance to anaesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735571.003.0002.

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The molecular basis of ageing is reviewed. This includes the concept of a summation of DNA damage over a lifetime causing genome instability. Epigenetic alterations, telomeric shortening, and the possibility of their modification are discussed. Oxidative and mitochondrial DNA damage and the resulting dysfunction leading to senescence are briefly described. Systemic problems and resultant behavioural adaptation may mask the decline in functional reserve and cause some of the difficulties in identifying its presence in ill elderly patients. Specific organ system changes are then described in som
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Book chapters on the topic "Telomeric DNA; Genome"

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Paro, Renato, Ueli Grossniklaus, Raffaella Santoro, and Anton Wutz. "Biology of Chromatin." In Introduction to Epigenetics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68670-3_1.

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AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to chromatin. We will examine the organization of the genome into a nucleosomal structure. DNA is wrapped around a globular complex of 8 core histone proteins, two of each histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. This nucleosomal arrangement is the context in which information can be established along the sequence of the DNA for regulating different aspects of the chromosome, including transcription, DNA replication and repair processes, recombination, kinetochore function, and telomere function. Posttranslational modifications of histone proteins and modifications of DNA bases underlie chromatin-based epigenetic regulation. Enzymes that catalyze histone modifications are considered writers. Conceptually, erasers remove these modifications, and readers are proteins binding these modifications and can target specific functions. On a larger scale, the 3-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin in the nucleus also contributes to gene regulation. Whereas chromosomes are condensed during mitosis and segregated during cell division, they occupy discrete volumes called chromosome territories during interphase. Looping or folding of DNA can bring regulatory elements including enhancers close to gene promoters. Recent techniques facilitate understanding of 3D contacts at high resolution. Lastly, chromatin is dynamic and changes in histone occupancy, histone modifications, and accessibility of DNA contribute to epigenetic regulation.
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Simon, Marie-Noelle, Alkmini Kalousi, Evi Soutoglou, Vincent Géli, and Catherine Dargemont. "Nuclear Pore Complexes in DNA Repair and Telomere Maintenance." In Nuclear Pore Complexes in Genome Organization, Function and Maintenance. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71614-5_9.

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Monson, Ellen K., Vincent P. Schulz, and Virginia A. Zakian. "Telomere Length Regulation by the Pif1 DNA Helicase." In Genomic Instability and Immortality in Cancer. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5365-6_7.

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Dewar, James M., and David Lydall. "Simple, Non-radioactive Measurement of Single-Stranded DNA at Telomeric, Sub-telomeric, and Genomic Loci in Budding Yeast." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-998-3_24.

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Fouquerel, Elise, Ryan P. Barnes, Hong Wang, and Patricia L. Opresko. "Measuring UV Photoproduct Repair in Isolated Telomeres and Bulk Genomic DNA." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9500-4_20.

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Lucchesi, John C. "Aging, cellular senescence and cancer: the role of genomic instability, cellular homeostasis and telomeres." In Epigenetics, Nuclear Organization & Gene Function. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831204.003.0020.

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Aging hallmarks are causative factors of oncogenesis. Genomic instability results from the accumulation of errors that occur during DNA replication or from exposure to endogenous or environmental insults. The genome contains genes responsible for normal cell division and differentiation (oncogenes), and genes that regulate cell division and limit cell growth and proliferation (tumor suppressor genes). Over-expression of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressors results in cancer. During aging, alterations in proteostasis result in the disruption of metabolic pathways that connect with environmental factors. Telomeres are terminal regions of chromosomes that protect the DNA from attack by exonucleases, prevent end-to-end fusions and prevent the shortening of the DNA molecules at each replication cycle. Using RNA as a template, telomerase synthesizes telomeric DNA. Telomerase is absent in most adult human tissues, resulting in a progressive shortening of all telomeres and causing cells to senesce. Cancer cells must activate telomerase to gain “immortality.”
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Buscemi, Giacomo. "DNA repair and genome integrity." In Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology, edited by Francesco Pezzella, Mahvash Tavassoli, and David J. Kerr. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779452.003.0002.

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The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex network of pathways involving hundreds of proteins with the main goal to detect and fix lesions occurring to DNA structure, thus preserving genome stability throughout generations. To enhance repair efficiency and eventually clear unrepaired harmful cells, the DDR has under its own control the progression of cell cycle, the induction of cellular senescence and the apoptotic programme. Furthermore, cells take advantage of DDR to manage break-like structures, such as telomeres, and to check processes involving DNA ‘cut and paste’ steps like meiosis and immune response. Since all these aspects of a cell life are frequently altered in cancer, not unexpectedly, deregulation of DDR is an essential step during carcinogenesis. Indeed, even if mutations in DDR genes partially reduce the repair ability of a precancerous cell, they also enhance the possibility of oncogene mutation, allow hyper-replication and promote cell survival and adaptation in stressed conditions. On the other side, impairment of DNA repair sensitizes cancer cells to radio and chemotherapeutic agents inducing DNA damage and DDR components are promising targets to enhance therapy efficiency.
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McHughen, Alan. "Is Human DNA Special?" In DNA Demystified. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 explores “Human DNA” and the genetic features of human beings. Genetic inheritance in humans follows the same patterns and principles as those of other animals and plants, but far more scientists have studied humans than have studied any other species. Thus, scientists have accumulated a hugely disproportionate amount of information directly relevant to humans. This chapter examines some curious features of human evolution. Is there a genetic basis for human race and genetic “purity”? Are telomeres ticking time bombs inside cells limiting the human life span? How did most humans end up with Neanderthal DNA in their genomes? It’s just the way the DNA cookie crumbles. This chapter also introduces the use of technology based on DNA, from human DNA fingerprinting to probing human history.
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Raimondo, Salvatore, Mariacira Gentile, Tommaso Gentile, and Luigi Montano. "Presence of p53 Protein on Spermatozoa DNA: A Novel Environmental Bio-Marker and Implications for Male Fertility." In P53 - A Guardian of the Genome and Beyond [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99559.

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Many studies suggest a direct relationship between toxic effects and an increase in the p53 protein on cellular DNA. For our studies, we used sperm DNA as an indicator of environmental toxic effects, dosing p53 quantitatively. To assess possible variations, we used semen samples from two homogeneous male groups living permanently in areas with different environmental impact. The toxic effects of the selected high environmental impact area are caused by both soil and air pollution, while the selected low environmental impact area is a nature reserve where there are no landfills, but only rural factories. As we work with reproductive cells, our interest was inevitably focused on sperm DNA damage and whether this damage could affect their fertilizing capacity. The length of telomeres and the quantification of protamines are being studied to better define the possible damage.
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"Structure of DNA and Telomeres." In Anatomy of Gene Regulation. Cambridge University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511606403.004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Telomeric DNA; Genome"

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Kant, Nimita, and Perumal Senthiappan Jayaraj. "Evaluation of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin." In Annual Conference of Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology (ISMPO). Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735375.

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Abstract Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is highly invasive malignant tumor showing keratinocytic differentiation and is often associated with chronic exposure to UV light. Telomerase is RNA dependent DNA polymerase that causes addition of telomeric repeat DNA sequences to chromosomal ends. Recently, UV signature mutations have been identified in core promoter region of TERT gene, which encodes the main catalytic subunit leading to overexpression in cutaneous melanoma. However, its role and expression pattern have not been studied in eyelid skin SCC. Objectives Present study aimed t
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Sadler, J. Evan. "THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643930.

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Human von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a plasma glycoprotein that is synthesized by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, and perhaps by syncytiotrophoblast of placenta. The biosynthesis of vWF is very complex, involving proteolytic processing, glycosyla-tion, disulfide bond formation, and sulfation. Mature vWF consists of a single subunit of ∼ 250,000 daltons that is assembled into multimer ranging from dimers to species of over 10 million daltons. vWF performs its essential hemostatic function through several binding interactions, forming a bridge between specific receptors on the platelet sur
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