Academic literature on the topic 'Temne language Temne language Temne language'

Temne belongs to the South Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo (formerly the Southern Branch of the Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo; Blench 2006, Childs 2010) spoken in the northern part of Sierra Leone. According to Ethnologue (ISO 639–3: tem, Lewis 2009), Temne has a population of about 1.2 million native speakers. Like other South Atlantic languages, Temne is a tonal language with a noun class system, prefixed noun class markers and agreeing prefixes on dependent elements. Features determining class membership include number and animacy. Temne also features extension suffixes which alter the valency or the semantic structure of simple verb stems. The basic word order is Subject–Verb–Object.

ABSTRACTMany personal names in Temne (a Mel language spoken in Sierra Leone) are borrowed from other languages, and some contain foreign sounds and sequences which are unpronounceable for Temne speakers when they appear in other words. Contrary to what would be expected within a model of borrowing in which foreign sounds and sequences are modified over time to conform with the borrowers' language, the foreign sounds and sequences which occur in Temne names are stable. This paper treats these exceptions to the Temne phonological System as instances of phonological stereotyping – cases in which sounds and sequences, although they may be exceptions to the core phonology of a language, have acquired expressive meaning. (Linguistic borrowing, phonology, personal names, Sierra Leone)

This paper presents the first documentation of the noun class system of the dying language Mani (buy), “Bullom So” in Ethnologue, a.k.a. Mmani, Mandenyi, etc.) spoken in Guinea and Sierra Leone. Mani has some few hundred speakers, all of whom speak either Soso (sus) or Temne (tem) as their everyday language.

Abstract Seneca His Tenne Tragedies (1581) was the first printed collection of Seneca’s tragedies in English. This article re-examines this publication in the context of early modern production of collected unannotated editions of Seneca’s tragedies on the European mainland, and of the editorial and intellectual interests of its compiler, Thomas Newton. It identifies Newton as something of an early modern ‘print professional’, who was involved in the production of a wide variety of texts, translations, and commendatory poetry, and who used a variety of sophisticated strategies in print to draw attention to and to promote his own capacities and achievements; and it shows how the Tenne Tragedies participates in these practices. Attending to Newton’s activities alongside Jasper Heywood’s translation of Hercules furens reveals significant discontinuities in approach between the Tenne Tragedies and one of its constituent texts. Heywood’s translation first appeared in 1561 in a parallel-text format that was not designed for inclusion in a single-language collection such as the Tenne Tragedies, as one early modern reader’s response to the translation in this later printed context may show. Newton’s presentation of the Tenne Tragedies volume, and his particular attitude towards ‘Seneca’, complicates current critical understanding of the reception and uses of Senecan tragedy in Elizabethan England, and of any ‘project’ of Senecan translation in the period, which may be more an effect of Newton’s editorial proclivities, combined with modern understanding of Seneca as a single author, than reflective of attitudes towards Senecan tragedy in early modern England more generally.

Education has always been socially conditioned. On the one hand, everything that happens in society necessarily reflects on the education process, and on the other hand, all changes in education cause changes in society. Baština journal, which used to be published by the Institute for the Study of Culture of Serbs, Montenegrins, Croats and Muslims in Priština from 1991 to 1997, and by the Institute for Serbian Culture in Priština since 1998, which has now been based in Leposavić since 1999, publishes papers in the field of social and humanistic sciences. These papers most often discuss topics in the field of Literature, History, History of Culture, Ethnology, Political Science and Sociology, and occasionally in the field of Ethnomusicology, Demography, Archeology, Art, Art History, Language, Literature and Aesthetics, while one journal issue published a special topic - Vladeta Vuković's Works. The journal has so far also included Discussions and Review, Chronicles and Composition. In this paper, the coauthors investigate the representation of education-related topics, as well as the character, scope and intensity of these topics in the Baština Journal from the first edition in 1991 to the latest edition in 2020. A retrospective study of scientific and professional papers showed that a total of 63 papers were published that directly and indirectly study education, primarily in the field of the history of pedagogy, general pedagogical topics and other education-related issues. These topics were mostly published within the History of Culture pillar. As a separate topic, Education was present only in two issues in 2007 and in one issue in 2009 and in the last two issues in 2020 within the Pedagogy course.

V prispevku so obravnavana poimenovanja barv v romanu Rodzina Połanieckich Henryka Sienkiewicza v primerjavi z njihovimi ustrezniki v slovenskem prevodu Petra Miklavca (Podravskega) iz leta 1904. Analiza se nanaša na pogosta poimenovanja, kot so biały, czarny, ciemny, jasny in czerwony, sln. bel, črn, temen, jasen, svetel in rdeč ter tudi na izredna poimenovanja, kot je suknia koloru irys, sln. obleka perunikove barve. Predstavljamo pomenske in formalne prevajalske transformacije obravnavanih poimenovanj barv.

U radu se opisuju različiti sustavi naglašivanja s osobitim osvrtom na Školski rječnik hrvatskoga jezika i Hrvatski mrežni rječnik (Mrežnik). Posebno se problematiziraju četiri teme: 1) odnos priručnika prema standardnojezičnim naglasnim pravilima, 2) pitanje uporabne norme s posebnim osvrtom na naglasni inventar i dijalektnu sliku, 3) provedba načela normativne hijerarhije u naglasnoj normi te 4) primjeri obrade iz dvaju navedenih rječnika.

U radu se kritički pristupa poimanju rječnika kao neutralnog izvora znanja. Rječnik se proučava kao zbirka tragova koje u njemu ostavljaju autori i sredina u kojoj nastaje. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja otkriti kako su se u jednojezičnim objasnidbenim rječnicima hrvatskoga i češkog jezika odrazile razlike u društvenom uređenju dviju bivših socijalistički uređenih država: SFRJ i Čehoslovačke. Provedena je sociolingvistička poredbena analiza prvenstveno predgovora čeških i hrvatskih rječnika objavljenih tijekom socijalističkog razdoblja. Posebna pozornost posvećena je dijelovima teksta koji se odnose na društvenu zbilju i okolnosti nastanka rječnika. Glavna pretpostavka bila je da će socijalizmu i njegovim utjecajima na leksikografiju više pozornosti biti posvećeno u češkim rječnicima, dok će hrvatski rječnici u većoj mjeri obrađivati temu jezika kao indeksa nacionalnoga identiteta. Analiza dobivenih podataka bolje rasvjetljuje položaj leksikografske djelatnosti u uspoređivanim društvima i opisuje utjecaje koje na nju imaju nejezikoslovne (ekonomske, političke, ideološke) okolnosti. Rezultati potvrđuju hipotezu o prisutnosti teme socijalizma u češkim rječnicima i teme jezika kao indeksa nacionalnoga identiteta u hrvatskim rječnicima.

U okviru doktorske disertacije razvijena je brza i selektivna metoda zaodređivanje i praćenje ostataka herbicida na bazi sulfonilurea (nikosulfuron,oksasulfuron, tribenuron metil, tritosulfuron, triasulfuron, rimsulfuron iprosulfuron) u zemlji&scaron;tu primenom visoko pritisne tečne hromatografije saUV detektor sa nizom fotoosetljivih dioda (HPLC-UV-DAD). Razdvajanjesulfonilurea je izvedeno uz primenu Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 kolone. U ciljudefinisanja odgovarajućih uslova analize, ispitan je i definisan uticajnajznačajnijih eksperimentalnih faktora. Usvojeni su sledeći optimalni uslovigradijentne elucije: mobilna faza acetonitril (A) i 0,1% sirćetna kiselina (B) t= 0 min, 52% A; t = 2-2,5 min, 47% A; t = 2,5-5 min, 52% A, pri konstatnomprotoku od 1 mL min-1 i temperaturi kolone od 250C. Na osnovu odzivaanalitičkog signala, njegove reproduktivnosti i linearnosti, talasna dužina od240 nm je usvojena kao odgovarajuća. Utvrđeno je da je uticaj matriksa bioizražen te je stoga za kvantitativno određivanje sadržaja SU u uzorcimazemlji&scaron;ta primenom HPLC-UV-DAD metode kori&scaron;ćena MMC kalibracionakriva. Pri analizi ekstrakata nekontaminiranog zemlji&scaron;ta ostvarena je granicakvantitativnog određivanja za nikosulfuron, oksasulfuron, tribenuron metil,tritosulfuron, triasulfuron, rimsulfuron i prosulfuron od 3,16 &mu;g kg-1, 3,40 &mu;gkg-1, 3,76 &mu;g kg-1, 4,13 &mu;g kg-1, 3,60 &mu;g kg-1, 3,04 &mu;g kg-1 i 2,97 &mu;g kg-1,redom. Za potrebe osetljivijih, selektivnijih i tačnijih određivanja SU uzemlji&scaron;tu, definisana je metoda uz primenu tečne hromatografije satandemskom masenom spektrometrijom (HPLC-MS-MS). HPLC-MS-MS jekori&scaron;ćena kao referntna tehnika za proveru rezultata koji su dobijeniprimenom HPLC uz UV-DAD detektor. Definisan je efikasan postupak zapripremu uzoraka zemlji&scaron;ta u cilju hromatografskog određivanja SU.Najefikasnija ekstrakcija ostvarena je primenom sme&scaron;e dihlormetanacetonitril(2:1, v/v), zaki&scaron;eljene sirćetnom kiselinom (0,8%, v/v), uz dodatakuree (0,3 g/ 10g zemlji&scaron;ta). Postupak mikrotalasne estrakcije u zatvorenomsistemu omogućio je najbolje uslove za ekstrakciju SU. U cilju izdvajanja SU,iz matriksa ekstrakata zemlji&scaron;ta, primenjena je ekstrakcija na čvrstoj fazi (SPE) sa silika gelom kao adsorbensom. Definisana metoda za određivanjeispitivanih SU, kao i razvijeni postupak pripreme uzoraka, uspe&scaron;no jeprimenjen u analizi realnih uzoraka zemlji&scaron;ta. Veoma dobre vrednosti testapovrata ostvarene pri analizi primenom HPLC-UV-DAD metode, potvrdile supre svega ispravnost postupka pripreme uzoraka, a delom i kompletnemetode. Tačnost razvijene metode za određivanje SU u zemlji&scaron;tu potvrđena jeparalelnim analizama uzoraka zemlji&scaron;ta kori&scaron;ćenjem HPLC-MS-MS.Primenom Studentovog t-testa (upareni), utvrđeno je da se rezultati paralelnihanaliza statistički značajno ne razlikuju (P=95%). Istraživanja u okvirudisertacije obuhvatila su i praćenje disipacije nikosulfurona, rimsulfurona,oksasulfurona i prosufurona u različitim komercijalnim dozama primenetokom 50 dana u polju na tri različite dubine (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm i 30-45 cm),kao i laboratorijskim uslovima na dve temperature (250C i 300C). Vremepolurazgradnje (DT50) ispitivanih SU (nikosulfuron, oksasulfuron iprosulfuron) definisano Mitttag-Lefler-ovom funkcijom u ogledima ulaboratorijskim uslovima na 250C iznosilo je 0,65 dana (50 g ha-1 a.k.), 0,64dana (160 g ha-1 a.k.) i 0,66 dana (30 g ha-1 a.k.), redom, a na 300C zanikosulfuron 0,20 dana (50 g ha-1 a.k.) i prosulfuron 0,49 dana (50 g ha-1 a.k.).DT50 za ispitivane SU u polju, takođe definisano Mitttag-Lefler-ovomfunkcijom, iznosilo je 72 minuta (0,05 dana), 0,23 dana, 0,12 dana i 0,15dana, za nikosulfuron, rimsulfuron, oksasulfuron i prosulfuron, redom.Značajno veća disipacija koja je utvrđena istraživanjima u okviru ovedisertacije najverovatnije je uzrokovana uticajem abiotičkih i biotičkihprocesa, kao i faktora spolja&scaron;nje sredine.<br>In this thesis a fast and selective method for determination and monitoringof residues sulfonylurea herbicides (SU) (nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron,tribenuron methyl, tritosulfuron, triasulfuron, rimsulfuron and prosulfuron)in soil, by applying high-performance liquid chromatography with UVdetector with diode array diodes (HPLC-UV-DAD) was developed. Theseparation of the sulfonylurea was performed by use of a Zorbax EclipseXDB-C18 column. In order to define appropriate conditions of analysis,the influence of the most significant the experimental factors wasinvestigated and defined. The following optimal conditions for gradientelution: mobile phase acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% acetic acid (B) t = 0 min,52% A; t = 2-2.5 min, 47% A; t = 2.5-5 min, 52% A were adopted at aconstant flow rate of 1 mL min-1 and column temperature of 250C. Onbasis of the response of the analytical signal, its reproducibility andlinearity, the wavelength of 240 nm was adopted as an appropriate. Theinfluence of the matrix was expressed and therefore for the quantitativedetermination of investigated SU in soil samples application of HPLCUV-DAD methods was used MMC calibration curve. In the analysis ofextracts of nocontaminated soil limits of quantitation for nicosulfuron,oxasulfuron, tribenuron methyl, tritosulfuron, triasulfuron, rimsulfuron andprosulfuron was achieved 3.16 &mu;g kg-1, 3.40 &mu;g kg-1, 3.76 &mu;g kg-1, 4.13 &mu;gkg-1, 3.60 &mu;g kg-1, 3.04 &mu;g kg-1 and 2.97 &mu;g kg-1, respectively. The methodby using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MSMS)was defined in order to find more sensitive, more selective and moreaccurate way to determine concentration SU in soil. HPLC-MS-MS wasused as the reference technique for checking results that have beenobtained by HPLC with UV-DAD detector. An efficient procedurepreparation of soil samples for the purpose chromatographic determinationof SU was defined. Using a mixture of dichloromethane-acetonitrile (2: 1,v / v), acidified with acetic acid (0.8%, v / v), with the addition of urea (0.3g / 10 g soil) was applied as the most effective way for extraction SU.Microwave extraction process in a closed system allowed the bestconditions for the extraction of SU. In order to extract SU from matrixexctracts soil the solid phase the extraction (SPE) with silica gel as anadsorbent was used. The defined method for determination of investigated SU, as well as the developed procedure of sample preparation, wassuccessfully applied in the analysis of real samples of soil. The correctnessof procedure of sample preparation was confirmed with very good valuesof recovery test which was applied in the analysis by using HPLC-UVDAD.The accuracy of the developed method for determination of SU wasconfirmed by coupled analysis soil samples using HPLC-MS-MS. Theresults of parallel analysis does not differ significantly at 95% confidencelevel. It was obtained using Student t-test (paired). The method developedin this thesis was used for monitoring the dissipation of nicosulfuron,rimsulfuron, oxasulfuron prosufuron, in different commercial doses ofapplication during 50 days in field at three different depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm) and for laboratory conditions at two temperatures(25&ordm;C and 30&ordm;C). The half-life time (DT50) of investigated SU werecalculated by use of Mitttag-Lefler function in experiments underlaboratory conditions at 25&ordm;C. The values of DT50 for nicosulfuron,prosufuron and oxasulfuron read: 0.65 days (50 g ha-1 a.k.), 0.64 days (160g ha-1 a.k.) and 0.66 days (30 g ha-1 a.k.), respectively. In the same type ofexperiments at 30&ordm;C we get DT50 for nicosulfuron equals 0.20 days (50 gha-1 a.k.) and for prosulfuron equals 0.49 days (50 g ha-1 a.k.). The valuesof DT50 on experiments in field were obtain also by use of Mitttag-Lefler&#39;sfunction, and half-life times for nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, oxasulfuron andprosufuron from the commercially recommended doses, equal 72 minutes(0.05 days), 0.23 days, 0.12 days and 0.15 days, respectively. Significantlygreater dissipation which was determined in this thesis was probablycaused by the influence of abiotic and biotic processes as well asenvironmental factors.

Ова дисертација се бави проучавањем средњовјековних историјских тема упериодици која је излазила на подручју данашње Црне Горе у периоду од 1835. године до1941. године. Циљ нашег истраживања био је сакупљање и анализа разнородне грађе отемама из средњовјековља јужнословенског простора, које су третиране и објављене упериодици на простору Црне Горе у посматраном периоду, њихово груписање у тематскецјелине, хронолошко излагање, као и састављање једног потпуног и вјеродостојногисторијског прегледа развоја медијевистике у периодици на простору Црне Горе упоменутом периоду. У раду је обрађено 458 текстова у којима је заступљенасредњовјековна тематика, од којих је највећи број објављен у часописима: ГласуЦрногорца, Зетском гласнику, Записима, Просвјети, Гласу Боке, Гласнику Народногуниверзитета Боке Которске и Зети. Такође, кроз систематизовани преглед, углавномдескриптивног карактера, жељели смо да дамо потпунију слику и што свестранијеизложимо све радове из средњовјековне историје јужнословенског простора објављене упериодици на простору Црне Горе у посматраном периоду. Намјера је била да изложимосваку помена вреднију активност на овом пољу, што би могло представљати доприносизучавању и заокруживању слике заступљености медијавистике у историографији ЦрнеГоре.Значај дисертације огледа се у томе што овој проблематици, до сада, нијепоклоњена пуна пажња у радовима који су се бавили периодиком на простору данашњеЦрне Горе у посматраном периоду. Такође, чланцима који се односе на средњовјековнипериод јачала се национална свијест, утврђивао идентитет, његовала културна баштина ифолклор.&nbsp;<br>Ova disertacija se bavi proučavanjem srednjovjekovnih istorijskih tema uperiodici koja je izlazila na području današnje Crne Gore u periodu od 1835. godine do1941. godine. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je sakupljanje i analiza raznorodne građe otemama iz srednjovjekovlja južnoslovenskog prostora, koje su tretirane i objavljene uperiodici na prostoru Crne Gore u posmatranom periodu, njihovo grupisanje u tematskecjeline, hronološko izlaganje, kao i sastavljanje jednog potpunog i vjerodostojnogistorijskog pregleda razvoja medijevistike u periodici na prostoru Crne Gore upomenutom periodu. U radu je obrađeno 458 tekstova u kojima je zastupljenasrednjovjekovna tematika, od kojih je najveći broj objavljen u časopisima: GlasuCrnogorca, Zetskom glasniku, Zapisima, Prosvjeti, Glasu Boke, Glasniku Narodnoguniverziteta Boke Kotorske i Zeti. Takođe, kroz sistematizovani pregled, uglavnomdeskriptivnog karaktera, željeli smo da damo potpuniju sliku i što svestranijeizložimo sve radove iz srednjovjekovne istorije južnoslovenskog prostora objavljene uperiodici na prostoru Crne Gore u posmatranom periodu. Namjera je bila da izložimosvaku pomena vredniju aktivnost na ovom polju, što bi moglo predstavljati doprinosizučavanju i zaokruživanju slike zastupljenosti medijavistike u istoriografiji CrneGore.Značaj disertacije ogleda se u tome što ovoj problematici, do sada, nijepoklonjena puna pažnja u radovima koji su se bavili periodikom na prostoru današnjeCrne Gore u posmatranom periodu. Takođe, člancima koji se odnose na srednjovjekovniperiod jačala se nacionalna svijest, utvrđivao identitet, njegovala kulturna baština ifolklor.&nbsp;<br>This dissertation deals in with the study of medieval historical themes in Montenegrinperiodicals which coming out on the territory of Montenegro in the period from 1835 to 1941.The aim of our study was the collection and analysis of diverse materials on topics frommedieval on area of the South Slavic, which treated and published in Montenegrin periodicalson area of Montenegro in the observed period, their grouping into thematic units, chronologicalpresentation, as well as the drafting of a comprehensive and credible historical overviewdevelopment medieval history in Montenegrin periodicals on area of Montenegro during thisperiod. The study included 458 articles in which he represented a medieval theme, of which thelargest number was published in magazines: Glas Crnogorca, Zetski glasnik, Zapisi, Prosvjeta,Glas Boke, Glasnik Narodnog univerziteta Boke Kotorske and Zeta. Also, through the systematicreview, mainly descriptive character, we wanted to give a more complete picture and mostcomprehensive expose all the works of the medieval history about area of the South Slavicpublished in Montenegrin periodicals on the area of Montenegro in observed period. Theintention was to expose every noteworthy activity in this field, which could represent acontribution to the study and completing the image representation medieval history in thehistoriography of Montenegro. The importance of the dissertation is reflected in the fact that thisissue does not give full attention until now in papres which dealt with periodical on the area ofpresent-day Montenegro in the observed period. Also, the articles which refers to the medievalperiod by strengthening the national consciousness, determined the identity, cherished culturalheritage and folklore.

The aim of the dissertation entitled Topicalization andLeft Dislocation in English and Serbian is to describeand offer a generative account of the syntactic andinformation-structural properties of topicalization andleft dislocation in the languages in question, twosuperficially similar preposing structures whichexpress the same propositions, but are not felicitous inthe same context. The analysis is not contrastive in thesense that we are looking for English-Serbiancounterparts or vice versa, but the tertiumcomparationis are the phenomena of topicalizationand left dislocation. The fundamental diagnostics ofdifferentiating between the two variants of leftdislocation identified in Serbian is laid out, viz.Hanging Topic Left Dislocation and Contrastive LeftDislocation. The dissertation also explores howinformational structuring of an utterance determinescontextual choices. The lexicon provides the input tothe computational system which by means of featuresbuilds structure via phases and also gives rise todisplacement. The data related to information structurecome from the numeration. The results of the researchindicate that the notion of a topic should bedeconstructed in a combination of the features [+/-a(nchored), +/-c(ontrastive)], similarly to L&oacute;pez(2009), anchored in the sense of Birner &amp; Ward(1998), and contrastive in the pragmatic sense of Titov(2013), whereby [+/-c] is parasitic on [+a].Topicalization in both English and Serbian, andContrastive Left Dislocation in Serbian mark topicsvii[+a, +c], whereas Hanging Topic Left DislocationHTLD in both English and Serbian marks topic [+a, -c]. It is argued that adding pragmatic features inaddition to formal ones relevant to the derivation bythe operation which forms the numeration does notoffend the Inclusiveness Condition either. Theinterpretation of an element marked as a topic is theresult of its featural content and its syntactic position,reflecting the interaction of syntax, prosody andpragmatics. Pragmatic features are valued butuninterpretable in the numeration rendering thesyntactic object containing it active for syntacticoperations. Probe (pragmatic) features triggerAgree(ment), but not displacement. It is an edgefeature that drives movement or Internal Merge. It isargued that topicalization in both English and Serbianis generated by movement. The edge feature on C(Force) licenses the TopP if it is required for theinterpretation and if it is structurally possible, asobserved by Jim&eacute;nez-Fern&aacute;ndez &amp; Miyagawa (2014).Unlike in English, the non-phase head T in Serbiancan inherit an edge feature from C and license theTopP in the Spec,TP in those structures which are saidto be incompatible with topicalization in English. Thehead licensing the left-dislocated element is realizedas comma intonation, as argued by Emonds (2004). Itis argued that Hanging Topic Left Dislocation in bothEnglish and Serbian is derived by base-generation ofthe left-dislocated constituent in its surface position(adjoined to a CP), whereas Contrastive LeftDislocation in Serbian by movement (also to aposition attached to a CP). What moves is theresumptive pronoun, and then co-reference isestablished upon adjoining of the left-dislocatedelement via the operation Match or Match+Agree ofBoeckx (2003), which is the only way not to violatethe Inclusiveness Condition. Although bothTopicalization and Contrastive Left Dislocation markcontrastive topics, they have different discoursedistributions, as confirmed by our corpus, thus thisadjoining of a left-dislocated element is justified. Inthe case of Hanging Topic Left Dislocation, coreferencebetween the left-dislocated element and theresumptive pronoun is established via the operationMatch of Boeckx (2003). If the resumptive pronoun isa clitic, it moves to the second position in its intonational phrase triggered by the phonological requirement. Hanging Topic Left Dislocation in both English and Serbian marks referential topics and it isalso a topic-promoting device in Serbian, as argued onrelying on our corpus.<br>Cilj doktorske disertacije pod nazivom Tematizacija ileva dislokacija u engleskom i srpskom jeziku je daopi&scaron;e i ponudi generativni prikaz sintaksiĉkih iinformacijsko strukturnih osobina tematizacije i levedislokacije u pomenutim jezicima, dveju naizgledsliĉnih struktura za pomeranje reĉeniĉnog elementa uprednje polje koje izraţavaju iste propozicije, ali neodgovaraju istom kontekstu. Analiza nije kontrastivnau smislu da traţimo englesko srpske ekvivalente iliobratno, već je tertium comparationis pojavatematizacije i leve dislokacije. PonuĊeni su i osnovnidijagnostiĉki testovi za razlikovanje dva oblika levedislokacije identifikovana u srpskom, naime levedislokacije odvojene teme i kontrastne levedislokacije. Disertacija takoĊe istraţuje kakoinformacijsko strukturiranje iskaza odreĊujekontekstualne izbore. Leksikon obezbeĊuje ulaznuinformaciju sistemu sintaksiĉkih operacija koji putemobeleţja gradi strukturu u fazama i takoĊe dovodi dopomeranja. Podaci vezani za informacijsku strukturusu dati u numeraciji. Rezultati istraţivanja ukazuju napotrebu da se pojam teme ra&scaron;ĉlani na kombinacijuobeleţja [+/-a, +/-c], sliĉno L&oacute;pezu (2009), anaforiĉnou smislu Birnera &amp; Warda (1998), i kontrastno upragmatiĉkom smislu Titove (2013) pri ĉemu je [+/-c]zavisno od [+a]. Tematizacija i u engleskom i usrpskom jeziku i kontrastna leva dislokacija u srpskomobeleţavaju teme kao [+a, +c], dok leva dislokacijaodvojene teme i u engleskom i u srpskom jezikuobeleţava teme kao [+a, -c]. U radu se dokazuje da ni&nbsp;dodeljivanje pragmatiĉkih obeleţja pored formalnih obeleţja relevantnih za derivaciju putem operacije koja formira numeraciju ne naru&scaron;ava uslov ukljuĉenosti. Interpretacija elementa obeleţenog kao tema je rezultat njegove kombinacije obeleţja i njegove sintaksiĉke pozicije, &scaron;to odraţava interakciju sintakse, prozodije i pragmatike. Pragmatiĉka obeleţja su vrednovana, ali netumaĉiva u numeraciji ĉineći sintaksiĉki objekat koji ih sadrţi aktivnim za sintaksiĉke operacije. Upravna (pragmatiĉka) obeleţja uzrokuju slaganje, ali ne i pomeranje. Obeleţje ivice je ono &scaron;to pokreće pomeranje ili interno spajanje. Argumentujemo da je tematizacija i u engleskom i u srpskom jeziku generisana pomeranjem. Obeleţje ivice na upravnom elementu C (Force) dozvoljava TopP ako je to neophodno za interpretaciju i ako je strukturno moguće, kao &scaron;to su formulisali Jim&eacute;nez-Fern&aacute;ndez &amp; Miyagawa (2014). Za razliku od engleskog, nefazni upravni element T (upravni element obeleţja vremena) u srpskom jeziku moţe da preuzme obeleţje ivice od C i dozvoli TopP u Spec,TP u onim strukturama za koje se smatra da nisu kompatibilne sa tematizacijom u engleskom jeziku. Upravni element koji dozvoljava levu dislokaciju se realizuje kao intonacijska pauza, kao &scaron;to predlaţe Emonds (2004). Argumetujemo da je leva dislokacija odvojene teme i u engleskom i u srpskom jeziku nastala generisanjem levo dislociranog konstituenta u mestu realizacije (pridruţenom CP projekciji), dok je kontrastna leva dislokacija u srpskom nastala pomeranjem (takoĊe u poziciju pridruţenu CP projekciji). Ono &scaron;to se zapravo pomera je rezumptivna zamenica i onda se po pridruţivanju levo dislociranog elementa uspostavlja koreferentnost putem operacije uskladi ili uskladi+sloţi Boeckxa (2003), &scaron;to predstavlja jedini naĉin da se ne naru&scaron;i uslov ukljuĉenosti. Iako i tematizacija i kontrastna leva dislokacija obeleţavaju kontrastne teme, one imaju razliĉite diskursne distribucije, &scaron;to je potvrdio na&scaron; korpus, stoga je ovo pridruţivanje levo dislociranog elementa opravdano. U sluĉaju leve dislokacije odvojene teme, koreferentnost izmeĊu levo dislociranog elementa i rezumptivne zamenice se uspostavlja putem operacije uskladi (Boeckx 2003). Ako je rezumptivna zamenica klitika, ona se pomera u drugu poziciju u svojoj intonacijskoj frazi, &scaron;to je&nbsp;uzrokovano fonolo&scaron;kim zahtevom. Leva dislokacija odvojene teme i u englesko i u srpskom jeziku obeleţava referencijske teme i takoĊe je sredstvo unapreĊivanja teme u srpskom, kao &scaron;to se argumentuje na osnovu na&scaron;eg korpusa.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1994.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-182).