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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Temperate pastures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Thulin, Susanne Maria, and smthulin@telia com. "Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Temperate Pasture Quality." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090507.163006.

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This thesis describes the research undertaken for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, testing the hypothesis that spectrometer data can be used to establish usable relationships for prediction of pasture quality attributes. The research data consisted of reflectance measurements of various temperate pasture types recorded at four different times (years 2000 to 2002), recorded by three hyperspectral sensors, the in situ ASD, the airborne HyMap and the satellite-borne Hyperion. Corresponding ground-based pasture samples were analysed for content of chlorophyll, water, crude protein, digestibi

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2

Johnston, William Henry, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "The role of Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex in temperate pastures in southeastern Australia." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Johnston_W.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/29.

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This thesis examines the hypothesis that, in southern New South Wales and northeast Victoria, Australia, palatable taxa of E. curvula offer advantages that complement those of the species that are traditionally sown in temperate pastures in a landscape context.This hypothesis was based on a review of literature showing that, prior to European settlement, the vegetation, the landscape and the climate were broadly in balance, and the wateruse pattern of the vegetation of southeastern Australia resulted in water being used more-or-less completely by the end of summer. This maximised the capacity

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3

Johnston, William Henry. "The role of Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex in temperate pastures in southeastern Australia /." View thesis View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030506.100204/index.html.

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4

Wallace, Richard Paul, and n/a. "Effects of trees on temperate native pasture productivity." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.160245.

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The goal of this work was to quantify the effects of eucalypt woodland blocks on the productivity of native pastures. This research was conducted on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. Tree planting or retention is seen by many as an important tool in addressing the problems of soil degradation resulting from clearing and pasture improvement that threaten the sustainability of pasture systems. In particular these are dry land salinity and erosion, both of which affect large areas of agricultural lands in the south east of Australia. Whilst native tree cover remains over substantial por

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5

Slaughter, Lindsey C. "SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE: RESULTS FROM A TEMPERATE KENTUCKY PASTURE." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/8.

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Climate change is likely to alter plant species composition and interactions between plants and soil microbes that together dictate the quantity and quality of forage produced in pastures, the base of animal production in central Kentucky. This study assessed the seasonal dynamics of soil microbes and their response to increased temperature (+3oC) and growing season precipitation (+30% of the mean annual). Total soil microbial biomass, community composition, enzyme activities, potential carbon mineralization, and catabolic responses to selected substrates were measured seasonally in the differ

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6

Fletcher, Donald Bryden, and N/A. "Population Dynamics of Eastern Grey Kangaroos in Temperate Grasslands." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070808.152438.

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This thesis is about the dynamics of eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) populations and their food supplies in temperate grasslands of south-eastern Australia. It is based on the study of three populations of eastern grey kangaroos inhabiting �warm dry�, �cold dry�, and �warm wet� sites within the Southern Tablelands climatic region. After a pilot survey and methods trial in early 2001, the main period of study was from August 2001 to July 2003. The study populations were found to have the highest densities of any kangaroo populations, 450 to 510 km-2. Their density was the same at the

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7

Lima, Luís Otávio da Costa de. "Lisina e metionina na dieta de vacas de alta produção mantidas em pastagens de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e suplementadas com concentrado de baixo teor proteico." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11676.

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Current research looked into the effects of supplementing essential amino acids L-lysine and DL-methionine to lactating dairy cows, grazing annual ryegrass and receiving a low protein concentrate meal. Twenty Holstein cows were managed in a 2x2 crossover experimental design, with two treatments and two periods. Cows received the same diet in both treatments, except for the inclusion of 20g lysine and 60g methionine in one treatment. This aimed at supplying 6.92% and 2.34% of the metabolizable protein in lysine and methionine, respectively, as suggested by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Prote

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8

Mills, Annamaria. "Understanding constraints to cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) based pasture production." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070717.161658/.

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This research examined the mechanisms by which temperature, water availability and nitrogen (N) affect the dry matter (DM) yield potential of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) dominant pastures. The experiment was a split plot design with main plots of fully irrigated (I) or dryland (D), sub-plots of N fertiliser at 800 kg N/ha in 2003/04; and 1600 kg N/ha in 2004/05 (+N) or 0 kg N/ha (-N). The potential environmental yield of an established 8 year old cocksfoot dominant pasture was 21.9 t DM/ha/y from I+N pastures compared with 9.8 t DM/ha by I-N pastures and 15.1 t DM/ha/y by D+N pastures.

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9

Khan, Shabana. "Factors affecting nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emissions from grazed pasture urine patches under New Zealand conditions." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1570.

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New Zealand is dominated by its agricultural industry with one of the most intensive farming practices being that of intensive dairying. New Zealand currently has approximately 5.3 million dairy cows that excrete up to 2.2 L of urine, per urination event, up to 12 times per day. This equates to 5.1 x10¹⁰ L per year or enough urine to fill over 1.2 million milk tankers. This sheer volume of urine and its associated N content has implications for the cycling of N within the pasture soils utilised, and New Zealand’s greenhouse gas budget due to the emission of N₂O from urine affected areas. The e

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10

Kabine, Ezekiel Simon. "Evaluation of different temperature winter fodder species (Festulolium hybrids, dactylis species, lolium hybrids) and grass-legume mixtures in the warmer summer rainfall areas of South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1808.

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Thesis (MSc. (Pasture Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016<br>South Africa is regarded as a semi-arid area; only 28% of the country receives more than 600 mm rainfall recorded annually. Sustainable utilization of cool season fodder grasses in summer rainfall areas to produce winter animal feed remains a major problem. Farmers are affected by a shortage of adequate, good quality herbage for livestock during winter and dry periods on commercial farms. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the production potential of six Festulolium hybrids, three Dactylis species, and five Lolium hybrids

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11

Joseph, Tony. "The response of photosynthesis and respiration of a grass and a native shrub to varying temperature and soil water content." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6685.

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In New Zealand, native shrubs are considered an important potential carbon-sink in disturbed or abandoned land (e.g., pastoral land that is unsustainable for long-term pastoral agriculture). However, the impact of varying environmental drivers on carbon uptake from photosynthesis and carbon loss from respiration of a developing shrubland remains uncertain. In this study, the effects of both temperature and soil water content (θ) on photosynthesis and respiration were examined under controlled growth cabinet and field conditions in a pasture grass and the native shrub, kānuka (Kunzea ericoides

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12

Monks, D. P. "The vegetative and reproductive development of balansa clover." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1337.

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The vegetative and reproductive development of balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum Savi.) were quantified in relation to the environmental drivers of each phenophase in field and controlled environments. In a grazed experiment over 6 years, balansa clover sown with cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) contributed 1.6 t DM/ha/year, or ~20% of the total DM production. However, grazing management for increased seed production during flowering in the establishment year strongly influenced balansa clover regeneration. The earliest closed plot (September) averaged between 2.2 and 4.3 t DM/ha/year of bal

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13

Conceição, Maristela Neves da. "Avaliação da influência do sombreamento artificial no desenvolvimento de novilhas leiteiras em pastagens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-18112008-142644/.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e quantificar o efeito do sombreamento artificial proporcionado por diferentes tipos de materiais de cobertura sobre a fisiologia, o comportamento e o desenvolvimento de novilhas leiteiras, em ambiente de pastagens. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de 08/01/2007 à 30/04/2007. A área experimental foi dividida em 16 parcelas adjacentes e iguais com 84 m² cada. Foram comparados a testemunha (sem sombra) com três tipos de cobertura: telhas de fibrocimento sem cimento amianto, telhas galvanizadas e tela de polipropileno 80% As dimensões dos abrigos foram 2m

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14

Menezes, Luis Fernando Glasenapp de. "Avaliação de diferentes sistemas de alimentação sobre as características que afetam a qualidade da carcaça e da carne." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4307.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This work was divided in two experiments. In first the objective was to evaluate the carcass, meat, carcass no integrants components and fatty acids profile of intramuscular fat of Devon steers finished in: feedlot (CONF), or winter pasture (pasture of ryegrass - Lolium multiflorum Lam -PTEM), or tropical pasture (association of millet pasture - Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke and alexander grass Brachiaria plantaginea - PTRO). At the beginning of finishing the average weight of steers was 320 kg and age was 15 months. The rou

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15

Wahl, Anne-Lena. "Importance des interactions entre plantes et mycorhizes dans le maintien de la productivité des écosystèmes pastoraux montagnards soumis à des forçages climatiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS038/document.

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Bien que les champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires (AMF) soient présents des habitats collinaires aux habitats alpins, les recherches sur leur rôle dans l’écosystème montagnard sont encore incomplètes. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d’analyser l’écologie et le fonctionnement des AMF ainsi que leur réponse au changement global dans les écosystèmes montagnards. Nous tentons de répondre aux questions de recherche suivantes : quels sont les effets de l’altitude sur les AMF indépendamment des effets des autres gradients et de la relation AMF-plante hôte ? Quelles relations de facilitation se dé

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16

Arthur, Jarred Bradley. "The influence of upstream forest on macroinvertebrate communities in pastoral landscapes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4925.

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The conversion of native forest to agricultural land has been an on-going issue threatening the health of New Zealand’s freshwater systems. However, despite the fact that this has been occurring since early European settlement, our understanding of the mechanistic relationships between riparian vegetation and stream condition are poorly developed. This research investigated: (i) how forests affect downstream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in pasture and the environmental factors driving community change; (ii) how upstream forest size impacted the rate of change in downstream environment

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17

Emms, Jason. "Predicting the potential impacts of new pasture and amenity legumes on temperate natural ecosystems." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/47968.

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There is a desire to source novel legume species to combat the threat of dryland salinity to agriculture and the environment. There are already many legume weeds in temperate Australia and the potential negative impact of new species has created a justifiable impasse. Weed risk assessment presents a potential solution, but deficiencies in the current Australian system have hampered progress thus far. A greater emphasis on the impact of the weed species may be a means of solving this conflict. Therefore, this project attempted to predict the level of impact that a legume species would have upon

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18

Emms, Jason. "Predicting the potential impacts of new pasture and amenity legumes on temperate natural ecosystems." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/47968.

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There is a desire to source novel legume species to combat the threat of dryland salinity to agriculture and the environment. There are already many legume weeds in temperate Australia and the potential negative impact of new species has created a justifiable impasse. Weed risk assessment presents a potential solution, but deficiencies in the current Australian system have hampered progress thus far. A greater emphasis on the impact of the weed species may be a means of solving this conflict. Therefore, this project attempted to predict the level of impact that a legume species would have upon

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19

Johnston, William H. "The role of Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex in temperate pastures in southeastern Australia." Thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/29.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines the hypothesis that, in southern New South Wales and northeast Victoria, Australia, palatable taxa of E. curvula offer advantages that complement those of the species that are traditionally sown in temperate pastures in a landscape context.This hypothesis was based on a review of literature showing that, prior to European settlement, the vegetation, the landscape and the climate were broadly in balance, and the wateruse pattern of the vegetation of southeastern Australia resulted in water being used more-or-less completely by the end of summer. This maximised the capacity

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20

Eckard, Richard John. "The nitrogen economy of three irrigated temperate grass pastures with and without clover in Natal." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10532.

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21

Neufeld, Simon James Regehr. "An evaluation of plant litter accumulation and its benefits in Manitoba pastures." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3079.

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Three studies were undertaken from 2006 to 2007 to examine litter (dead plant material) in southwestern Manitoba pastures. First, the relationship between litter and soil microclimate was tested across five pasture sites. The amount of litter biomass was not strongly related to soil moisture, though near-surface soil temperatures were reduced when litter was present. Second, the effect of four simulated grazing strategies on the litter layer was measured in six pastures. It was found that after three years of simulated grazing, litter was present in largest quantities in the least-frequent

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22

Brown, ZA. "The effects of elevated carbon dioxide on greenhouse gas emissions from a temperate pasture." Thesis, 2020. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34798/1/Brown_whole_thesis.pdf.

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Global surface temperatures have been rising since the pre-industrial era and are predicted to continue rising due to the positive radiative forcing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\)), the gas responsible for most of this warming, has increased since the industrial revolution due to the burning of fossil fuels and land use change. The concentration of nitrous oxide (N\(_2\)O), a potent greenhouse gas with substantially higher global warming potential than CO\(_2\) over a 100-y horizon, has similarly increased due to agriculture and

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23

West, David C. "Establishment, sward dynamics and yield from frost-seeding temperature pasture species in alfalfa." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39103370.html.

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24

Jacob, Vinod K. "Gas exchange and hydraulic strategies of pasture species under climate change." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:67912.

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Climate change-induced increases in global air temperature and concurrent modulations in the hydrological cycle have led to higher levels of drought stress globally. Grassland ecosystems such as pastures are particularly sensitive to climate change as they lack the deep roots and carbohydrate reserves that partially dampen the negative impact of abiotic stress in woody plant systems. Pastures have significant economic and ecological value, and it is important to assess the current and future impact of climate change on these systems. While many studies have investigated the response of pasture

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