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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Temperate rain forest

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Academic literature on the topic 'Temperate rain forest'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Temperate rain forest"

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Winchester, Neville N. "Ancient temperate rain forest research in British Columbia." Canadian Entomologist 138, no. 1 (February 2006): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n05-803.

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AbstractThis paper is a tribute to Dr. R.A. Ring upon his retirement. During the past 12 years (1993–2005), an emerging canopy research program has established a wealth of baseline information on the structure and functioning of temperate rain forest canopy arthropod communities. Studies from research sites on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, have shown that ancient temperate rain forest canopy ecosystems contain a largely undescribed fauna that is specific to habitat features found only in these canopies. In particular, diverse assemblages of free-living mites have been shown to dominate c

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MacKinnon, Andy. "West coast, temperate, old-growth forests." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79475-3.

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Canada's west coast, temperate, old-growth forests include its largest, most commercially valuable, fastest-growing, oldest, and certainly most fought-over forests. They can be divided into three main types: coastal rainforest, coastal subalpine forest, and "rain-shadow" forest. Although there is great variation within each of these broad types, coastal rainforests and subalpine forests share a wet climate and are relatively unimpacted by fire as a stand-replacing disturbance. This allows development of multi-aged, multi-canopy, old-growth forests with large volumes of living and dead wood. Th

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Yan, Qiaoling, Qun Gang, and Jiaojun Zhu. "Size-Dependent Patterns of Seed Rain in Gaps in Temperate Secondary Forests, Northeast China." Forests 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020123.

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Secondary forests have become the major forest type worldwide, and are experiencing various disturbances and exhibiting obvious vegetation degradation (e.g., reduced biodiversity and decreased productivity) compared with primary forests. Forest gap is a common small-scale disturbance in secondary forests. Promoting natural regeneration under gap disturbance is an important approach to recover biodiversity and ecosystem services for temperate secondary forests. The gap size is the crucial characteristic controlling natural regeneration of many tree species. However, little is known about the sp

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Olesen, T. "ARCHITECTURE OF A COOL-TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST CANOPY." Ecology 82, no. 10 (October 2001): 2719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2719:aoactr]2.0.co;2.

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Marchant, R., A. Cleef, S. P. Harrison, H. Hooghiemstra, V. Markgraf, J. van Boxel, T. Ager, et al. "Pollen-based biome reconstructions for Latin America at 0, 6000 and 18 000 radiocarbon years ago." Climate of the Past 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 725–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-725-2009.

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Abstract. The biomisation method is used to reconstruct Latin American vegetation at 6000±500 and 18 000±1000 radiocarbon years before present (14C yr BP) from pollen data. Tests using modern pollen data from 381 samples derived from 287 locations broadly reproduce potential natural vegetation. The strong temperature gradient associated with the Andes is recorded by a transition from high altitude cool grass/shrubland and cool mixed forest to mid-altitude cool temperate rain forest, to tropical dry, seasonal and rain forest at low altitudes. Reconstructed biomes from a number of sites do not m

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Marchant, R., S. P. Harrison, H. Hooghiemstra, V. Markgraf, J. H. van Boxel, T. Ager, L. Almeida, et al. "Pollen-based biome reconstructions for Latin America at 0, 6000 and 18 000 radiocarbon years." Climate of the Past Discussions 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2009): 369–461. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-5-369-2009.

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Abstract. The biomisation method is used to reconstruct Latin American vegetation at 6000±500 and 18 000±1000 radiocarbon years before present (14C yr BP) from pollen data. Tests using modern pollen data from 381 samples derived from 287 locations broadly reproduce potential natural vegetation. The strong temperature gradient associated with the Andes is recorded by a transition from high altitude cool grass/shrubland and cool mixed forest to mid-altitude cool temperate rain forest, to tropical dry, seasonal and rain forest at low altitudes. Reconstructed biomes from a number of sites do not m

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Arsenault, André, and Gary E. Bradfield. "Structural – compositional variation in three age-classes of temperate rainforests in southern coastal British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-007.

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Relationships between forest structure and species composition were examined in three age-classes of temperate rain forest in southern coastal British Columbia. Old forests (> 250 years) exhibited greater structural and compositional heterogeneity than young (31–60 years) and mature (61–80 years) forests. Size-class distributions of living and dead standing trees in the three age groups suggested both qualitative and quantitative differences in regeneration and mortality processes. The canonical correlation between structure and composition was high (Rc = 0.84), but a substantial amount of

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Saigusa, N., K. Ichii, H. Murakami, R. Hirata, J. Asanuma, H. Den, S. J. Han, et al. "Impact of meteorological anomalies in the 2003 summer on Gross Primary Productivity in East Asia." Biogeosciences 7, no. 2 (February 15, 2010): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-641-2010.

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Abstract. Northern Eurasia experienced anomalous weather conditions in the 2003 summer. We examined how forest ecosystems responded to the meteorological anomalies during the period using the dataset collected at flux monitoring sites in Asia, including a boreal forest in Mongolia, temperate forests in China and Japan, and a sub-tropical forest in China, as well as the dataset from satellite remote sensing. From July to August 2003, an active rain band stayed in the mid-latitude in East Asia for an unusually long period. Under the influence of the rain band, the Gross Primary Production (GPP),

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Saigusa, N., K. Ichii, H. Murakami, R. Hirata, J. Asanuma, H. Den, S. J. Han, et al. "Impact of meteorological anomalies in the 2003 summer on gross primary productivity in East Asia." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 5 (September 8, 2009): 8883–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-8883-2009.

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Abstract. Northern Eurasia experienced anomalous weather conditions in the 2003 summer. We examined how forest ecosystems responded to the meteorological anomalies during the period using the dataset collected at flux monitoring sites in Asia, including a boreal forest in Mongolia, temperate forests in China and Japan, and a sub-tropical forest in China, as well as the dataset from satellite remote sensing. From July to August 2003, an active rain band stayed in the mid-latitude in East Asia for an unusually long period. Under the influence of the rain band, the gross primary production (GPP)

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Rozanova, Oksana L., Sergey M. Tsurikov, Alexei V. Tiunov, and Eugenia E. Semenina. "Arthropod rain in a temperate forest: Intensity and composition." Pedobiologia 75 (July 2019): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2019.05.005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Temperate rain forest"

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Gavin, Daniel Girard. "Holocene fire history of a coastal temperate rain forest, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5477.

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Cunningham, Shaun Cameron 1971. "Comparative ecophysiology of temperate and tropical rainforest canopy trees of Australia in relation to climate variables." Monash University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9040.

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Pearson, Audrey F. "Natural disturbance patterns in a coastal temperate rain forest watershed, Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5513.

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Murakami, Aya. "The relationships between headwater stream macroinvertebrate communities and summer low-flow events in a temperate rain forest." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11563.

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Using a forested headwater stream system as a model, the effects of inter-annual variation in summer discharge regimes on aquatic insect communities were investigated. More specifically, the benthic invertebrate community response to the intensity, minimum discharges, frequency, duration and abruptness of summer low-flow events were examined. We hypothesized that intensification of summer low-flow events, both in duration and magnitude, have some negative impacts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in riffles. Examples of negative impacts include reduction

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Cornelius, Cintia. "Genetic and demographic consequences of human-driven landscape changes on bird populations the case of Aphrastura spinicauda (Furnariidae) in the temperate rainforest of South America /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2006. http://etd.umsl.edu/r1821.

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Affeld, Kathrin. "Spatial complexity and microclimatic responses of epiphyte communities and their invertebrate fauna in the canopy of northern rata (Metrosideros robusta A. Cunn.: Myrtaceae) on the West Coast of the South Island, New Zealand." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/771.

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Rain forest canopies are renowned for their very high biodiversity and the critical role they play in key ecological processes and their influence on global climate. Despite that New Zealand supports one of the most diverse and extensive epiphyte flora of any temperate forest system, few studies have investigated epiphyte communities and their invertebrate fauna along with factors that influence their distribution and composition. This thesis represents the first comprehensive study of entire epiphyte communities and their resident invertebrate fauna in the canopy of New Zealand’s indigenous f

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Echeverría, Cristian Mauricio. "Fragmentation of temperate rain forests in Chile : patterns, causes and impacts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615028.

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Schaumann, Friederike. "Terricolous bryophyte vegetation of chilean temperate rain forests : communities, adaptive strategies and divergence patterns /." Berlin : J. Cramer, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401353009.

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Rolland, Christian. "Tree-Ring and Climate Relationships for Abies Alba in the Internal Alps." Tree-Ring Society, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262377.

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The relationships between the tree-rings of the white fir (Abies alba Mill.) and climate in the French internal Alps are indicated by correlation functions. This fir shows an accurate response to climate as well as long term persistence for at least six years (MS =0.18, R1 =0.65, and R6= 0.27). Its growth is strongly influenced by the previous year's climate, especially by prior August rainfall, which enhances ring size, or by high temperatures, which show the opposite effect. The most critical period extends from prior July to prior September. This species responds positively to warm temperat

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Tribuzy, Edgard Siza. "Variações da temperatura foliar do dossel e o seu efeito na taxa assimilatória de CO2 na Amazônia Central." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-15072005-144011/.

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O papel da Floresta Amazônica na ciclagem do carbono tem sido`freqüentemente relatado, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os aspectos que regula nos processos de assimilação e liberação de carbono da biosfera para a atmosfera. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as respostas dos processos de respiração e fotossíntese com a variação da temperatura foliar, utilizando características biofísicas e dados micro-meteorológicos, para predizer a taxa assimilatória de CO2 de um indivíduo ou da comunidade em estudo. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical (núcleo ZF-

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Books on the topic "Temperate rain forest"

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British Columbia's inland rainforest: Ecology, conservation, and management. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2011.

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Temperate forest biomes. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2008.

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Ellis, Gerry. America's rainforest. Minocqua, WI: NorthWord Press, 1991.

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Temperate and boreal rainforests of the world: Ecology and conservation. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2011.

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Nowacki, Gregory J. The effects of wind disturbance on temperate rain forest structure and dynamics of Southeast Alaska. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1998.

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Nowacki, Gregory J. The effects of wind disturbance on temperate rain forest structure and dynamics of Southeast Alaska. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1998.

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Moore, M. Keith. Coastal watersheds: An inventory of the watersheds in the coastal temperate forests of British Columbia. [British Columbia]: Earthlife Canada Foundation & Ecotrust/Conservation International, 1991.

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The Tundra. New York: Benchmark Books, 1995.

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Carlson, Toby N. A remotely sensed index of deforestation/urbanization for use in climate models: Annual performance report for the period 1 January 1995 - 31 December 1995. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 1995.

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Carlson, Toby N. A remotely sensed index of deforestation/urbanization for use in climate models: Annual performance report for the period 1 January 1995 - 31 December 1995. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Temperate rain forest"

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Bunce, Hubert W. F. "Succession and Ecology: Environmental Responses of a Temperate Climate Rain Forest Exposed to Industrial Emissions." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 600–601. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_76.

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Zeegers, H., and C. Leduc. "Geochemical exploration for gold in temperate, arid, semi-arid, and rain-forest terrains." In Gold Metallogeny and Exploration, 309–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2128-6_10.

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Zeegers, H., and C. Leduc. "Geochemical exploration for gold in temperate, arid, semi-arid, and rain-forest terrains." In Gold metallogeny and exploration, 309–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0497-5_10.

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Inagaki, M., M. Sakai, and Y. Ohnuki. "The effects of organic carbon on acid rain in a temperate forest in Japan." In Acid Reign ’95?, 2345–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0864-8_78.

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Maley, Jean. "Late Quaternary Climatic Changes in the African Rain Forest : Forest Refugia and the Major Role of Sea Surface Temperature Variations." In Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport, 585–616. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0995-3_25.

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"Temperate Rain Forest." In Ecology of North America, 203–22. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118971550.ch10.

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Hauff Platais, Gunnars, Maísa dos Santos Guapyassú, and Jorge Paladino Corrêa de Lima. "Restoration practices in Brazil’s Atlantic Rain Forest." In Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests, 409–22. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203497784.ch27.

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Wohl, Ellen. "Deep, Dark Forest: Temperate Rain Forest of Northwestern Montana." In Transient Landscapes: Insights on a Changing Planet, 179–82. University Press of Colorado, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5876/9781607323693.c039.

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Veblen, Thomas T. "Temperate Forests of the Southern Andean Region." In The Physical Geography of South America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313413.003.0021.

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Although most of the continent of South America is characterized by tropical vegetation, south of the tropic of Capricorn there is a full range of temperate-latitude vegetation types including Mediterranean-type sclerophyll shrublands, grasslands, steppe, xeric woodlands, deciduous forests, and temperate rain forests. Southward along the west coast of South America the vast Atacama desert gives way to the Mediterranean-type shrublands and woodlands of central Chile, and then to increasingly wet forests all the way to Tierra del Fuego at 55°S. To the east of the Andes, these forests are bordered by the vast Patagonian steppe of bunch grasses and short shrubs. The focus of this chapter is on the region of temperate forests occurring along the western side of the southernmost part of South America, south of 33°S. The forests of the southern Andean region, including the coastal mountains as well as the Andes, are presently surrounded by physiognomically and taxonomically distinct vegetation types and have long been isolated from other forest regions. Although small in comparison with the extent of temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere, this region is one of the largest areas of temperate forest in the Southern Hemisphere and is rich in endemic species. For readers familiar with temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere, it is difficult to place the temper temperate forests of southern South America into a comparable ecological framework owing both to important differences in the histories of the biotas and to contrasts between the broad climatic patterns of the two hemispheres. There is no forest biome in the Southern Hemisphere that is comparable to the boreal forests of the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The boreal forests of the latter are dominated by evergreen conifers of needle-leaved trees, mostly in the Pinaceae family, and occur in an extremely continental climate. In contrast, at high latitudes in southern South America, forests are dominated mostly by broadleaved trees such as the southern beech genus (Nothofagus). Evergreen conifers with needle or scaleleaves (from families other than the Pinaceae) are a relatively minor component of these forests.

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Oswood, Mark W., and Nicholas F. Hughes. "Running Waters of the Alaskan Boreal Forest." In Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0015.

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Running waters reflect the character of their landscape. Landscapes influence their streams by supplying dissolved ions to the water, determining the organic matter supply to stream foodwebs, and influencing water temperature and water flows (Gregory et al. 1991, Hynes 1975). The water that feeds streams has passed over and through the vegetation, soils, and rocks of the valley. Just as urine carries the chemical imprint of metabolic activities (such as diabetes), the kinds and amounts of dissolved matter delivered to stream channels carry the signature of the valley’s parent materials and biota. Riparian (streamside) vegetation similarly regulates the balance of carbon sources to stream consumers. In valleys with sparse riparian vegetation, abundant light at the streambed allows in-stream primary production by protists and plants to dominate. Where riparian vegetation forms a canopy over the stream, leaves and needles from shrubs and trees dominate carbon supplies to consumers because low light limits contributions from in-stream primary producers (Vannote et al. 1980). Water temperature and flow are complexly determined by climatic controls (e.g., air and soil temperatures, patterns of precipitation), landscape physiography (e.g., shading of streams by valley walls), and the filter of lightabsorbing and water-transpiring riparian vegetation. Thus, streams in the desert biome of the American Southwest, with intermittent droughts and floods, high water temperatures, and abundant light, are very different habitats from the cool, dark waters of perennial streams in the temperate rain forest of the Pacific Northwest coast (Fisher 1995). Likewise, streams in the boreal forest of Alaska (and in the cold circumboreal forests of the world) take their cues from the landscape. Cold permeates the ecology of the boreal landscape and the running waters therein. The consequences of high-latitude climate on running waters are at least three: creation of ice in both terrestrial and running water systems; limited inputs of organic matter and nutrients to foodwebs; and thermal effects of low water temperatures on biological processes (Oswood 1997). For forested streams, a good case can be made for autumn as the beginning of the stream’s “fiscal” year. Autumnal leaf fall from riparian vegetation provides a major proportion of the annual energy budget to stream foodwebs.

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Conference papers on the topic "Temperate rain forest"

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Vaca, Cesar Cisneros, and Christiaan van der Tol. "Sensitivity of Sentinel-1 to Rain Stored in Temperate Forest." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8517859.

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Dedmon, Steven L. "The Role of Oxidation in Railroad Wheels." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74124.

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On-tread braking generates high heat and often results in temperatures on the tread surface in excess of 400C (750F). Temperatures this high result in rapid oxidation of the tread surface. High temperature oxidation for steel generally follows a parabolic rate law: the time to generate a given weight or thickness of an oxide layer increases proportionately to the square of the weight or thickness of that oxide layer. The decrease in the rate of generation of new scale thickness results from the longer time it takes for oxygen to diffuse through an increasingly thicker layer of oxide. However,

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Bruzek, Radim, Larry Biess, Leopold Kreisel, and Leith Al-Nazer. "Rail Temperature Prediction Model and Heat Slow Order Management." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3767.

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Track buckling due to excessive rail temperature may cause derailments with serious consequences. To minimize the risk of derailments, slow orders are typically issued on sections of track in areas where an elevated rail temperature is expected and risk of track buckling is increased. While slow orders are an important preventive safety measure, they are costly as they disrupt timetables and can affect time-sensitive shipments. Optimizing the slow order management process would result in significant cost saving for the railroads. The Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA’s) Office of Research

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Bruzek, Radim, Larry Biess, and Leith Al-Nazer. "Development of Rail Temperature Predictions to Minimize Risk of Track Buckle Derailments." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2451.

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Track buckling due to excessive rail temperature is a major cause of derailments with serious consequences. To minimize the risk of derailments, slow orders are typically issued on sections of track in areas where an elevated rail temperature is expected and risk of track buckling is increased. While the slow orders are an important preventive safety measure, they are costly as they disrupt timetables and can affect time-sensitive shipments. Optimizing the slow order process would result in significant cost saving for the railroads. The Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA’s) Office of Resea

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Rawat, Monika. "Soil Respiration Variation under the Canopy of Dominant Tree Species across different seasons in Temperate Forest." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0021.

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Soil respiration is defined as the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms are active. It is an important process in the ecosystem and has direct influence on climate change. Therefore understanding it under different vegetation types is an essential goal in soil science. The major sources which effect the soil respiration rate are plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes and soil fauna and these sources are control by various factors like temperature, moisture, nutreint content and oxygen in the soil. Soil respiration rate is important for understanding soil biological activity, nutrie

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Zhao, Weihua, Ping Wang, and Yang Cao. "Additional Temperature Forces of Continuous Welded Rail on Large-Span Steel Truss Cable-Stayed Bridge." In Third International Conference on Transportation Engineering (ICTE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41184(419)292.

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Shust, William, David Read, and F. Brent Jury. "A Novel Method for Estimating the Neutral Temperature of Continuously Welded Rail." In ASME 2007 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2007-46023.

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Traditionally, railroad track is installed so that rails that are welded together into strings longer than 400 feet experience no longitudinal thermal force at rail temperatures of 90 to 115 degrees °F. This rail temperature at which the thermal force is zero is commonly referred to as the rail’s neutral temperature. Rail at temperatures higher than the neutral temperature are in a state of compression, and in cooler temperatures are in tension. Except for the textbook case of a perfectly straight rail, these longitudinal forces must be reacted along the length of the rail via friction and the

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Li, Dingqing, and Monique Stewart. "Thermal Effects on Wheel Performance Based on Twin Disc Testing." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8083.

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Abstract This paper presents the results and findings from a testing program conducted to investigate how temperature at the wheel-rail interface may affect wheel surface performance; i.e., development of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and wear. Under this testing program, a twin disc test machine was used to test two different types of wheel specimens (cast and forged) under a range of temperatures (ambient to 800° F) and slip ratios from 0 to 0.75 percent. This testing program included a total of 32 tests, covering two wheel materials, four different temperatures, four slip ratios, and variou

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Lee, Kyoung-Chan, Seung Yup Jang, Dong-Ki Jung, Hyung-Kyoon Byun, Hyo-Ki Park, and Tae-Sock Yang. "Rail-Structure Interaction Analysis of Sliding Slab Track on Bridge." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5661.

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Continuous welded rail (CWR) on a bridge structure typically experiences a large amount of additional longitudinal axial forces due to longitudinal rail-structure (or track-bridge) interaction under temperature change and train vertical and traction/braking load effect. In order to reduce the additional axial forces, a special type of fastener, such as zero longitudinal restraint (ZLR) and reduced longitudinal restraint (RLR) or rail expansion joint (REJ) should be applied. Sliding slab track system is developed to reduce the effect of rail-structure interaction through the application of a lo

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Yang, Rong-shan, Xue-yi Liu, and Ping Wang. "Research on Longitudinal Force Computation Theory and Experiment of the Welded Turnout on the Bridge." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36084.

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According to characteristics of force and displacement of welded turnout on bridge, the turnout-bridge-platform integration computation model was established; the model was solved by finite element method. Taking the Meichi No.1bridge on Zhejiang-Jiangxi railway line as the example, the force and the displacement characteristics of the welded turnout on bridge were analyzed. The temperature force and the displacement of welded turnout on bridge was measured, the site test proves that the calculated results are consistent with the measurements. The analysis and the test prove that the turnout -

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Reports on the topic "Temperate rain forest"

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Nicholls, David, and Trista Patterson. Greenhouse gas emissions versus forest sequestration in temperate rain forests—a southeast Alaska analysis. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-918.

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Nowacki, Gregory J., and Marc G. Kramer. The effects of wind disturbance on temperate rain forest structure and dynamics of southeast Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-421.

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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Pro

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