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Journal articles on the topic 'Temperature Belt'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yang, Haiming, Kurt Kyser, and Kevin Ansdell. "Metamorphism of the MacLean Lake and Central Metavolcanic belts, La Ronge domain, Trans-Hudson Orogen: pressure-temperature variations and tectonic implications." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 8 (1998): 905–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e98-039.

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Metamorphic assemblages differ between the metasedimentary MacLean Lake belt and the adjacent Central Metavolcanic belt in the La Ronge domain, Trans-Hudson Orogen. The former consists of meta-arkoses, psammitic gneisses, metaconglomerates, and calc-silicate gneisses of upper amphibolite facies (600-740°C, 440-660 MPa) with local migmatization, whereas the latter is comprised mainly of metavolcanic and plutonic rocks, with minor metasedimentary schists of greenschist to lower amphibolite facies (480-630°C, 520-560 MPa). Petrographic evidence indicates that peak metamorphic conditions were reac

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Bajda, Mirosław, and Monika Hardygóra. "Analysis of the Influence of the Type of Belt on the Energy Consumption of Transport Processes in a Belt Conveyor." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196180.

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Results of tests into the energy-efficiency of belt conveyor transportation systems indicate that the energy consumption of their drive mechanisms can be limited by lowering the main resistances in the conveyor. The main component of these resistances is represented by belt indentation rolling resistance. Limiting its value will allow a reduction in the amount of energy consumed by the drive mechanisms. This article presents a test rig which enables uncomplicated evaluations of such rolling resistances. It also presents the results of comparative tests performed for five steel-cord conveyor be

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Kennedy, Grant M., and Mark C. Wyatt. "Two-temperature Debris Disks: Signposts for Directly Imaged Planets?" Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S314 (2015): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315006201.

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AbstractThis work considers debris disks whose spectra can be modelled by dust emission at two different temperatures. These disks are typically assumed to be a sign of multiple belts, but only a few cases have been confirmed via high resolution observations. We derive the properties of a sample of two-temperature disks, and explore whether this emission can arise from dust in a single narrow belt. While some two-temperature disks arise from single belts, it is probable that most have multiple spatial components. These disks are plausibly similar to the outer Solar System's configuration of As

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MERGHACHE, Sidi Mohammed, and Amine HAMDI. "Analysis of the influence of angular speed on the wear of a trapezoidal toothed timing belt." Recueil de mécanqiue 4, no. 1 (2019): 313–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446289.

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Timing belts are essential elements in automobile mechanics. Notched and tensioned, the belt allows the engine components to act synchronously. Its function is mainly to drive the crankshaft and the camshaft, which themselves drive the engine pistons and valves. A broken belt inevitably has dramatic consequences for the engine. We have highlighted in this article, the influence of the rotational speed and the motor torque on the wear of an AT10 toothed belt. This is to qualify this study through experimentation.

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Schaefer, Frank H. "Operational Behavior of Chloroprene Belts at their Performance Limit." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.287.

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This paper investigates the main parameters like power, torque, speed, slip and temperature influencing power transmission and belt life. The specimen chosen are common narrow V-belts existing of a Chloroprene matrix. The design procedures used in practice so far are not fully capable to achieve an optimised design due to the individual application as they do not consider the belt's temperature. The results of this investigation show the interaction of the drive operation and belt temperature of the elastomeric material as well as the belt performance limit due to slip respectively belt's temp

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Lemmi, Tsegaye Sh, Marcin Barburski, Adam Kabzinski, and Krzysztof Frukacz. "Effect of Vulcanization Process Parameters on the Tensile Strength of Carcass of Textile-Rubber Reinforced Conveyor Belts." Materials 14, no. 24 (2021): 7552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247552.

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Textile-reinforced conveyor belts are most widely used in various industries, including in the mining, construction, and manufacturing industries, to transport materials from one place to another. The conveyor belt’s tensile strength, which primarily relies on the property of the carcass, determines the area of application of the belt. The main aim of the current work was to investigate the influence of vulcanization temperature and duration of the vulcanization process on the tensile properties of the carcass part of the conveyor belt. An extensive experiment was carried out on the tensile pr

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ZHU, Chunyang, Peng JI, and Shuhua LI. "EFFECTS OF URBAN GREEN BELTS ON THE AIR TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND AIR QUALITY." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25, no. 1 (2017): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1194276.

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As urbanization increases, designing green space that offers ecological benefits is an increasingly important goal of urban planning. As a linear green space in an urban environment, green belts lower air temperature, increase relative humidity, and improve air quality. To quantify the ecological effects of urban green belts and to identify a critical width for effective urban green belts, we analysed the width of urban green belts in terms of their effects on air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), concentration of negative air ions (NAI) and bacteria rate (BR). The air T, RH and NAI fro

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Kusumo, Achmad Sabilarrosyad Prawiro, and Anggit Murdani. "Durability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Round Belt Joint with Variations in Heating Methods and Cutting Shapes." Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) 8, no. 1 (2024): 187. https://doi.org/10.17977/um016v8i12024p187.

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Thermoplastic polyurethane round belts are widely used for conveyors in various industries, particularly in the food and beverage industry, due to their flexible and abrasion-resistant characteristics. These belts are also popular in manufacturing industries because of their ease of joint. However, a common issue arises when the conveyor belt breaks during the production process. This problem can be attributed to the lack of parameters in the belt joining process at companies. Operators do not have a standard parameter for the joining process. When there is an improper joining operation of an

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9

Xu, Yan, Yinglai Liu, Zhenjun Feng, Xianghui Nie, Chao Zhang, and Jasmine. "Research on Preheating Temperature Field Test of Natural Gas Pipeline in Service Welding under Extreme Condition." MATEC Web of Conferences 353 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202135301001.

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When the natural gas pipeline is welding in service, the fast flowing medium with pressure in the pipe will take away a lot of heat, and the preheating temperature is not easy to be guaranteed, so it is easy to appear hydrogen-induced crack. In this paper, the in-service welding preheating temperature field of natural gas pipeline under the limit condition of unreduced volume was studied, and the pre-welding preheating test was carried out by using the medium frequency heating method. It is found that the temperature below the heating belt increases gradually with the increase of the intermedi

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Krawiec, Piotr, Łukasz Warguła, Konrad Jan Waluś, Elżbieta Gawrońska, Zuzana Ságová, and Jonas Matijošius. "Efficiency and Slippage in Draw Gears with Flat Belts." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 9184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239184.

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This paper presents the measured energy losses in a draw gear with NE22, XH500, LL2, and CFG flat belts. The ranges of torque capacity, slippage occurrence, and transmission efficiency of selected drive belts are also presented. Knowing the exact values of these parameters allows the selection of the most suitable belts for different applications. In addition, belt manufacturers do not provide these data accurately, leading to machine failures and downtime. The paper describes the dependence of belt efficiency and belt slippage as a function of transmission load. Running transmissions with hig

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MERGHACHE, Sidi Mohammed, and Amel SERRAI. "Temperature evaluation on a transmission by timing belt «Binder magnetic»." Recueil de mécanique 1, no. 1 (2016): 27–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1134929.

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Transmissions by synchronous belts combine the advantages of transmissions by single belts (plates, trapezoidal or striated) due to their low weight, their low maintenance, great beaches of linear speeds and big transmission ratios with the advantages of chains: no slip, synchronized transmission speed, low tension pose, etc. with the teeth of the belt entering the corresponding timing pulleys, there is a direct transmission of power without slippage as between two gears. These synchronous transmissions are of quasi universal application,

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Cheng, Yiming. "Furnace Temperature Curve Optimization Model Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm." Journal of Electronic Research and Application 8, no. 4 (2024): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jera.v8i4.7935.

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When soldering electronic components onto circuit boards, the temperature curves of the reflow ovens across different zones and the conveyor belt speed significantly influence the product quality. This study focuses on optimizing the furnace temperature curve under varying settings of reflow oven zone temperatures and conveyor belt speeds. To address this, the research sequentially develops a heat transfer model for reflow soldering, an optimization model for reflow furnace conditions using the differential evolution algorithm, and an evaluation and decision model combining the differential ev

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Krawiec, Piotr, Leszek Różański, Dorota Czarnecka-Komorowska, and Łukasz Warguła. "Evaluation of the Thermal Stability and Surface Characteristics of Thermoplastic Polyurethane V-Belt." Materials 13, no. 7 (2020): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071502.

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This article proposes thermography as a non-contact diagnostic tool for assessing drive reliability. The application of this technique during the operation of the belt transmission with a heat-welded thermoplastic polyurethane V-belt was presented. The V-belt temperature changes depending on the braking torque load at different values of the rotational speed of the active pulley, which were adopted as diagnostic characteristics. In this paper, the surface morphology of the polyurethane (PU) belts was assessed on the basis of microscopic and hardness tests. A surface roughness tester was used t

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SZCZYPIŃSKI-SALA, Wojciech, Krzysztof DOBAJ, and Adam KOT. "FRICTIONAL PROBLEMS IN CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION BELT DRIVES." Tribologia, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5923.

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The article describes the results of the research carried out on the evaluation of the influence of friction pairs (rubber belt – belt pulley in belt drive) on the ability to transmit power. In order to determine the characteristics of the belt drive operation, measurements were made on a real belt drive from the drive train of a light two-wheeled vehicle. The measurement was carried out in conditions of changes in the dynamic load. The measurements of the belt slip on the belt pulley within the whole range of the changes of gear ratios and angular speed of the engine were made. During the tes

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Woźniak, Dariusz. "The influence of belt cover thickness on conveyor belt indentation rolling resistance." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 1 (2019): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0025.

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Abstract One of the methods for lowering of energy consumption in the drive mechanisms of long horizontal belt conveyors is to reduce belt indentation rolling resistances. These resistances depend on a number of factors: bottom cover properties, bottom cover thickness, belt design, idler diameter, load, speed and frequency at which the belt passes on the idler (indentation frequency), as well as on temperature. Determining how these factors influence indentation rolling resistances of various conveyor belt types is of great importance. The article describes a small-scale method for testing ind

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Michalik, Peter, and Jozef Zajac. "Use of Thermovision for Monitoring Temperature Conveyor Belt of Pipe Conveyor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 683 (October 2014): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.683.238.

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The paper deals with using new technologies to monitor progressive changes in temperature conveyor belts loaded static forces without the transported material. Multiple measurements were performed to demonstrate the functional dependence of temperature conveyor belt of pipe conveyor to the size of the tensioning force.

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Golikov, G. F., D. V. Ryabov, S. N. Galashin, and Yu A. Kondrashin. "Quality Control of the Joints of Fabric Rubber Conveyor Belts with the Aid of a Thermovisor." International Polymer Science and Technology 44, no. 11 (2017): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704401110.

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A method of direct quality control of the vulcanised joints of fabric rubber conveyor belts with the use of a TESTO 875-1 high-resolution thermovisor (Germany) has been approved. The method is based on the different thermal conductivity of materials inside and outside the zone of defects. This leads to a difference between the temperature inside the zone of a defect and the temperature outside this zone in the solid mass of the belt during heating (or cooling). This difference is recorded by temperature gauges and very graphically by the thermovisor. Fabric rubber belts of 500 mm thickness, ma

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18

Hardygora, Monika, Miroslaw Bajda, and Ryszard Blazej. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Eco-Friendly Technology for Splicing Steel Cord Conveyor Belts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 683 (October 2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.683.125.

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A new eco-friendly method of splicing steel cord conveyor belts without the use of noxious materials has been developed by the Mining Institute at Wrocław University of Technology in collaboration with the Bełchatów Lignite Mine – the two leaders in implementing state-of-the-art and environment friendly technologies in mining in Poland [1,2,3]. Polish lignite mines use belts with steel cords. Such belts are spliced through high temperature vulcanization, which is not safe for the environment and has an adverse impact on human health. Strength and durability are the two main properties of belt

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19

Egger, Joseph, and Klaus-Peter Hoinka. "Isentropic Pressure and Mountain Torques." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 9 (2009): 3047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2848.1.

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Abstract The relation of pressure torques and mountain torques is investigated on the basis of observations for the polar caps, two midlatitude and two subtropical belts, and a tropical belt by evaluating the lagged covariances of these torques for various isentropic surfaces. It is only in the polar domains and the northern midlatitude belts that the transfer of angular momentum to and from the earth at the mountains is associated with pressure torques acting in the same sense. The situation is more complicated in all other belts. The covariances decline with increasing potential temperature

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Fan, Zhi Min, Liang Gao, Hui Min Li, and Ru Cheng Liu. "Analysis of Thermal Field of Gear Driving with Meshed Medium Belt." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.542.

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Solid models of the involute gear, the gear with meshed medium belt and the medium belt were built with the PROE software. Then the steady-sate temperature field of the solid model was analyzed with ANSYS software. The result showed that the body temperature distribution on the tooth face was not effected by the medium belt. Different duty parameters were selected to analyze the highest temperature of the medium belt. So theory basis for choose of the medium belt and the duty parameters was provided.

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Wałęsa, Krzysztof, Ireneusz Malujda, Jan Górecki, and Dominik Wilczyński. "The temperature distribution during heating in hot plate welding process." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925402033.

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Most of the industrial machines use the belt transmission for the power transfer. These mechanisms often use the round belts with a few millimetres in diameter, which are made of the thermoplastic elastomers, especially the polyurethane. Their production process requires the bonding step, which is often performed by the butt welding, using the hot plate. To design the automatic welding machine in a proper way, the authors analyzed this process. One of the most important parameter which describes the hot plate welding is plasticized distance. Knowledge about its value is necessary to predict th

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Roediger, Markus. "Medium-Temperature Belt Dryers for Biosolids." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2011, no. 4 (2011): 510–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864711802862725.

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Roediger, Markus, Rudolf Bogner, and Gerhard Forstner. "Medium-Temperature Belt Dryers for Biosolids." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, no. 11 (2008): 5401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708788804937.

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Roediger, Markus, Rudolf Bogner, and Gerhard Forstner. "Medium-Temperature Belt Dryers for Biosolids." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 3 (2009): 1001–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793846024.

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Potashkina, Yustina, and Alexander Koshelev. "Impact of Field-Protective Forest Belts on the Microclimate of Agroforest Landscape in the Zone of Chestnut Soils of the Volgograd Region." Forests 13, no. 11 (2022): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111892.

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Protective afforestation at the regional level is aimed at ensuring optimal agroecological conditions on agricultural land, including the regulation of microclimate on agricultural land. However, the issue of seasonal variability of microclimatic indicators in the zone of the forest shelterbelt and in different soil and climatic conditions is insufficiently studied. The research purpose is to determine the seasonal influence of aerodynamic parameters of the forest belt on the complex of microclimatic factors in the zone of chestnut soils of southern Russia. The research object is represented w

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Xu, Baoyan, Yehong Li, Yuan Wang, Xindong Ni, and Xin Wang. "Advanced Calculation Model of V-Belt Temperature Field." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 27, no. 3 (2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.29003.

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In the process of continuous high-strength operation of the harvester, structure aging, surface hardening, brittle fracture, and other features appear on V-belt due to temperature rise, which seriously affects the service life of the belt and stability of the whole machine. To predict the temperature distribution of V-belt and improve its service life, an advanced calculation method of temperature field suitable for multiwheel is proposed. First, on the basis of analysing the heat source of the transmission belt, the values of internal friction and external friction are calculated based on AVL

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Muenchow, Jannes, Simon Hauenstein, Achim Bräuning, Rupert Bäumler, Eric Frank Rodríguez, and Henrik von Wehrden. "Soil texture and altitude, respectively, largely determine the floristic gradient of the most diverse fog oasis in the Peruvian desert." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 5 (2013): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000436.

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Abstract:Studying species turnover along gradients is a key topic in tropical ecology. Crucial drivers, among others, are fog deposition and soil properties. In northern Peru, a fog-dependent vegetation formation develops on mountains along the hyper-arid coast. Despite their uniqueness, these fog oases are largely uninvestigated. This study addresses the influence of environmental factors on the vegetation of these unique fog oases. Accordingly, vegetation and soil properties were recorded on 66 4 × 4-m plots along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 200 to 950 m asl. Ordination and modellin

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Chen, Hongyue, Hongyan Chen, Pengfei Li, and Sizhe Liu. "Experimental analysis and prediction for the bonding strength of steel cord of conveyor belt under the temperature influence." AIP Advances 12, no. 5 (2022): 055305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090434.

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To research the effect of temperature on the interfacial bonding strength of the steel cord rubber conveyor belt, an electronic universal material testing machine and a temperature control box were used as the test equipment. The withdrawal force of the steel cord skeleton of the rubber conveyor belt was tested in the temperature range of −30 °C to +40 °C. Concurrently, the interfacial morphology between the steel cord and rubber at different temperatures was observed by using an ultra deep field electron microscope. Finally, different bonding strength prediction models were established. The r

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Karaaslan, Mizgine, Turki Hassan Ali, Idrees Majeed Kareem, Riman Mohammed Said Bashir Dhuoki, and Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed. "Assessing Microclimate and Green Space at Nawroz University Using Climate Model ENVI-Met Simulation." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 80, no. 4 (2024): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.4.37277.

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Microclimates are important for understanding the impact of urban areas on the environment. Although often overlooked, educational campuses cover large metropolitan areas that contribute to environmental harm in cities. This research focuses on studying the microclimate characteristics of Nawroz University’s campus in Duhok City, Iraq. The study uses ENVI-met software to assess current conditions and a proposed Green-Belt (GB) scenario. The analysis focuses on mean radiant temperature (MRT) and air temperature at four specific times (4 a.m., 8 a.m., 2 p.m., and 10 p.m.). A comparison is made b

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Shtabrovskaya, Irina M., and Irina V. Zenkova. "Annual dynamics of temperature in the soil of the Mountain Arctic (goltsovy) deserts belt in Khibiny Mountains (Murmansk Region)." Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, no. 6-2021 (2021): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.6.12.9.039.

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As part of comprehensive environmental research of the highest Arctic mountain (goltsovy) desert belt of the Khibiny, data were obtained on the annual temperature dynamics in fragmentary cushions of vegetation. Area of investigation was disposed on the plateau of Mt. Aikuayvenchorr (1059–1063 m a. s. l.) and Vudyavrchorr plateau (1023 m a. s. l.). The period with negative values of the average daily temperature of the litter prevailed in the annual cycle (more than 200 days or 58 %). The sum of positive and negative temperatures, the number of days with temperatures below 0, from 0 ̊C to +5 ̊C

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Kátai, László, Péter Szendrő, and Péter Gárdonyi. "The power transmission stability and efficiency of V-belts." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 12, no. 1 (2016): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/446.12.2016.2.

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The V-belt drive is a rather popular, widely used form of power transmission in agricultural and food industry engineering. At the same time, its stability, the lifetime of V-belt is influenced by several environmental factors, namely in the food industry by the contamination affecting the belt sides, the ambient temperature, humidity and the occasionally aggressive (acidic, alkaline air, air saturated with gases, etc.) medium. In the case of agricultural machinery, the vibration caused by uncertainly oriented pulleys with bearing in different plate structures (often being shaken in the fields

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Liu, Xingchen, and Kamran Behdinan. "Analytical-Numerical Model for Temperature Prediction of a Serpentine Belt Drive System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082709.

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The serpentine belt drive system is used in the auto industry. To avoid thermal destruction inside the belt drive and improve the thermal fatigue life of pulley materials under a variety of operating conditions, the temperature information for each load case must be determined within only a few seconds. To this end, this paper proposes an advanced thermal model to calculate the temperature distribution of a serpentine belt drive at static state operating conditions in an efficient manner. In this model, using analytical and numerical methods, a set of equations is developed according to the th

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Li, Ge, Qing Long Zhang, Ming Chen, and Lin Yong Zhou. "Analysis on Crack Propagation Mechanism of Nano-Single Crystal Copper about Temperature Influence." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.341.

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By molecular dynamics method, the tensile processes of nano-single crystal copper with the type I crack under different temperature were simulated, and the effect of different temperature to crack propagation mechanism was analyzed. The results indicate that the temperature has significant effect on crack propagation mechanism of nano-single crystal copper. While the crack is the intrinsic brittle cleavage extension under low temperature and room temperature, the twin crystal is not easily to generate; whereas, dislocation climb caused twin crystal belt appears near the crack tip under high te

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Jin, Dezhi, Bangxing Shen, Yuefeng Li, et al. "Study on photothermal coupling of COB lamp belt." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 9 (September 30, 2022): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v9i.1745.

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With the rapid development of LED technology, the lighting effect of LED lamp belt in the atmosphere lamp has been unable to meet the needs of the modern market, and the COB lamp belt has gradually entered the public field of vision due to its advantages of high light uniformity, low junction temperature and large luminous Angle. In this paper, the stability, light uniformity, junction temperature and other performance of the two kinds of lamp belt under different color temperature and different power were analyzed by setting contrast experiment. It was found that LED lamp belt had uniform lig

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Smirakova, Martina. "Comparison of the Shear Resistance in the Sliding Joint between Asphalt Belts and Modern PVC Foils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.945.

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This paper deals with sliding joint in the foundation structure. Application of sliding joint into foundation structure is an effective method to reduce effect of horizontal deformation of foundations. These can arise from effect of undermining or from shrinkage or creep of concrete. A different material can be used to create sliding joint but some are advantageous and some are not. It is often used an asphalt belt or newly different modern foils are used too. Different types of asphalt belts are tested at Faculty of Civil Engineering at different loads and at different temperatures. Some foil

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Aggarwal, Pradeep K., and Bruce E. Nesbitt. "Pressure and temperature conditions of metamorphism in the vicinity of three massive sulfide deposits, Flin Flon – Snow Lake belt, Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 11 (1987): 2305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-215.

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Estimates of pressure and temperature conditions of metamorphism in the vicinity of three massive sulfide deposits of the Flin Flon – Snow Lake, Manitoba, greenstone belt have been obtained using mineral assemblages in mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks. The Flin Flon area around the Centennial deposit, in the western part of the belt, has been metamorphosed to low greenschist facies. Near the Spruce Point deposit, in the central part of the belt, the metamorphic conditions are estimated to be of the upper greenschist facies, with a temperature of 475 ± 75 °C at 2.6 ± 1.2 kbar pressure (1 kba

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Rumble, D., J. Hatchell, H. Kirk, and K. Pattle. "The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: radiative heating by OB stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505, no. 2 (2021): 2103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1354.

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ABSTRACT Radiative feedback can influence subsequent star formation. We quantify the heating from OB stars in the local star-forming regions in the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey. Dust temperatures are calculated from 450/850 $\mu$m flux ratios from SCUBA-2 observations at the JCMT assuming a fixed dust opacity spectral index β = 1.8. Mean dust temperatures are calculated for each submillimetre clump along with projected distances from the main OB star in the region. Temperature versus distance is fitted with a simple model of dust heating by the OB star radiation plus

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Chen, Yan-Rong, Xu-Ping Li, Zeng-Sheng Li, Hans-Peter Schertl, and Fan-Mei Kong. "Antiperthite and Mesoperthite Exsolution Textures in the Zhengjiapo BIF, Changyi Metallogenic Belt, North China Craton: Evidence of UHT Metamorphic Overprint." Minerals 13, no. 7 (2023): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070980.

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Paleoproterozoic banded iron formation (BIF) iron ore of the Zhengjiapo region of the Changyi metallogenic belt, Eastern Block of North China Craton contains abundant coexisting antiperthite and mesoperthite textures. The antiperthite and mesoperthite occur in felsic domains of the Zhengjiapo BIF ore and enable derivation of peak temperature metamorphic conditions. Thermodynamic phase modeling shows that equilibrium conditions of corresponding textures, considering the related mineral assemblage of Pl + Qz + Kfs + Mag + Opx + L, are in the range of 870–940 °C and 5.0–6.8 kbar. Ternary feldspar

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Li, Xuan, Qian Yang, Lun Bao, et al. "Temporal Trends and Future Projections of Accumulated Temperature Changes in China." Agronomy 13, no. 5 (2023): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051203.

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The Fifth IPCC Assessment Report indicates that climate change will affect crop growth and threaten the stability of food systems. Accumulated temperature, which is closely related to vegetation phenology and cropping systems, is an important indicator of heat in a region. Studying the history and future accumulated temperature changes can provide scientific reference for the change of crop phenology and cropping system, which is important for the improvement of grain production in China. Based on the MK trend test, MK abrupt change test and interpretable machine learning model, this study ana

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Zhao, Xiaoxia, Wenjun Meng, and Lidong Zhou. "Research on Indentation Rolling Resistance Based on Viscoelasticity of Cover Rubber under a Conveyor Belt." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 10, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1781427.

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Minimizing the power consumption of the belt conveyor is the common wish of all enterprises and even countries. Among all the resistances generated by the belt conveyor during the operation, the indentation rolling resistance accounts for the largest proportion and the power consumed is the largest. Therefore, accurately predicting and reducing the rolling resistance of indentation is the focus of current research. Firstly, based on the three-element Maxwell solid model, the dynamic loading experiments of cylindrical rubber made of conveyor belt cover material were carried out at different tem

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Wang, Ding Hui, Bin Yang, Ya Feng Zhong, Bao Min Sun, Jing Xin, and Xiao Meng Chen. "Study on Computational Methods for the Refractory Belt Area of Coal Fired Boilers." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.25.

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The worse coal quality cause low center flame temperature in furnace, low combustion stability, high carbon content in fly ash and slag. The refractory belt installed in primary combustion zone can reduce the heat absorption capacity of water wall and improve the average temperature to steady ignition and high efficient combustion. For conforming the area of refractory belt better, the equation was founded by thermal computational methods and analyzing the different influence to the area of refractory belt.

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C, Hemantha. "Eco-Friendly Belt Drive Systems Using 3D Printing Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 5287–91. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.71443.

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Abstract: This paper presents the development of eco-friendly belt drive systems using 3D-printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU 95A), a biodegradable alternative to conventional rubber belts. Belt profiles were designed using CAD software and fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) with optimized parameters (210°C nozzle, 100% infill). Tensile and shear tests, conducted per ASTM D638 and D5369 standards, revealed a tensile strength of 21.39 MPa (34.99% elongation) and shear strength of 5.0 MPa, indicating suitability for light-to-medium duty applications. Compared to rubber belts (25–

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Friso, Dario. "Conveyor-Belt Dryers with Tangential Flow for Food Drying: Mathematical Modeling and Design Guidelines for Final Moisture Content Higher Than the Critical Value." Inventions 5, no. 2 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions5020022.

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The mathematical modeling presented in this work concerns the conveyor-belt dryer with the tangential flow of air with respect to food. This dryer, if operating in co-current, has the advantage of well preserving the organoleptic and nutritional qualities of the dried product. In fact, it has a low air temperature in the final stretch where the product has low moisture content and is therefore more temperature sensitive. It is a bulkier dryer than the continuous through-circulation conveyor dryer with a perforated belt. The latter is therefore more frequently used and has received greater stud

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Kane, R. P. "Seasonal dependence of stratospheric temperature variations." Annales Geophysicae 13, no. 2 (1995): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-0211-z.

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Abstract. Stratospheric temperatures show distinct trends, not necessarily monotonically upward or downward. At the North Pole, trends were large only during winter and spring and were different for different months; downward for November, December, mixed for January and upward for February, March and April. For the 10°-90°N belt, the trends were variable, viz., downward during 1971-1975, upward during 1975-1978 and downward again from 1978 onwards up to date, opposite to the upward trend of ground temperature in the Northern hemisphere in recent years. Twelve-monthly running averages revealed

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Park, Jiyong, Seungwon Kang, Sunmin Jun, and Juchul Jung. "Possibility of Urban Heat Island Formation by Lifting Green Belts: Focusing on the Cases of Busan Metropolitan City, Korea." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 5 (2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.5.69.

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We analyzed the temperature changes in cities and regions due to the lifting of the green belt in Busan Metropolitan City. The difference between the average temperature change in the summer surface due to the lifting of the green belt was analyzed in Local Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis (LISA) for the two points in 2000, when the green belt was fully preserved, and in 2018, when the recent record heatwave was recorded. Consequently, approximately 28.14% of the areas where the green belt was lifted from the cluster map became a hotspot. In Busan Metropolitan City, the changes in the soil qua

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Percival, John A. "A regional perspective of the Quetico metasedimentary belt, Superior Province, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 4 (1989): 677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-058.

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Alternating greenstone–granite and metasedimentary gneiss belts are a first-order tectonic feature of the southern Superior Province. The tectonic development of the Quetico metasedimentary belt is reviewed with regard to depositional, structural, and metamorphic–plutonic history. Over its 1200 km length, the belt consists of marginal metasedimentary schists of turbiditic origin and interior metasedimentary migmatite and peraluminous leucogranite. Polyphase deformation has resulted in a steep easterly-striking foliation and regional, gently east-plunging stretching lineation. Metamorphic grade

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Biondi, Maurizio, Paola D’Alessandro, and Mattia Iannella. "Up and down from North to South: Latitudinal Distribution of Flea Beetle Genera in Continental Africa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)." Insects 14, no. 4 (2023): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14040394.

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The distribution of global biodiversity can be investigated based on comprehensive datasets and many methods to process them. The taxonomic diversity of phytophagous insects is typically linked to plant diversity, which increases from temperate to tropical latitudes. In this paper, we explored the latitudinal distribution of the flea beetle genera (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) on the African continent. We divided the area into latitudinal belts and looked for possible correlations with the number and types of vegetational divisions, the area of each belt, and the bioclimat

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Li, Xinliang, Huibing Fan, Qiuming Wang, and Qingfeng Wang. "Effects of Normalizing Temperature on Microstructure and Impact Toughness of V-N Micro-Alloyed P460NL1 Steel." Materials 16, no. 21 (2023): 6921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16216921.

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In this work, the influence of normalizing temperature on vanadium micro-alloyed P460NL1 steel is studied in terms of microstructures and impact toughness. With the normalizing temperature increased from 850 °C to 950 °C, the V(C,N) particles are dissolved. The dissolution of V(C,N) particles leads to a reduction in their ability to pin the primitive austenite grain boundaries, resulting in the coarsening of the primitive austenite grain. Simultaneously, the number of precipitated particles promoting ferrite nucleation decreased. The combination of these two effects led to the coarsening of fe

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Lei, Huaming, Guiyun Tian, Hui Zhao, Yimei Mao, and Zuoying Huang. "Health Monitoring for Coated Steel Belts in an Elevator System." Journal of Sensors 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/750261.

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This paper presents a method of health monitoring for coated steel belts in an elevator system by measuring the electrical resistance of the ropes embedded in the belt. A model on resistance change caused by fretting wear and stress fatigue has been established. Temperature and reciprocating cycles are also taken into consideration when determining the potential strength degradation of the belts. It is proved by experiments that the method could effectively estimate the health degradation of the most dangerous section as well as other ones along the whole belts.

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Santoshi Anusha, Pediredla Veni, Swapna Peravali, and Dodda Venkata Rama Koti Reddy. "Digital transformation technologies for conveyor belts predictive maintenance: a review." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 36, no. 1 (2024): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i1.pp639-646.

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The availability of condition-monitoring data has increased due to internet of things (IoT) technologies, providing information on various parameters like vibration, temperature, current, and voltage. Cloud computing and big data facilitate the prevention of failures and estimation of remaining useful life through advanced mathematical models and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. These enable prompt and suitable maintenance actions. This article conducts a systematic review of digital transformation technologies, including cloud computing, edge computing, AI, machine learning (ML), and

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