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Giechaskiel, Barouch, Alessandro A. Zardini, and Michael Clairotte. "Exhaust Gas Condensation during Engine Cold Start and Application of the Dry-Wet Correction Factor." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112263.
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Gas components, like carbon monoxide (CO) and dioxide (CO2), can be measured on a wet- or dry-basis depending on whether the water is left or removed from the sample before analysis. The dry concentrations of gaseous components in the exhaust from internal combustion engines are converted to wet concentrations with conversion factors based on the combustion products and the fuel properties. Recent CO2 measurements with portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) compared to laboratory grade equipment showed differences during the first minutes after engine start. In this study we compared instruments measuring on a dry- and wet-basis using different measuring principles (non-dispersive infrared detection (NDIR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)) at the exhaust of gasoline, compressed natural gas (CNG), and diesel light-duty and L-category vehicles. The results showed an underestimation of the CO2 and CO mass emissions up to 13% at cold start when the conversion factor is applied and not direct “wet” measurements are taken, raising concerns about reported CO2 and CO cold start emissions in some cases. The underestimation was negligible (<1%) for CO2 when the whole test (20–30 min) was considered, but not for CO (1%–10% underestimation) because the majority of emissions takes place at cold start. Exhaust gas temperature, H2O measurements and different expressions of the dry-wet corrections confirmed that the differences are due to condensation at the exhaust pipes and aftertreatment devices when the surface temperatures are lower than the dew point of the exhaust gases. The results of this study help to interpret differences when comparing instruments with different principles of operation at the same location, instruments sampling at different locations, or the same instrument measuring different driving test cycles or at different ambient temperatures (e.g., −7 °C).
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Bujoreanu, Carmen, Eugen Golgoţiu, Sorinel Gicu Talif, and Gheorghe Manolache. "Experimental Investigation on Functional Parameters of the Engines Exhaust Mufflers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.224.
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The paper presents the results obtained by investigating some functional parameters as the noise level, the pressure – drop and the temperatures of three different manufacturing solutions for mufflers. The results emphasize the corroboration between these parameters and contribute to the improvement of the muffler fabrication and design since it is a complex function that affects noise characteristics, emission and fuel efficiency of engine. It was designed a measurement chain for the noise level evaluation of the mufflers including a microphone Bruel&Kjaer type 4133, a Impulse Precision Sound Level Meter Bruel&Kjaer, type 2209, with standard filters and a multifunctional external data acquisition board type-NI DAQPad-6015 . We assessed the noise level, using two based LabVIEW virtual instruments, measuring total band power and the equivalent continuous sound pressure level. It was also created a measurement chain for the pressure – drop evaluation and temperature distribution on the external surface of the mufflers.
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Pokusaev, Mikhail Nikolaevich, Alexei Viktorovich Trifonov, and Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Kostyrenko. "TESTING PLANT FOR ENGINE WITH ENERGY EFFICIENT COOLING SYSTEM." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2021, no. 1 (2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2021-1-15-21.
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The article focuses on developing a new testing system for the Iveco 8041I06 55 R900 engine in the laboratory “Marine Diesels” under Astrakhan state technical university in the event of modernizing the test benches with ship engines. There has been considered creating an ex-perimental unit for conducting heat-balance tests of a marine engine using modern measurement and control tools. The unit consists of a converted engine powered by a generator. The engine will be tested according to the generator characteristic. There is given the data on the main technical parameters of the tested engine and on the potential configuration of the instrument base. As a load for the generator, it is planned to use a resistive load device. A fuel micro-meter will be used to measure the fuel consumption. Flow meters are selected for measuring the flow rates. Heat carriers and temperature sensors are selected for measuring temperature of the exhaust gases. The parameters of the engine under consideration are compared with the requirements of the Russian River Register for marine engines. The scope of work on converting an industrial engine into a marine engine in terms of the modernization of the cooling system has been described. The unit is designed to study the ship's cooling system operation, in which the control is carried out by changing the speed of the suspended pump depending on the temperature of the seawater. There was selected 
 a pump and a device to regulating its rotating speed. The positive effect is achieved by reducing the power consumed by the pump. It saves the fuel and reduces the environmental damage due to the lower carbon dioxide emissions
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Giechaskiel, Barouch, Tero Lähde, Matthias Schwelberger, et al. "Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (2019): 4418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204418.
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The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation.
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Kumbár, Vojtěch, Adam Polcar, and Jiří Čupera. "Rheological profiles of blends of the new and used motor oils." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 1 (2013): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361010115.
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The objective of this paper is to find changes of a rheological profile of the new engine oil if the used engine oil will be add. And also find changes of a rheological profile of the used engine oil if the new engine oil will be add. For these experiments has been created the blends of the new and the used engine oil. The temperature dependence of the density [kg.m−3] has been measured in the range of −10 °C and +60 °C. The instrument Densito 30PX with the scale for measuring engine oils has been used. The dynamic viscosity [mPa.s] has been measured in the range of −10 °C and +100 °C. The Anton Paar digital viscometer with the concentric cylinders geometry has been used. In the accordance with the expected behaviour, the density and the kinematic viscosity of all oils was decreasing with the increasing temperature. To the physical properties has been the mathematical models created. For the temperature dependence of the density has been used the linearly mathematical model and the exponentially mathematical model. For the temperature dependence of the dynamic viscosity has been used the polynomial 6th degree. The knowledge of density and viscosity behaviour of an engine oil as a function of its temperature is of great importance, especially when considering running efficiency and performance of combustion engines. Proposed models can be used for description and prediction of rheological behaviour of engine oils.
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Polivyanchuk, A., M. Smirny, S. Romanenko, et al. "RESEARCH OF EFFICIENCY ECOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEM OF HEAT ENGINES AND BOILER PLANTS." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 152 (2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2019-6-152-73-78.
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A universal, multifunctional system of environmental diagnostics of heat engines and boiler plants has been created, which allows one to determine indicators characterizing the chemical and physical effect of these objects on the environment: concentrations, mass, specific and average operational emissions of pollutants, noise, thermal pollution, vibration. This measuring system consists of instrumental, testing, demonstration and laboratory modules, which allows you to use it as a diagnostic tool, training and test bench and laboratory; as well as apply it in various fields: transport, energy, environmental and educational fields. The diagnostic system implements methods for monitoring and improving the accuracy of measurements of average operating emissions of pollutants: method for determining the resulting measurement errors of the average operational emissions of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter – GAS and РT indicators, which allows you to evaluate the impact on the data of the value of the errors of the measuring equipment of the diagnostic system; a method for increasing the accuracy of measurements of the normalized РT index by taking into account the methodological error of measurements of a given value due to the influence of the temperature of the sample in the tunnel on the measured emission of particulate matter - δРТt. Experimental studies of the diagnostic system and methods for increasing its accuracyon full-scale objects were carried out: diesel engines: tractor 4CHN12/14 tractor D65M, diesel locomotive diesel engine DEL-01 and boiler units: gas - DKVR-20/13 and AOGV-100E, solid fuel - KCHM-2M-4. Transport diesels were tested according to the cycles established by the UNECE Regulations R-49, R-96 and the international standard ISO-8178. As a result of tests of these engines, the coefficients KРi, KMgasi and KMрmi were determined, which are used to assess the accuracy of measurements of GAS and РT indicators, the resulting measurement errors of these values were investigated and the range of variation of the methodical error δРТt was determined.
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Prasetyo, Andi, and Arif Surono. "Studi Eksperimental Pergerakan Temperatur Radiator Terhadap Putaran Mesin (RPM) dengan Kecepatan Kipas Constant." Creative Research in Engineering 1, no. 1 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/cerie.v1i1.9478.
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The research aims to evaluate the engine rotation (rpm) against changes in radiator temperature. Radiator used is compact heat exchanger tube and fins type. The study was conducted using an experimental method on a BMW E.36 car with a stop state. The research scheme we use consists of radiator water reservoir tanks, water pumps, and radiators. Measuring instruments used are anemometer, thermocople, stopwatch and reader. Data retrieval is carried out at the radiator entrance temperature, radiator exit temperature and the temperature on the radiator wall that hits the fan. In this study we did variations of engine rotation (rpm) of 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm. The results showed that in the use of fans at a speed of 6.5 m / s able to throw heat into the environment well, this proved to be obtained the highest temperature value at the 10th minute of 57.5 oC at a fan speed of 3.5 m / s. Meanwhile, in the 10th minute the lowest temperature was obtained from a speed of 6.5 m/s of 40 oC.
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Диасамидзе Мзия Ресановна, Телия Тамаз Николаевич та Моцкобили Ия Ревазовна. "МЕЖПРЕДМЕТНАЯ СВЯЗЬ – КАК ПУТЬ ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ КУРСОВ „ОБЩЕЙ ФИЗИКИ И МАТЕМАТИКИ“ В БГМА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ". International Academy Journal Web of Scholar, № 5(47) (31 травня 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_wos/31052020/7092.
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The article analyzes the influence of the relationship of basic subjects with general technical subjects in the learning process for students of marine specialties. It is possible to realize this connection by developing and implementing engineering problems that a student at the BSMA will have to face both in primary courses and in the study of special subjects. Our early research results indicate the effectiveness of the use of such a teaching method as a means of developing students' thinking. Our institution is a specific technical university. Graduates have to work in extremely dangerous situations at sea, and they have to decide the fate of passengers, ship and cargo in a matter of minutes. Therefore, special thinking is an essential feature of a sailor. While studying, along with other subjects, students study various marine equipment, conduct observations of measuring instruments (for example, temperature in the engine room, in turbine pumps, etc.). The article considers the engineering problem - determining the value of the linear temperature coefficient of a thermistor in Excel. Based on the basic data, a graph of the dependence of temperature on resistance is constructed, a linear temperature coefficient and the reliability of the approximation value are determined. It is established whether the device used is laboratory. The corresponding conclusions are made.
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Ma, Nan-qi, Hua Su, and Jun Liu. "An intelligent instrument for measuring exhaust temperature of marine engine." Journal of Marine Science and Application 5, no. 4 (2006): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11804-006-6029-6.
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Məhəmməd oğlu Rəhimov, Rəhim, and Ceyhun Telman oğlu Abdullayev. "Temperature measuring instruments on microcontrollers." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/19-22.
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Modern temperature measuring instruments are implemented on microcontrollers. In this case, the thermometer is used not only to measure the room temperature, but also to measure and regulate the temperature of water in incubators, refrigerators, aquariums, etc. Can be applied in places. Temperature measurement schemes are also built on modern chips and microcontrollers. Because these circuits have digital output, the measurement error is reduced. Here, the value of the sampling period is 2 seconds. Among these devices, we can also show an analog-to-digital converter with high traction capacity, which, when used in conjunction with a computer, has a sampling time of 30 ms. RT-type regulators are used to regulate the temperature in water and steam water heaters and refrigerators. Key words: temperature transmitter, microcontroller, temperature measurement, voltage converter, seven-segment indicator
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Asrar, Ghassem R. "Advances in Quantitative Earth Remote Sensing: Past, Present and Future." Sensors 19, no. 24 (2019): 5399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245399.
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A combination of multispectral visible, infra-red and microwave sensors on the constellation of international Earth-observing satellites are providing unprecedented observations for all Earth domains over multiple decades (i.e., atmosphere, land, oceans and polar regions). This Special Issue of Sensors is dedicated to papers that describe such advances in the field of Earth remote sensing and their applications to advance understanding of Earth’s planetary system and applying the resulting knowledge and information to meet the societal needs during recent decades. The papers accepted and published in this issue convey the exciting scientific and technical challenges and opportunities for remote sensing of all domains of Earth system, including terrestrial, aquatic and coastal ecosystems; bathymetry of coasts and islands; oceans and lakes; measurement of soil moisture and land surface temperature that affects both water resources and food production; and advances in use of sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) in measuring and monitoring the contribution of terrestrial vegetation in the cycling of carbon in Earth’s system. Measurements of SIF, for example, has had a profound impact on the field of terrestrial ecosystems research and modelling. The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) instrument on the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCVR) satellite located at the Sun–Earth Lagrange Point One, about 1.5 million miles away from Earth, is providing unique observations of the Earth’s full sun-lit disk from pole-to-pole and minute-by-minute, which overcomes a major limitation in temporal coverage of Earth by other polar-orbiting Earth-observing satellites. Active and passive microwave remote sensing instruments allow all-weather measurements and monitoring of clouds, weather phenomena, land-surface temperature and soil moisture by overcoming the presence of clouds that affect measurements by visible and infrared sensors. The use of powerful in-space lasers is allowing scientists and engineers to measure and monitor rapidly changing ice sheets in polar regions and mountain glaciers. These sensors and their measurements that are deployed on major space-based observatories and small- and micro-satellites, and the scientific knowledge they provide, are enhancing our understanding of planet Earth and development of Earth system models that are used increasingly to project future conditions due to Earth’s rapidly changing environmental conditions. Such knowledge and information are benefiting people, businesses and governments worldwide.
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Park, Moon-Soo, Sung-Hwa Park, Jung-Hoon Chae, et al. "High-resolution urban observation network for user-specific meteorological information service in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 4 (2017): 1575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1575-2017.
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Abstract. To improve our knowledge of urban meteorology, including those processes applicable to high-resolution meteorological models in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) Urban Meteorological Observation System (UMS-Seoul) has been designed and installed. The UMS-Seoul incorporates 14 surface energy balance (EB) systems, 7 surface-based three-dimensional (3-D) meteorological observation systems and applied meteorological (AP) observation systems, and the existing surface-based meteorological observation network. The EB system consists of a radiation balance system, sonic anemometers, infrared CO2/H2O gas analyzers, and many sensors measuring the wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, precipitation, and air pressure. The EB-produced radiation, meteorological, and turbulence data will be used to quantify the surface EB according to land use and to improve the boundary-layer and surface processes in meteorological models. The 3-D system, composed of a wind lidar, microwave radiometer, aerosol lidar, or ceilometer, produces the cloud height, vertical profiles of backscatter by aerosols, wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, and liquid water content. It will be used for high-resolution reanalysis data based on observations and for the improvement of the boundary-layer, radiation, and microphysics processes in meteorological models. The AP system includes road weather information, mosquito activity, water quality, and agrometeorological observation instruments. The standardized metadata for networks and stations are documented and renewed periodically to provide a detailed observation environment. The UMS-Seoul data are designed to support real-time acquisition and display and automatically quality check within 10 min from observation. After the quality check, data can be distributed to relevant potential users such as researchers and policy makers. Finally, two case studies demonstrate that the observed data have a great potential to help to understand the boundary-layer structures more deeply, improve the performance of high-resolution meteorological models, and provide useful information customized based on the user demands in the SMA.
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Ozgovych, Andriy, and Olena Panchuk. "Methods and instruments for measuring temperature distribution." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 78 (2017): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2017.78.034.
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Zhukov, Vladimir Anatoljevich, and Sergey Andreevich Sherban. "Measuring instruments for determining composition of exhaust gases of ship internal combustion engines." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2020, no. 2 (2020): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2020-2-100-110.
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The article describes the problem of air pollution by engines of sea and river vessels. Compliance with environmental requirements established by state and international regulatory documents is a prerequisite for the safe operation of sea and river vessels. The composition of the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines should be considered the main and most objective criterion for the environmental safety of marine power plants. The requirements for the exhaust gases composition and the procedure for determining regulated indicators are established by various regulatory documents which indicate only the principle the device operation. Most regulatory documents do not take into account the capabilities of modern devices and design features of ship power plants. In the process of analyzing exhaust gases, the composition of toxic substances and solid particles is determined by gas analyzers and smoke meters. The principles of operation of modern instruments are described, their capabilities and metrological characteristics are presented, and the prospects for using such instruments on sea and river vessels are evaluated. The problems that arise during the analysis of exhaust gases on small displacement vessels with wet exhaust gases are considered. There have been proposed the measures which will improve the quality of marine diesel emissions control and contribute to improving the technical operation of the fleet. The necessity of updating the instrumental base for monitoring toxicity and smoking of exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is indicated. The solution to the problem requires an integrated approach, taking into account the operating conditions of ships, capabilities of measuring equipment, design features of ship engines, requirements of regulatory documents and rules of classification societies.
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Ivanov, Yu M., V. A. Kovalenko, V. A. Morozov, S. A. Nekhoroshev, V. A. Nikolaenko, and V. A. Potichenko. "Measuring the temperature of piston parts of high-speed two-stroke diesel engines with crystal temperature-measuring device." Strength of Materials 17, no. 2 (1985): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01532366.
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Fanick, E. R. "Test Procedures for Measuring Exhaust Emissions From Natural Gas Transmission Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 3 (1990): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906511.
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The measurement of exhaust components from large natural gas transmission engines involves collection of the exhaust sample, transfer of the sample to the analytical instrumentation, measurement of individual component concentrations, and calculations of emission results in terms of mass, fuel specific, and brake specific rates. The major exhaust components measured include nitrogen oxides (NOx), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen (O2). Collection of the exhaust sample requires proper probe design and placement in the exhaust system. Transfer of the sample to the analytical instruments must maintain sample integrity from the point where the sample is removed from the exhaust stream to the point at which the sample enters the instrument for analysis. Various analytical techniques are used to measure the exhaust emission concentrations. These techniques include chemiluminescence for NOx, flame ionization for THC, nondispersive infrared (NDIR) for CO2 and CO, and polarography for O2. Calculation of the emission results in terms of mass fuel specific, and brake specific rates utilizes the measured emission concentrations, the engine operating parameters, and the “total carbon” method for data reduction and presentation.
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Izumi, S., M. Takemi, M. Ishida, H. Suetsugu, T. Maeda, and Y. Yoshimura. "Studies on Combustion, Vibration, and Noise in High-Speed Diesel Engines Through Newly Developed Measuring Instruments." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 3 (1988): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240132.
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The authors have been conducting studies on the reduction of exhaust emissions using a high-speed diesel engine. By applying composite countermeasures consisting of five items: (1) timing retard, (2) optimization of fuel injection system, (3) water-in-oil type emulsified fuel, (4) application of ignition improver, and (5) an increase in airflow quantity, an exhaust NOx level less than half of the original was attained while retaining the original low levels of fuel consumption, smoke density, and engine noise. The authors developed new measuring instruments in order to grasp the true nature of combustion, especially to clarify the delicate change in combustion. By using these instruments, the combustion phenomena were analyzed accurately, speedily, and synthetically on various aspects such as combustion mode, vibration, noise, thermal loading, heat balance, etc. The complicated combustion behavior in the cylinder has been clarified in part by simultaneous measurement of cylinder pressure at several points.
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Henderson, I. A., and J. McGhee. "Classical taxonomy: An holistic perspective of temperature measuring systems and instruments." IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology 140, no. 4 (1993): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-3.1993.0040.
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Pontious, S., A. Kennedy, and K. Chung. "ACCURACY, PRECISION, SENSITIVITY, AND SPECIFICITY OF TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR CHILDREN." Pediatric Emergency Care 9, no. 5 (1993): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199310000-00030.
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Barak, Samuel, Ramees K. Rahman, Sneha Neupane, et al. "Measuring the effectiveness of high-performance Co-Optima biofuels on suppressing soot formation at high temperature." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 7 (2020): 3451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920223117.
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Soot emissions in combustion are unwanted consequences of burning hydrocarbon fuels. The presence of soot during and following combustion processes is an indication of incomplete combustion and has several negative consequences including the emission of harmful particulates and increased operational costs. Efforts have been made to reduce soot production in combustion engines through utilizing oxygenated biofuels in lieu of traditional nonoxygenated feedstocks. The ongoing Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) initiative from the US Department of Energy (DOE) is focused on accelerating the introduction of affordable, scalable, and sustainable biofuels and high-efficiency, low-emission vehicle engines. The Co-Optima program has identified a handful of biofuel compounds from a list of thousands of potential candidates. In this study, a shock tube was used to evaluate the performance of soot reduction of five high-performance biofuels downselected by the Co-Optima program. Current experiments were performed at test conditions between 1,700 and 2,100 K and 4 and 4.7 atm using shock tube and ultrafast, time-resolve laser absorption diagnostic techniques. The combination of shock heating and nonintrusive laser detection provides a state-of-the-art test platform for high-temperature soot formation under engine conditions. Soot reduction was found in ethanol, cyclopentanone, and methyl acetate; conversely, an α-diisobutylene and methyl furan produced more soot compared to the baseline over longer test times. For each biofuel, several reaction pathways that lead towards soot production were identified. The data collected in these experiments are valuable information for the future of renewable biofuel development and their applicability in engines.
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Farmadi, Andi, and Muliadi Muliadi. "SISTEM FUZZY PADA KONTROLING AERATOR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS AIR KOLAM PEMBIBITAN IKAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR DO DAN SENSOR SUHU." KLIK - KUMPULAN JURNAL ILMU KOMPUTER 8, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/klik.v8i1.369.
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<p><em>Dissolved oxygen levels in water will affect water quality directly and indirectly for fish life as well as conditions in the water environment, therefore, it is very important to control water quality for adequate dissolved oxygen levels, because this plays an important role in the health condition of the environmental ecosystem for fish nurseries. Researchers usually measure and monitor water quality using measuring instruments that are widely sold in the market, for conditions of decreasing dissolved oxygen levels in fish nurseries tank can usually be controlled by adding an air bubble machine to the water using an aerator machine. Giving air bubbles to water is an effort to control the conditions for the adequacy of dissolved oxygen in the water, and the best system is to carry out a continuous control system regarding water quality, sometimes the oxygen condition in the water is sufficient for the standard of dissolved oxygen in water. However, the blower blower is still running, this is less effective because it requires unnecessary electrical energy or wastes energy. Analysis of the aerator engine control system is needed to make a design as to what state the aerator engine should be turned on. Analysis of the aerator engine control system can be done by measuring the level of oxygen and water temperature in the fish nursery tank, then designing a fuzzy model with the Sugeno inference system for how long the engine must be turned on. The analysis and design of this aerator system is a proposed solution to these problems with a system of measurement and monitoring carried out intelligently by a machine, so that it is able to measure how late this aerator machine must be turned on. and the developed design is capable of being a smart machine using a fuzzy system</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Fuzzy inference, aerator engine, smart system, water quality.</em></p><p><em>Kadar oksigen terlarut dalam air akan mempengaruhi kualitas air secara langsung dan tidak langsung bagi kehidupan ikan juga keadaan di lingkungan air tersebut, oleh karena itu peningkatan kualitas air untuk keadaan kecukupan kadar oksigen yang terlarut sangat penting untuk dikontrol, karena hal ini berperan penting pada kondisi kesehatan ekosistem lingkungan pembibitan ikan. </em><em>Para peneliti biasanya melakukan pengukuran dan pemantauan kualitas air dengan menggunakan alat ukur yang banyak di jual dipasaran, untuk kondisi menurunnya kadar oksigen yang terlarut pada kolam pembibitan ikan biasanya dapat di kontrol dengan menambahkan mesin gelembung udara pada air menggunakan mesin aerator. Pemberian gelembung udara pada air merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengontrol kondisi kecukupan kadar oksigen yang terlarut di dalam air, dan sistem yang terbaik yaitu melakukan sistem kontrol secara terus menerus mengenai kualitas air, terkadang kondisi oksigen di dalam air telah mencukupi standar kecukupan oksigen terlarut pada air, namun mesin penyembur gelembung udara masih dinyalakan, hal ini menjadi kurang efektif sebab akan membutuhkan energi listrik yang tidak semestinya atau terjadinya pemborosan energi. Analisis sistem pengontrolan mesin aerator dibutuhkan untuk melakukan desain seperti apa sebaiknya keadaan mesin aerator dihidupkan. Analisis sistem pengontrolan mesin aerator ini dapat dilakan dengan mengukur tingkat kadar oksigen dan suhu air pada kolam pembibitan ikan, kemudian melakukan perancangan model fuzzy dengan sistem inferensi sugeno seberapa lama mesin harus dihidupkan. Analisis dan desain sistem aerator ini merupakan usulan solusi permasalahan tersebut dengan sistem pengukuran dan pemantauan dilakukan secara cerdas oleh mesin, sehingga mampu mengukur seberapa lalma mesin aerator ini harus dihidupkan desain alat ini juga diharapkan mampu memberikan solusi peningkatan kualitas air pada pembibitan ikan dan diharapan pula analisis dan desain yang dikembangkan ini mampu menjadi mesin cerdas dengan menggukan sistem fuzzy</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci</em></strong><em> : Fuzzy inferensi, mesin aerator, Sistem cerdas, kualitas air.</em></p>
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Polivyanchuk, A., M. Smirny, O. Kaslin, O. Skuridina, Y. Kovalenko, and V. Beketov. "CREATION AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTING UNIVERSAL SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSTICS HEAT ENGINES AND BOILER INSTALLATIONS." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 149 (2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2019-3-149-77-82.
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A description is given of an experimental sample of a universal system for the environmental diagnosis of heat engines and boiler installations, which was developed at the Department of Environmental Engineering of the O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv. The properties of this system are: multi-functionality, compactness, mobility, ease of operation, a high degree of automation, informative results, ability to solve both research and training tasks. The structure, composition and functionality of the main modules of this system are considered: 1) measuring, which contains microtunnels МКТ-2, instruments and equipment for direct determination of indicators of chemical and physical pollution of the environment; 2) testing and demonstration, which consists of: installations for research of aerodynamic processes in exhaust systems of engines and boiler chimneys, laboratory transformer rack for mounting various test benches, a multimedia complex equipped with a tablet PC and an SMART information panel with a diameter of 43 " to demonstrate the operation of devices, equipment, programs, research results, etc.; 3) laboratory, which contains laboratory devices, equipment and consumables for the analysis of samples taken during environmental studies of natural objects. Normalized methods and techniques that allow to determine indicators characterizing chemical and physical pollution of the environment by heat engines and boiler installations are defined and systematized. Experimental testing of the created measuring system on full-scale objects: a gasoline engine of a passenger car - VAZ-21081 and automotive diesel engines - 4ЧН12 / 14, boilers with gas - DKVR-20/13 AOGV-100E and solid-fuel - КЧМ-2М-4 boilers. Tests confirmed the practical suitability of the measuring system.
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Minikes, R. É. "Determination of the temperature corrections to the readings of measuring instruments under dynamic temperature conditions." Measurement Techniques 50, no. 1 (2007): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-007-0025-3.
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Shi, Yan Ping, and Shu Hua Fan. "Application of the Nanocrystalline Alloy in Lubrication Oil Pressure-Measuring for Auto Engines." Advanced Materials Research 661 (February 2013): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.661.7.
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A novel measuring method based on Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy was studied to achieve accurate measurement of the lubrication oil pressure of auto engines. A magnetoelastic inductance pressure sensor was designed. Its operating principle, structure, output characteristics, and major parameters were discussed. The static characteristics of the sensor as well as its temperature, excitation circuit intensity, and influence on output frequency were analyzed through an experiment. Results show that the sensor is stable and reliable at high temperatures, and it has a simple structure. It can efficiently measure the lubrication oil pressure of auto engines.
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Ihsan, Nurul, Denny Dermawan, and Lazuardy Rahendra P. "SENSOR SYSTEM DESIGN FOR PROPELLER TEST BENCH." Vortex 2, no. 2 (2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/vortex.v2i2.1006.
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The sensor system is a system that functions to detect signals that come from changes in energy such as electrical energy, physical energy, chemical energy, biological energy, mechanical energy, and so on. The propeller test bench is an propeller performance testing platform prior to propeller installation on an aircraft to ensure engine suitability. The purpose of this design is to test the performance capability of the engine with the right sensor system measurement tool so that it can generate the value of thrust, rpm speed, and the temperature of an engine which will be designed to be used in the learning process to support propulsion practicum activities. The method used in this research is an experimental method of sensor system design. The design of the sensor system consists of a tachometer as a rpm measurement sensor, a thermostat as a sensor to measure the temperature of the propeller spool and temperature of the engine fin, and also a load cell as a sensor to measure the thrust value.The sensor system test results were then validated using the measurement results by the sensor manufacturer. The test was carried out on a wood-type propeller measuring 22 x 8 chords 4,5 cm and 5 cm. Based on the test results, it is known that the chord wood type propeller is 4,5 cm, at the maximum rpm is 7021.7, the resulting thrust value is 6.75. In testing the 5cm chord wood type propeller shows the maximum speed of 6977.5 produces a thrust of 6.95. Validation was carried out on the measurement results of rpm and thrust, the average error factor obtained for 4,5 cm chord wood type propeller was 0.783%, while for 5 cm chord wood type propeller the average error factor obtained was 1.0582%. From the resulting average error, it can be concluded that the measuring instrument for this sensor system has good accuracy
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Gornostaev, A. I. "Features of ensuring noise immunity of interface modules for temperature control in measuring instruments of spacecraft." Spacecrafts & Technologies 5, no. 2 (2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/j.st.2021.2.04.
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An important stage in the development of temperature control interface modules for measuring instruments, implemented according to the main-modular principle of construction on the basis of a central instrument module and used as part of a measuring system on spacecraft for various purposes, is to ensure their noise-immune operation when the measuring system is exposed to a combination of various types of interference which determine the electromagnetic environment on the spacecraft. The article is devoted to the analysis of the characteristics of various types of interference affecting the measuring system, identifying the ways of their penetration into the temperature control interface module and determining the influence of the characteristics of these interference on the choice of measures to ensure the required noise immunity of the temperature control interface module as part of the measuring device. It is shown that the paths of interference penetration into the interface temperature control module depend on the frequency and time characteristics of the interference affecting the measuring system. Measures to mitigate these interference must be determined after assessing the danger of their penetration into the interface temperature control module for each path separately in the entire frequency range of their impact. Based on the results of such assessments, a set of reasonable measures should be determined to ensure the noise immunity of the interface temperature control module as part of the measuring device, implemented in combination at the design levels of the measuring system, the measuring device and the interface temperature control module.
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Syayakti, Syafiq Naufal, Endang Dian Setioningsih, and Sumber Sumber. "4 Channel Sterilizer Calibrator." Indonesian Journal of electronics, electromedical engineering, and medical informatics 1, no. 2 (2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/ijeeemi.v1i2.4.
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Thermocouple (Thermocouple) is a type of temperature sensor used to detect or measure temperature through two types of metal conductors, whose working principle is that each end of a metal conductor is combined to create a "Thermoelectric" effect. One type of metal conductor contained in a thermocouple will serve as a reference with a constant temperature (fixed), while a metal conductor functions as a metal conductor that detects hot temperatures. Sterilisator is a device used to sterilize medical instruments to avoid the bacteria that attach to the remainder of the use of medical instruments. The temperature of the sterilizer varies but generally for dry sterilizers ranges from 175 ° Celsius. From the above problems, the author wants to develop a "4 Channel Sterilizer Calibrator", Using the Arduino Nano Atmega328 as a minimum system, K type thermocouple and MAX6675 module as a sensor. Measurements were made by comparing modules with standard measuring instruments, obtained the smallest error 0.2% at T3 and T4 when measuring 100 ° C, and the largest 4.4% at T2 when measuring 150 ° C.
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Wargula, Łukasz, Konrad Jan Waluś, and Piotr Krawiec. "The problems of measuring the temperature of the small engines (SI) on the example of a drive for non-road mobile machines." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925404004.
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Modern drive units designed for driving non-road machines are characterized by liberal regulations regarding the limits of toxic compounds emission in exhaust gases. These regulations contribute to the low level of technical advancement of this type of drive units. Among the new non-road small engines (SI) offered in the sale in 2018 in the European Union, the majority of them are equipped with carburettor systems whose fuel supply characteristics do not allow to achieve modern fuel-air mixture control standards. Therefore, action should be taken to develop these drive units towards electronic control of combustion processes in these engines, which will allow the use of innovative control algorithms. One of the basic signals supporting the selection of the air-fuel mixture is the engine temperature. The paper presents an overview of the methods for measuring the temperature of internal combustion engines and presents the results of research on the process of warming up the engine. The tests were carried out with three methods using an oil temperature sensor, a surface temperature sensor and a thermal imaging camera. An attempt was made to indicate construction guidelines taking into account the place of temperature measurement, correction factors were determined in relation to the oil temperature. The developed coefficients can be used to precisely determine the thermal state of the engine, which is an important aspect in the process of controlling the fuel-air mixture and affects its consumption.
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Sato, Osamu, Kazuya Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Sonko Osawa, Makoto Abe, and Toshiyuki Takatsuji. "Challenge for the Traceable Dimensional Measurement Using CMM in Factory Floor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 870 (September 2017): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.870.243.
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Dimensional measurement is a key process in the quality assurance of manufacturing. Not only classical one-dimensional measurement devices, several kind of three-dimensional coordinate measuring systems (CMSs) including coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are used for dimensional measurement tasks in measurement rooms or in factory floors. For the purpose of the quality guarantee, the measurement for the validation on the products should be performed with the traceable manner. In the case of the dimensional measurement, the measurement results of the products should be stated as the corresponding values in the reference temperature, 20 °C. Therefore, at least the traceability of the length indication instruments and temperature-measuring equipment installed into the measuring device to be used should be ensured. Usually, the traceability of the instrument or equipment is ensured through the calibration on it. Now, typical CMMs in factory floor have non-calibrated temperature-measuring equipment because the equipment is hard to be detached off for the calibration, and therefore, the temperature-measuring equipment is usually left uncalibrated. Recently, a new procedure by which both the length indication instruments and temperature-measuring equipment installed into a CMM are able to be calibrated simultaneously is established. In this research, the traceable dimensional measurement using a CMM equipped with uncalibrated temperature-measuring instrument is developed by as an application of the established calibration procedure. Through the experiment, the traceable dimensional measurement using the CMM placed on the factory floor is demonstrated.
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Gaisky, V. A., and P. V. Gaisky. "Possibilities of measuring the local density of seawater in probe instruments." Monitoring systems of environment, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33075/2220-5861-2021-1-61-67.
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In modern expeditionary research carried out on research vessels, the local density of seawater is not measured, but calculated using the TEOS-10 thermodynamic equation of state based on cumulative measurements of pressure, temperature and electrical conductivity or speed of sound. The equation of state with satisfactory accuracy is valid only for oceanological waters, and is used with corrections for the waters of the marginal and inland seas. These corrections are permanently refined and will be refined in the future. It is desirable to have direct measurements of the local density of any waters directly in the environment with sufficient accuracy, which is now 4·10-6. Laboratory measurements made by various methods and with different devices, not always automated, give accuracy ~ . Attempts to automate these measurements and introduce them into sounding devices have been made several times. Experimental samples of vibration, refractometric and hydrostatic devices have been created and tested, none of which have been introduced into the practice of expeditionary work for various reasons. However, scientific and technological progress makes possible technical solutions previously difficult to implement. This also applies to modifications of the hydrostatic method for measuring the local density, which have recently attracted the interest of developers. The paper analyzes the possibilities of implementing the hydrostatic method using multi-element resistor distributed pressure and temperature sensors, resistance profilers of these sensors and determining the spatial pressure drop on a given base by measuring and subtracting sensor resistances, taking into account temperature correction. The use of three such sensors, mounted on three rods, oriented downward along the axes of a rectangular coordinate system, provides the possibility of measuring the local density with an arbitrary orientation of the probe relative to the vertical. The analysis shows the possibility of measuring the local density of seawater by the hydrostatic method with the required accuracy in probe instruments.
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Yusuf, Bhakti Hardian, I. Made Satriya Wibawa, and I. Ketut Putra. "The Manufacturing of Low Temperature Measuring Devices Using a PT-100 Sensor Based on ATmega328 Microcontroller." BULETIN FISIKA 21, no. 1 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2020.v21.i01.p05.
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A low temperature measuring device has been successfully developed using a microcontroller-based PT-100 sensor ATmega328. The temperature is measured using a PT-100 sensor, as the main processor using the ATmega 328 microcontroller, and the measured temperature is displayed on a 2x16 LCD. The results of the calibration at a temperature of 77 - 300 K against the reference measuring instrument obtained that, the ratio of the measured temperature between the reference measuring instrument and the measuring instrument made was 0.9893 ± 3.69 K and the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.9987. This indicates that the measurement results of the measuring instruments made have an accuracy level of 98.93% and a precision of 99.87%.
 Keywords: Low temperature, PT-100 Sensor, ATmega328 Microcontroller, LCD 2x16
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Lee, S. R., Z. G. Li, B. G. Wang, and H. S. Chiou. "An Application of the Fractal Theory in the Design of Heat Sink for Precision Measurement Instrument." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.717.
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Temperature variation on accuracy and stability in measurement instruments is an important issue. High performance and miniaturized instruments have rigorous requirements on temperature. Heat transfer and temperature control are important in instruments design. For laser interferometer, temperature variation will adversely affect the frequency stability of the laser and the measuring precision. In order to effectively stabilize the frequency, a simple and effective heat sink design for laser interferometer is presented. It is based on the fractal theory and the heat transfer characteristics to allow higher dissipation for temperature control to generate higher heat transfer area in a finite space. Experimental results in frequency stabilization clearly show that this method is effective.
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Gornostaev, A. I. "Optimization of the structure of the unified multichannel interface temperature control module for measuring instruments of spacecraft." Spacecrafts & Technologies 3, no. 3 (2019): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/2618-7957-2019-3-171-183.
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In the development of a unified multi-channel interface temperature control module for measuring instruments, built on a main-modular principle on the basis of the central instrument module and used on spacecraft for various purposes, the primary task is to determine its structure, which allows to provide temperature control on the elements of the spacecraft design in different measurement ranges and with different requirements for accuracy and stability of measurement. The article is devoted to the analysis of general requirements to the structure of the multi-channel interface temperature control module, in which the measuring channels can have different technical characteristics and the choice of variants for measuring the resistance of thermal converters to ensure the elimination of the systematic component of the measurement error. It is shown that in the structure of a unified multichannel interface temperature control module there should be a multichannel measurement scheme forming several measurement channels with different technical characteristics operating on a common channel of analog-to-digital conversion. To match the measuring channels with different input resistances and operating in different measurement ranges with the common channel of the analog-to-digital converter, it is necessary to use a controlled normalizing amplifier. To eliminate the systematic component of the measurement error, it is necessary to use three- or four-wire variants of the measurement schemes of thermal resistance converters, which allow the automatic compensation of the measurement error introduced by the resistances of the wires of the communication lines of the measuring cables, and the automatic calibration of the measurement error introduced by the measuring channels. To compensate for the nonlinear component of the measurement error introduced by thermal resistance converters, it is necessary on the basis of piecewise linear approximation of their nominal static characteristics to divide the operating ranges of measurement into subranges and to carry out automatic calibration measurement errors in each subrange separately.
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Colin, Patrick L., and T. M. Shaun Johnston. "Measuring Temperature in Coral Reef Environments: Experience, Lessons, and Results from Palau." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (2020): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090680.
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Sea surface temperature, determined remotely by satellite (SSST), measures only the thin “skin” of the ocean but is widely used to quantify the thermal regimes on coral reefs across the globe. In situ measurements of temperature complements global satellite sea surface temperature with more accurate measurements at specific locations/depths on reefs and more detailed data. In 1999, an in situ temperature-monitoring network was started in the Republic of Palau after the 1998 coral bleaching event. Over two decades the network has grown to 70+ stations and 150+ instruments covering a 700 km wide geographic swath of the western Pacific dominated by multiple oceanic currents. The specific instruments used, depths, sampling intervals, precision, and accuracy are considered with two goals: to provide comprehensive general coverage to inform global considerations of temperature patterns/changes and to document the thermal dynamics of many specific habitats found within a highly diverse tropical marine location. Short-term in situ temperature monitoring may not capture broad patterns, particularly with regard to El Niño/La Niña cycles that produce extreme differences. Sampling over two decades has documented large T signals often invisible to SSST from (1) internal waves on time scales of minutes to hours, (2) El Niño on time scales of weeks to years, and (3) decadal-scale trends of +0.2 °C per decade. Network data have been used to create a regression model with SSST and sea surface height (SSH) capable of predicting depth-varying thermal stress. The large temporal, horizontal, and vertical variability noted by the network has further implications for thermal stress on the reef. There is a dearth of definitive thermal information for most coral reef habitats, which undermines the ability to interpret biological events from the most basic physical perspective.
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Gornostaev, A. I. "PROBLEMS OF UNIFICATION OF MULTI-CHANNEL INTERFACE TEMPERATURE CONTROL MODULE FOR MEASURING INSTRUMENTS OF SPACECRAFT." Spacecrafts & Technologies 3, no. 1 (2019): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/2618-7957-2019-1-47-57.
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Shtern, Yu I., Ya S. Kozhevnikov, R. E. Mironov, M. Yu Shtern, and I. S. Karavaev. "A Procedure and a Hardware-Software System for the Automated Calibration of Temperature Measuring Instruments." Measurement Techniques 56, no. 5 (2013): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-013-0234-x.
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Assanis, D. N., and E. Badillo. "On Heat Transfer Measurements in Diesel Engines Using Fast-Response Coaxial Thermocouples." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 3 (1989): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240276.
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Finite element models of fast-response CO-AX thermocouples typically used for heat transfer measurements in diesel engines have been developed. Due to the small differences in thermal properties between the thermoelements and the iron engine components, CO-AX thermocouples are capable of measuring transient temperatures of iron components within an accuracy of 98 percent. However, these relatively small errors in temperature measurement result in as high as 25 percent errors in peak surface heat flux calculations. This implies that heat flux results depend not only on the temperature of the surface thermocouple junction, but are also sensitive to its time rate of change. Increasing the thin film thickness can significantly alter the heat flux profile deduced from surface junction temperatures.
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Owolabi, Taoreed O., Kabiru O. Akande, and Sunday O. Olatunji. "Computational Intelligence Approach for Estimating Superconducting Transition Temperature of Disordered MgB2Superconductors Using Room Temperature Resistivity." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1709827.
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Doping and fabrication conditions bring about disorder in MgB2superconductor and further influence its room temperature resistivity as well as its superconducting transition temperature (TC). Existence of a model that directly estimatesTCof any doped MgB2superconductor from the room temperature resistivity would have immense significance since room temperature resistivity is easily measured using conventional resistivity measuring instrument and the experimental measurement ofTCwastes valuable resources and is confined to low temperature regime. This work develops a model, superconducting transition temperature estimator (STTE), that directly estimatesTCof disordered MgB2superconductors using room temperature resistivity as input to the model. STTE was developed through training and testing support vector regression (SVR) with ten experimental values of room temperature resistivity and their correspondingTCusing the best performance parameters obtained through test-set cross validation optimization technique. The developed STTE was used to estimateTCof different disordered MgB2superconductors and the obtained results show excellent agreement with the reported experimental data. STTE can therefore be incorporated into resistivity measuring instruments for quick and direct estimation ofTCof disordered MgB2superconductors with high degree of accuracy.
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Guo, Shuang-Xi, Xian-Rong Cen, Ling Qu, Yuan-Zheng Lu, Peng-Qi Huang, and Sheng-Qi Zhou. "Quantifying Flow Speeds by Using Microstructure Shear and Temperature Spectral Analysis." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 38, no. 3 (2021): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-20-0103.1.
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AbstractFlow speed past the measuring probe is definitely needed for the estimation of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates ε and temperature dissipation rates χ based on the Taylor frozen hypothesis. This speed is usually measured with current instruments. Occasional failed work of these instruments may lead to unsuccessful speed measurement. For example, low concentration of suspended particles in water could make the observed speed invalid when using acoustic measuring instruments. In this study, we propose an alternative approach for quantifying the flow speeds by only using the microstructure shear or temperature data, according to the spectral theories of the inertial and dissipation subranges. A dataset of the microstructure profiler, vertical microstructure profiler (VMP), collected in the South China Sea (SCS) during 2017, is used to describe this approach, and the inferred speeds are compared with the actual passing-probe speeds, i.e., the falling speeds of the VMP. Probability density functions (PDFs) of the speed ratios, i.e., the ratios of the speeds respectively inferred from the inertial and dissipation subranges of the shear and temperature spectra to the actual speeds, follow the lognormal distribution, with corresponding mean values of 1.32, 1.03, 1.56, and 1.43, respectively. This result indicates that the present approach for quantifying the flow speeds is valid, and the speeds inferred from the dissipation subrange of shear spectrum agree much better with the actual ones than those from the inertial subrange of shear spectrum and the inertial and dissipation subranges of temperature spectrum. The present approach may be complementary and useful in the evaluation of turbulent mixing when the directly observed speeds are unavailable.
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Korczewski, Zbigniew. "Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurements in Diagnostics of Turbocharged Marine Internal Combustion Engines Part I Standard Measurements." Polish Maritime Research 22, no. 1 (2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0007.
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Abstract The article discusses the problem of diagnostic informativeness of exhaust gas temperature measurements in turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Theoretical principles of the process of exhaust gas flow in turbocharger inlet channels are analysed in its dynamic and energetic aspects. Diagnostic parameters are defined which enable to formulate general evaluation of technical condition of the engine based on standard online measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. A proposal is made to extend the parametric methods of diagnosing workspaces in turbocharged marine engines by analysing time-histories of enthalpy changes of the exhaust gas flowing to the turbocompressor turbine. Such a time-history can be worked out based on dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature, performed using a specially designed sheathed thermocouple. The first part of the article discusses possibilities to perform diagnostic inference about technical condition of a marine engine with pulse turbocharging system based on standard measurements of exhaust gas temperature in characteristic control cross-sections of its thermal and flow system. Selected metrological issues of online exhaust gas temperature measurements in those engines are discusses in detail, with special attention being focused on the observed disturbances and thermodynamic interpretation of the recorded measuring signal. Diagnostic informativeness of the exhaust gas temperature measurements performed in steady-state conditions of engine operation is analysed in the context of possible evaluations of technical condition of the engine workspaces, the injection system, and the fuel delivery process.
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Klionsky, Mark D., and Igor A. Samodurov. "State verification scheme for means of measuring DC and AC electrical resistance." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 5 (2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-5-26-30.
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The need to develop a new state verification scheme (SVS) is caused by the emergence of high-precision bridges, resistance measures and boxes with a low temperature coefficient (0,02–0,5) ppm/К, highly stable transient measures, electronic resistance calibrators, and high frequency resistance measures. Recommendations how to assign the status of a working standard to measures, R-meters and measuring shunts with accuracy from 0,005 % to 0,500 %, sufficient for verification of measuring instruments, are given. SVS consists of two parts: part 1 covers electrical resistance measures, boxes and R-meters, part 2 – to measuring shunts and shunt resistance meters. Part 2 was introduced to the SVS for the first time. The revised indicators of accuracy for working standards of all levels are considered, conditions for the investigation of measuring instruments for assigning the status of a working standard, criteria for assessing metrological characteristics are given.
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Kulyk, Mykola, Volodymyr Kvasnikov, Dmytro Kvashuk, and Anatolii Beridze-Stakhovskyi. "Errors classification method for electric motor torque measurement." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 1(60) (2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.237273.
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The use of high-precision measuring instruments for determining the torque of electric motors in such areas as medicine, motor transport, shipping, aviation requires the improvement of the metrological characteristics of measuring instruments. This, in turn, requires an accurate assessment of their error. Of particular importance is the measurement of power at high-speed installations, where in some cases conventional measurement systems are either unsuitable or have low accuracy. Thus, the use of high-speed turbomachines in aviation, transport, and rocketry creates an urgent need for the development of high-quality measuring instruments for conducting precise research. In turn, in the absence of means for accurately determining the error, attempts are made to predict them. This makes it possible to timely identify the influence of many factors on the accuracy of measuring instruments. The increase in the error arises, as a rule, through abrupt changes in the measurement conditions. Such errors are unpredictable, and their significance is difficult to predict. In the course of the study, the K-nearest neighbors method was used, to establish criteria for which a gross error may occur. The results obtained make it possible to establish threshold values at which the maximum deviation can be established under various conditions of the experiment. In a computational experiment using the K-nearest neighbors method, the following factors were investigated: vibration; temperature rise of measuring sensors; instabilities in the supply voltage of the electric motor, which affect the accuracy of the strain gauge and frequency converter. As a result, the maximum errors were obtained depending on the indicated influence factors. It has been experimentally confirmed that the K-nearest neighbors method can be used to classify deviations of the nominal value of the error of measuring instruments under various measurement conditions. A metrological stand has been developed for the experiment. It includes a strain gauge sensor for measuring torque and a photosensitive sensor for measuring the speed of the electric motor. Signal conversion from these sensors is implemented on the basis of the ESP8266 microcontroller
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Marinko, S. V. "The development of methods and instruments for measuring temperature from the thermoscope to the ITS-90." Measurement Techniques 49, no. 5 (2006): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-006-0134-4.
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Korczewski, Zbigniew. "Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurements in Diagnostics of Turbocharged Marine Internal Combustion Engines Part II Dynamic Measurements." Polish Maritime Research 23, no. 1 (2016): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0010.
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Abstract The second part of the article describes the technology of marine engine diagnostics making use of dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. Little-known achievements of Prof. S. Rutkowski of the Naval College in Gdynia (now: Polish Naval Academy) in this area are presented. A novel approach is proposed which consists in the use of the measured exhaust gas temperature dynamics for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the enthalpy flux of successive pressure pulses of the exhaust gas supplying the marine engine turbocompressor. General design assumptions are presented for the measuring and diagnostic system which makes use of a sheathed thermocouple installed in the engine exhaust gas manifold. The corrected thermal inertia of the thermocouple enables to reproduce a real time-history of exhaust gas temperature changes.
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Cahyadi Putra, I. Gusti Ngurah Anom, A. A. Istri Ngurah Eka Karyawati, Made Agung Raharja, Gst Ayu Vida Mastrika Giri, and I. Made Widiartha. "Peningkatan Fungsi UKS Dalam Memberikan Pendidikan Kesehatan Awal Berbasis IPTEKPada Sekolah Dasar Desa Belatungan." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 9, no. 1 (2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v09.i01.p07.
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Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) is a basic health business owned by a school. One of the functions of UKS is as a forum to provide early health education to school children. In primary schools the UKS maggot village does not function optimally, because there are no facilities and infrastructure to support UKS activities. Through the Udayana Mengabdi Program, assistance is provided for facilities and infrastructure, such as first aid kits, weighing instruments, temperature measuring instruments and height measuring instruments. Booked the administration of health records for elementary school students. From the programs that have been implemented, a survey is conducted to measure the success rate. After the service program was conducted the average level of knowledge of students about the function of UKS increased. As well as UKS in elementary schools, it should function properly as a place to provide early health education to elementary school children.
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Gimaev, R. R., Y. I. Spichkin, M. L. Plyashkevich, and A. M. Tishin. "Rotating-Sample Magnetometer for Measuring Crystal Field Parameters." Solid State Phenomena 190 (June 2012): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.190.175.
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A method of measuring crystal field parameters by means of a rotating-sample magnetometer is presented. The measurement is performed by registering 2nd, 4th and 6th harmonics of the signal that is proportional to magnetization change due to rotation of the sample in a magnetic field. Experimentally measured temperature dependence of the amplitudes of these harmonics is used to determine the crystal field parameters within the framework of the theoretical model proposed in [. The signal is detected by a digital lock-in amplifier, while temperature is controlled by a PID controller. The sample and pickup coils are located in the bore of a Halbach permanent magnet. The measurements are fully automated. Magnitude of the expected signal was estimated. Test measurements of magnetization of the Tb single crystal along a axis (in the easy crystallographic plane a-b) in the permanent magnetic field 2.7 T at room temperature were performed. The results show that sensitivity of the instruments and the proposed design of the equipment allows us to determine crystal field parameters of heavy rare-earth metals. Testing of the control software showed that computer-device communications and execution of the software blocks are correct.
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Eckman, Richard M., Ronald J. Dobosy, David L. Auble, Thomas W. Strong, and Timothy L. Crawford. "A Pressure-Sphere Anemometer for Measuring Turbulence and Fluxes in Hurricanes." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 6 (2007): 994–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech2025.1.
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Turbulence and air-surface exchange are important factors throughout the life cycle of a tropical cyclone. Conventional turbulence instruments are not designed to function in the extreme environment encountered in such storms. A new instrument called the Extreme Turbulence (ET) probe has been developed specifically for measuring turbulence on a fixed tower in hurricane conditions. Although the probe is designed for surface deployment, it is based on the same pressure-sphere technology used for aircraft gust probes. The ET probe is designed around a 43-cm-diameter sphere with 30 pressure ports distributed over its surface. A major obstacle during development was finding a method to prevent water from fouling the pressure ports. Two approaches were investigated: a passive approach using gravity drainage and an active approach using an air pump to flush water from the ports. The probes were tested in both dry and wet conditions by mounting them on a vehicle side by side with more conventional instruments. In dry conditions, test data from the ET probes were in good agreement with the conventional instruments. In rain, probes using the passive rain defense performed about as well as in dry conditions, with the exception of some water intrusion into the temperature sensors. The active rain defense has received only limited attention so far, mainly because of the success and simplicity of the passive defense.
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Latupeirissa, Dolpfy, Verna A. Suoth, and Hesky S. Kolibu. "RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR SUHU DAN KADAR ALKOHOL MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR LM35 DAN SENSOR MQ-3." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 17, no. 1 (2015): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.15.2.2015.9221.
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RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR SUHU DAN KADAR ALKOHOLMENGGUNAKAN SENSOR LM35 DAN SENSOR MQ-3ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk membuat alat ukur suhu dan kadar alkohol menggunakan sensor LM35 dan sensor MQ-3. Sistem akuisisi data alat ukur suhu dan kadar alkohol menggunakan mikrokontroler ATMega8 dan data hasil akuisisi ditampilkan menggunakan LCD 2×16. Alat ukur diuji dan dibandingkan dengan alat ukur standar. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan alat ukur suhu dan kadar alkohol dapat mengukur perubahan suhu dengan akurat dengan nilai NRMSE 0,0028, dan dapat mengukur kadar alkohol untuk alkohol medis dengan kadar 60%-90% dan alkohol aren dengan kadar 35%-55%. Kata kunci: suhu, kadar alkohol, sensor LM35, sensor MQ-3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TEMPERATURE AND ALCOHOL CONTENT MEASURING INSTRUMENT USING LM35 SENSOR AND MQ-3 SENSOR ABSTRACT A research has been conducted to make temperature and alcohol content measuring instrument using LM35 sensor and MQ-3 sensor. Data acquisition system of temperature and alcohol content measuring instrument was using ATMega8 microcontroller and data acquisition result were displayed using 2×16 LCD. Measuring instrument was tested and compared with standard measuring instruments. Test result shows that temperature and alcohol content measuring instrument could measure temperature changing with NRMSE valued 0,0028 and could measure alcohol content for medical alcohol with 60%-90% alcohol content and aren palm alcohol with 35%-55% alcohol content. Keywords: temperature, alcohol content, LM35 sensor, MQ-3 sensor
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Korneev, A. E. "Device for studying uneven rotation of crankshaft." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 173 (2020): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2020-173-40-43.
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The main topic of the article is the choice of the direction and implementation of the use of electronic measuring instruments and monitoring of the working process occurring in the diesel internal combustion engine. For this purpose, an analysis is performed and a device is created that allows controlling the uneven rotation of the engine crankshaft containing photoelectron sensors, one of which allows reading the moment of passing the upper dead point, the other is designed to control the angular speed of the flywheel. The device converts the signals of these sensors into the form necessary for visualization of the working periodic process on the oscilloscope screen. The article presents a block diagram of the device and its amplitude-frequency characteristic. This device can be used for research and development work to improve fuel supply systems in internal combustion engines
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Borovik, S. Yu, P. E. Podlipnov, Yu N. Sekisov, and O. P. Skobelev. "Influence of Disturbing Factors in a System for Measuring Radial Clearances in Gas-Turbine Engines with Temperature Self-Compensation." Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing 55, no. 4 (2019): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s8756699019040101.
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