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Journal articles on the topic 'Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Rynkowski, J. M. "Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) of Co−Ni/Al2O3 catalysts." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 30, no. 1 (1986): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02068143.

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2

Pirola, Carlo, Federico Galli, and Gregory S. Patience. "Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Temperature programmed reduction-TPR." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 96, no. 11 (2018): 2317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.23317.

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3

Ebitani, Kohki, and Hideshi Hattori. "Combined Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR)- Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD) Study of Supported Platinum Catalysts." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 64, no. 8 (1991): 2422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.64.2422.

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4

Yan, Aiyu, Bin Liu, Baofeng Tu, et al. "A Temperature-Programmed-Reduction Study on La1−xSrxCrO3 and Surface-Ruthenium-Modified La1−xSrxCrO3." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (2006): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2393308.

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A series of La1−xSrxCrO3(0⩽x⩽0.3) composite oxides were prepared by a modified citric method. These perovskite oxides were further modified with Ru through impregnation. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed-reduction (TPR) techniques were adopted to investigate the properties of both the as-prepared perovskite oxides and the surface-Ru-modified La1−xSrxCrO3 samples. XPS results indicated the existence of Cr6+ ions in the fresh samples and transformed to Cr3+ after reduction. The hydrogen consumed by these perovskite oxides during TPR increased wi

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5

Portnyagin, Arseniy, Alexey Golikov, Evgenii K. Papynov, and Valentin Avramenko. "Rate Constant Approximation with Cubic Splines for Kinetic Analysis of Temperature-Programmed Reduction Data." Key Engineering Materials 806 (June 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.806.87.

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Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) is a widely used method for characterization of oxide-based catalysts, sorbents, and functional materials, but its results lack quantitative assessment. Here, we present a novel approach to kinetic analysis of the TPR that can be applied to a large variety of systems involving multiple limiting stages. Implementation of cubic splines to approximate rate constant vs. conversion dependencies obtained from several TPR curves recorded at different heating rates yields in a set of kinetic parameters (activation energy and preexponential factors) for all reduct

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6

Dancheva, Snejana, Liuba Ilieva, Nikolay Kotsev, and Atanas Andreev. "TPSR, TPR, and TPO Studies of Pd-V2O5/Al2O3 Catalysts in Complete Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 9 (1994): 1922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19941922.

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Alumina-supported palladium vanadium-pentoxide catalysts were studied by means of temperature-programmed surface reaction, temperature-programmed reduction, temperature-programmed oxidation, and by ESR spectroscopy in the complete oxidation of benzene. The surface reaction measurements indicated that 0.5% Pd - 30% V2O5 / Al2O3 produced most oxidation products, compared to 0.5% Pd / Al2O3 or 30% V2O5 / Al2O3 samples. A drastic fall of peak maxima in temperature-programmed oxidation and reduction spectra indicates the decisive role of palladium in the mixed metal metal oxide system in facilitati

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7

Heidebrecht, Peter, Vladimir Galvita, and Kai Sundmacher. "An alternative method for parameter identification from temperature programmed reduction (TPR) data." Chemical Engineering Science 63, no. 19 (2008): 4776–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.10.012.

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8

Latif, Mohd Nor, Alinda Samsuri, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham, and Mohd Ambar Yarmo. "Reduction of Molybdenum Trioxide by Using Hydrogen." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.404.

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Metallic molybdenum was synthesized through reduction of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) by using hydrogen as a reducing agent. The reduction behavior of MoO3 were investigated by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The reduced phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The XRD results indicate that the reduction of MoO3 proceed in two steps reduction (MoO3 → MoO2 → Mo) with formation of intermediate phases of Mo4O11 during first step of reduction. However, the TPR results showed only one broad peak that correspond to all reduction step that was merge into one peak

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9

Jung, D. H., N. Umirov, T. Kim, Z. Bakenov, J. S. Kim, and S. S. Kim. "Thermal and Structural Stabilities of LixCoO2 cathode for Li Secondary Battery Studied by a Temperature Programmed Reduction." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj780.

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Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) method was introduced to analyze the structural change and thermal stability of LixCoO2 (LCO) cathode material. The reduction peaks of delithiated LCO clearly represented the different phases of LCO. The reduction peak at a temperature below 250 °C can be attributed to the transformation of CoO2–like to Co3O4–like phase which is similar reduction patterns of CoO2 phase resulting from delithiation of LCO structure. The 2nd reduction peak at 300~375 °C corresponds to the reduction of Co3O4–like phase to CoO–like phase. TPR results indicate the thermal insta

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10

Ma, Lingjuan, Dawei Han, Hongbin Ma, Longgang Liu, and Huichao Guo. "Characterization of Highly Dispersed Rod- and Particle-Shaped CuFe19Ox Catalysts and Their Shape Effects on WGS." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (2018): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120635.

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Highly dispersed CuFe19Ox catalysts with different shapes were prepared and further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and in-situ XRD. XRD and TEM results showed that the synthesized CuFe19Ox nanoparticles consisted of CuO and Fe2O3, while CuFe19Ox nanorods consisted of CuFe2O4 and Fe2O3. The reduction properties of CuFe19Ox samples were finely studied by H2-TPR, and the phase composition was identified by in-situ XPS, HR-TEM, and surface TPR (s-TPR). In-situ X-ray photoelectroscopy (XPS) indicated th

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11

Lee, So Yeon, Yong Kul Lee, S. Ted Oyama, Seok Hee Lee, and Hee Chul Woo. "Preparation of Silica-Supported Nickel Molybdenum Phosphides by Temperature-Programmed Reduction Technique." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1765.

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Silica supported nickel molybdenum phosphides (NiMoP/SiO2) were successfully prepared by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) reaction of phosphorous-impregnated nickel molybdenum oxides (NiMoO4) precursors with hydrogen at relatively low temperatures (530 – 590 oC) and characterized by Fourier transform-Infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Temperature-programmed reduction reaction (TPR). The process of solid transformation and properties of materials prepared from ammonium hydrogen phosphate (AMP)-impregnated samples were compared w

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12

Perego, C. "Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) Characterization of NiO/YSZ For Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." ECS Proceedings Volumes 1993-4, no. 1 (1993): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/199304.0454pv.

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13

Nagashima, Makoto, Daisuke Hirabayashi, and Kenzi Suzuki. "Oxygen Radicals Occlusion/Release Behavior of Nanoporous Aluminosilicate, Ca₁₂Al_14-XSi_XO_33+0.5X (0≦X≦4)." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 2105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2105.

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Oxygen radicals occlusion / release behavior of nanoporous aluminosilicate, Ca12Al14-XSiXO33+0.5X (0≦X≦4), synthesized under different condition was examined by the temperature programmed reduction (TPR) in an atmosphere of hydrogen in the temperature range of 200-1000°C and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) measurement at 800°C. From the TPR results of Ca12Al14O33 (X=0) and Ca12Al10Si4O35 (X=4), it was found that there were three oxygen release peaks, denoted as α, β and γ, on each sample and the peaks appeared in the temperature range 300-420°C, 420-600°C, and 600-750°C, respectively. T

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14

Liu, Liping, Xiaodong Wu, Yue Ma, et al. "Tungsten Oxide Modified V2O5-Sb2O3/TiO2 Monolithic Catalyst: NH3-SCR Activity and Sulfur Resistance." Processes 10, no. 7 (2022): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10071333.

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In this study, a V2O5-Sb2O3/TiO2 monolithic catalyst was modified by introducing WO3. The WO3-modified catalyst exhibited enhanced catalytic activity in the measuring temperature range of 175–320 °C. The changes in dispersion of vanadia species were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). A durability test was conducted in a wet SO2-containing atmosphere at 220 °C for 25 h. The sulfate deposition was estimated by temperature-programmed decomposition (TPDC) of sulfates, thermo-gravimetric (TG) analysis, and temperature-programm

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15

Matsumoto, Hiroshige, and Shuji Tanabe. "Formation of Reactive Clusters in Pd-Y Zeolite by Reduction-Reoxidation Treatment." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 4 (1992): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19920817.

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Preparation of a finely dispersed Pd-Y zeolite has been investigated by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. Upon the treatment by a sequence of calcination, reduction, and reoxidation, the original Pd(NH3)42+ ions in the zeolite transformed to reactive species, which were reduced with hydrogen at room temperature and characterized as small PdO clusters of about 25 Pd atoms.

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16

Salleh, Fairous, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Alinda Samsuri, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohammad Wahab Mohammad Hisham, and Mohd Ambar Yarmo. "Influence of Cerium Additive on the Reduction Behaviour of Tungsten Oxide under Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.389.

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The reduction of pure WO3 and Ce/WO3 has been studied by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FESEM analysis. The reduction behavior were examined by non-isothermal reduction up to 900 oC then continued with isothermal reduction at 900 oC for 45 min under (40% v/v) carbon monoxide in nitrogen (CO in N2) atmosphere. The TPR results shows that reduction peak of Ce/WO3 were shifts to lower temperature as compared with to the pure WO3. In addition, TPR results indicate that addition with ceria give better reducibility compared to pure WO3. Based on the charact

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17

Yafarova, Liliya V., Grigory V. Mamontov, Irina V. Chislova, Oleg I. Silyukov, and Irina A. Zvereva. "The Effect of Transition Metal Substitution in the Perovskite-Type Oxides on the Physicochemical Properties and the Catalytic Performance in Diesel Soot Oxidation." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (2021): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101256.

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The paper is focused on the Fe for Co substitution effect on the redox and catalytic properties in the perovskite structure of GdFeO3. The solid oxides with the composition GdFe1−xCoxO3 (x = 0; 0.2; 0.5; 0.8; 1) were obtained by the sol-gel method and characterized by various methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), N2 sorption, temperature-programmed desorption of oxygen (TPD-O2), simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The H2-TPR results showed that an increase in the cobalt content in the GdFe1−xCoxO3 (x = 0; 0.2;

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18

Achary, S. N., S. Varma, and A. K. Tyagi. "On reduction behavior of Al2(WO4)3: A combined powder XRD and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) studies." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 66, no. 7 (2005): 1200–1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.03.003.

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19

Lu, Long, Xueman Wang, Chunhua Hu, et al. "Nanosized V-Ce Oxides Supported on TiO2 as a Superior Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020202.

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Nanosized V-Ce oxides supported on TiO2 (VCT) were prepared and utilized in the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. Compared with the other V-Ce oxides-based catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2, and ZSM-5, VCT showed the best SCR activity in a low-temperature range. The NOx conversion of 90% could be achieved at 220 °C. Characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning election micrograph (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption with NH3 (NH3-TPD), and temperature-programm

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20

Cheng, Feng, and Xiuwei Li. "Temperature-Programmed Reduction of NiO/Al2O3 by Biochar In Situ Generated from Citric Acid." Processes 10, no. 8 (2022): 1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081542.

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The reduction of metal oxides by biochar is an important reaction for many biomass utilization technologies. This work investigated the temperature–programmed reduction (TPR) of NiO/Al2O3 by in situ generated biochar from citric acid pyrolysis. Firstly, NiO/Al2O3 was loaded with citric acid by impregnation and then heated from ambient temperature to 900 °C in a N2 flow. The process was on–line analyzed by the TGA–FTIR technique. Secondly, a series of intermediates was obtained and characterized by XRD, CHNO elemental analysis, and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). Lastly, a control exper

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21

Zabihi, Vahid, Mohammad Hasan Eikani, Mehdi Ardjmand, Seyed Mahdi Latifi, and Alireza Salehirad. "Selective catalytic reduction of NO by Co-Mn based nanocatalysts." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 19, no. 5 (2021): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2020-0240.

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Abstract One of the most significant aspects in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is developing suitable catalysts by which the process occurs in a favorable way. At the present work SCR reaction by ammonia (NH3-SCR) was conducted using Co-Mn spinel and its composite with Fe-Mn spinel, as nanocatalysts. The nanocatalysts were fabricated through liquid routes and then their physicochemical properties such as phase composition, degree of agglomeration, particle size distribution, specific surface area and also surface acidic sites have been investigated by X-ray diffra

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22

Zhang, Yanbing, Zhe Xu, Xie Wang, Xiulian Lu, and Yuying Zheng. "Fabrication of Mn-FeOx/CNTs Catalysts for Low-Temperature NO Reduction with NH3." Nano 10, no. 04 (2015): 1550050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292015500502.

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Mn - FeO x/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) catalysts were firstly prepared via simple incipient wetness method and used for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH 3. The structure and surface properties of the catalysts were characterized by N 2 sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen ( H 2-TPR). It was found that Mn - FeO x/CNTs catalyst exhibited excellent low-temperature SCR activi

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23

Dzakaria, Norliza, Maratun Najiha Abu Tahari, Salma Samidin, et al. "Effect of Cobalt on Nickel Oxide Toward Reduction Behaviour in Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.373.

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The reduction behaviour of cobalt doped with nickel oxide and undoped nickel oxide (NiO) by hydrogen (H2) in nitrogen (20%, v/v) and carbon monoxide (CO) in nitrogen (40%, v/v) atmospheres have been investigated by temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The phases formed of partially and completely reduced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). TPR results indicate that the reduction of Co doped and undoped nickel oxide in both reductants proceed in one step reduction (NiO → Ni) without intermediate. TPR results also suggested that by adding Co metal into NiO, the

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24

Li, Xue, Rui Sheng Hu, Jia Nan Hu, and Ya Qin Bai. "Comparison Study on Support Effect of Co-Series Compound Oxide Catalysts Supported Rare Earth." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.439.

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The catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method and characterized thought X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), measurement of surface area, differial thermal and thermogravimetric analysis. Rare-earth compound oxides La0.8Sr0.2CoO3act as active component; Alumina act as carriers. The effects were investigated on loading amounts of active components, calcinations temperature and the addition components on the catalytic oxidation of xylene.

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25

Salleh, Fairous, Alinda Samsuri, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham, and Mohd Ambar Yarmo. "Temperature-Programmed and X-Ray Diffractometry Studies of WO₃ Reduction by Carbon Monoxide." Advanced Materials Research 1087 (February 2015): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.73.

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Tungsten (VI) oxide (WO3) reduction by carbon monoxide were examined using temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) studies. Results show that WO3 start to reduce at 20% (CO in N2) at temperature 900 °C and the intermediate phases WO2.9 and WO2.83 were observed. The WO3 was reduced and transformed the completely to the WO2.72. As comparison, reduction by using 10% (H2 in N2), WO3 was reduced completely toWO2. The WO3 is a stable oxide because the reduction agent used to promote the reduction was not sufficient enough to reduce to zero metal tungsten.

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26

Pai, M. R., A. M. Banerjee, S. R. Bharadwaj та S. K. Kulshreshtha. "Synthesis, characterization, thermal stability and redox behavior of In3+2Ti4+1–xTm3+xO5–δ, (Tm = Fe3+ and Cr3+, 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) mixed-oxide catalysts". Journal of Materials Research 22, № 7 (2007): 1787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0240.

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Mixed metal oxide catalysts with nominal compositions of In2Ti1–xFexO5–δ, In2Ti1–xCrxO5–δ, where 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, have been synthesized by the ceramic route and characterized using the powder x-ray diffraction technique. The In2Ti1–xFexO5–δ samples were single-phase compositions, isomorphic with In2TiO5 phase. The particle size of the In2Ti1–xFexO5–δ samples was lower compared to the parent In2TiO5 oxide. Thermal stability (by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis) in varying atmospheres, and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR)/temperature-programmed oxidation cycles have been record

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27

Logan, A. D., and M. Shelef. "Oxygen availability in mixed cerium/praseodymium oxides and the effect of noble metals." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 2 (1994): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0468.

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Oxyreduction studies of mixed Ce/Pr oxides have been carried out. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) were used to study the uptake and release of the oxygen. Large amounts of oxygen, exceeding those in ceria, are accessible in the mixed metal oxides at moderate temperatures. The addition of small amounts of noble metals to the mixed oxides shifts the accessibility of the “stored” oxygen to still lower temperatures with the effect of Pd being more pronounced than that of Pt. In a sample containing 45 mol %

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28

Afzal, M., F. Mahmood, and S. Karim. "A study of metals supported on active carbon with a temperature programmed reduction (TPR) technique." Journal of Thermal Analysis 41, no. 5 (1994): 1119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02547201.

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29

Tengku Saharuddin, Tengku Shafazila, Alinda Samsuri, Fairous Salleh, et al. "The Reduction Behaviour of Cerium Doped Iron Oxide in Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere." Materials Science Forum 840 (January 2016): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.381.

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The reduction behaviour of 3% cerium doped (Ce-Fe2O3) and undoped iron oxide (Fe2O3) by hydrogen in nitrogen (10%,v/v) and carbon monoxide in nitrogen (10%,v/v) atmospheres have been investigate by temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The phases formed of partially and completely reduced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). TPR results indicate that the reduction of Ce doped and undoped iron oxide in both reductants proceed in three steps reduction (Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe) with Fe3O4 and FeO were the intermediate. TPR results also suggested that by adding Ce

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30

Liu, Ye, Chonglin Song, Gang Lv, Chenyang Fan, and Xiaodong Li. "Promotional Effect of Cerium and/or Zirconium Doping on Cu/ZSM-5 Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3." Catalysts 8, no. 8 (2018): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8080306.

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The cerium and/or zirconium-doped Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts (CuCexZr1−xOy/ZSM-5) were prepared by ion exchange and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen (H2-TPR). Activities of the catalysts obtained on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) by ammonia were measured using temperature programmed reactions. Among all the catalysts tested, the CuCe0.75Zr0.25Oy/ZSM-5 catalyst presented the highest catalytic activity for the removal of NO, corresponding to

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31

Batubara, Shahad, Mogbel Alrushaid, Muhammad Amtiaz Nadeem, and Hicham Idriss. "Study of the Kinetics of Reduction of IrO2 on TiO2 (Anatase) by Temperature-Programmed Reduction." Inorganics 11, no. 2 (2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11020066.

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The interaction between IrO2 and TiO2 (anatase) in non-isothermal reduction conditions has been studied by the temperature programmed reduction technique. IrO2 clusters are of sizes between 0.5 and 0.9 nm as determined from High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Largely, two main regions for reduction were found and modeled at ca. 100 and 230 °C. The first region is attributed to the partial reduction of IrO2 clusters, while the second one is due to reduction of the formed crystalline (rutile IrO2), during TPR, to Ir metal. Two methods for calculating kinetic parameters were

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32

Bulánek, Roman, and Pavel Čičmanec. "Kinetics of Reduction of Cu Ions in MFI Zeolite Investigated by H2-TPR Method." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 8-9 (2008): 1132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20081132.

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The temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2-TPR) profiles of the Cu-MFI zeolite matrix were measured. The effect of the Cu ions loading and the heating rate on the H2-TPR profiles was investigated. The obtained TPR profiles were evaluated by different methods in order to obtain kinetic parameters and the reduction process mechanism. It was observed that the results given by convenient methods based on the simple power-law kinetics cannot be used for evaluation of at least the reduction of monovalent copper. Based on the reaction rate dependence on the degree of conversion, an autoca

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33

Tengku, Shafazila, Alinda Samsuri, Fairous Salleh, et al. "Temperature Programmed Reduction and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Fe₂O₃ Reduction by Different Concentration of Carbon Monoxide." Advanced Materials Research 1087 (February 2015): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.55.

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Reduction of Fe2O3 by carbon monoxide (CO) have been studied by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The influences of carbon monoxide concentration on the reducibility of iron oxides have been investigated. This study deals with the comparison in the reduction of Fe2O3 between 5% to 20% of CO concentration in the temperature range of 40–900 °C. The result shows that reducing behaviour of Fe2O3 is strongly dependent on the concentration of CO. It is suggested by using 20% of CO complete reduction takes place at lower temperature due to absence of int

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34

Centeno, M. A., J. J. Benítez, P. Malet, I. Carrizosa, and J. A. Odriozola. "In Situ Temperature-Programmed Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (TPDRIFTS) of V2O5/TiO2 Catalysts." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 3 (1997): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971940305.

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Temperature-programmed diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (TPDRIFTS) is proposed to follow in situ temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments of catalytic systems, as a method for observing relationships between the surface structure and the reducibility of the catalyst under the actual reaction conditions. TPDRIFTS studies of desorption and reduction of a conventional V2O5/TiO2 catalyst have been carried out, showing the presence in both processes of four stages. Both desorption and reduction experiments result in si

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35

Virgilio, Emanuel Martín, Cristina Liliana Padró, and Maria Eugenia Sad. "BUTENEDIOLS PRODUCTION FROM ERYTHRITOL ON Rh PROMOTED CATALYST." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 50, no. 2 (2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2020.353.

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The C-O hydrogenolysis of Erythritol to Butanodiols was studied in aqueous solution at 473 K and 25 bar of H2 using Rh/ReOx/TiO2 and the monometallic Rh/TiO2 and ReOx/TiO2 catalysts. The solids were characterized by temperature programmed reduction (TPR), TEM and XPS. TPR and XPS showed that ReOx species are close to Rh particles leading to reduction at lower temperature than Re on monometallic catalyst. However, some segregated Rhenium species were suspected by TPR profile for the bimetallic catalyst and detected by TEM. Re/TiO2 exhibited low activity forming only products from dehydration an

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Samsuri, Alinda, Fairous Salleh, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham, and Mohd Ambar Yarmo. "Effect of Noble Metal Silver on the Reduction Behaviour of Molybdenum Oxide Using Carbon Monoxide." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.377.

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The reduction behavior of silver doped molybdenum trioxide (Ag/MoO3) and undoped MoO3 by using carbon monoxide, CO were investigated by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The reduced phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the carbon monoxide atmosphere, the XRD results indicated that the reduction of Ag/MoO3 and undoped MoO3 to MoO2 phase proceed in two steps (MoO3 → Mo4O11 → MoO2) with Mo4O11 present as an intermediate state. A complete reduction to metallic molybdenum for both samples cannot occurred since in an excess CO atmosphere, MoO2 is promoted to form carb

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Salleh, Fairous, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Alinda Samsuri, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham, and Mohd Ambar Yarmo. "Reduction Behaviour of WO₃ to W under Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere." Materials Science Forum 840 (January 2016): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.305.

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The reduction behaviour of tungsten oxide has been studied by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reduction behavior were examine by nonisothermal reduction up to 900 oC then continued with isothermal reduction at 900 oC for 45 min time under (40% v/v) carbon monoxide in nitrogen (CO in N2) atmosphere. The TPR signal clearly shows one peak attributed to formation of suboxide W18O49 (more) and WO2 (less) observed at 80 min. The reduction product was investigated by varying the holding reaction time. Based on the characterization of the reduction product

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Samojeden, Bogdan, Marta Kamienowska, Armando Izquierdo Colorado, et al. "Novel Nickel- and Magnesium-Modified Cenospheres as Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane at Moderate Temperatures." Catalysts 9, no. 12 (2019): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9121066.

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Cenospheres from coal fly ashes were used as support in the preparation of Ni–Mg catalysts for dry reforming of methane. These materials were characterized by means of XRD, H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), CO2-temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD), and low-temperature nitrogen sorption techniques. The cenosphere-supported catalysts showed relatively high activity and good stability in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) at 700 °C. The catalytic performance of modified cenospheres was found to depend on both Ni and Mg content. The highest activity at 750 °C and 1 atm was obser

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Ali, Sardar, Noor Asmawati Mohd Zabidi та Duvvuri Subbarao. "Synthesis and Characterization of γ-Alumina-Supported Cobalt and Iron Nanocatalysts". Advanced Materials Research 545 (липень 2012): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.545.129.

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The present work deals with the synthesis of cobalt monometallic and bimetallic Co/Fe nanocatalysts supported on alumina. The nanocatalysts were prepared by a wet impregnation method. The samples were characterized in terms of reducibility, dispersion, metal particle size, textural characteristics and crystallinity. These characteristics were revealed using hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), CO-chemisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption analysis. H2-TPR analysis of Co/Al2O3indicated three temperature regions at 507◦C (lo

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Zhang, Haojian. "Au Nanoparticles Supported on Mn- or/and La-Doped CeO2 Nanorods for One-Step Oxidative Esterification of Methacrolein and Methanol to Methyl Methacrylate." Catalysts 13, no. 4 (2023): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13040767.

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Mn- or/and La-doped CeO2 nanorods supporting Au catalysts were prepared using the hydrothermal method and deposition precipitation (DP) method and applied to the direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein (MAL) and methanol into methyl methacrylate (MMA). Various characterization techniques such as N2-physical adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and CO2 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were utilized to analyze the structural properties, reducibility and basicit

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Yang, Wen, Yanyan Feng, and Wei Chu. "Promotion Effect of CaO Modification on Mesoporous Al2O3-Supported Ni Catalysts for CO2Methanation." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2041821.

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The catalysts Ni/Al2O3and CaO modified Ni/Al2O3were prepared by impregnation method and applied for methanation of CO2. The catalysts were characterized by N2adsorption/desorption, temperature-programmed reduction of H2(H2-TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2and H2(CO2-TPD and H2-TPD) techniques, respectively. TPR and XRD results indicated that CaO can effectively restrain the growth of NiO nanoparticles, improve the dispersion of NiO, and weaken the interaction between NiO and Al2O3. CO2-TPD and H2-TPD results suggested that CaO can change the environmen

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Maina, Silvia Carolina Palmira, Irene María Julieta Vilella, Adriana Daniela Ballarini, and Sergio Rubén de Miguel. "Performance of Modified Alumina-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts in the Reforming of Methane with CO2." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (2023): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020338.

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Ruthenium (1 wt%) catalysts supported on alumina doped with alkaline (Na and K) and alkaline earth metals (Ba, Ca, and Mg) of different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 wt%) were tested in the dry reforming of methane. All catalysts were prepared by the successive impregnation method. Supports were characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, temperature-programmed desorption of CO2, and 2-propanol dehydration. Additionally, catalysts were characterized by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray phot

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Gorimbo, Joshua, Ralph Muvhiiwa, Ephraim Llane, and Diane Hildebrandt. "Cobalt Catalyst Reduction Thermodynamics in Fischer Tropsch: An Attainable Region Approach." Reactions 1, no. 2 (2020): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions1020010.

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A fundamental understanding of the precise reduction reaction pathway of cobalt-based catalysts is a crucial piece of knowledge in terms of the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) reaction. The use of hydrogen (H2) as the reduction agent results in a two-stage reduction of cobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) to cobalt oxide (CoO) and then to metallic Co. The objective of the present work is to apply the Thermodynamic Attainable Region (TAR) to cobalt catalyst reduction using H2 so as to gain better insight regarding the thermodynamics of reduction reaction. TAR space diagrams suggest that complete Co3O4 red

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Udomsap, Parncheewa, and Somsak Supasitmongkol. "Effect of Gallium Loading on Reducibility and Dispersion of Copper-Based Catalyst." Key Engineering Materials 659 (August 2015): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.211.

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The effect of gallium-promoted copper-based catalysts has been investigated in connection with the characteristic of the active copper phase. CuO-ZnO-Ga2O3catalysts with different gallium loadings were prepared using oxalate co-precipitation method. The effects of gallium loading on the properties of catalysts were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The dispersion and metal area of copper were also determined by dissociative nitrous (N2O) adsorption technique conducted on a metal dispersion analyzer (B

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Tang, Chih Wei, Jiunn Jer Hwang, Shie Hsiung Lin, and Chin Chun Chung. "Study of Preparation, Characterization and Temperature-Programmed Reduction of NiO-ZnO Binary Materials." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.515.

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The NiO-ZnO binary materials had been prepared by co-precipitation method. The weight percent of nickel of NiO-ZnO materials were 5, 10 and 20; they were pretreated under air at temperature of 300, 500 and 700°C, respectively. The characterization of NiO-ZnO materials were the thermal gravity analysis(TGA), X-ray diffraction(XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption at 77K, scaning electron microscope(SEM) and temperature-programmed reduction(TPR). The results revealed that surface areas of NiO-ZnO materials order from large to small were 20NiZn(OH)x(66 m2·g-1) > 10NiZn(OH)x(34 m2·g-1) > 5NiZn(OH)x

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Wang, Li, Junbo Wang, Heping Cheng, Xiangxiang Zhou, and Zhen Ma. "Ce1−xFexVO4 with Improved Activity for Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3." Catalysts 12, no. 5 (2022): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12050549.

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A series of Ce1−xFexVO4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) catalysts prepared by modified hydrothermal synthesis were used for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3. Among them, Ce0.5Fe0.5VO4 showed the highest catalytic activity. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction using H2 (H2-TPR), and temperature-programmed desorptio

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Teodorescu, M., A. C. Banciu, I. Sitaru, and E. Segal. "Investigation concerning bimetallic catalysts using nonisothermal (temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD)) and isothermal methods. Part 2. Nickel—chromium prereduced catalysts." Thermochimica Acta 240 (July 1994): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(94)87041-1.

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Li, Junhui, Norman Wilken, Krishna Kamasamudram, Neal W. Currier, Louise Olsson, and Aleksey Yezerets. "Characterization of Active Species in Cu-Beta Zeolite by Temperature-Programmed Reduction Mass Spectrometry (TPR-MS)." Topics in Catalysis 56, no. 1-8 (2013): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-013-9952-1.

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Maes, I. I. "The study of coal-derived pyrite using atmospheric pressure temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR) and TGA." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (1996): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)88345-7.

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Gervasini, Antonella, and Simona Bennici. "Dispersion and surface states of copper catalysts by temperature-programmed-reduction of oxidized surfaces (s-TPR)." Applied Catalysis A: General 281, no. 1-2 (2005): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.11.030.

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