Academic literature on the topic 'Temperature variation monitoring'
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Journal articles on the topic "Temperature variation monitoring"
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Zhou, HF, LJ Lu, ZY Li, and YQ Ni. "Performance of videogrammetric displacement monitoring technique under varying ambient temperature." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 16 (2019): 3371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218822089.
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There has been an increasing number of attempts to apply videogrammetric technique to displacement measurement of civil engineering structures. Its potentials in structural health monitoring have also gained more attention. This study carried out an investigation on the effect of temperature variation on the measurement accuracy of videogrammetric technique in an effort to examine its feasibility for structural health monitoring. Long-term indoor videogrammetric measurement tests have been conducted, and the performance of the videogrammetric displacement monitoring technique under ambient temperature conditions has been examined. The results show that temperature variations cause non-negligible errors in measured displacements. In line with the temperature variation, the displacement measurement error also contains not only daily fluctuation pattern but also overall trend. In terms of daily fluctuation pattern, the horizontal measurement error and temperatures of vision measurement system are in satisfactory consistency, while the vertical measurement error does not coincide well with temperatures of vision measurement system. In terms of overall trend, the vertical measurement error is highly correlated with temperatures of vision measurement system, while the horizontal one is almost uncorrelated with temperatures of vision measurement system. As an outcome of the dominance of overall trend in the temperature variation over a long time period, the vertical measurement error and temperatures of vision measurement system conform to a favorable linear relationship, while the horizontal measurement error tends to be constrained in a small range when the temperatures of vision measurement system exceed a certain value.
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SATO, Masahiko, Naoki TAMURA, and Hisataka TANAKA. "D12 Transient Temperature Variation beneath Rake Face in End Milling(Monitoring of machining process)." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2009.5 (2009): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2009.5.457.
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Todoran, Tudor Paul, and Mugur Ciprian Balan. "Ground Temperature Variation around the Horizontal Collectors of a Heat Pump." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.481.
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The manuscript presents results of a 3 years experiment concerning the monitoring of temperature variation around a horizontal collector, coupled to a ground – water heat pump. Ground temperature was monitored in 7 (seven) measurement points: 1 (one) in the center of the collector area and 6 (six) at 15 cm, 30 cm and 60 cm of the collector boundary. The data processing methodology, described in the manuscript, allowed corrections, comparison with natural ground temperature variation and calculation of important characteristics of temperature variation in each measurement point. The main obtained results are: minimum, maximum and average temperatures, dates when minimum, maximum and average temperatures were reached, amplitude of temperatures variations and deviations comparing to natural ground temperature variation. The study of temperature field allowed the complete characterization of the ground temperature variation, including spatial and temporal variation. Some practical conclusions of the study are also presented in the manuscript. It was highlighted that due to a correct calculation of the collectors field size and to the presence of snow in each heating season of the 3 (three) years of the experiment, the ground temperature did not decreased below 2°C and the ground temperature recovered uniformly after each non heating season.
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Wen, Tao, Zheng Hu, Yankun Wang, Zihan Zhang, and Jinshan Sun. "Monitoring and Analysis of Geotemperature during the Tunnel Construction." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030736.
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High geotemperatures are encountered during tunnel construction in areas with complex geological structures, which can seriously affect personnel and equipment in the process of tunnel construction and operation. The Nige tunnel, a deep-buried extra-long tunnel, was selected to monitor the geotemperature during construction. The air, rock, and water temperatures during the tunnel construction were measured at the tunnel face, and the actual temperatures of the rock or water body at the tunnel face were measured by advanced drilling. The variation trends of the water temperature, air temperature, and flow of water with the tunnel mileage were analyzed. The differences in three measured rock temperatures in three advanced drillings were revealed. The results showed that the Nige tunnel had a maximum water temperature of 63.4 °C, maximum rock temperature (Rock T) of 88.8 °C, and maximum air temperature (Air T) of 56.4 °C. Increasing trends of the air, rock, and water temperatures with the tunnel’s horizontal distance and the buried depth (vertical depth) were obvious, and the geotemperature gradient was approximately 7.6 °C per 100 m. Additionally, the variation laws of the construction ambient temperature with time in a complete construction cycle showed four stage characteristics, and each stage presented different mathematical relationships. These findings will provide guidance for the construction of high geotemperature tunnels in future.
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Banerjee, Tathagata, and Sumedha Moharana. "Monitoring thermal defects in rail and rail joints using piezo impedance-based structural health monitoring (PISHM)." Engineering Research Express 4, no. 1 (2022): 015014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac4e9a.
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Abstract Rail track derailment has been proven to be the cause of most of the rail accidents in recent years. High-temperature strains in railways caused by rail traction and thermal variation are the main causes of derailment, which lead to buckling. The likelihood of passenger deaths and maintenance costs will be reduced if thermal strains and failure in rails are detected early. This research attempts to provide a preventative strategy for detecting thermal strains and deformation caused by temperature fluctuations at railways. Using the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique, piezoelectric sensors were used to acquire piezo coupled structural signatures for lab-sized rail samples, i.e. plain rail and rail joints, for gradual temperature escalation and repeat heat cycle. The experimental conductance signatures were obtained for the incremental rise in temperature (30–80 °C) in ambient conditions, and repetitive thermal cycles. To better diagnose structural problems induced only by the effect of heat on the host structure, thermal compensation is proposed. The piezo–coupled signatures for thermal changes in rail and rail junctions (weld and bolt) were found to be particularly effective in detecting incipient structural alterations for both steady and cyclic temperature variations. Statistical damage index was used to quantify the damage for all types of rail-joint bar caused due to temperature variation. Overall, this study has paved an experimental technique that can be used to detect early damage in rail and rail joints due to thermal loading.
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Berry, R. J., A. D. Kennedy, S. L. Scott, B. L. Kyle, and A. L. Schaefer. "Daily variation in the udder surface temperature of dairy cows measured by infrared thermography: Potential for mastitis detection." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 4 (2003): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-012.
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The daily and within-day variation in udder temperature was monitored in dairy cows (n = 10) using infrared thermography (IRT). The initial assessment and prediction of udder surface temperature variation would hopefully form the basis for future development of an early detection method for mastitis. Our initial objective was to determine the magnitude and pattern of udder temperature variation. To accomplish this, we measured daily fluctuations in udder temperature and the influence of environmental factors upon these values in non-mastitic cows. Udder temperature rose significantly after an exercise period (P < 0.05). Within-day monitoring of udder temperature demonstrated there was a distinct circadian rhythm. Lag regression analysis showed that previous daily udder temperatures together with environmental temperature parameters could successfully predict current udder temperature with a high degree of accuracy. The variation between predicted and actual udder temperature was within the detectable range for an inflammatory response. Infrared thermography shows promise in its application if coupled with environmental temperature monitoring as an early detection method for mastitis. Key words: Thermography, dairy cattle, environment, temperature
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Moreddu, Rosalia, Mohamed Elsherif, Haider Butt, Daniele Vigolo, and Ali K. Yetisen. "Contact lenses for continuous corneal temperature monitoring." RSC Advances 9, no. 20 (2019): 11433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00601j.
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Wu, Junpeng, Jian Cai, Jiyuan Yang, Jian Zhang, and Zhiquan Zhou. "A High Reliability Damage Imaging Method Under Environmental Temperature Variations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2184, no. 1 (2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2184/1/012036.
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Abstract In Lamb wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM), the environmental temperature variations can easily affect Lamb wave monitoring signals and seriously reduce the reliability of final damage detection results. To resolve the temperature effect problem, a temperature compensation method of improved baseline signal stretch (IBSS) is presented and applied for high reliability damage imaging under large environmental temperature variations in this paper. After the basic principle of IBSS is analyzed, the realization of IBSS is discussed. Then, a IBSS-based high reliability damage imaging method under temperature variation situation is developed. An experimental study is finally arranged.
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Rose, Mark A., and John W. White. "SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN A GREENHOUSE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1114e—1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1114e.
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Temperature affects all major plant physiological processes. Traditional methods of controlling greenhouse temperatures use aerial sensors that do not monitor temperatures within each component of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.Bench, pot, plant canopy, and aerial temperatures were monitored using thermocouples and thermistors processed by environmental computers during a wide range of greenhouse conditions. These include diurnal cycles of high and low solar radiation, night periods with and without artificial lighting, and various ventilation and heating conditions. Spatial temperature gradients of 10-22 °C were discovered during both day and night conditions. These spatial variations cause significant differences in average temperatures between and within benches over diurnal and even seasonal cycles.Preliminary surveys of microclimatic variations that occur within the greenhouse experimental area are essential for choosing the proper experimental design. Continuous environmental monitoring during the experiment is necessary for interpreting experimental results.
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Huynh, Thanh-Canh, Young-Hwan Park, Jae-Hyung Park, Dong-Soo Hong, and Jeong-Tae Kim. "Effect of Temperature Variation on Vibration Monitoring of Prestressed Concrete Girders." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/741618.
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The effect of temperature variation on vibration monitoring of prestressed concrete (PSC) girders is experimentally analyzed. Firstly, vibration features such as autoregressive (AR) coefficient, correlation coefficient of power spectral density (CC of PSD), natural frequency, and mode shape are selected to estimate the effect of temperature variation on vibration characteristics of PSC girders. Secondly, vibration experiments on a lab-scale PSC girder are performed under the condition of temperature variation. Finally, the vibration features with respect to the temperature variation are analyzed to estimate the effect of temperature in vibration characteristics of the PSC girder.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Temperature variation monitoring"
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Andersson, Oskar, and Max Seppälä. "Verification of the response of a concrete arch dam subjected to seasonal temperature variations." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169917.
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Many dams existing today were constructed around fifty years ago. Condition monitoring is essential for maintaining high safety and determining the current level of safety and stability for these dams. There is a need for new monitoring techniques and finite element coupled monitoring could be one of these techniques. A concrete arch dam located in Sweden is modelled and calibrated with respect to concrete temperature measurements. The temperature distribution is then defined as a prescribed strain in a structural mechanical model in which a parametric study is performed. The results from the parametric study are compared to measurements of the crest deformation and a combination of parameters is found giving the lowest difference between measurements and model results for the mid-section. The results show that the finite element model can be used to predict the behavior of the dam with acceptable deviation. The parametric study indicates that the reference temperature of the concrete has little effect on the amplitude of the deformation and that the governing factor is the coefficient of thermal expansion.<br>Många av de dammar som finns idag byggdes för omkring femtio år sedan. Tillståndsövervakning är avgörande för att kunna bestämma nivån av säkerhet och stabilitet för dessa dammar. Det finns ett behov av ny övervakningsteknik och finita element-kopplad övervakning kan vara en av dessa tekniker. En betongvalvdamm modelleras och kalibreras med avseende på uppmätt betongtemperatur. Den beräknade temperaturfördelningen definieras sedan som en föreskriven töjning en strukturmekanisk modell i vilken en parametrisk studie utförs. Resultaten från parameterstudien jämförs med mätningar av kröndeformation och en kombination av parametrar identifieras som ger lägsta skillnad mellan mätningar och modellresultat för mittsektionen. Resultaten visar att modellen kan användas för att förutsäga dammens beteende med acceptabel avvikelse. Parameterstudien indikerar att referenstemperaturen för betongen har liten inverkan på amplituden för deformationen och att den styrande faktorn är längdutvidgningskoefficienten.
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Ait, Mamoun Khadija. "Vehicle rοuting prοblem under uncertainty : case οf pharmaceutical supply chain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR08.
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L'amélioration des performances de la distribution logistique et l'optimisation des transports sont devenues des préoccupations cruciales ces dernières années. Le secteur de la distribution pharmaceutique est confronté à d'importants défis en matière de planification des itinéraires et d'optimisation des réseaux de transport, les incertitudes entraînant souvent des retards et des pertes. Ces défis complexes englobent l'impératif d'élever la qualité des produits, de réduire les coûts, de minimiser la distance totale parcourue et de rationaliser le temps de transport pour une planification efficace. Dans ce contexte, le Problème de Routage de Véhicules (VRP) se distingue comme l'un des problèmes les plus largement analysés dans les domaines du transport, de la distribution et de la logistique. Atteindre un équilibre délicat entre les considérations de coûts et la livraison de produits pharmaceutiques de haute qualité est un objectif majeur dans la distribution pharmaceutique. Ce travail explore à la fois le Problème de Routage de Véhicules Statique (SVRP) et le Problème de Routage de Véhicules Dynamique (DVRP). La planification logistique du monde réel rencontre fréquemment des incertitudes dès le départ, notamment une demande client incertaine, des quantités de livraison, des contraintes temporelles, et plus encore. Cette thèse introduit la "condition de température" comme une contrainte fondamentale dans la distribution pharmaceutique, représentant une source d'incertitude qui impacte directement la qualité des médicaments, influençant ainsi la distribution logistique et la performance globale de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. De plus, la thèse intègre la quantification de l'incertitude pour modéliser les temps de déplacement incertains dans les scénarios de congestion récurrente et non récurrente. La méthodologie utilisée à cette fin est la méthode de collocation, initialement validée par la Simulation de Monte Carlo (SMC). En abordant ces défis complexes et ces incertitudes, cette recherche vise à contribuer au développement de stratégies robustes dans la distribution pharmaceutique, assurant l'optimisation des itinéraires, la réduction des coûts et le maintien des normes élevées de qualité des produits. Les conclusions de cette étude offrent des éclairages précieux pour les gestionnaires logistiques et les planificateurs qui cherchent à naviguer dans les complexités de la distribution pharmaceutique, favorisant l'efficacité et la résilience face aux incertitudes<br>The enhancement of logistics distribution performance and the optimization of transportation have emerged as critical concerns in recent years. The pharmaceutical distribution sector faces significant challenges in route planning and transport network optimization, with uncertainties often leading to delays and losses. The multifaceted challenges encompass the imperative to elevate product quality, reduce costs, minimize total travel distance, and streamline transportation time for effective planning. Within this context, the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) stands out as one of the extensively analysed problems in the realms of transportation, distribution, and logistics. Achieving a delicate equilibrium between cost considerations and delivering high-quality pharmaceutical products is a primary objective in pharmaceutical distribution. This research delves into both the Static Vehicle Routing Problem (SVRP) and the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP). Real-world logistical planning frequently encounters uncertainties at the outset, including uncertain customer demand, delivery quantities, time constraints, and more. This thesis introduces the "temperature condition" as a fundamental constraint in pharmaceutical distribution, representing a source of uncertainty that directly impacts drug quality, thereby influencing logistics distribution and overall supply chain performance. Furthermore, the thesis incorporates uncertainty quantification for modelling uncertain travel times in both recurrent and non-recurrent congestion scenarios. The methodology employed for this purpose is the collocation method, initially validated through Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). By addressing these multifaceted challenges and uncertainties, this research seeks to contribute to the development of robust strategies in pharmaceutical distribution, ensuring the optimization of routes, reduction of costs, and maintenance of high-quality product standards. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for logistics managers and planners aiming to navigate the complexities of pharmaceutical distribution, fostering efficiency and resilience in the face of uncertainties
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WANG, CHIH-CHUAN, and 王志川. "Constructing the Monitoring System of In-Process Temperature Variation Via EWMA Control Chart." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90071032437393961372.
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碩士<br>正修科技大學<br>工業工程與管理研究所<br>99<br>In order to satisfy the requirement of customers in the electronic products feature on the light, thin, little, the electronic assembly process by the surface mount technology to replace the traditional manual punch-plug-in wave soldering. A SMT assembly process consists of three major manufacturing processes: solder paste stencil printing, component placement and solder reflow. Which reflow operations affecting the electronics printed circuit board and electronic key to the quality of welded parts, one of the good poor welding quality will directly affect the functionality of electronic products, reliability, and security. The reflow process also contains four programs: warm areas, infiltration areas, reflow zone, cooling zone, the reflow process of heating temperature and time vary the temperature curve of the form. Therefore, when the temperature profile of hot air reflow oven has been effective monitoring, the potential problem occurrence rate of the poor quality, such as solder balls, tomb-stoning, skewing, opens, component cracking, and inadequate fluxing activity can be reduced. According to the reasons description above, the Microsoft Office software EXCEL program combined with automatic measurement techniques and network technology to establish an experimental system, and using EWMA control chart to monitor temperature profile of hot air reflow oven. Results on this study will be a reference example for SMT industry.
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Wu, Yi-Ju, and 吳怡儒. "Infrared Thermography Monitoring System for Microvascular Free Flap After Surgery: Flap Temperature Variation Detection Based on Independent Components Analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ruk6sb.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>醫學工程學研究所<br>106<br>One of the most common cancer with the highest mortality rate is Oral cancer. The most frequently adopted approach of curative treatment of oral cancer is by resecting cancer legions and reconstructing the affected regions by unaffected tissues of the patient. Free flap surgery is a reliable reconstruction method operated by many medical professionals. However, circulatory compromises were sometimes observed within five to seven days after surgeries, even if the operations were performed by experienced microvascular surgeons. Furthermore, research shows that that the success rate of surgeries diminishes due to late detection of circulatory compromises. Therefore, monitoring and early detection of circulatory compromises signs are crucial to the free flap surgery.
At present, clinical free flap care and monitoring are performed mainly through scheduled inspections by nursing staff. The caring process is labor-intensive and the success rate of detection varies owing to subjective judgement and experiences of carers. Other available methods of monitoring includes the continuity usage of monitor systems, which are invasive and incur higher cost. It is noticeable that an alternative method of monitoring is imminent.
Therefore, previous scholars suggested infrared imaging as an alternative method to current monitoring for its inexpensive, non-invasive, non-contacting, non-radioactive, real-time, and repeatable features. Through the Factor Analysis algorithm, it could effectively remove the common factors of human physiology and observe the changes of real temperature. However, the method does not apply in more complex situations. If the estimation of common factors is not a linear combination of all factors but one factor occurs after another, the Factor analysis algorithms is unable to segregate the factors. Because if the estimated of the common factor is not a linear combination of all factors, but a certain factor occurs first and then a factor occurs later, then Factors Analysis algorithms can''t separate them.
Therefore, based on theoretical basis of prior researches, this study aimed to analyze the unique features of the observed signals by using the Independent Component Analysis algorithms for its flexibility. Plus, the factors could not be easily explained by the Factor Analysis algorithm. Through the advantages and capabilities of the Independent Component Analysis algorithm, the study hope to propouse a temperature variation detection algorithm that is more suitable for the Infrared thermography monitoring system for microvascular free flap after surgery. Out of the four animal experiments and twenty-three cases monitored in the study, only one patient developed venous thrombosis. Through the Factors Analysis algorithm, we found that the temperature of the free flap had significantly decreased. According to the results of the Independent Component Analysis algorithm, we found that there was two independent factors that may affect the temperature of the free flap region. One of the independent factors could detect the drop of the temperature earlier than the result of the factor analysis, and the other is the same as the result of the Factor Analysis. Both of the results showed the potential of early detection in temperature changes comparing to nursing records.
However, due to the limitation of sampling, the study was unable to provide further verifications and discussions. It is hoped that more data will be available in the future to support the aim analytical methods. The goal of this study it to setup a foundation in the development of an auxiliary monitoring tool to monitor free flap pedicel thrombosis after a lesion removal surgery.
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Li, Shang-Yi, and 李尚頤. "The Research on The 28-nm All-Digital Temperature Sensor Design and Integration in The Variation Monitoring and Management System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24ar7c.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>103<br>The increase in device density and speed of modern high performance processors cause chips to heat up and not removed quickly during runtime, thus resulting in thermal problems. The thermal management techniques are essential to be incorporated into systems to protect from damage. On-chip all-digital temperature sensors (TSs) have features as low cost, low power and easy integration. We design the all-digital TSs in 28-nm and integrate them in the variation monitoring and management system, which monitors the variations. However, the issues of the nominal voltage being near the zero-temperature- coefficient (ZTC) point, and the influence of serious process variations, cause the severe sensing errors. We design a new delay cell with improved temperature sensitivity. And a new method, adaptive one-point calibration, has better accuracy (4.7℃) than that of the conventional one-point calibration (7.6℃) with the similar calibration cost.
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Lu, Cheng-Che, and 呂政哲. "An Infrared Images Monitoring System for free flap Pedicle Thrombosis after surgery: Automatic Image Registration and Flap Temperature variation Detection." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x8hzjb.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>醫學工程學研究所<br>106<br>Oral cancer is the fastest growing cancer in mortality rate in Taiwan. The most prevalent curative treatment of oral cancer exploits a multi-step approach starting with the resection of lesions. After the removal of cancer lesions, surgeons would employ unaffected tissues of the patients to reconstruct the affected regions. Free flap surgery is a reliable reconstruction method operated by many medical professionals. However, circulatory compromises were sometimes observed within five to seven days of surgeries, even when the operations were performed by experienced microvascular surgeons. Furthermore, it is documented that the success rate of re-surgeries diminishes as the detection of circulatory compromises delays. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and detect signs of circulatory compromises quickly after the free flap surgery.
At present, clinical free flap care and monitoring are performed mainly through scheduled inspections by nursing staff. This process is very labor-intensive and the success rate of detection varies greatly based on the opinions and experiences of the caregivers. Other currently available methods of monitoring, including the use of non-continuous monitoring systems, are invasive and incur higher costs. It is evident that an alternative method of monitoring is imminent.
Previous scholars proposed infrared imaging as an inexpensive, non-invasive, non-contact, non-radioactive, rapid, and repeatable alternative to current monitoring methods. It was proposed that the image registration can be accomplished by manually selecting features points and utilize both factor analysis and eigenvalue analysis to observe temperature variation. However, such process was hand-operated and relies heavily on technician experience and time-consuming. Detection of temperature changes in free flap was prone to errors in the factor analysis algorithm. This study aimed to resolve the disadvantages of the manual image registration process by introducing an automatic longitudinal infrared image registration algorithm and a flap temperature variation detection algorithm.
In this study, automatic longitudinal infrared image registration algorithm, utilizing the homography matrix coordinate transformation algorithm, was used to convert the free flap edge feature points detected under the visible light to infrared thermal images. After obtaining the infrared thermal image feature points, this study utilized non-rigid Coherence Point Drift (CPD) to calculate the corresponding relationship of the feature points. Using this relationship, the image registration was completed by affine transformation, so that the free flap regions at different time series were mapped together. After the registration, factor analysis was employed to analyze the temperature variation of free flaps to observe thrombosis.
Out of the ten clinical cases monitored by this study, one patient developed venous thrombosis. Analysis using the methods proposed by this study indicated a significant temperature decrease in the subject''s free flap. In comparison to nursing records, it was discovered that the methods proposed by this study had the potential to detect temperature changes earlier. However, due to the sample size limitation, this study was unable to provide further verification and discussion. It is hoped that more data will be available in the future to support the proposed analytical methods. The goal of this study it to setup a foundation in the development of an auxiliary monitoring tool to monitor free flap pedicle thrombosis after a lesion removal surgery.
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Miranda, Catarina da Silva. "A novel approach for non-invasive monitoring and signalling of humane endpoints using infrared thermography, tested in a murine model of sepsis." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94279.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Patologia Experimental apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina<br>A temperatura corporal é uma ferramenta importante para inferir saúde e bem-estar animal. Contudo, a informação sobre a variação da temperatura em modelos animais de patologias humanas é limitada. Este estudo visa testar termografia de infravermelhos para acompanhar variações térmicas num modelo murino de sepsis, induzida por ligação cecal e punção (CLP), comparando-a com a leitura de um passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag. Reportamos dados de 18 murganhos fêmea C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) submetidos a uma variante severa de CLP ou cirurgia sham, bem como de uma variante menos severa em 8 murganhos, 4 knockout (KO) (2 fêmeas e 2 machos) e 4 wildtype (2 fêmeas e 2 machos). Estes dados correspondem a uma amostra parcial de um estudo maior a decorrer. Todos os animais foram monitorizados 4 vezes por dia no modelo severo e 3 vezes por dia no CLP de grau médio através da leitura de PIT tags e termografia de infravermelhos durante 10 dias após a operação, ou até atingirem o seu endpoint.Houve uma diminuição observável da temperatura média da superfície corporal (MBST) e da temperatura subcutânea (SCT) após a cirurgia, ao longo do tempo e em ambos os modelos CLP, quer para os animais que sobreviveram atingiram o endpoint. Como esperado, a MBST e SCT estão correlacionadas, embora não fortemente. As curvas de Característica de Operação do Receptor (ROC) demonstram que a SCT mais baixa (AUC = 0,65; 95% CI), a perda de peso (AUC = 0,635; 95% CI) a MBST mais baixo (AUC = 0,43; 95% CI) não parecem ser modelos suficientemente satisfatórios para prever a fases de não-recuperaçãoMBST, SCT e a percentagem de perda de peso não parecem ser marcadores fiáveis para avaliar a gravidade da doença e prever a morte no modelo CLP, embora a temperatura subcutânea demonstre algum potencial. Os dados obtidos são dados preliminares, pelo que se justifica a realização de um estudo com uma amostra maior.<br>Body temperature is an important tool for assessing animal health and welfare. However, there is still limited information on temperature variation in animal models of human pathologies. This study aims to assess whether infrared thermography can be used to follow body temperature variations in a mouse model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture and compare it with the readout from passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. We report data retrieved from 18 Female C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) that underwent either severe cecal ligation and puncture or sham surgery, as well as 8 mice subjected to a less severe form of the intervention: 4 knockout (KO) mice on a C57BL/6 background (2 male and 2 female), and 4 WT mice (2 male and 2 female). These correspond to a partial sample of an ongoing larger study. All mice were monitored 4 times per day in the severe model and 3 times per day in the mid-grade CLP by reading of a thermosensitive passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag and by infrared thermography for 10 days post-surgery, or until reaching a humane endpoint.There was an observable decrease in mean body surface temperature (MBST) and subcutaneous temperature (SCT) after surgery with time in both CLP models, for both animals that survived and those reaching the humane endpoint. The surface temperature assessed by infrared thermography and subcutaneous temperature were correlated, albeit not strongly. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) demonstrate that the lowest SCT (AUC = 0,65; 95% CI), weight loss (AUC = 0,635; 95% CI) the lowest MBST (AUC = 0.43; 95% CI) do not appear to be sufficiently satisfactory models to predict non-recovery stagesMBST, SCT or percentage of weight loss do not appear to be reliable markers for assessing disease severity and predicting death in the CLP model, though subcutaneous temperature shows some promise. This is quite preliminary data, so further studies with a larger sample are warranted.<br>Outro - FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Fundos regionais através do COMPETE 2020 - Programa Operacional para a Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI), Portugal 2020
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Onabajo, Marvin Olufemi. "Development of Robust Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits in the Presence of Process- Voltage-Temperature Variations." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9129.
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Continued improvements of transceiver systems-on-a-chip play a key role in the advancement of mobile telecommunication products as well as wireless systems in biomedical and remote sensing applications. This dissertation addresses the problems of escalating CMOS process variability and system complexity that diminish the reliability and testability of integrated systems, especially relating to the analog and mixed-signal blocks. The proposed design techniques and circuit-level attributes are aligned with current built-in testing and self-calibration trends for integrated transceivers. In this work, the main focus is on enhancing the performances of analog and mixed-signal blocks with digitally adjustable elements as well as with automatic analog tuning circuits, which are experimentally applied to conventional blocks in the receiver path in order to demonstrate the concepts.
The use of digitally controllable elements to compensate for variations is exemplified with two circuits. First, a distortion cancellation method for baseband operational transconductance amplifiers is proposed that enables a third-order intermodulation (IM3) improvement of up to 22dB. Fabricated in a 0.13µm CMOS process with 1.2V supply, a transconductance-capacitor lowpass filter with the linearized amplifiers has a measured IM3 below -70dB (with 0.2V peak-to-peak input signal) and 54.5dB dynamic range over its 195MHz bandwidth. The second circuit is a 3-bit two-step quantizer with adjustable reference levels, which was designed and fabricated in 0.18µm CMOS technology as part of a continuous-time SigmaDelta analog-to-digital converter system. With 5mV resolution at a 400MHz sampling frequency, the quantizer's static power dissipation is 24mW and its die area is 0.4mm^2.
An alternative to electrical power detectors is introduced by outlining a strategy for built-in testing of analog circuits with on-chip temperature sensors. Comparisons of an amplifier's measurement results at 1GHz with the measured DC voltage output of an on-chip temperature sensor show that the amplifier's power dissipation can be monitored and its 1-dB compression point can be estimated with less than 1dB error. The sensor has a tunable sensitivity up to 200mV/mW, a power detection range measured up to 16mW, and it occupies a die area of 0.012mm^2 in standard 0.18µm CMOS technology.
Finally, an analog calibration technique is discussed to lessen the mismatch between transistors in the differential high-frequency signal path of analog CMOS circuits. The proposed methodology involves auxiliary transistors that sense the existing mismatch as part of a feedback loop for error minimization. It was assessed by performing statistical Monte Carlo simulations of a differential amplifier and a double-balanced mixer designed in CMOS technologies.
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Wutor, V. C., C. A. Togo, and B. I. Pletschke. "Comparison of the direct enzyme assay method with the membrane filtration technique in the quantification and monitoring of microbial indicator organisms - seasonal variations in the activities of coliforms and E.coli, temperature and pH." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006241.
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The aim of this project was to monitor variations and relationships between coliform and E. coli counts, the activities of their marker enzymes GAL and GUD, and temperature and pH over a period of 12 months in river samples obtained from the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Several polluted water samples were collected for direct coliform β-D-galactosidase (B-GAL) and Escherichia coli β-D-glucuronidase (B-GUD) assays and the membrane filtration technique. While all the samples showed enzyme activities, not all exhibited growth on CM1046 media. Variation in B-GAL activity (40%) was observed between November (highest activity month) and May (lowest activity month). The highest and lowest B-GUD activities were observed in the months of September and May/June, respectively. The sensitivity of the spectrophotometric assay method was indicated by a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 coliform forming unit (CFU)/100 mℓ and 2 CFU/100 mℓ for coliforms and E. coli, respectively. There was a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation between E. coli counts and GUD activity (R2 = 0.8909). A correlation of R2 = 0.9151 was also observed between total coliforms and B-GAL activity, even though the CFUs were not evenly distributed. Direct enzyme assays were also shown to be more sensitive than the membrane filtration (MF) technique.
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Minhoto, Manuel J. C. "Consideração da temperatura no comportamento à reflexão de fendas dos reforços de pavimentos rodóviários flexíveis." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/6751.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil<br>Os pavimentos rodoviários flexíveis quando expostos às acções do tráfego e das variações de temperatura ficam sujeitos à ocorrência de um conjunto de degradações, das quais se destaca o fendilhamento. Este constitui uma das principais degradações dos pavimentos flexíveis e conduz a estados de ruína associados a situações de desconforto e de redução de segurança para os utentes. Além disso permite a entrada de água para as camadas do pavimento, com a consequente redução da capacidade de suporte, potenciando a ocorrência de outros tipos de degradações. Constitui, assim, uma preocupação das administrações rodoviárias atrasar ou, quando possível, evitar ocorrência de fendilhamento nos pavimentos flexíveis, tendo em vista o seu bom desempenho funcional e estrutural.
O reforço de pavimentos constitui uma técnica de conservação estrutural, na qual se baseiam as estratégias de conservação mais utilizadas para benefíciação dos pavimentos, tendo em vista a reposição da sua capacidade estrutural. A maioria das metodologias existentes para dimensionamento de reforços, normalmente não consideram o mecanismo de ruína da propagação das fendas do pavimento existente para as camadas de reforço, e as que consideram, não envolvem o efeito das variações de temperatura associado àquele mecanismo. Efectivamente, a ocorrência de variações de temperatura nos pavimentos conduz ao agravamento do fenómeno da propagação de fendas, levando à ruína prematura dos reforços. Assim, é fundamental, para o dimensionamento do reforço de um pavimento, a consideração das variações de temperatura na avaliação do comportamento dos reforços à reflexão de fendas.
Pretende-se com este trabalho estudar a influência das variações de temperatura no comportamento dos reforços à reflexão de fendas, contribuindo para uma melhoria dos métodos de concepção de reforços de pavimentos flexíveis que considerem a propagação de fendas como um dos critérios de mína. O desenvolvimento deste estudo foi baseado na simulação numérica do comportamento dos reforços, considerando a acção conjunta do tráfego e das variações de temperatura, desenvolvendo-se modelos térmicos e mecânicos baseados na metodologia dos elementos finitos.<br>Road pavements, when exposed to traffic and temperature variations are subjected to a set of degradations on its surface, mainly to pavement cracking. Pavement cracking constitutes one of the main degradation of flexible pavements and it provokes distress states in the pavement which are responsible for the users' discomfort and safety reduction. Moreover, it allows the intrusion of water and the subsequent reduction of the pavement bearing capacity. Thus, on behalf of the road administrations, there is a concern to prevent cracking in flexible pavements or to delay its appearance, in order to present a good functional and structural perfomance.
The pavement overlay consists of one structural maintenance technique that is in the base of the more used maintenance strategies of pavements rehabilitation to increase its structural capacity. The majority of the existing overlay design methods do not normally consider the distress mechanism of reflective cracking. On the other hand the ones that consider it do not point at the effect of temperature variations associated to that mechanism. Effectively, the occurrence of temperature variations in pavements leads to the reflective cracking phenomenon aggravation, what implies a premature distress of the overlays. Thus, for the pavement overlay design purposes, it is important to consider the temperature variations in the evaluation of the reflective cracking overlay behavior.
With this thesis it is intended to study the influence of temperature variations in the reflective cracking overlay behavior. ln that way, it is intended to contribute, with fhe obtained knowledge to the improvement of the pavement overlays design methods, which consider the reflective cracking as one of distress criteria. The development of this study was based on the numerical simlulation of the overlay behaviour, considering the simultaneous action of traffic and temperature variations. Thermal and mechanical models based on finite element methodology were developed to take into account the traffic and temperature variations in the reflective cracking.<br>Programa para o Desenvolvimento Educatico para Portugal (PRODEPIII)
Books on the topic "Temperature variation monitoring"
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Benestad, Rasmus. Climate in the Barents Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.655.
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The Barents Sea is a region of the Arctic Ocean named after one of its first known explorers (1594–1597), Willem Barentsz from the Netherlands, although there are accounts of earlier explorations: the Norwegian seafarer Ottar rounded the northern tip of Europe and explored the Barents and White Seas between 870 and 890 ce, a journey followed by a number of Norsemen; Pomors hunted seals and walruses in the region; and Novgorodian merchants engaged in the fur trade. These seafarers were probably the first to accumulate knowledge about the nature of sea ice in the Barents region; however, scientific expeditions and the exploration of the climate of the region had to wait until the invention and employment of scientific instruments such as the thermometer and barometer. Most of the early exploration involved mapping the land and the sea ice and making geographical observations. There were also many unsuccessful attempts to use the Northeast Passage to reach the Bering Strait. The first scientific expeditions involved F. P. Litke (1821±1824), P. K. Pakhtusov (1834±1835), A. K. Tsivol’ka (1837±1839), and Henrik Mohn (1876–1878), who recorded oceanographic, ice, and meteorological conditions.The scientific study of the Barents region and its climate has been spearheaded by a number of campaigns. There were four generations of the International Polar Year (IPY): 1882–1883, 1932–1933, 1957–1958, and 2007–2008. A British polar campaign was launched in July 1945 with Antarctic operations administered by the Colonial Office, renamed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS); it included a scientific bureau by 1950. It was rebranded as the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in 1962 (British Antarctic Survey History leaflet). While BAS had its initial emphasis on the Antarctic, it has also been involved in science projects in the Barents region. The most dedicated mission to the Arctic and the Barents region has been the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), which has commissioned a series of reports on the Arctic climate: the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) report, the Snow Water Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) report, and the Adaptive Actions in a Changing Arctic (AACA) report.The climate of the Barents Sea is strongly influenced by the warm waters from the Norwegian current bringing heat from the subtropical North Atlantic. The region is 10°C–15°C warmer than the average temperature on the same latitude, and a large part of the Barents Sea is open water even in winter. It is roughly bounded by the Svalbard archipelago, northern Fennoscandia, the Kanin Peninsula, Kolguyev Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land, and is a shallow ocean basin which constrains physical processes such as currents and convection. To the west, the Greenland Sea forms a buffer region with some of the strongest temperature gradients on earth between Iceland and Greenland. The combination of a strong temperature gradient and westerlies influences air pressure, wind patterns, and storm tracks. The strong temperature contrast between sea ice and open water in the northern part sets the stage for polar lows, as well as heat and moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere. Glaciers on the Arctic islands generate icebergs, which may drift in the Barents Sea subject to wind and ocean currents.The land encircling the Barents Sea includes regions with permafrost and tundra. Precipitation comes mainly from synoptic storms and weather fronts; it falls as snow in the winter and rain in the summer. The land area is snow-covered in winter, and rivers in the region drain the rainwater and meltwater into the Barents Sea. Pronounced natural variations in the seasonal weather statistics can be linked to variations in the polar jet stream and Rossby waves, which result in a clustering of storm activity, blocking high-pressure systems. The Barents region is subject to rapid climate change due to a “polar amplification,” and observations from Svalbard suggest that the past warming trend ranks among the strongest recorded on earth. The regional change is reinforced by a number of feedback effects, such as receding sea-ice cover and influx of mild moist air from the south.
Book chapters on the topic "Temperature variation monitoring"
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Borah, Sushmita, Amin Al-Habaibeh, and Rolands Kromanis. "The Effect of Temperature Variation on Bridges—A Literature Review." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_26.
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AbstractBridges are commonly subjected to complex load scenarios in their lifetime. Understanding the response of bridges under such load scenarios is important to ensure their safety. While static and dynamic loads from vehicles and pedestrians influence the instantaneous response of bridges, studies show that thermal load from diurnal and seasonal temperature variation influences its long-term response and durability. This study addresses the effects of thermal load variation on bridges and briefly reviews methods of measuring such effects. The findings show that thermally induced deformations in bridges are of magnitude equal or larger than that induced by vehicle induced load. This study highlights the significance of measuring temperature responses of bridges for their robust structural health monitoring.
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Abhilash, S., R. Nirmala, and Aravind Sahay. "Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variation of Chlorophyll and Sea Surface Temperature in Northern and Southern Arabian Sea, India." In Monitoring and Managing Multi-hazards. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15377-8_9.
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Liu, Li, Jintian Yin, Dabing Sun, Hui Li, and Qunfeng Zhu. "Monitoring Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Temperature Variation Signal Based on Model Prediction." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50549-2_13.
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Blasdel, Nathaniel J., and Chelsea N. Monty. "Temperature Sensitive Fabric for Monitoring Dermal Temperature Variations." In Wearable Electronics Sensors. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18191-2_8.
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Tang, Chuanfeng, Liangquan Ge, Shengliang Guo, Zhipeng Deng, and Jin Li. "Study on a Non-collecting Atmospheric Radon Concentration Measurement System." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_85.
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AbstractRadon in the atmosphere is an important tracer in meteorology and geology and an important index of environmental radioactivity level evaluation. In this paper, NaI (Tl) scintillator detector was developed to directly measure radon concentration in the atmosphere, and a mathematical model of atmospheric radon gamma measurement was proposed, which solved the technical problem of online real-time monitoring of atmospheric radon concentration. It has important scientific and practical value.In this paper, the characteristic gamma peaks of radon daughters 214Bi (609.31 keV) and 214Pb (351.92 keV) are respectively selected to calculate the radon concentration in the atmosphere. During the measurement period, the variation trend of radon concentration is the same as the theory, which suggests a higher concentration in the morning and a lower in the evening. Finally, the experimental measurement results were compared with the RAD7 radon measuring instrument. The error range of this detection system is 79.73% smaller than that of RAD7 on average, and its detection limit reaches 0.29 Bq/m3 with a 30-min-measurement at room temperature. This paper proves that it is feasible to directly measure the activity concentration of radon in the atmosphere. The atmospheric radon measurement method proposed in this paper can accurately obtain the concentration of atmospheric radon and has the advantages of convenience, large measuring range, low detection limit, and online measurement.
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Parker, D. E., C. K. Folland, and M. Jackson. "Marine Surface Temperature: Observed Variations and Data Requirements." In Long-Term Climate Monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0323-7_22.
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Schneidhofer, Petra, Christer Tonning, Rebecca J. S. Cannell, et al. "How much rain is too much for a GPR survey? Results of the Borre Monitoring Project." In Advances in On- and Offshore Archaeological Prospection. Universitätsverlag Kiel | Kiel University Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.38072/978-3-928794-83-1/p76.
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Soil moisture variation is complex and depends on a range of factors, which complicates the formulation of recommendations for GPR surveys. Low amounts of soil moisture produced GPR data of higher quality. However, precipitation rates as well as chronological sequence of precipitation/thawing processes and the GPR survey are of importance. Winter months can offer favorable conditions for GPR surveys if temperatures remain negative over a prolonged time period, allowing for frost to build in the ground. Results of the Borre Monitoring Project (BMP) are valid only for sites with similar settings as Borre; the monitoring approach, however, can be transferred to larger regions with more representative sites.
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Zanetto, Francesco. "Low-Noise Mixed-Signal Electronics for Closed-Loop Control of Complex Photonic Circuits." In Special Topics in Information Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85918-3_5.
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AbstractAn increasing research effort is being carried out to profit from the advantages of photonics not only in long-range telecommunications but also at short distances, to implement board-to-board or chip-to-chip interconnections. In this context, Silicon Photonics emerged as a promising technology, allowing to integrate optical devices in a small silicon chip. However, the integration density made possible by Silicon Photonics revealed the difficulty of operating complex optical architectures in an open-loop way, due to their high sensitivity to fabrication parameters and temperature variations. In this chapter, a low-noise mixed-signal electronic platform implementing feedback control of complex optical architectures is presented. The system exploits the ContactLess Integrated Photonic Probe, a non-invasive detector that senses light in silicon waveguides by measuring their electrical conductance. The CLIPP readout resolution has been maximized thanks to the design of a low-noise multichannel ASIC, achieving an accuracy better than −35 dBm in light monitoring. The feedback loop to stabilize the behaviour of photonic circuits is then closed in the digital domain by a custom mixed-signal electronic platform. Experimental demonstrations of optical communications at high data-rate confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Jeong, Min-Su, Hankyu Kim, and Woo-Shin Lee. "Spatio-temporal variation in egg-laying dates of nestbox-breeding varied tits (Poecile varius) in response to spring pre-breeding period temperatures at long-term study sites in South Korea and Japan." In Long-Term Monitoring and Research in Asian University Forests. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003252436-9.
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Nasiri, Vahid, Soroor Rahmanian, Zohreh Hashemi Aslani, Carmen Maftei, and Ashok Vaseashta. "Spatial Trend Analysis of Vegetation Dynamics and Their Responses to Climate Change on Black Sea Coasts, Romania From 2000 to 2021." In Modeling and Monitoring Extreme Hydrometeorological Events. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8771-6.ch008.
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Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series of moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer products, meteorological observations, and spatial trend analysis, the authors analyze how climate change and vegetation cover have changed in the Black Sea coasts over the past 22 years. Moreover, spatial correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between climatic factors and NDVI as a proxy of vegetation productivity. With growth rates of 0.003, 0.5°C, and 5.5 mm per year, respectively, the inter-annual variation of NDVI, temperature, and precipitation revealed a noticeably growing trend. At the seasonal time scale, a similar trend was observed, which was statistically significant in some cases. The spatial-temporal trend of NDVI showed a greening trend in the inter-annual and seasonal time scales (except autumn). The greening trend in vegetation refers to the increase in vegetation productivity and density over time. The authors conclude that the most effective factor in the vegetation greening process is an increasing trend in temperature and precipitation.
Conference papers on the topic "Temperature variation monitoring"
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WANG, TINGNA, DAVID J. WAGG, ROBERT J. BARTHORPE, and KEITH WORDEN. "ON ROBUSTNESS OF OPTIMAL SENSOR PLACEMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION FOR SHM." In Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36350.
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One challenge in establishing an effective structural health monitoring (SHM) system is the impact of environmental variability on damage identification. It is therefore, advantageous to consider any environmental effects when conducting sensor placement optimisation (SPO). One approach to this problem is to check the robustness of SPO technique to environmental variations and consider whether it is necessary to take account of these environmental factors as part of the optimisation process. This paper will study the robustness of an SPO method to variations in the ambient temperature of the structure. Two kinds of data, including the mode shapes and the Mahalanobis squared-distance (MSD), from tests on a glider wing structure are used as features for SPO separately. This structure was set up and tested in different health states across a series of controlled temperatures. The results show that the SPO results obtained via the mode shapes are robust to the temperature variation, while the SPO results corresponding to MSD are sensitive to temperature changes.
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E. Haavik, K., and M. Landrø. "Correcting Air Gun Source Signatures for Variation in Sea Water Temperature." In Third EAGE Workshop on Permanent Reservoir Monitoring 2015. EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411970.
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DARDENO, TINA A., MARCUS HAYWOOD-ALEXANDER, ROBIN S. MILLS, LAWRENCE A. BULL, NIKOLAOS DERVILIS, and KEITH WORDEN. "INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ON FEATURE CONSISTENCY IN VIBRATION-BASED SHM." In Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36344.
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Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have been implemented across multiple engineering applications, and SHM remains an active area of research addressing the improved safety, reliability, and management of these structures. Several challenges, however, have limited the practical implementation and generalisation of SHM technologies, such as operational and environmental fluctuations, repeatability issues, and changes in boundary conditions. These inconsistencies can be problematic for SHM based on machine learning, as healthy states may be incorrectly flagged as damaged, or damaged states may be misclassified as normal variations. Likewise, manufacturing differences can result in variation among similar structures. Accounting for these variations is especially important for a population-based approach to SHM (PBSHM), which seeks to transfer valuable information, including normal operating conditions and damage states, across similar structures. This work aims to quantify this variability, and evaluate the applicability of SHM when these deviations occur. In this paper, an experimental campaign is discussed, in which vibration data were collected over a series of tests on a set of full-scale, composite glider wings. Tests were performed at multiple ambient temperatures, and with real and simulated damage conditions. The frequency response functions of the wings are examined to identify changes in natural frequency.
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An, Yun-Kyu, and Hoon Sohn. "Integrated impedance and guided wave based damage detection under temperature variation." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Masayoshi Tomizuka. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.880753.
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Frenkel, Matthew, and Zhixiong Guo. "Cryogenic Temperature Monitoring via Optical PDMS Sensors." In ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2016-7188.
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PDMS micro-sensors coated onto an electrical wire are used to measure dynamic temperature variation at cryogenic range based on optical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) frequency shift principle. We designed a lab cryogenic cell via filling liquid nitrogen to create a stable low temperature down to 95K. The electrical wire is current carrying to simulate a working electrical/electronic component/device. The temperature variation due to Joule heating is monitored. The sensors are tested for their real time temperature monitoring capabilities and accuracy in the cryogenic temperature regime of 95–140K.
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Ma, Li, Zhihong Jiang, Chunfeng Duan, Qilong Miao, and Yong Wang. "Weekend effect of temperature variation in the Yangtze River delta of China." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Tribikram Kundu. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.817503.
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Lin, Chih-Hsing, Sheng-Wei Wang, Chen-Chia, Chieh-Ming Wu, and Chun-Ming Huang. "Temperature Variation Tolerance High Resolution Real-time Liquid Level Monitoring System." In 2018 IEEE 8th International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin.2018.8576201.
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Diogo de Souza Rabelo, Roberto Mendes Finzi Neto, and Valder Steffen Jr. "Impedance-Based Structural Health Monitoring incorporating compensation of temperature variation effects." In 23rd ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cob-2015-1903.
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Zhou, Shanglian, and Wei Song. "Variation of modal properties induced by combined effects of temperature and boundary condition." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Jerome P. Lynch. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2084135.
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Gardiner, D. P., and M. F. Bardon. "A Cyclic Variability Monitoring System Based Upon Cycle Resolved Exhaust Temperature Sensing." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1294.
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This paper describes a means of monitoring cyclic variability in reciprocating engines that is an alternative to cylinder pressure measurements. The monitoring system uses robust exhaust temperature sensors that are capable of detecting cycle-to-cycle variations in the gas temperatures near each exhaust port. These variations are related to cyclic variations in combustion, and tend to increase as cyclic variability worsens. Further processing yields a combustion variability signal that is intended to reflect relative changes in the Coefficient of Variation of Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (COV of IMEP). Proof of concept experiments have been carried out using a naturally aspirated, propane fueled automotive engine equipped with laboratory grade in-cylinder pressure transducers. The results show a good correlation between the exhaust cyclic variability signal and the COV of IMEP from cylinder pressure measurements.
Reports on the topic "Temperature variation monitoring"
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King. L52120 Long-Term Environmental Monitoring of Near-Neutral and High-pH SCC Sites. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011228.
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The aims of this project were (i) to monitor the seasonal variation of environmental conditions at stress corrosion cracking (SCC) sites and (ii) to develop an improved site-selection model for SCC. Environmental and other relevant data have been collected for a total of nine known, or suspected, SCC sites; seven near-neutral pH SCC and two high-pH SCC.� The presence of SCC was determined, or predicted, based on in-service or hydrotest failures, excavation, industry soils model, or ILI.� Pipe-depth environmental conditions were monitored continuously for periods of up to 2 years using the permanent NOVAProbe, which is capable of measuring the local redox potential, soil resistivity, pH and temperature close to the pipe surface.� Corrosion coupons were also installed at some sites to monitor the CP conditions and native potential.� In addition, various other information was collected for each site, including pipe information; soil, groundwater, coating, and corrosion product samples; topography and land use; precipitation data; soil gas samples; SCADA pressure data; corrosion and SCC ILI information; CIS data; gas temperature (for high-pH SCC sites); and information about the nature of the SCC.� All sites studied were on gas transmission pipelines in Canada.
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Dawson, Pierre. The Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program : Variation (Status and Trend) of Stream Water Temperature within th Entiat River Subbasin : January 2008 - October 2008. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/961801.
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Rosse, Anine, and Myles Cramer. Water quality monitoring for Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site: 2019 data report. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295547.
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The Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) began monitoring water quality in the Knife River at Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site (KNRI) in 2013, with the assistance of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This report summarizes the data collected during the 2019 ice-free season (April 18 through October 31) for streamflow, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH. This was the third season of continuous monitoring. 2019 began as moderately dry year until discharge on the Knife River peaked at 1,900 cubic feet per second in September following unusually heavy precipitation. There was considerable seasonal variation in all water quality measures. A summary of our results can be found in Descriptive Statistics Summary tables for the ice-free season (Table 2) and for each month (Table 3). Notably, water temperature exceeded state standards (Table 1) in summer months although these exceedances made up less than 1% of all records. Additionally, dissolved oxygen was observed below state standards twice on the same day in June, but Knife River still met the dissolved oxygen standard due to the brief nature of this deficiency. NGPN’s collaboration with USGS supported real-time and archived access to this data through the USGS National Water Information System Website KNIFE RIVER NR STANTON, ND - USGS Water Data for the Nation, where it remains available to the public
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Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.
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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.
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Lui, Rui, Cheng Zhu, John Schmalzel, et al. Experimental and numerical analyses of soil electrical resistivity under subfreezing conditions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48430.
Full textAbstract:
The engineering behavior of frozen soils is critical to the serviceability of civil infrastructure in cold regions. Among various geophysical techniques, electrical resistivity imaging is a promising technique that is cost effective and provides spatially continuous subsurface information. In this study, under freeze–thaw conditions, we carry out lab–scale 1D electrical resistivity measurements on frost–susceptible soils with varying water content and bulk density properties. We use a portable electrical resistivity meter for temporal electrical resistivity measurements and thermocouples for temperature monitoring. Dynamic temperature-dependent soil properties, most notably unfrozen water content, exert significant influences on the observed electrical resistivity. Below 0 °C, soil resistivity increases with the decreasing temperature. We also observe a hysteresis effect on the evolution of electrical resistivity during the freeze–thaw cycle, which effect we characterize with a sigmoidal model. At the same temperature, electrical resistivity during freezing is consistently lower than that during thawing. We have implemented this sigmoidal model into a COMSOL finite element model at both laboratory and field scales which enables the simulation of soil electrical resistivity response under both short–term and long–term sub–freezing conditions. Atmospheric temperature variations induce soil temperature change, and thereby phase transition and electrical resistivity change, with the rate of change being a function of the depth of investigation and soil properties include initial water content and initial temperature. This study advances the fundamental understanding of the electrical behaviors of frozen soils and enhance the application of electrical geophysical investigations in cold regions.
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Raikow, David, Mark Wasser, Amanda McCutcheon, and Anne Farahi. Trends in water quality of Waikolu Stream, Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Moloka?i, Hawaii, 2007?2017. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302153.
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Water quality was monitored in Waikolu Stream, Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Moloka?i, Hawa?i from 2007-2017. Water was collected for nutrient analyses and a sonde equipped with multiple probes was used to measure water quality parameters. The sampling regime was based on a split-panel of permanently established or ?fixed? sites sampled during each sampling effort, and ?temporary? sites of randomly assigned locations, for each sampling effort. Results included: ? NO-3 + NO-2 regularly exceeded state water quality criteria. ? TP exceeded state water quality criteria once out of three quarters evaluated. ? Other nutrient concentrations were consistent with Hawaiian streams. ? Waters were clear and well oxygenated. ? Conditions were consistent with similar pacific island streams. ? Dissolved nutrient fractions dominated base flow conditions. ? Seasonality was detected for TDN, NO-3 + NO-2, chlorophyll, pH, oxygen, and temperature. ? Several trends were detected; however, the magnitude of change was small and did not warrant concern. ? Temporal patterns did not obviously correspond to climate conditions. ? Parameters varied spatially to a limited extent, with nitrogen decreasing and temperature, specific conductance, and oxygen increasing from headwaters to the mouth. ? Temporary site conditions were highly correlated with fixed sites and did not provide additional insights. Water quality in Waikolu Stream was generally good with the exception of NO-3 + NO-2 which exceeded state standards. However, concentrations of NO-3 + NO-2 were generally consistent with many streams in Hawaii and natural causes of observed concentrations may have included older soils, steep slopes, and high precipitation. Exotic species including ungulates, which are known to occur in Waikolu Valley, could have contributed to elevated N through droppings and soil erosion in the riparian zone. Waikolu Stream TDN, TDP, chlorophyll, pH, turbidity, SpC, and oxygen were consistent with streams in other well-protected NPS watersheds on pacific islands on Maui, Guam, and American Samoa. Due to the watershed?s small size, the stream?s short length, and because variation or unique conditions were not captured by using split-panel, we recommend reducing the sampling effort. For example, our observations indicate that one easily accessible site in the lower reaches of the stream (FKALA03) displays water quality that reflects the entire stream. We also recommend adding nutrient analytes to better characterize biogeochemical cycling in this stream, including TP, TN, NH+4, and PO4. A power analysis is underway to evaluate reduction of sample sites. Such a reduction will result in large cost savings for the PACN water quality monitoring program.
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Cheung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation-Related Air Quality (StarTraq 2022): Data-Driven Exposure Analysis by Transportation Modes. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2220.
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Particulate matter (PM) pollution poses significant health risks, influenced by various meteorological factors and seasonal variations. This study investigates the impact of temperature and other meteorological variables on PM10 and PM2.5 levels in Fresno County, known for high air pollution. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and generalized additive models (GAMs) assess the significance of these relationships. Analyzing data from Fresno County, we examine PM10 and PM2.5 levels across "hot" (June to August) and "cool" (September to May) seasons. Findings indicate PM10, both MLR and GAM models identify statistically significant variables, excluding temperature and wind direction in each season. However, during the hot season, both temperature and wind direction become statistically significant predictors of PM10. These variables remain insignificant during the cool season. For PM2.5, the MLR model suggests that temperature, humidity, and wind direction are not significant throughout the entire season, while the GAM model finds only wind direction to be insignificant. The temperature is highly significant for hot and cool seasons under the MLR model, whereas humidity becomes insignificant under the GAM model. Model performance is evaluated using measures of fit, indicating that MLR outperforms GAM for PM10 during the entire and hot seasons, while GAM performs better during the cool season. For PM2.5, GAM outperforms MLR during the cool seasons, with no clear distinction in performance during the hot season. The regional air quality PM2.5 at Fresno and meteorological conditions were closely related to the concentration of on-road particulate matter. From the intercity monitoring of PM2.5 and BC, on-road concentrations were statistically significantly higher than those measured in-vehicle (p<.001). Therefore, in-vehicle particle concentrations were safe compared to the on-road concentrations. In most cases, PM2.5 on the highways was higher than PM2.5 on the local roadways. On-road transportation-related particles measured in the San Joaquin Valley were significantly higher than those measured in the Bay Area. The results from a daily dose of transportation-related PM2.5 estimation based on a 2-hour commute and an 8-hour trip demonstrated that children under 11 years of age are more vulnerable than adults. In-vehicle daily doses were significantly lower than the on-road daily doses. This study highlights the importance of considering seasonal variations and meteorological factors when modeling PM pollution. It underscores PM's sensitivity to temperature and wind direction in Fresno County's hot season, offering insights for effective pollution management from transportation and policy implementation to mitigate the adverse health effects.
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Song, Frank. PR-015-0835-R01 Development of Variable Cathodic Protection Criteria. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010716.
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The CP criteria for buried piping systems are not consistent in different global CP standards. For instance, the standard of the International Standard Organization (ISO) and the European standard (EN) offer more specific CP criteria with respect to environmental conditions such as soil resistivity, aeration, presence of bacteria, pipe temperature and overprotection. However, they do not have the -850 mV on-potential criterion contained in the NACE Standard SP 0169-2007. The Australian National Standard (SAA) recommends the use of coupons or an electrical resistance (ER) probe in conjunction with the -850 mV off-potential or the 100 mV polarization criterion, which was not included in the above standards. Based on operators� experience, the current CP criteria in the NACE Standard SP 169-2007 may not always assure that pipes are effectively protected and some pipe/soil environments may require alternative criteria such as those in other global standards. This effort aimed to collect and analyze available global CP criteria and data to better understand why and when the NACE Standard SP0169 criteria are effective. By compiling and reviewing global CP criteria along with field and laboratory data, the report provides recommendations on evaluation of the -850 mV on-potential criterion, the -850 mV off-potential criterion, the potential criteria in high resistivity soils, the 100 mV polarization criterion, and CP criteria with elevated temperatures and bacteria. It also discusses how the joint use of monitoring and inspection devices with the effective use of CP criteria may affect how appreciate the significance of CP criteria in pipeline external corrosion control and the overall pipeline integrity management. Significant research is still needed to understand the effectiveness of CP criteria from a fundamental perspective. Mathematical modeling of a pipeline CP system with consideration of both the temporal and spatial variations of the pipe potential and corrosion rate and solution chemistry near the pipe surface should be performed. This would provide a broad understanding of the effectiveness of CP criteria from both macro and micro scales.
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Ullman, Diane E., Benjamin Raccah, John Sherwood, Meir Klein, Yehezkiel Antignus, and Abed Gera. Tomato Spotted Wilt Tosporvirus and its Thrips Vectors: Epidemiology, Insect/Virus Interactions and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573062.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to study thrips-TSWV relationships and their role in the epidemiology of the virus with the aim of using this knowledge to reduce crop losses occurring due to epidemics. Our specific objectives were: To determine the major factors involved in virus outbreaks, including: a) identifying the thrips species involved in virus dissemination and their relative role in virus spread; b) determining the virus sources among wild and cultivated plants throughout the season and their role in virus spread, and, c) determining how temperature and molecular variations in isolates impact virus replication in plants and insects and impact the transmission cycle. Background to the topic. Tospoviruses are among the most important emerging plant viruses that impact production of agricultural and ornamental crops. Evolution of tospoviruses and their relationships with thrips vector species have been of great interest because of crop damage caused world wide and the complete absence of suitable methods of control. Tospoviruses threaten crops in Israel and the United States. By understanding the factors contributing to epidemics and the specific relationships between thrips species and particular tospoviruses we hope that new strategies for control can be developed that will benefit agriculture in both Israel and the United States. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We determined that at least three tospoviruses were involved in epidemics in Israel and the United States, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). We detected and characterized INSV for the first time in Israel and, through our efforts, IYSV was detected and characterized for the first time in both countries. We demonstrated that many thrips species were present in commercial production areas and trap color influenced thrips catch. Frankliniella occidentalis was the major vector species of INSV and TSWV and populations varied in transmission efficiency. Thrips tabaci is the sole known vector of IYSV and experiments in both countries indicated that F. occidentalis is not a vector of this new tospovirus. Alternate plant hosts were identified for each virus. A new monitoring system combining sticky cards and petunia indicator plants was developed to identify sources of infective thrips. This system has been highly successful in the U.S. and was used to demonstrate to growers that removal of plant sources of infective thrips has a dramatic impact on virus incidence. Finally, a putative thrips receptor mediating acquisition of TSWV was discovered. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Our findings have contributed to new control measures that will benefit agriculture. Identification of a putative thrips receptor for TSWV and our findings relative to thrips/tospovirus specificity have implications for development of innovative new control strategies.