Journal articles: 'Temporal regularities'

1

Ball, Felix, Inga Spuerck, and Toemme Noesselt. "Minimal interplay between explicit knowledge, dynamics of learning and temporal expectations in different, complex uni- and multisensory contexts." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 83, no. 6 (May 11, 2021): 2551–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-021-02313-1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWhile temporal expectations (TE) generally improve reactions to temporally predictable events, it remains unknown how the learning of temporal regularities (one time point more likely than another time point) and explicit knowledge about temporal regularities contribute to performance improvements; and whether any contributions generalise across modalities. Here, participants discriminated the frequency of diverging auditory, visual or audio-visual targets embedded in auditory, visual or audio-visual distractor sequences. Temporal regularities were manipulated run-wise (early vs. late target within sequence). Behavioural performance (accuracy, RT) plus measures from a computational learning model all suggest that learning of temporal regularities occurred but did not generalise across modalities, and that dynamics of learning (size of TE effect across runs) and explicit knowledge have little to no effect on the strength of TE. Remarkably, explicit knowledge affects performance—if at all—in a context-dependent manner: Only under complex task regimes (here, unknown target modality) might it partially help to resolve response conflict while it is lowering performance in less complex environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Shalev, Nir, Nele Demeyere, and Anna Nobre. "The Implicit Adaptation to Temporal Regularities." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (August 31, 2017): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.750.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Schapiro, Anna C., Emma Gregory, Barbara Landau, Michael McCloskey, and Nicholas B. Turk-Browne. "The Necessity of the Medial Temporal Lobe for Statistical Learning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 8 (August 2014): 1736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00578.

Full text

Abstract:

The sensory input that we experience is highly patterned, and we are experts at detecting these regularities. Although the extraction of such regularities, or statistical learning (SL), is typically viewed as a cortical process, recent studies have implicated the medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the hippocampus. These studies have employed fMRI, leaving open the possibility that the MTL is involved but not necessary for SL. Here, we examined this issue in a case study of LSJ, a patient with complete bilateral hippocampal loss and broader MTL damage. In Experiments 1 and 2, LSJ and matched control participants were passively exposed to a continuous sequence of shapes, syllables, scenes, or tones containing temporal regularities in the co-occurrence of items. In a subsequent test phase, the control groups exhibited reliable SL in all conditions, successfully discriminating regularities from recombinations of the same items into novel foil sequences. LSJ, however, exhibited no SL, failing to discriminate regularities from foils. Experiment 3 ruled out more general explanations for this failure, such as inattention during exposure or difficulty following test instructions, by showing that LSJ could discriminate which individual items had been exposed. These findings provide converging support for the importance of the MTL in extracting temporal regularities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Yu, Ru Qi, and Jiaying Zhao. "Implicit updating of object representation via temporal regularities." Journal of Vision 16, no. 12 (September 1, 2016): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.559.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Plancher, Gaën, Yohana Lévêque, Lison Fanuel, Gaëlle Piquandet, and Barbara Tillmann. "Boosting maintenance in working memory with temporal regularities." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 44, no. 5 (May 2018): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000481.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Shalev, Nir, Hannah Wilkinson, Sage Boettcher, Gaia Scerif, and Anna Christina Nobre. "Temporal regularities guide spatial attention in young children." Journal of Vision 20, no. 11 (October 20, 2020): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.11.1050.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Tennenbaum, Abraham N., and Edward L. Fink. "Temporal regularities in homicide: Cycles, seasons, and autoregression." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 10, no. 4 (December 1994): 317–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02221279.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Hoppe, David, and Constantin A. Rothkopf. "Learning rational temporal eye movement strategies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 29 (July 5, 2016): 8332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601305113.

Full text

Abstract:

During active behavior humans redirect their gaze several times every second within the visual environment. Where we look within static images is highly efficient, as quantified by computational models of human gaze shifts in visual search and face recognition tasks. However, when we shift gaze is mostly unknown despite its fundamental importance for survival in a dynamic world. It has been suggested that during naturalistic visuomotor behavior gaze deployment is coordinated with task-relevant events, often predictive of future events, and studies in sportsmen suggest that timing of eye movements is learned. Here we establish that humans efficiently learn to adjust the timing of eye movements in response to environmental regularities when monitoring locations in the visual scene to detect probabilistically occurring events. To detect the events humans adopt strategies that can be understood through a computational model that includes perceptual and acting uncertainties, a minimal processing time, and, crucially, the intrinsic costs of gaze behavior. Thus, subjects traded off event detection rate with behavioral costs of carrying out eye movements. Remarkably, based on this rational bounded actor model the time course of learning the gaze strategies is fully explained by an optimal Bayesian learner with humans’ characteristic uncertainty in time estimation, the well-known scalar law of biological timing. Taken together, these findings establish that the human visual system is highly efficient in learning temporal regularities in the environment and that it can use these regularities to control the timing of eye movements to detect behaviorally relevant events.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kibbe, Melissa M., and Lisa Feigenson. "Infants use temporal regularities to chunk objects in memory." Cognition 146 (January 2016): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.09.022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

van Atteveldt, Nienke, David Poeppel, Charles Schroeder, Sanne ten Oever, and Elana Zion-Golumbic. "The influence of temporal regularities and cross-modal temporal cues on auditory detection." Multisensory Research 26, no. 1-2 (2013): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-000s0161.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Tang, Disheng, Wenbo Du, Louis Shekhtman, Yijie Wang, Shlomo Havlin, Xianbin Cao, and Gang Yan. "Predictability of real temporal networks." National Science Review 7, no. 5 (February 10, 2020): 929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Links in most real networks often change over time. Such temporality of links encodes the ordering and causality of interactions between nodes and has a profound effect on network dynamics and function. Empirical evidence has shown that the temporal nature of links in many real-world networks is not random. Nonetheless, it is challenging to predict temporal link patterns while considering the entanglement between topological and temporal link patterns. Here, we propose an entropy-rate-based framework, based on combined topological–temporal regularities, for quantifying the predictability of any temporal network. We apply our framework on various model networks, demonstrating that it indeed captures the intrinsic topological–temporal regularities whereas previous methods considered only temporal aspects. We also apply our framework on 18 real networks of different types and determine their predictability. Interestingly, we find that, for most real temporal networks, despite the greater complexity of predictability brought by the increase in dimension, the combined topological–temporal predictability is higher than the temporal predictability. Our results demonstrate the necessity for incorporating both temporal and topological aspects of networks in order to improve predictions of dynamical processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Schapiro, Anna C., Lauren V. Kustner, and Nicholas B. Turk-Browne. "Shaping of Object Representations in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe Based on Temporal Regularities." Current Biology 22, no. 17 (September 2012): 1622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.056.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Damsma, Atser, Niels Taatgen, Ritske de Jong, and Hedderik van Rijn. "No evidence for an attentional bias towards implicit temporal regularities." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 3 (September 4, 2019): 1136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01851-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Fanuel, Lison, Sophie Portrat, Barbara Tillmann, and Gaën Plancher. "Temporal regularities allow saving time for maintenance in working memory." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1424, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13611.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Vittengl, Jeffrey R. "Temporal regularities in physical control at a state psychiatric hospital." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 16, no. 2 (April 2002): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apnu.2002.32110.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Salet, Josh M., Wouter Kruijne, and Hedderik van Rijn. "Implicit learning of temporal behavior in complex dynamic environments." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 28, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 1270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01873-x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractHumans can automatically detect and learn to exploit repeated aspects (regularities) of the environment. Timing research suggests that such learning is not only used to anticipate what will happen, but also when it will happen. However, in timing experiments, the intervals to be timed are presented in isolation from other stimuli and explicitly cued, contrasting with naturalistic environments in which intervals are embedded in a constant stream of events and individuals are hardly aware of them. It is unclear whether laboratory findings from timing research translate to a more ecologically valid, implicit environment. Here we show in a game-like experiment, specifically designed to measure naturalistic behavior, that participants implicitly use regular intervals to anticipate future events, even when these intervals are constantly interrupted by irregular yet behaviorally relevant events. This finding extends previous research by showing that individuals not only detect such regularities but can also use this knowledge to decide when to act in a complex environment. Furthermore, this finding demonstrates that this type of learning can occur independently from the ordinal sequence of motor actions, which contrasts this work with earlier motor learning studies. Taken together, our results demonstrate that regularities in the time between events are implicitly monitored and used to predict and act on what happens when, thereby showing that laboratory findings from timing research can generalize to naturalistic environments. Additionally, with the development of our game-like experiment, we demonstrate an approach to test cognitive theories in less controlled, ecologically more valid environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

ShvetsI, Yu. "SPATIAL-TIME REGULARITIES OF AGLOMERATION DEVELOPMENT." Construction economic and environmental management 77, no. 4 (2021): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2519-4453-2020-4-107-116.

Full text

Abstract:

Urban development, agglomeration development is a complex, multidimensional process characterized by the diversity of the nature of the study. The development of urban agglomerations arising as a result of the urbanization process is accompanied by stratification in the system of settlements between the center and the periphery of the region. The article analyzes the cause-and-effect relationships of spatio-temporal changes in agglomeration, analyzes the main directions of development, structural changes in agglomeration. The growth of agglomeration development over the past decades has shown that it is important to use a scientific approach for strategic planned sustainable development, effective management and rational planning of urban agglomerations. Today the urban agglomeration is becoming the basis for the socio-economic development of a number of regions. The effectiveness of territorial management is determined by the measure of analysis, the use of patterns of spatial development of settlement systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Cohen, Yamit, Luba Daikhin, and Merav Ahissar. "Perceptual Learning Is Specific to the Trained Structure of Information." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 12 (December 2013): 2047–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00453.

Full text

Abstract:

What do we learn when we practice a simple perceptual task? Many studies have suggested that we learn to refine or better select the sensory representations of the task-relevant dimension. Here we show that learning is specific to the trained structural regularities. Specifically, when this structure is modified after training with a fixed temporal structure, performance regresses to pretraining levels, even when the trained stimuli and task are retained. This specificity raises key questions as to the importance of low-level sensory modifications in the learning process. We trained two groups of participants on a two-tone frequency discrimination task for several days. In one group, a fixed reference tone was consistently presented in the first interval (the second tone was higher or lower), and in the other group the same reference tone was consistently presented in the second interval. When following training, these temporal protocols were switched between groups, performance of both groups regressed to pretraining levels, and further training was needed to attain postlearning performance. ERP measures, taken before and after training, indicated that participants implicitly learned the temporal regularity of the protocol and formed an attentional template that matched the trained structure of information. These results are consistent with Reverse Hierarchy Theory, which posits that even the learning of simple perceptual tasks progresses in a top–down manner, hence can benefit from temporal regularities at the trial level, albeit at the potential cost that learning may be specific to these regularities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Kusnir, Flor, Slav Pesin, Gal Moscona, and Ayelet N. Landau. "When Temporal Certainty Doesn't Help." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 2 (February 2020): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01482.

Full text

Abstract:

In a dynamically changing environment, the ability to capture regularities in our sensory input helps us generate predictions about future events. In most sensory systems, the basic finding is clear: Knowing when something will happen improves performance on it [Nobre, A. C., & van Ede, F. (2017). Anticipated moments: Temporal structure in attention. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19, 34–48, 2017]. We here examined the impact of temporal predictions on a less-explored modality: touch. Participants were instructed to detect a brief target embedded in an ongoing vibrotactile stimulus. Unbeknownst to them, the experiment had two timing conditions: In one part, the time of target onset was fixed and thus temporally predictable, whereas in the other, it could appear at a random time within the ongoing stimulation. We found a clear modulation of detection thresholds due to temporal predictability: Contrary to other sensory systems, detecting a predictable tactile target was worse relative to unpredictable targets. We discuss our findings within the framework of tactile suppression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Dultsev, D. V., and L. I. Suchkova. "DESCRIPTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TEMPORAL REGULARITIES FOR FUZZY TIME SERIES WITH APPLICATION OF HYBRID OLS-PATTERNS." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 45, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2018-45-2-104-113.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectivesThe aim of the research is to develop the principle of storing data templates to take their temporal natureinto account, making it possible to reduce decision-making times.In order to describe and identify temporal patterns in fuzzy time series behaviour in real time, the task was set to develop a hybrid data structure that allows for a consideration of sequences of fuzzy values formed from clear observable data as well as a determination of the length of these sequences and possible uneven time intervals between the observations.MethodsThe article discussesan approach to formalising the description of temporal cause-effect relationships between events occurring at the object location as well as that of its environment, based on a set of singly-connected lists of triplets. Each triplet contains a fuzzy linguistic variable, the duration of its observation and the permitted interval of observation of insignificant data.ResultsAn algorithm for detecting knowledge base patterns in real time was developed, taking into account the possibility of a time shift in observing long sequences of identical values of the observed value. The possibility of partial data overlapping corresponding to triplets of different patterns is taken into account. The proposed hybrid pattern makes it possible to accelerate the detection of temporal regularities in the data.ConclusionScientific results are presented by the developed structure for storing information on temporal regularities in data, based on a singly linked linear list, as well as an algorithm for finding regularities in observational data using a set of OLS-patterns. The advantage of this structure and algorithm in comparison with the known ways of storing and analysing temporal data is a reduction in the amount of memory necessary for storing templates in the knowledge base, as well as the possibility of applying OLS patterns for decisionmaking purposes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Eck, Douglas. "Identifying Metrical and Temporal Structure With an Autocorrelation Phase Matrix." Music Perception 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2006.24.2.167.

Full text

Abstract:

This article introduces a new method for detecting long-timescale structure in music. We describe a way to compute autocorrelation such that the distribution of energy in phase space is preserved in a matrix. The resulting Autocorrelation Phase Matrix (APM) is useful for several tasks involving metrical structure. In this article we describe the details of calculating the APM. We then show how phase-related regularities from music are stored in the APM and present two ways to recover these regularities. The simpler approach uses variance or entropy calculated on the distribution of information in the APM. The more complex approach explicitly searches through the phase and lag space of the APM to predict meter and tempo in parallel. We compare these approaches against standard autocorrelation for the task of tempo prediction on a relatively large database of annotated digital audio files. We demonstrate that better tempo prediction is achieved by exploiting the phase-related information in the APM.We argue that the APM is an effective data structure for tempo prediction and related applications, such as real-time beat induction and music analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Pichura, V., I. Shakhman, and А. Bystriantseva. "Spatial and temporal regularities of water quality formation in the Dnieper river." Bìoresursi ì prirodokoristuvannâ 10, no. 1-2 (2018): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.01.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Selchenkova, Tatiana, Mari Riess Jones, and Barbara Tillmann. "The influence of temporal regularities on the implicit learning of pitch structures." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 67, no. 12 (December 2014): 2360–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2014.929155.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Li, Zhiyuan, Junlei Bi, and Carlos Borrego. "Exploiting Temporal and Spatial Regularities for Content Dissemination in Opportunistic Social Network." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (March 6, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3173152.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, content dissemination has become more and more important for opportunistic social networks. The challenges of opportunistic content dissemination result from random movement of nodes and uncertain positions of a destination, which seriously affect the efficiency of content dissemination. In this paper, we firstly construct time-varying interest communities based on the temporal and spatial regularities of users. Next, we design a content dissemination algorithm on the basis of time-varying interest communities. Our proposed content dissemination algorithm can run in O(nlog⁡n) time. Finally, the comparisons between the proposed content dissemination algorithm and state-of-the-art content dissemination algorithms show that our proposed content dissemination algorithm can (a) keep high query success rate, (b) reduce the average query latency, (c) reduce the hop count of a query, and (d) maintain low system overhead.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Schapiro, Anna C., Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, Matthew M. Botvinick, and Kenneth A. Norman. "Complementary learning systems within the hippocampus: a neural network modelling approach to reconciling episodic memory with statistical learning." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1711 (January 5, 2017): 20160049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0049.

Full text

Abstract:

A growing literature suggests that the hippocampus is critical for the rapid extraction of regularities from the environment. Although this fits with the known role of the hippocampus in rapid learning, it seems at odds with the idea that the hippocampus specializes in memorizing individual episodes. In particular, the Complementary Learning Systems theory argues that there is a computational trade-off between learning the specifics of individual experiences and regularities that hold across those experiences. We asked whether it is possible for the hippocampus to handle both statistical learning and memorization of individual episodes. We exposed a neural network model that instantiates known properties of hippocampal projections and subfields to sequences of items with temporal regularities. We found that the monosynaptic pathway—the pathway connecting entorhinal cortex directly to region CA1—was able to support statistical learning, while the trisynaptic pathway—connecting entorhinal cortex to CA1 through dentate gyrus and CA3—learned individual episodes, with apparent representations of regularities resulting from associative reactivation through recurrence. Thus, in paradigms involving rapid learning, the computational trade-off between learning episodes and regularities may be handled by separate anatomical pathways within the hippocampus itself. This article is part of the themed issue ‘New frontiers for statistical learning in the cognitive sciences’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Mesgarani, Nima, Stephen V. David, Jonathan B. Fritz, and Shihab A. Shamma. "Influence of Context and Behavior on Stimulus Reconstruction From Neural Activity in Primary Auditory Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 6 (December 2009): 3329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91128.2008.

Full text

Abstract:

Population responses of cortical neurons encode considerable details about sensory stimuli, and the encoded information is likely to change with stimulus context and behavioral conditions. The details of encoding are difficult to discern across large sets of single neuron data because of the complexity of naturally occurring stimulus features and cortical receptive fields. To overcome this problem, we used the method of stimulus reconstruction to study how complex sounds are encoded in primary auditory cortex (AI). This method uses a linear spectro-temporal model to map neural population responses to an estimate of the stimulus spectrogram, thereby enabling a direct comparison between the original stimulus and its reconstruction. By assessing the fidelity of such reconstructions from responses to modulated noise stimuli, we estimated the range over which AI neurons can faithfully encode spectro-temporal features. For stimuli containing statistical regularities (typical of those found in complex natural sounds), we found that knowledge of these regularities substantially improves reconstruction accuracy over reconstructions that do not take advantage of this prior knowledge. Finally, contrasting stimulus reconstructions under different behavioral states showed a novel view of the rapid changes in spectro-temporal response properties induced by attentional and motivational state.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Otte, R. A., I. Winkler, M. A. K. A. Braeken, J. J. Stekelenburg, O. van der Stelt, and B. R. H. Van den Bergh. "Detecting violations of temporal regularities in waking and sleeping two-month-old infants." Biological Psychology 92, no. 2 (February 2013): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.09.009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Sheremetyeva, Olga, and Anna Godomskaya. "Temporal regularities of changing magnetic field generation modes in the model of the αΩ-dynamo." E3S Web of Conferences 196 (2020): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019602030.

Full text

Abstract:

In the dynamic model aΩ-dynamo the change in the intensity of the a-generator under the action of external forces is considered as a result of synchroniza-tion of higher modes of the velocity field and the magnetic field and is regulated by the function Z(t) with an exponential-power kernel J(t). Depending on the choice of the exponent and the scale factor of the kernel determine its temporal characteristics: delay time and waiting time. The question of changing the modes of magnetic field generation depending on the temporal characteristics of the function’s kernel is investigating. In the dynamic model aΩ-dynamo the change of the a-generator intensity under the action of external forces is considered as a result of synchronization of higher modes of the velocity field and the magnetic field and is regulated by the function Z(t) with an exponential-power kernel J(t). Depending on the choice of the exponent and the scale factor of the kernel J(t) determine its temporal characteristics: delay time and waiting time. The question of changing the modes of magnetic field generation depending on the temporal characteristics of the function’s kernel is investigating.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Tamayo, Ricardo, and Peter A. Frensch. "Temporal Stability of Implicit Sequence Knowledge." Experimental Psychology 62, no. 4 (September 2015): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000293.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Previous research has shown that explicit and implicit knowledge of artificial grammars may decay at different rates (e.g., Tamayo & Frensch, 2007 ; Tunney, 2003 ). We extend these findings to sequential regularities embedded in serial reaction time (SRT) tasks. We compared the forgetting patterns of implicit and explicit knowledge after a retention interval of 7 days without rehearsal. Explicit knowledge decayed after 7 days, whereas implicit knowledge was retained. These data were modeled according to the assumptions involved in the single-system model suggested by Shanks, Wilkinson, and Channon (2003) . The best fit for the model was obtained by modifying the parameters related to (a) the common knowledge-strength variable for implicit and explicit knowledge, and (b) reliability of the explicit test. We interpret these dissociations as a boundary condition for single-system models that assume constant random noise to explain dissociations in the forgetting patterns of implicit and explicit sequential knowledge.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Fritsche, Matthias, Samuel J. D. Lawrence, and Floris P. de Lange. "Temporal tuning of repetition suppression across the visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00582.2019.

Full text

Abstract:

The visual system adapts to its recent history. A phenomenon related to this is repetition suppression (RS), a reduction in neural responses to repeated compared with nonrepeated visual input. An intriguing hypothesis is that the timescale over which RS occurs across the visual hierarchy is tuned to the temporal statistics of visual input features, which change rapidly in low-level areas but are more stable in higher level areas. Here, we tested this hypothesis by studying the influence of the temporal lag between successive visual stimuli on RS throughout the visual system using functional (f)MRI. Twelve human volunteers engaged in four fMRI sessions in which we characterized the blood oxygen level-dependent response to pairs of repeated and nonrepeated natural images with interstimulus intervals (ISI) ranging from 50 to 1,000 ms to quantify the temporal tuning of RS along the posterior-anterior axis of the visual system. As expected, RS was maximal for short ISIs and decayed with increasing ISI. Crucially, however, and against our hypothesis, RS decayed at a similar rate in early and late visual areas. This finding challenges the prevailing view that the timescale of RS increases along the posterior-anterior axis of the visual system and suggests that RS is not tuned to temporal input regularities. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Visual areas show reduced neural responses to repeated compared with nonrepeated visual input, a phenomenon termed repetition suppression (RS). Here we show that RS decays at a similar rate in low- and high-level visual areas, suggesting that the short-term decay of RS across the visual hierarchy is not tuned to temporal input regularities. This may limit the specificity with which the mechanisms underlying RS could optimize the processing of input features across the visual hierarchy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Turk-Browne, Nicholas B., Brian J. Scholl, Marvin M. Chun, and Marcia K. Johnson. "Neural Evidence of Statistical Learning: Efficient Detection of Visual Regularities Without Awareness." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 10 (October 2009): 1934–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21131.

Full text

Abstract:

Our environment contains regularities distributed in space and time that can be detected by way of statistical learning. This unsupervised learning occurs without intent or awareness, but little is known about how it relates to other types of learning, how it affects perceptual processing, and how quickly it can occur. Here we use fMRI during statistical learning to explore these questions. Participants viewed statistically structured versus unstructured sequences of shapes while performing a task unrelated to the structure. Robust neural responses to statistical structure were observed, and these responses were notable in four ways: First, responses to structure were observed in the striatum and medial temporal lobe, suggesting that statistical learning may be related to other forms of associative learning and relational memory. Second, statistical regularities yielded greater activation in category-specific visual regions (object-selective lateral occipital cortex and word-selective ventral occipito-temporal cortex), demonstrating that these regions are sensitive to information distributed in time. Third, evidence of learning emerged early during familiarization, showing that statistical learning can operate very quickly and with little exposure. Finally, neural signatures of learning were dissociable from subsequent explicit familiarity, suggesting that learning can occur in the absence of awareness. Overall, our findings help elucidate the underlying nature of statistical learning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Antipova, Ekaterina, and Liudmila Fakeyeva. "Demographic processes in rural areas of Belarus: geographical structure and spatial dynamics." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 17, no. 17 (January 1, 2012): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-012-0001-9.

Full text

Abstract:

Demographic processes in rural areas of Belarus: geographical structure and spatial dynamics The study presents the spatiotemporal regularities and shifts in geo-demographic development of rural areas of Belarus at the multiscale level. Trends in rural population size dynamics for the period of 1959-2009 are detected and characterised. In accordance with the trends in the dynamics of the rural population of Belarus spatial regularities were identified. The geo-demographic territory of Belarus is typified on character of demographic dynamics and natural movement processes of rural population. We have identified three types of districts by the nature of the rural population dynamics for the period of 1970-2009: stable, growing and shrinking; and three types of natural population movement dynamics for the same period in accordance with spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the rural depopulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

LEBRUN-GUILLAUD, GÉÉRALDINE, BARBARA TILLMANN, and TIMOTHY JUSTUS. "PERCEPTION OF TONAL AND TEMPORAL STRUCTURES IN CHORD SEQUENCES BY PATIENTS WITH CEREBELLAR DAMAGE." Music Perception 25, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2008.25.4.271.

Full text

Abstract:

OUR STUDY INVESTIGATED THE PERCEPTION of pitch and time dimensions in chord sequences by patients with cerebellar damage. In eight-chord sequences, tonal relatedness and temporal regularity of the chords were manipulated and their processing was tested with indirect and direct investigation methods (i.e., priming paradigm in Experiment 1; subjective judgments of completion and temporal regularity in Experiments 2 and 3). Experiment 1 replicated a musical relatedness effect despite cerebellar damage (see Tillmann, Justus, & Bigand, 2008) and Experiment 2 extended it to completion judgments. This outcome suggests that an intact cerebellum is not mandatory to access tonal knowledge. However, data on temporal manipulations suggest that the cerebellum is involved in the processing of temporal regularities in music. The comparison between task performances obtained for the same sequences further suggests that the altered processing of temporal structures in patients impairs the rapid development of musical expectations on the time dimension.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Chen, Jia, Peng Wang, Shiqing Du, and Wei Wang. "Log Pattern Mining for Distributed System Maintenance." Complexity 2020 (December 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6628165.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the complexity of the network structure, log analysis is usually necessary for the maintenance of network-based distributed systems since logs record rich information about the system behaviors. In recent years, numerous works have been proposed for log analysis; however, they ignore temporal relationships between logs. In this paper, we target on the problem of mining informative patterns from temporal log data. We propose an approach to discover sequential patterns from event sequences with temporal regularities. Discovered patterns are useful for engineers to understand the behaviors of a network-based distributed system. To solve the well-known problem of pattern explosion, we resort to the minimum description length (MDL) principle and take a step forward in summarizing the temporal relationships between adjacent events of a pattern. Experiments on real log datasets prove the efficiency and effectiveness of our method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Takegata, Rika, Petri Paavilainen, Risto Naatanen, and Istvan Winkler. "Preattentive processing of spectral, temporal, and structural characteristics of acoustic regularities: A mismatch negativity study." Psychophysiology 38, no. 1 (January 2001): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3810092.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Fanuel, Lison, Sophie Portrat, Simone Dalla Bella, Barbara Tillmann, and Gaën Plancher. "Do Temporal Regularities during Maintenance Benefit Short-term Memory in the Elderly? Inhibition Capacities Matter." Experimental Aging Research 46, no. 5 (June 15, 2020): 396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0361073x.2020.1776572.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Daikhin, Luba, and Merav Ahissar. "Fast Learning of Simple Perceptual Discriminations Reduces Brain Activation in Working Memory and in High-level Auditory Regions." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 7 (July 2015): 1308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00786.

Full text

Abstract:

Introducing simple stimulus regularities facilitates learning of both simple and complex tasks. This facilitation may reflect an implicit change in the strategies used to solve the task when successful predictions regarding incoming stimuli can be formed. We studied the modifications in brain activity associated with fast perceptual learning based on regularity detection. We administered a two-tone frequency discrimination task and measured brain activation (fMRI) under two conditions: with and without a repeated reference tone. Although participants could not explicitly tell the difference between these two conditions, the introduced regularity affected both performance and the pattern of brain activation. The “No-Reference” condition induced a larger activation in frontoparietal areas known to be part of the working memory network. However, only the condition with a reference showed fast learning, which was accompanied by a reduction of activity in two regions: the left intraparietal area, involved in stimulus retention, and the posterior superior-temporal area, involved in representing auditory regularities. We propose that this joint reduction reflects a reduction in the need for online storage of the compared tones. We further suggest that this change reflects an implicit strategic shift “backwards” from reliance mainly on working memory networks in the “No-Reference” condition to increased reliance on detected regularities stored in high-level auditory networks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Penel, Amandine, and Mari Riess Jones. "Speeded Detection of a Tone Embedded in a Quasi-isochronous Sequence: Effects of a Task-Irrelevant Temporal Irregularity." Music Perception 22, no. 3 (2005): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2005.22.3.371.

Full text

Abstract:

One reason why music features temporal regularities is that they elicit expectancies about when an event will occur, focusing a listener�s attention around certain points in time. Evidence comes from phoneme monitoring tasks (using reaction times, J. G. Martin, 1979) and pitch and time judgment tasks (using accuracy measures, M. R. Jones, H. Moynihan, N. MacKenzie,& J. Puente, 2002; E. W. Large & M. R. Jones, 1999). Reaction times were faster and accuracy was higher for rhythmically expected elements than for unexpected elements. By contrast, A. Penel and M. R. Jones (2004) recently reported an inversely related finding: faster reaction times for rhythmically unexpected tones, which they labeled a temporal capture effect. The present research examines expectancy versus capture phenomena by using a speeded detection task in which listeners must respond to a lower pitched target located within monotone and isochronous sequences. One interonset interval was shortened or lengthened independently of the target�s position. Temporal irregularities tended to trigger false alarms, suggesting capture effects. Patterns of reaction times showed expectancy effects when the temporally perturbed event preceded the target, but these effects seemed to decrease with time in the sequence. When the target itself was temporally perturbed, some capture was observed, but only when the target came early in the sequence. We conclude that Martin�s (1979) expectancy effects in phoneme monitoring were coarticulatory rather than rhythmical.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Barlow, Horace. "The exploitation of regularities in the environment by the brain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 4 (August 2001): 602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01000024.

Full text

Abstract:

Statistical regularities of the environment are important for learning, memory, intelligence, inductive inference, and in fact, for any area of cognitive science where an information-processing brain promotes survival by exploiting them. This has been recognised by many of those interested in cognitive function, starting with Helmholtz, Mach, and Pearson, and continuing through Craik, Tolman, Attneave, and Brunswik. In the current era, many of us have begun to show how neural mechanisms exploit the regular statistical properties of natural images. Shepard proposed that the apparent trajectory of an object when seen successively at two positions results from internalising the rules of kinematic geometry, and although kinematic geometry is not statistical in nature, this is clearly a related idea. Here it is argued that Shepard's term, “internalisation,” is insufficient because it is also necessary to derive an advantage from the process. Having mechanisms selectively sensitive to the spatio-temporal patterns of excitation commonly experienced when viewing moving objects would facilitate the detection, interpolation, and extrapolation of such motions, and might explain the twisting motions that are experienced. Although Shepard's explanation in terms of Chasles' rule seems doubtful, his theory and experiments illustrate that local twisting motions are needed for the analysis of moving objects and provoke thoughts about how they might be detected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Wynn, Mark. "Some Reflections on Richard Swinburne's Argument from Design." Religious Studies 29, no. 3 (September 1993): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003441250002237x.

Full text

Abstract:

In his book The Existence of God, Professor Swinburne develops a cumulative case for theism. As part of this case, he presents two forms of the argument from design, one form taking as its premise the fact of spatial order, the other proceeding from the fact of temporal order. In this paper, I shall concern myself with the second of these arguments; that is, in Swinburne's terms, I shall concern myself with the argument from regularities of succession.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Chamon, Paulo. "Turning Temporal: a Discourse of Time in IR." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 46, no. 3 (June 2018): 396–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829818774878.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent studies dedicated to time in IR often begin with the claim that the field has long relegated time to a background position, and only recently begun taking the concept seriously, with many fruitful insights. In this article, I refuse this interpellation to ‘take time seriously’, instead proposing we read these claims as part of a discourse, that is, a set of regularities through which we organise and distribute time as an object of knowledge in IR, and through which we come to govern ourselves and others. First, by engaging works of the ‘temporal turn’, I describe four procedures through which the discourse of time in IR is organised: opposing conceptual fields, scaling objects, naturalising and repressing desires, and strategic inverting. Second, I argue this reading shows that the temporal turn might ultimately fall short of realising its proclaimed aims. However, and third, I propose we take this not as a failure, but as the effective working of the discourse. Fourth, in doing so, I suggest the discourse of time effectively ‘changes the subject’ in terms of both the problems posed and the subjectivities constituted in relation to them – in the field of IR, but possibly also more broadly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Rouse, Joseph. "Temporal Externalism and the Normativity of Linguistic Practice." Journal of the Philosophy of History 8, no. 1 (March 24, 2014): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341264.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Temporal externalists expand Putnam’s and Burge’s semantic externalisms to argue that later uses of words transform the semantic significance (extension or meaning) of earlier uses. Conflicting intuitions about temporal externalism often turn on different conceptions of linguistic practice, which have mostly not been thematically explicated. I defend a version of temporal externalism that replaces the familiar regularist and normative-regulist conceptions of linguistic practice or use. This alternative identifies practices neither by regularities of use, nor by determinate norms governing their constituent performances, but by the ways those performances bear upon and are accountable to one another. Performances are intelligible as part of a larger pattern of practice, but different performances extend that pattern in partially conflicting ways. The essentially anaphoric concepts of “issues” and “stakes” allow us to talk about how alternative extensions of past performance conflict or otherwise mis-align (what is “at issue” in those performances), and what differences it would make to extend the practice in one way rather than another (what is “at stake”). The result is to recognize both the interdependence of linguistic performances, and the open texture of concepts, by situating them within broader patterns of discursive interaction with changing circumstances.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Akdoğan, Başak, Fuat Balcı, and Hedderik van Rijn. "Temporal Expectation Indexed by Pupillary Response." Timing & Time Perception 4, no. 4 (November 26, 2016): 354–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002075.

Full text

Abstract:

Forming temporal expectations plays an instrumental role for the optimization of behavior and allocation of attentional resources. Although the effects of temporal expectations on visual attention are well-established, the question of whether temporal predictions modulate the behavioral outputs of the autonomic nervous system such as the pupillary response remains unanswered. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain an online measure of pupil size while human participants were asked to differentiate between visual targets presented after varying time intervals since trial onset. Specifically, we manipulated temporal predictability in the presentation of target stimuli consisting of letters which appeared after either a short or long delay duration (1.5 vs. 3 s) in the majority of trials (75%) within different test blocks. In the remaining trials (25%), no target stimulus was present to investigate the trajectory of preparatory pupillary response under a low level of temporal uncertainty. The results revealed that the rate of preparatory pupillary response was contingent upon the time of target appearance such that pupils dilated at a higher rate when the targets were expected to appear after a shorter as compared to a longer delay period irrespective of target presence. The finding that pupil size can track temporal regularities and exhibit differential preparatory response between different delay conditions points to the existence of a distributed neural network subserving temporal information processing which is crucial for cognitive functioning and goal-directed behavior.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Lerner, Itamar, and Mark A. Gluck. "Sleep and the extraction of hidden regularities: A systematic review and the importance of temporal rules." Sleep Medicine Reviews 47 (October 2019): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.05.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Matveenko, I. A., O. G. Savichev, V. A. Bazanov, and Ye V. Ivanova. "Spatial-Temporal Regularities in Changing Chemical Composition of Bog Waters in Taiga Zone of Western Siberia." Procedia Chemistry 15 (2015): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2015.10.033.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ryabov, V. A. "Hydroacoustical regularities of food behavior of dolphins." Marine Biological Journal 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.2.07.

Full text

Abstract:

Hydroacoustic regularities of food behavior of dolphins are determined by characteristics and functionality of their acoustic signals. All the acoustic signals of dolphins are classified depending on their physical characteristics by the theory of signals and echolocation as follows: sequences of ultrashort ultrawideband coherent pulses – ‘clicks’, frequency-modulated (FM) simultones with uniformly distributed tones – ‘whistles’, packets of mutually coherent pulses (CI), packets of mutually noncoherent pulses (NI) and packets of versatile pulses (VI). They play the role of probing signals of six dolphin sonars optimized for solving various echolocation tasks. The possibilities of using the signals by dolphins in searching and classifying food objects by echolocation have been studied in this work on the basis of both experimental data obtained by the researcher and those available in literature. The dolphins can use sequences of ‘clicks’ to detect food objects (individual fish at the distance up to 70–110 m, a school of fish at the distance up to 450–600 m) and conspecifics (dolphins) (at the distance up to 450–600 m) and to classify food objects. The dolphins can use ‘whistles’ to detect food objects (individual fish at the distance up to 2 km, a school of fish at the distance up to 9–13 km) and conspecifics (dolphins) (at the distance up to 9–13 km) and to determine their range and relative radial velocity. ‘Whistles’ provide higher accuracy and the range of echolocation of food objects and conspecifics compared to ‘clicks’ (by more than an order of magnitude). Furthermore, the FM sonar provides the measure of the radial velocity of approaching or distance removing of underwater object to or from a dolphin. However, an acute analysis of the amplitude-time regularities of the fish echo for the purpose of their classification is the advantage of sonar using ‘clicks’. The dolphins can use the packs of CI at the distances shorter than 2.5 m for tracing the position dynamics of the prey aiming at accurate capture. The high hearing resolution of the dolphin in time is about 0.02 ms; it allows processing the subtle temporal dynamics of the echoes. Packs of NI (signals of spoken language) can be used by dolphins to organize various types of association and complex cooperation between themselves when hunting and catching fish. Packets of VI can be used by dolphins to expand the echolocation of the survey area around the dolphin in order to improve the quality of food objects monitoring, regardless of the position of the dolphin’s head, as well as to determine the range, relative radial velocity and class of food objects, at short distances. Evolution and perfection of various types of acoustic signals, sonars and various methods of processing echo signals in dolphins is caused, first of all, by optimization of hydroacoustic regularities of their food behavior, along with the need for orientation in three-dimensional space. One can assume the presence of similar hydroacoustic regularities of food behavior in Odontoceti based on the similarity of their acoustic signals and morphology. The acoustic regularities of food behavior of dolphins and bats are similar, despite the fact that they have different habitats (water and terrestrial-air), and these mammals belong to different orders of the animal kingdom (Сetacea and Chiroptera).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Levin, B. W., and E. V. Sasorova. "Latitudinal distribution of earthquakes in the Andes and its peculiarity." Advances in Geosciences 22 (December 14, 2009): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-22-139-2009.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In the last decade, there has been growing interest in problems related to searching global spatiotemporal regularities in the distribution of seismic events on the Earth. The worldwide catalogs ISC were used for search of spatial and temporal distribution of earthquakes (EQ) in the Pacific part of South America. We extracted all EQ from 1964 to 2004 with Mb>=4.0. The total number of events under study is near 30 000. The entire set of events was divided into six magnitude ranges (MR): 4.0

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Izyumova, O. N., and S. V. Ladauskas. "ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2016-4-8-12.

Full text

Abstract:

The article presents the author’s control algorithm is local and a systemic crisis taking into account the specifics of small and medium enterprises. The concept of economic mechanism of crisis management, the authors identified regularities and contradictions in the implementation of this mechanism in practice. Defined the temporal boundaries of crisis management for small and medium business in Russia.Provides tools to operational management to ensure sustainable economic situation of subjects of small and average business.The conditions for development of effective mechanism for crisis management, the problems of crisis management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Bolikhovskaya, N. S. "Spatial and temporal regularities in the evolution of vegetation and climate of North Eurasia in the Neopleistocene." Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 32, no. 1 (December 2007): 2–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1563011007040019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Margaryan, V., G. Avetisyan, and A. V. Polyakov. "REGULARITIES OF THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF WINTER MINIMUM TEN-DAY RUNOFF IN RIVERS OF LAKE SEVAN BASIN." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 1, no. 1 (2020): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2020-1-1-92-108.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Temporal regularities'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles